BALLADS, Etc.

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There are a few well-known old Cornish ballads, which have already been printed and reprinted; my apology for again introducing them here, must be, that a work of this kind would not be complete without them. “John Dory,” “An old ballad on a Duke of Cornwall’s Daughter,” “The Stout Cripple of Cornwall,” and “The Baarley Mow,” may all be found in Specimens of Cornish Provincial Dialect, by Uncle Jan Trenoodle (Sandys); “Tweedily, Tweedily, Twee,”—Through Rev. S. Rundle, in Transactions Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 1887–88; “Ye sexes give ear to my fancy,” T. Q. Couch, Polperro, Cornwall; and “A fox went forth one moonshining night,” Edward Pole, in Notes and Queries, 1854; “The Long Hundred,” a song of Numbers, W. Pengelly, Notes and Queries, 1873; “When shall we be married?” which I heard many years ago in Scilly, and of which I only remember three verses, I have never seen in print.

The Rev. S. Baring Gould, M.A., is now making a collection of the “Traditional Ballads and Songs of the West of England.” Part I. has been published; it contains “Sweet Nightingale,” said to be a favourite with the miners of Cornwall and Devon; this must be in North Cornwall, as the nightingale is unknown in the western part of the county, scared away, according to the country-folk, “by the sweet singing of its men and women.” And “The Hunting of Arscott of Tetcot,” of which as it has been recast, I will only transcribe the first four lines.

“In the month of November, in the year fifty-two (1652),

Three jolly fox-hunters, all sons of the blue,

Came o’er from Pencarrow, not fearing a wet coat,

To have some diversion, with Arscott of Tetcot,” etc.

“Trelawny” was for many years supposed to be a genuine old Cornish ballad, and as such was accepted and admired by several well-known literary men; but it was written by the late Rev. R. Hawker, Vicar of Morwenstowe; only the lines—

“And shall Trelawny die?

Here’s twenty thousand Cornishmen,

Will know the reason why!”—

being ancient.

John Dory.

As it fell on a holy day,

And upon a holytide a:

John Dory brought him an ambling nag,

To Paris for to ride a.

And when John Dory to Paris was come,

A little before the gate a;

John Dory was fitted, the porter was witted,

To let him in thereat a.

The first man that John Dory did meet,

Was good King John of France a;

John Dory could well of his courtesie,

But fell down in a trance a.

A pardon, a pardon, my liege and my king,

For my merry men and for me a:

And all the churls in merry England

I’ll bring them bound to thee a.

And Nichol was then a Cornish man

A little beside Bohyde a;

He manned him forth a goodly bark,

With fifty good oars of a side a.

Run up, my boy, into the main top,

And look what thou can’st spy a;

Who, ho! who, ho! a good ship do I see,

I trow it be John Dory a.

They hoist their sails both top and top,

The mizen and all was tried a,

And every man stood to his lot,

Whatever should betide a.

The roaring cannons then were plied,

And dub-a-dub went the drum a:

The braying trumpets loud they cried,

To courage both all and some a.

The grappling hooks were brought at length,

The brown bill and the sword a;

John Dory at length, for all his strength,

Was clapt fast under board a.

This song is mentioned by Carew in his Survey of Cornwall; in it he says—“the prowesse of one Nicholas, sonne to a widdow neere Foy is deskanted upon.” (He was one of the “Fowey gallants.”)

An Old Ballad,

ON A DUKE OF CORNWALL’S DAUGHTER;

WHO AFTER HER MARRIAGE TO A KING OF ALBION, WAS DIVORCED FOR THE SAKE OF A FAVOURITE MISTRESS; AND HER EXEMPLARY REVENGE ON THEM BOTH.

When Humber in his wrathful rage

King Albanact in field had slain,

Whose bloody broils for to assuage,

King Locrin then applied his pain;

And with a host of Britons stout,

At length he found king Humber out:

At vantage great he met him then,

And with his host beset him so,

That he destroyed his warlike men,

And Humber’s power did overthrow;

And Humber, which for fear did fly,

Leapt into a river desp’rately;

And being drowned in the deep,

He left a lady there alive,

Which sadly did lament and weep,

For fear they should her life deprive.

But by her face that was so fair,

The king was caught in Cupid’s snare:

He took this lady to his love,

Who secretly did keep it still;

So that the queen did quickly prove,

The king did bear her most good will:

Which though by wedlock late begun,

He had by her a gallant son.

Queen Guendolin was griev’d in mind,

To see the king was alter’d so:

At length the cause she chanc’d to find,

Which brought her to much bitter woe.

For Estrild was his joy (God wot),

By whom a daughter he begot.

The Duke of Cornwall being dead,

The father of that gallant queen:

The king with lust being overlaid,

His lawful wife he cast off clean:

Who with her dear and tender son,

For succour did to Cornwall run.

