PREFACE.

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WHEN the history of the nineteenth century comes to be written, not the least interesting chapter of it will be that which treats of the origin, the development, and the triumphs of Steam Navigation—that mighty combination of inventive genius and mechanical force that has bridged the oceans and brought the ends of the earth together.

During the past few years several important contributions to this class of literature have issued from the metropolitan press. Three of these deserve special mention: (1) “The Atlantic Ferry; its Ships, Men, and Working,” by Arthur J. Maginnis, gold medallist and member of the Institution of Naval Architects, 1892; (2) “Our Ocean Railways, or the Rise, Progress, and Development of Ocean Steam Navigation,” by A. Fraser-Macdonald, 1893; (3) “The History of North Atlantic Steam Navigation, with Some Account of Early Ships and Shipowners,” by Henry Fry, ex-President of Dominion Board of Trade of Canada and Lloyd’s Agent at Quebec, 1896. Each of these writers, in his own way, has treated the subject so thoroughly and satisfactorily, the author feels as though the wind had been taken out of his sails somewhat, and it is not without hesitation that he has yielded to the advice of friends in whose judgment he has implicit confidence, and ventured to follow in the wake of such accomplished writers.

If I am questioned as to motif I cannot better justify the rash deed than by endorsing the sentiment in Byron’s apostrophe:

“And I have loved thee, Ocean! and my joy
Of youthful sports was on thy breast to be
Borne, like thy bubbles, onward; from a boy
I wantoned with thy breakers—they to me
Were a delight.”

These pages are of a much less pretentious character than the above-named books. They are but a compilation of materials more or less intimately connected with Steam Navigation, gathered from many sources, during many years, and now woven into homely narrative. They necessarily contain much in common with these other writings on this subject, but they are projected from a different standpoint and embrace a wider field, supplying information not easily obtained, respecting the far-reaching waterways of Canada, her magnificent ship canals, and the vast steam commerce of the Great Lakes.

So numerous are the sources of information drawn upon, it is impossible to make adequate acknowledgment of them all. The agents of Atlantic lines of steamships were particularly obliging in their replies to inquiries made of them. Without in any way making them responsible for the use made of their communications, upon these my remarks on that branch of the subject are chiefly based. Among other publications I have consulted the “Transactions of the Imperial Institute,” London, and of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec; Government reports emanating from Ottawa and Washington; also many pamphlets, magazine and newspaper articles bearing on the subject, not to speak of my capacious scrap-book and some well-thumbed note-books.

Additional authorities will be indicated as the narrative proceeds. Besides these, grateful acknowledgments for valuable assistance are due to Sir Sandford Fleming and Mr. George Johnson, F.S.S., of Ottawa; to Messrs. Douglas Battersby, R. W. Shepherd, and the late Captain Thomas Howard, of Montreal; to Mr. Archibald Campbell, of Quebec; Captain Clarke Hamilton, of Kingston; Mrs. Holden, of Port Dover, Ont., and Mr. T. M. Henderson, of Victoria, B.C.; to members of the Boards of Trade in Montreal, Minneapolis and Duluth; and to the following clergymen: Rev. Dr. Bruce, of St. John, N.B.; Rev. T. F. Fullerton, of Charlottetown. P.E.I.; Rev. James Bennett, of L’Orignal, Ont., and Rev. W. H. L. Howard, of Fort William, Ont.

The illustrations have nearly all been made for this work: the wood-cuts by Mr. J. H. Walker, and the half-tones by the Standard Photo-Engraving Company, Montreal.

J. C.

Montreal, October, 1898.


CONTENTS.


page.
CHAPTER I.
The Dawn of Steam Navigation 17

CHAPTER II.
Early Years of Steam Navigation 50

CHAPTER III.
The Cunard Steamship Company 71

CHAPTER IV.
North Atlantic Steamship Companies 103

CHAPTER V.
Steam to India and the East 142

CHAPTER VI.
Steam in the British Navy 166

CHAPTER VII.
The St. Lawrence Route 192

CHAPTER VIII.
Steam on the Great Lakes 244

CHAPTER IX.
Steam Commerce of the Great Lakes 268

CHAPTER X.
Steam Navigation in all the Provinces
of the Dominion and in Newfoundland 307

ILLUSTRATIONS.


STEAM VESSELS.
page
Alberta 285
Atlantic 105
Augusta Victoria 133
Beaver 335
Britannia 72
Caledonia 146
Campania 78
Canada 226
Charlotte Dundas 32
Clermont 42
Columba 38
Comet 35
Corona 329
Crescent 191
Duke of Wellington 167
Empire 255
Empress of Japan 162
Great Britain 62
Great Eastern 63
Hornet 169
Jeanie Deans 51
John S. Colby 363
Kaiser W. der Grosse 137
Lake Ontario 230
Majestic 119
Manitou 271
Miller’s Twin Boat 31
Mississippi Steamer 43
Nelson 337
New York 47
Niagara 74
Normannia 131
North-West 273
Oceanic 117
Ohio Steamer 45
Paris 107
Paris Dining-Room 109
Paris (Stern View) 108
Parisian 204
Passport 327
Pennsylvania 135
Pilgrim 16
Princeton 253
Priscilla 46
Quebec 311
Queen Charlotte 249
Quetta 150
Renown 172
Rhine Steamer 39
Robert Garrett 49
Royal William 8
St. Louis 111
Savannah 53
Scotia 77
Sirius 59
Sovereign 317
Stanley 352
Teutonic 174
Vandalia 251
Victoria and Albert 184
Walk-in-the-Water 250
William IV. 325
PORTRAITS.
Aird, Captain 215
Allan, Sir Hugh 208
Allan, Andrew 296
Burns, Sir George 93
Campbell, Captain 233
Cunard, Sir Samuel 93
Dutton, Captain 218
Fleming, Sir Sandford 4
Graham, Captain 211
Hamilton, Hon. John 331
Lindall, Captain 223
Macaulay, Captain 227
MacIver, David 93
McMaster, Captain 197
McLennan, Hugh 296
MountStephen, Lord 4
Napier, Robert 97
Napier, Mrs. 97
Ogilvie, W. W. 296
Ritchie, Captain 216
Shepherd, R. W. 322
Smith, Captain W. H. 194
Strathcona, Lord 4
Torrance, John 308
Wylie, Captain 212

MISCELLANEOUS.
Canal Lock, Canadian 264
Canal Lock, U. States 278
Cunard Track Chart 90
Grain Elevator 289
Great Republic, Ship 26
Horse-boat 29
Map Gulf Ports, etc. 241
Royal William—Model 55
Ship of the Desert 143
Wind-boat 70

“PILGRIM,”
Sister to Priscilla of the Fall River Line, 1890.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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