Physics :: INDEX

INDEX

Thomas D. Cope

Aberration, spherical, 408
Absolute scale of temperature, 164
Absorptions of gases by solids and liquids, 29
Accelerated motion, 86
Acceleration, 87
Adhesion, 21
Aeroplane, 97
Air, aspirator, 67
- brake, 74
- cushion, 46
- height (of atmosphere), 64
- pressure, 56
- pump, 66
- weight, 56
Alternators, 481
Alternating current, 337, 466
Amalgamation, 273
Ammeter, 291
Ampere, 291
Archimedes' principle, 48
Arc light, 321
Armature, 335
Artesian wells, 44
Audion, 463
Aurora borealis, 453

Balloon, 72
Barometer, 59
Beats, 376
Boiling, laws, 208
- point, 207
Boyle's Law, 63
Breezes, land and sea, 181
British thermal unit, 162
Brownian movements, 16

Calorie, defined, 162
Camera, 426
Candlepower, 394
Capillary action, 25
Cartesian diver, 71
Cathode rays, 453
Centrifugal force, 91
Charles' Law, 165
Chladni's figures, 381
Choke coils, 470
Coefficient of expansion, definitions, 170
- gases, 167
- liquids, 168
- solids, 169
Coherer, 449
Cohesion, 21, 33
Color, 435
- bodies, 435
- complementary, 436
- primary, 440
- prismatic, 433
- theory of color vision, 440
- three-color printing, 440
Commutator, 335, 336
Compass, 230, 240
Concave lens, 418
Condenser,
- Daniel cell, 276
- Declination, 240
- Density, 38, 52
  - methods for finding, 53
- Dew, 192
- Dew point, 193
- Diffusion of gases, 13
- Dipping needle, 240
- Direct Current, 337
- Dispersion, 433
- Distillation, 208
- Draft of a chimney, 180
- Dry cell, 275
- Dynamo, 330, 333
- Dyne, 93
- Eye, the, 423
  - action of, in vision, 423
  - defects of, 425
- Ear, the, 386
  - trumpet, 361
- Earth's magnetism, 238
- Echoes, 362
- Eclipses, 391
- Efficiency, 142
  - engines (tests), 219
  - machines, 142
- Elasticity, 31
- Electric bell, 269, 287
  - charge, distribution of, upon a conductor, 253
  - circuit, 269
  - currents, 267
    - single phase, 479
    - three phase, 479
      - effects, 277
      - induced, 326
  - discharge in rarefied air, 452
  - motor, 339
  - screen, 256
- Electrical capacity, 259
  - fields, 247
- Electrification, 243
- Electrolysis, 308
  - laws, 311
  - practical uses, 311
- Electromagnet, 281
- Electromagnetic theory of light, 456
- Electromotive force, 267
  - unit of, 295
- Electron theory, 252
- Electrophorus, 263
- Electroplating, 307
- Electroscope, 244
- Electrostatic induction, 248
- Energy, 120
  - conservation, 127
  - falling water, 152
  - forms, 125
  - human body, 126
- Energy, kinetic, 121
  - potential, 120
  - transference and transformation, 124
- Engines, 213
- Engines, gas, 222
  - steam, 213
    - turbine, 225
- Equilibrant, 81
- Equilibrium, 106
  - neutral, 107
  - stable, 106
  - stability, 108
  - unstable, 107
- Erg, 119
- Ether, 177
- Evaporation, 18
  - cooling effect, 19, 197
  - rate, 198
- Expansion, coefficient, 168
  - gases, 167
  - liquids, 168
  - peculiarity, in water, 168
  - solids, 169
  - water, on turning to steam, 206
- Falling bodies, 109
  - experimental study, 111
  - laws, 113
- Floating bodies, 48
- Fluoroscope, 455
- Foot candle, 396
- Force, 79
  - dyne, 93
  - effectiveness, 134
  - graphic representation, 80
  - liquid, against any surface, 38
  - measuring, 79
  - moment, 99
  - parallel, 100
  - resolution, 96
  - units, 83
- Forces, parallel, 100
- Franklin's theory of electricity, 252
- Fraunhofer lines, 439
- Freezing, evaporation, 197, 199
  - mixtures, 210
- Friction, 147,
  - coefficient, 149
  - fluid, 150
  - kinds, 147
- Friction, laws, 150
  - reducing, 148
  - uses, 149
- Galvanometers, 289
- Galvanoscope, 269
- Gas engine, 222
  - efficiency of, 224
- Gas meter, 75
- Geissler tubes, 453
- Gravitation, 103
  - law, 104
- Gravity, 88, 104
  - acceleration due to, 111
  - cell, 277
  - center of, 105
- Hail, 193
- Hearing, 386
- Heat, capacity for water, 201
  - conduction, 173
  - constants for transmission, 220
  - convection, 179
  - effects, 161
  - engines, 213, 222