Then Locrin crowned Estrild bright,

And made of her his lawful wife:

With her which was his heart’s delight,

He sweetly thought to lead his life.

Thus Guendolin, as one forlorn,

Did hold her wretched life in scorn.

But when the Cornish men did know

The great abuse she did endure,

With her a number great did go,

Which she by prayer did procure.

In battle then they march’d along,

For to redress this grievous wrong.

And near a river called Store,

The king with all his host she met;

Where both the armies fought full sore,

But yet the queen the field did get:

Yet ere they did the conquest gain,

The king was with an arrow slain.

Then Guendolin did take in hand,

Until her son was come to age,

The government of all the land;

But first her fury to assuage,

She did command her soldiers wild,

To drown both Estrild and her child.

Incontinent then they did bring

Fair Estrild to the river-side,

And Sabrine, daughter to a king,

Whom Guendolin could not abide;

Who being bound together fast,

Into the river they were cast:

And ever since that running stream

Wherein the ladies drowned were,

Is called Severn through the realm,

Because that Sabrine died there.

Thus those that did to lewdness bend,

Were brought unto a woful end.

Ye Sexes give ear.

Ye sexes give ear to my fancy;

In the praise of good women I sing.

It is not of Doll, Kate, nor Nancy,

The mate of a clown nor a king.

Old Adam when he was created,

Was lord of the universe round;

But his happiness was not completed,

Until that a helpmate was found.

He had all things for food that was wanting,

Which give us content in this life;

He had horses and foxes for hunting,

Which many love more than a wife.

He’d a garden so planted by nature,

As man can’t produce in this life;

But yet the all-wise great Creator

Saw still that he wanted a wife.

Old Adam was laid in a slumber,

And there he lost part of his side;

And when he awoke, in great wonder

He beheld his most beautiful bride.

With transport he gazed all on her,

His happiness then was complete;

And he blessed the bountiful Donor,

Who on him bestowed a mate.

She was not took out of his head,

To reign or to triumph o’er man:

She was not took out of his feet,

By man to be trampled upon.

But she was took out of his side,

His equal and partner to be:

Though they are united in one,

Still the man is the top of the tree.

Then let not the fair be despised

By man, as she’s part of himself;

For a woman by Adam was prized

More than the whole world with its pelf.

Then man without woman’s a beggar,

Tho’ of the whole world he’s possessed;

And a beggar that has a good woman,

With more than the world he is blest.

A Fox went forth.

A fox went forth one moonshining night,

And he prayed to the moon to give him good light,

For he’d many miles to trot that night,

Before he got home to his den O,

His den O, his den O.

For he’d many miles to trot that night,

Before he got home to his den O.

And when he came unto a wood,

As on his hinder legs he stood,

A little bit of goose will do me good,

Before I get home to my den O.

My den O, my den O.

So off he set to a farmer’s yard,

The ducks and the geese were all of them scared;

The best of you all shall grease my beard,

Before I get home to my den O.

He seized the great goose by the neck

And flung it all across his back,

The young ones cried out, quack, quack, quack,

And the fox went home to his den O.

Old mother Slipper-slopper jumped out of bed,

She open’d the window and popp’d out her head,—

John! John! John! the great goose is dead.

And the fox has gone home to his den O.

So John went up unto a hill,

And blew his horn both loud and shrill;

Says the fox This is very pretty music, still

I’d rather be safe in my den O.

But when he came unto the den,

Where he had young ones, nine and ten,

Crying out, Daddy Fox, you must go there again,

For we think its a lucky town O.

The fox and his wife they had such a strife,

They never ate a better goose in all their life;

They tore it abroad, without fork or knife,

And the little ones pick’d the bones O.

Tweedily, Tweedily, Twee (North Cornwall).

There was an old couple and they were poor;

They lived in a house that had but one door,

Tweedily, tweedily, twee.

Now this old man went far from home,

And left his old wife to stay at home,

Tweedily, tweedily, twee.

Now this old man came home at last,

And found his door and windows fast,

Tweedily, tweedily, twee.

Ah, I’ve bin sick whilst you’ve gone,

If you’d bin in the garden you could’ve heard me groan.

Tweedily, tweedily, twee.

An I’m sorry for that, cries he;

An I’m sorry for that, cries he;

Tweedily, tweedily, twee.

Then pluck me an apple from yonder tree,

That will I willingly do, cries he;

That will I willingly do, cries he;

Tweedily, tweedily, twee.

Pop goes the ladder, and down goes he,

An that’s cleverly done, cries she;

An that’s cleverly done, cries she;

Tweedily, tweedily, twee.

When shall we be Married?

When shall we be married, Willy, my pretty lad?

To-morrow if you think it fit.

Not before to-morrow, Willy, my pretty lad?

Would you have me be married to-night?

I should think the girl was mad.