  - equivalent of fuels, 219
  - fusion, 201
  - measurement, 200
  - methods of transmitting, 173
  - produced by electric current, 318
  - radiation, 176
  - sources, 159
  - units, 162
  - vaporization, 205
  - work, 212
- Heating of buildings, 182
  - direct and indirect radiation, 186
  - hot air, 183
    - water, 186
  - plenum system, 187
  - steam, 186
  - vacuum steam, 187
  - vapor steam, 187
- Hertzian waves, 262, 449
- Hooke's law, 33
- Horse power, 123
  - electric equivalent of, 123
- Humidity, 194
- Hydraulic press, 42
  - elevator, 44
  - ram, 72
- Hygrometers, 194
- Hygrometry, 191
  - conditions for saturation, 192
  - dew point, 193
  - fog, 193
  - formation, of dew, 192
  - humidity, 194
  - hygrometers, 194
  - importance, 191
- Hypothesis, 3
- Images, concave mirrors, 405
  - construction, 405
  - definition, 392
  - plain mirror, 401
  - small apertures, 391
- Impedance, 472
- Incandescent lamp, 320
- Inclined plane, 143
- Inductance, 471
- Induction coil, 343
- Inertia, 87
- Insulators, 246
- Intensity of sound, 363
- Interference, light, 442
  - sound, 374
- Joule, 120, 319
- Laws, boiling, 208
  - Boyle's 63
  - Charles', 165
  - electric action, 243
  - falling bodies, 113
  - floating bodies, 48
  - gravitation, 104
  - Hooke's, 33
  - induced currents, 326
  - intensity of light, 394
  - Lenz's, 328
  - liquid pressure, 37
  - machines, 131
  - magnetic action, 229
  - motion, 87
  - Ohm's, 298
  - pendulum, 116
  - reflection, 399
  - refraction of light, 411
  - vibration of strings, 378
- Lenses, achromatic, 434
  - effect on light, 417
  - equation, 421
  - formation of images, 418
  - forms, 416
- LeclanchÉ cell, 275
- Lever, 132
- Leyden jar, 261
  - oscillatory nature of the discharge, 448
- Light, compared with sound, 388, 444
  - electromagnetic theory, 456
  - intensity, 394
  - interference, 442
  - polarization, 445
  - rectilinear propagation, 389
  - reflection, 396
  - total reflection, 413
- Lightning, 254
- Lines, of force, 233
  - agonic, 240
  - isogonic, 240
- Liquids, pressure, 36
- Local action, 273
- Luminous and illuminated bodies, 388
- Machines, 129
  - advantages, 129
  - cannot create energy, 130
  - efficiency, 142
  - law, 131
  - mechanical advantage, 134
  - the six simple, 132
  - uses, 129
- Magnetic action, 229
  - fields, 233, 466
  - induction, 231, 236
  - permeability, 237
  - poles, 229
  - properties, 230
  - retentivity, 231
  - substances, 230
  - effect of electric current, 279
- Magnetism, 228
- Magnetism, theory, 232
- Major and minor triads, 369
- Magneto, 328
- Magnetoscope, 230
- Magnets, 228
  - poles, 229
- Major scale, 366
- Manometric flames, 382
- Matter, 4
  - effect of heat, 5
  - molecular theory, 5
  - properties, 34
  - states of, 4
  - states of, defined, 5
- Mechanical advantage, 134
- Megaphone, 365
- Melting points, 203
- Mercury arc rectifier, 347
- Metric system, 8
- Microscope, 427
- Mirage, 414
- Mirrors, 400
  - concave, 405
  - convex, 407
  - parabolic, 409
  - plane, 401
- Molecular motion in liquids, 18
  - in gases, 13
  - in liquids and solids, 27
  - in solids, 31
- Molecules, motion, 16
  - size, 13
- Moment of force, 99, 133
- Momentum, 87
  - law of, 92
- Motion, 85
  - accelerated, 86
  - curvilinear, 88
  - direction, 86
  - first law, 87
  - modes, 85
  - second law, 92
  - third law, 93
  - uniformity, 86
- Motor (electric), 339
  - A. C. series, 482
  - induction, 483
  - synchronous, 485
- Muffler, 224
- Musical instruments, 377
  - interval, 368
  - nomenclatures, table, 369
- Musical sounds, characteristics 364
- Newton's Laws of motion, 87
- Nodes, in pipes, 384
  - in strings, 379
- Noise and music, 363
- Ohm, 294
- Ohm's Law, 298
- Opera glass, 428
- Optical illusions, 390, 404
  - instruments, 423
    - camera, 426
    - eye, 423
    - microscope, 427
    - opera glass, 428
    - prism field glass, 429