What shall we have for dinner, Willy, my pretty lad?

Roast beef and plum pudding if you think it fit.

Shan’t we have anything else, Willy, my pretty lad?

Would you have me to spend all my money?

I should think the girl was mad.

Who shall we have to dinner, Willy, my pretty lad?

Father and mother, if you think it fit.

Shan’t we have anyone else, Willy, my pretty lad?

Would you have me ask the king and queen?

I should think the girl was mad.

Sweet Nightingale.

My sweetheart, come along,

Don’t you hear the fond song,

The sweet notes of the nightingale flow?

Don’t you hear the fond tale

Of the sweet nightingale,

As she sings in the valley below?

Pretty Betty, don’t fail,

For I’ll carry your pail

Safe home to your cot as we go;

You shall hear the fond tale

Of a sweet nightingale,

As she sings in the valley below.

Pray let me alone,

I have hands of my own,

Along with you, Sir, I’ll not go,

To hear the fond tale

Of the sweet nightingale,

As she sings in the valley below.

Pray sit yourself down

With me on the ground,

On this bank where the primroses grow;

You shall hear the fond tale

Of the sweet nightingale,

As she sings in the valley below.

The couple agreed,

And were married with speed,

And soon to the church did they go;

No more is she afraid

For to walk in the shade,

Nor sit in those valleys below.

The Stout Cripple of Cornwall.

WHEREIN IS SHEWED HIS DISSOLUTE LIFE AND DESERVED DEATH.

Of a stout cripple that kept the high-way,

And begg’d for his living all time of the day,

A story I’ll tell you that pleasant shall be,

The Cripple of Cornwall surnamed was he.

He crept on his hands and his knees up and down,

In a torn jacket and a ragged torn gown,

For he had never a leg to the knee;

The Cripple of Cornwall surnamed was he.

He was of a stomach courageous and stout,

For he had no cause to complain of the gout;

To go upon stilts most cunning was he,

With a staff on his neck most gallant to see.

Yea, no good fellowship would he forsake,

Were it in secret a horse for to take;

His stool he kept close in a hollow tree,

That stood from the city a mile, two, or three.

Thus all the day long he begg’d for relief,

And all the night long he played the false thief;

For seven years together this custom kept he,

And no man knew him such a person to be.

There were few graziers went on the way,

But unto the Cripple for passage did pay,

And every brave merchant that he did descry,

He emptied their purses ere they did pass by.

The noble Lord Courtney, both gallant and bold,

Rode forth with great plenty of silver and gold,

At Exeter there a purchase to pay,

But that the false Cripple the journey did stay.

For why, the false Cripple heard tidings of late,

As he sat for alms at the nobleman’s gate;

This is, quoth the Cripple, a booty for me,

And I’ll follow it closely as closely may be.

Then to his companions the matter he mov’d,

Which their false actions before had prov’d;

They make themselves ready, and deeply they swear

The money’s their own before they come there.

Upon his two stilts the Cripple did mount,

To have the best share it was his full account,

All clothed in canvass down to the ground,

He took up his place his mates with him round.

Then came the Lord Courtney with half-a-score men,

Yet little suspecting these thieves in their den,

And they perceiving them come to their hand,

In a dark evening bid them to stand.

Deliver thy purse, quoth the Cripple, with speed,

We be good fellows and therefore have need,

Not so, quoth Lord Courtney, but this I’ll tell ye,

Win it and wear it, else get none of me.

With that the Lord Courtney stood in his defence,

And so did his servants, but, ere they went hence,

Two of the true men were slain in this fight,

And four of the thieves were put to the flight.

And while for their safeguard they run thus away,

The jolly bold Cripple did hold them in play,

And with his pike-staff he wounded them so,

As they were unable to run or to go.

With fighting the Lord Courtney was out of breath,

And most of his servants were wounded to death,

Then came other horsemen riding so fast,

The Cripple was forced to fly at the last.

And over a river that run there beside,

Which was very deep, and eighteen foot wide,

With his long staff and his stilts leaped he,

And shifted himself in an old hollow tree;

Then throughout the city was hue and cry made,

To have these thieves apprehended and staid;

The Cripple he creeps on his hands and his knees,

And in the high-way great passing he sees.

And as they came riding he begging doth say,

O give me one penny, good masters, I pray,

And thus unto Exeter creeps he along,

No man suspecting that he had done wrong.

Anon the Lord Courtney he spies in the street,

He comes unto him and kisses his feet,

God save your honor and keep you from ill,

And from the hands of your enemies still.

Amen, quoth Lord Courtney, and therewith threw down

Unto the poor Cripple an English crown,

Away went the Cripple, and thus he did think,

Five hundred pounds more will make me to drink.

In vain that hue and cry it was made,

They found none of them though the country was laid,

But this grieved the Cripple night and day,

That he so unluckily missed of his play.

Nine hundred pounds this Cripple had got

By begging and thieving, so good was his lot;

A thousand pound he would make it, he said,

And then he would give over his trade.

But as he striv’d his mind to fulfil,

In following his actions so lewd and so ill,

At last he was taken the law to suffice,

Condemned and hanged at Exeter ‘size.

Which made all men amazed to see

That such an impudent cripple as he

Should venture himself such actions as they,

To rob in such sort upon the high-way.

The Baarley Mow (a harvest song).

Here’s a health to the baarley mow, my braave boys,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

We’ll drenk et out of the jolly brown boul,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

Chorus.

Here’s a health to the baarley mow, my braave boys,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

We’ll drenk et out of the nepperkin,1 boys,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

The nepperkin, and the jolly brown boul.

Chorus.—Here’s a health, etc.

We’ll drenk et out of the quaarter pint, boys,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

The quaarter pint, nepperkin, and the jolly brown boul.

Chorus.—Here’s a health, etc.

This goes on through very many verses until all the different parts of liquid measure are exhausted; the three last verses are—

We’ll drenk et out of the well, my braave boys,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

The well, the hoosghead,2 the haalf hoosghead, ainker,3

the haalf ainker, gallon, the pottle, the quaart, the

pint, the haalf a pint, quaarter pint, nepperkin,

and the jolly brown boul.

Chorus.—Here’s a health, etc.

We’ll drenk et out of the rever, my boys,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

The rever, the well, etc.

Chorus.—Here’s a health, etc.

We’ll drenk et out of the ocean, my boys,

Here’s a health to the baarley mow.

The ocean, the rever, the well, etc.

Chorus.—Here’s a health, etc.

“At Looe, in East Cornwall, it was usual forty years ago, and probably it is still, for labourers to sing ‘The Long Hundred’ (a song of numbers), when throwing ballast with shovels from a sand barge into a ship. The object was said to be threefold; ‘to keep time (i.e. work simultaneously), to prevent anyone from shirking his share of work, and to cheer themselves for the labour,’ which was by no means light. A shovelful of ballast was delivered by every man with each line of the song, which ran thus:—

The Long Hundred.

‘There goes one.

One there is gone.

Oh, rare one!

And many more to come

To make up the sum

Of the hundred so long.

‘There goes,’ etc. on to twenty.

“The song, it will be seen, consisted of twenty six-line stanzas; hence when it was completed, each man had thrown on board one hundred and twenty, i.e. ‘a long hundred,’ shovelfuls of ballast. After a pause both the song and the ballasting were resumed, and so on to the end.”—W. Pengelly.

There are a great many jingling local rhymes and modern dialect poems not worth recording; I will only quote two of the first:—

Elicompane.

“What is your name?—Elicompane.

Who gave you that name?—My master and dame.

How long will you keep it?—As long as I like it.

How long will that be?—As long as me and my master agree.”

Polwhele calls a tomtit “Elicompane;” and says “There is a vulgar tradition that it is a bird by day and a toad by night.”

Uncle Jan Dory.

“I’ll tell ‘ee a story ‘bout Uncle Jan Dory,

Who lived by the side of a well,

He went to a ‘plomp’ (pump), and got himself drunk,

And under the table he fell.”

The Cornish peasantry of the last century were very fond of riddles, but most of them will not bear repetition; they are (as well as many of their sayings and rhymes) much too broad for the taste of this generation, and would only be tolerated in the days when “a spade was called a spade.” There are two exceptions that I know worth transcribing; one has already appeared with its answer, through the Rev. S. Rundle, in Transactions Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 1885–86.

“Riddle me! riddle me right!

Guess where I was to last Saturday night.

Up in the old ivy tree,

Two old foxes under me,

Digging a grave to bury me.

First I heard the wind blow,

Then I heard the cock crow,

Then I saw the chin-champ chawing up his bridle,

Then I saw the work-man working hisself idle.”

Answer.—A young woman made an appointment to meet her sweetheart; arriving first at the place, she climbed into an ivy-covered tree to await his coming. He came in company with another man, and not seeing her “the two old foxes” began to dig a grave, in which from her hiding-place she heard that after murdering they intended putting her. The “chin-champ” was the horse on which they rode away, when they failed to discover her. “Working hisself idle,” is working in vain.

“As I went over London bridge

Upon a cloudy day,

I met a fellow, clothed in yellow,

I took him up and sucked his blood,

And threw his skin away.”

What was he? Answer.—An orange.

With a nonsensical acrostic on the word Finis, well known in the beginning of this century, I must end this (I fear) long, rambling work.

“F—for Francis,

I—for Jancis,

N—for Nich’las Bony;

I—for John the water-man,

S—for Sally Stony.”

M. A. Courtney.


1 A gill.?

2 Cornish for hogshead.?

3 Anker.?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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