  - projecting lantern, 427
  - telescope, 428
- Organ pipes, closed, 384
  - nodes, 384
  - open, 384
- Oscillatory discharge, 448
- Osmosis, 19
- Outline Review,
  - current electricity, 325
  - force and motion, 118
  - heat, 227
  - induced currents, 353
  - light, 446
  - magnetism and static electricity, 266
  - sound, 387
  - work and energy, 158
- Overtones, 379
- Pascal's principle, 41
- Pendulum, compound, 115
  - laws, 116
  - simple, 115
  - uses, 116
- Pepper's ghost, 404
- Permeability, 237
- Phonograph, 383
- Physics, definition, 4
- Photometer, 394
- Photometry, 393
- Pitch, 365
- Polarization, of light, 445
  - of voltaic cells, 273
- Portraits,
  - Bell, 431
  - Edison, 285
  - Faraday, 331
  - Galileo, 89
  - Gilbert, 217
  - Helmholtz, 397
  - Huygens, 397
  - Joule, 217
  - Kelvin, 331
  - Marconi, 431
  - Morse, 285
  - Newton, 89
- Potential, 257
- Power, 123
  - electric, 316
  - power factor, 476
  - transmission of electric, 476
  - water, 152
- Pressure, air, 56
  - atmospheric, 58
- Pressure, definition, 37
  - effect on liquids and gases, 62
  - law of liquid, 37
- Prism field glass, 429
- Projecting lantern, 427
- Proof-plane, 244
- Pulley, 139
- Pumps, air, 66
  - condensing, 67
  - water (lift, 68, force, 69)
- Quality of musical tones, 380
- Radiation, 176
  - sun's, 178
- Radio-activity, 457
- Radiometer, 177
- Radium, 457
- Rainbow, 436
- Reactance, 472
- Reflection, light, 396
  - multiple, 404
  - sound, 360
  - total of light, 413
- Refraction, 410
  - cause, 412
  - index, 412
  - light, 410
  - in plates, prisms, and lenses, 413
- Resolution of forces, 96
- Resistance, cells in series, and parallel, 302
  - conductors, 293
    - in series and parallel, 299, 300
  - unit, 294
  - volt-ammeter method for finding, 304
- Resonance, 371
- Resonator, 373
- Resultant, 81
- Retentivity, 231
- Right hand rule, 279
- Rotary converter, 486
- Science, definition, 2
- Screw, 144
- Shadows, 390
- Single phase currents, 479
- Siphon, 70
- Siren, 366
- Solidification, change of volume during, 203
- Solutions, 27
- Sound, compared with light, 388
  - interference, 374
  - media, 355
  - nature, 356
  - reflection, 360
  - rule for finding velocity, 367
  - source, 354
  - speed, 355
  - transmission in air, 359
- Specific heat, 200
  - method of determining, 201
- Spectroscope, 438
- Spectrum, 433
- Spherical aberration, 408
- Spinthariscope, 458
- Stability, 108
- Standpipe, 46
- Static and current electricity compared, 287
  - electrical machines, 262
- Steam engine, 213
  - turbine, 225
- Storage battery, 312
- Stress and strain, 94
- Sublimation, 199
- Surface tension, 22
- Sympathetic vibration, 372
- Telegraph, 283
  - wireless, 450
- Telephone, 349
  - receiver, 349
  - transmitter, 350
  - wireless, 460
- Telescope, 428
- Temperature, 162
  - absolute scale, 164
- Tempered scale, 370
- Theory, 3
- Thermometer, air, 167
  - centigrade, Fahrenheit, 163
  - gas, 167
- Thermos bottle, 176
- Thermostat, 188
- Three-color printing, 440
- Three-phase currents, 479
- Three wire transmission, 480
- Torricelli's experiment, 57
- Trade winds, 182
- Transformer, 345, 467
  - uses, 347
- Turbine, steam, 225
  - water, 154
- Vacuum cleaner, 76
  - pan, 210
- Velocity, 86
- Vibration strings, 378
  - sympathetic, 372
- Visual angle, 424
- Viscosity, 20
- Volt, 295
- Voltaic cell, 270
  - advantages, 274
  - amalgamation, 273
  - local action, 273
  - polarization, 273
  - simple, 270
- Voltmeter, 295
- Water wheels, 152
  - overshot, 152
  - turbine, 154
  - undershot, 153
- Watt, 123, 317
- Wave theory, of light, 442
- Waves, beats, 376
  - interference, 374
  - longitudinal, 358
  - sound, 358
  - transverse, 358
  - visible, 357
- Wedge, 144
- Weight, 104
- Wheatstone bridge, 304
- Wheel and axle, 136
- Wind instruments, 383
- Wireless telegraphy, 450
  - telephony, 460
- Work, 119
  - units, 119
- "X" rays 454
FOOTNOTES:

[A] A law is a statement of a constant mode of behavior. It is often expressed in mathematical language.

[B] The mass of a body is the amount of matter in it, the weight is the pull of the earth upon it.

[C] "Head" is a term used to express the vertical height of water in pipes.

[D] The position of a submarine in or under water is controlled in a similar manner.

[E] By a light body is meant one of small mass, a heavy body possessing much greater mass.

[F] V represents the velocity of a falling body at the end of t seconds.

[G] The following formula is of assistance in computing horse-power in problems: H. p. = (lbs. × ft.)/(550 × sec.).

[H] Consider the diameter of the front sprocket as 6 inches.

[I] Radiant heat is really radiant energy and becomes heat when it is absorbed by a body.

[J] American League of Automobile Manufacturers.

[K] Many scientists consider that current in a conductor consists of negative electrons flowing in a direction opposite to that described in Art. 243. This is called the electron current, as distinguished from the electric current described above.

[L] A shunt is a conductor or coil connected in parallel with another conductor or circuit. It carries a part of the current.

[M] An induced current is one produced by changing the number of magnetic lines of force passing through a coil.

[N] A wave is a disturbance in a substance or medium that is transmitted through it.

[O] Pitch as used here, means vibration rate.

Transcriber's note:
This book uses B.T.U. and B.t.u., electrophorous and electrophorus, e.m.f. and E.M.F. and this has been left as written.
Hyphenation is also left as written, e.g. electro-plated and electroplated.
On page 324, Exercise number 8 was not used in the original. The exercises have not been renumbered.

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FOOTNOTES: