Acts of the Apostles, their testimony in favour of the historicity of Jesus, 113 foll.

—— their evidence, outside the we sections, with respect to Paul, 120 foll.;
it agrees with that of the Pauline Epistles, 131

Anthropology, how conceived of by Robertson and Drews, 94, 178 foll.

Antiochus Epiphanes, legend of his finding a human victim in the Holy of Holies accepted by Mr. Robertson, 51

Aphraates, the Syrian Father, on the divinity of Jesus, 176

Apion, his fables accepted by Mr. Robertson, 51, 54

Apollonius of Tyana, in spite of the parallelisms of his story with that of Jesus, is allowed by Mr. Robertson to have really lived, 6, 45;
his exorcisms, 13;
mythical elements in his history do not deter Mr. Robertson from allowing that he really lived, 46 foll.

—— —— miracles worked at his shrine, 200

Apollonius, Senator of Rome, C.A.D., 182;
his apology for Christianity, 188 note

Apollos and “the things concerning Jesus,” 35 foll.

Apologetic works awake legitimate suspicion, among moderns, even of the historicity of Jesus, 214

Apostles known to Paul were not companions of Jesus, but leaders of the Sun-myth sect and subordinates of the Jewish High Priest, 140;
they concocted the DidachÉ or Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, 141, 185

Apparitions of Jesus to the faithful, 149

Arnold, Matthew, Mr. Robertson’s appreciation of him, 172

Ascension into heaven of Jesus, a symbolic act according to Dr. Gore, 219 foll.

Asses, Jesus’s ride on the two, explained by Mr. Robertson, 22, 76

Athanasian orthodoxy, based on the Fourth Gospel, 103

Athanasius’s Christology, 3

Augustus CÆsar, worshipped as an incarnate God, 57, 198 note

Babylonian myths in the Bible, 203

Bacon-Shakesperians find their rivals in the domain of New Testament exegesis in Messrs. Robertson, Drews, and W. B. Smith, 182, 188 note

Baptism of John to be astrally explained according to Dr. Drews, 155

Bevan, Rev. R. F., pleads for recognition in English pulpits of scientific methods, 217

—— Rev. J. O., his plea for recognition in English Church of the Higher Criticism, 218 Bifrons, new meaning of, discovered by Mr. Robertson, 63, 77

Birth legends of Jesus, as supplied by Luke and Matthew, evidence a popular belief that he had lived, 99

Brethren of Jesus, only such in a Pickwickian sense, according to Robertson, Drews, and W. B. Smith, 145 foll.

Burkitt, Prof. F. C, on Nazareth, 42

Canterbury, Archbishop of, on Bible criticism, 218

Carpenter, Dr. Estlin, his criticisms of Mr. Robertson, 76, 113

Celsus’s Gospel contained story of Judas Iscariot, 137

Cephas, or Peter, personally opposed by Paul, 135 Christ, or Messiah, meaning of the name, 11

Christian literature of early centuries mainly anti-Jewish, 224, 225

Christianity, early, in the travel document of Acts, 116, 117

“Christist” receipt for manufacturing a Gospel, 95

Christians, first so called at Antioch, 165

Church objects to sane criticism of the Bible, 1, 3

Circumcision accepted by the earliest Christians, according to Drews and Robertson, 89

Clement of Rome cites the Pauline Epistles, 126;
his description of the Neronian persecution, 161

Clement’s Recognitions, 81

Comparative religion, its true methods, 71 foll., 178 foll.

“Composite myth” invoked by Drews and Robertson in explanation of Jesus itself wholly inexplicable, 25, 48, 74, 77, 79;
how “the composite myth” waged war on the gods and goddesses he was composed of, 69;
a wilfully absurd hypothesis, 90, 95, 181

Conybeare, William Daniel, on Oxford historical studies, 216

Cosquin, M. Emmanuel, his work a model of the comparative method, 178

Cox, Sir George, on Sun-myths, 18

Credulity of the hypercritical school of writers, 124, 182

Croce, Benedetto, upon nature of history, 1

Croydon, Bishop of, his obscurantism shared by the majority of the clergy, 217 foll.

Crucifixion, absurdity of the parallels invoked by Mr. Robertson, 50 foll.

Cumont, Prof. F., on Mithras, 64

Deacons, the Seven, in Acts, 117

Deification of men common in antiquity—e.g., Augustus CÆsar, the Pharaohs—compatible with the reality of the persons deified, 57, 86, 198

Demoniacs exorcized alike by Jesus and Apollonius, 13

Demonology of earlier Gospels excluded from Fourth Gospel, 86, 170

Demons in Gospels explained by W. B. Smith as heathen gods and goddesses, 67, 189 DidachÉ, or Teaching, of the Twelve Apostles, a Jewish document adopted by the Christists, 89

Dieterich’s Abraxas, 39

Diogenes Laertius’s life of Solon, 4; of Plato, 58

Dion of Rome on the art of Phidias, 180 note

Dionysius-Jesus rides two asses at once according to Mr. Robertson, 22, 76

Docetes, nature of their tenets, 86, 103 foll.

Docetism in Philo and in Book of Tobit, 106

Documents, historical, conditions of their right and legitimate use, 215

Dositheos, the Samaritan Messiah, 198 note

Drews, Robertson, W. B. Smith, Jensen, their critical canons condemn nearly all historical figures to unreality, 6, 7

Drews, Dr., embraces the figment of a Sun-god Joshua, 30 foll.;
espouses Mr. Robertson’s misunderstanding of El Tabari, 35;
on Joseph-Kinyras, 65;
on the home life of the Messiah, 67;
he admits much of early Christian literature besides the Gospels to be prior to the year 100, 3, 4, 100;
admits Mark to be the oldest Gospel, 9;
on Pilate, Longinus, the Javelin man, and the Milky Way, 27 foll.;
espouses the pre-philological etymologies of Mr. Robertson, 69, 70;
admits presence of Jewish rites and beliefs in earliest Christianity, 89;
misunderstands nature of Gnostic Docetism, 104 foll.;
also of Jewish Messianic belief in early second century, 107;
attaches importance to Paul as the real founder of Christianity, 113;
opines that Tacitus was interpolated from Sulpicius Severus by Poggio, 161 foll.;
on the Chrestiani or votaries of Serapis, 165;
his account of John the Baptist, 210

Durkheim, Emile, on primitive religion, 19;
on the right limits of comparison, 72

Eabani alternately identified by P. Jensen with Jesus and John the Baptist, 209

ElephantinÉ, papyri of fifth century B.C. lately recovered there, 32

El Tabari’s allusions to Joshua, misused by Mr. Robertson, 34

Ephrem’s commentary on Acts, 120

Epimenides according to the canons of the hypercritics never lived, 5

Eschatology of New Testament inexplicable on Mr. Robertson’s hypothesis, 102, 224;
ruled out in the Fourth Gospel, 170

Esotericism of early Christianity feigned by Drews, Robertson, and Smith, 16;
a cloak for the wild improbability of their views, 31, 90, 91, 183, 188 foll. Essene meant a healer, according to Prof. W. B. Smith, 37

Eusebius of CÆsarea testifies from ancient documents to the early hatred of Jews for the memory of Jesus, 112

Farnell, Dr., Rector of Exeter College, on Babylonian elements in ancient religion and civilization of Greece, 202

Figgis, Rev. Mr., on Higher Criticism, 221

Fish symbolism, misunderstood by Mr. Robertson, 21

Fourth Gospel, its characteristics, 86, 102, 103, 170

Frazer, Dr. J. G., and Dr. Drews, 142;
esteemed by Dr. Drews as being almost as great an authority as Mr. Robertson, 35

Galatians, Epistle of Paul to, in relation to the narrative of Acts, 131;
its genuineness, 139

Gardner, Prof. Percy, on the two asses, 76, 113

Gospels, transcripts of an annually recurring mystery-play representing the death of a Sun-god, vegetation sprite, called Joshua, and same as Attis, Tammuz, Osiris, etc., 48 foll.;
a monotheistic allegory according to W. B. Smith, 74, 85, 145, 191;
not Messianic romances, 81;
beginnings of the deification of Jesus traceable in the later ones, 86;
evolution in them of Christology, 169 foll.

—— Synoptic, their true inter-relations ignored by Mr. Robertson whenever it suits his purpose, 173 foll.

Hardy, Mr. E. G., his work on Christianity in relation to the Roman Government, 161

Hawkins, Sir John, his linguistic studies of Luke’s Gospel and of Acts, 118

Hebrews, epistle to, testifies to historicity of Jesus, 152

High priest of the Jews presided over the secret society of “Christists,” 135;
and sent forth the Twelve Apostles known to Paul, 142, 185

Hippolytus, Bishop of Ostia, on the Docetism of the second century, 107

Historical evidence, nature of, according to Benedetto Croce, 1;
conditions of, 7, 8

Historical method. See Jackson, Langlois, Renan

Historical reality and dates rarely ascribed by their votaries to such Gods as Adonis and Osiris, 199

Historical statements in ancient authors so many problems to be explained, whether admitted or denied, 7, 8

Horace regarded Augustus CÆsar as a god from heaven made flesh, 198 note

Humanity of Jesus in belief of early Christians, 176 foll.

Human sacrifice discarded by Jews long before other races discarded it, 50

Hyginus’s myth of Bacchus and the two asses, 25, 76

Hypercriticism of Drews, Robertson, and W. B. Smith involves the unreality of Solon, Epimenides, Pythagoras, Apollonius of Tyana, 4–6;
its wilful improbabilities, 31;
resembles old-fashioned orthodoxy in its failure to appreciate evidence, 43;
consents in profane history to separate off miracles from normal events, yet refuses to do so in sacred history, 45 foll.;
becomes mere credulity, 124, 182;
would abolish all history, 167;
is a repercussion from orthodox obscurantism, 168;
damages the cause of Rationalism, 186

Ignatius of Antioch on Docetism of the early second century, 105

Ignatian testimony to Pauline Epistles, 126

Independent witnesses to the same facts, their importance explained, 8, 9, 96, 97, 123

Interpolations of New Testament, hypothesis of, invoked at random by the hypercritical school as suits their argument, 125, 135

Jackson, Cyril, Dean of Christ Church, his educational ideals, 216

Jacob’s prayer, a Jewish apocryph, cited by Origen, 198 note

Jairus’s daughter, miracle of her being raised from the dead paralleled in the life of Apollonius, 47

James, brother of Jesus, visited by the author of the travel-document, 100

Janus—Peter, 63, 77, 143

Jensen, Dr. P., 142;
traces the entire Bible to the myth of Gilgamesch, 203;
on “the Jesus-saga,” 205 foll.;
his account of John the Baptist, 206 foll.;
criticism of his method, 212

Jerome, on encratite grounds, represented James, not as the brother, but as the cousin, of Jesus, 148

Jesus Barabbas, 50, 52

Jesus Ben Pandira, Mr. Robertson takes refuge in him in order to escape admitting the identity of Paul’s Jesus with Jesus of Nazareth, 143 foll.;
turns out to be identical, after all, 151 foll.; 184, 199

Jesus, his birth at winter solstice, 20 Jesus, the name, connected by Prof. Smith with the Greek word iesomai—“I will heal,” 196

Jesus cult, its original secrecy as conjectured by Prof. W. B. Smith, 192

“Jesus, the God of the Hebrews,” in the papyrus of Wessely, 39

Jews, their Messianic hopes in early second century, 108;
their hatred and ridicule of the man Jesus, 108 foll.;
their hostility to pagan myths and art regularly ignored by Drews and Robertson, 25, 29, 73, 90, 91, 93 foll., 180, 183

Johannine Epistles testify to historicity of Jesus, 153

John the Baptist, alternately an astral myth and an Essene, according to Dr. Drews, 155

Josephus describes the Christians as Judaizers of an ambiguous and neutral class, detested alike by Jews and pagans, 224;
his notice of John the Baptist, 154;
of Jesus, 156;
of James the brother of Jesus, 157 foll.

Joseph in the Gospels an alias of the God Joseph, of the old man in Apuleius, of Kinyras, etc., 65

Joshua ben Jehozadak turned into a Sun-myth by Dr. Drews, 32

Joshua, Samaritan Book of, its age over-estimated by Dr. Drews, 33

Joshua the Sun-god not deducible from the Book of Joshua, 17, 30;
an invention of Mr. Robertson’s, 17 note;
his pagan aliases, 29;
adopted by Dr. Drews, 30;
deliberately suppressed by Old Testament writers, according to Mr. Robertson, 33, 34;
his virgin mother Miriam an invention of Mr. Robertson’s, 33 foll., 92;
why chosen out as the god to be humanized by Christists, 87;
why should he have died annually?, 82 foll.

Judaic elements in early Christianity admitted by Drews and Robertson, 89

Judaic exclusiveness of Jesus’s idea of the Kingdom of God, 13, 132, 133

Judas Iscariot, 137

Jude, Epistle of, testifies to a real Jesus, 153

Judgment of Israel, naÏve picture of it in the Gospels, 14

Justin Martyr on Jewish Messianic hopes in early second century, 108;
on Jewish execration of the real man Jesus in the same age, 109 foll.;
regarded Jesus as an incarnate archangel, 198 note

Keys and Peter, meaning of, 64

Khonds of India, their human sacrifices invoked by Mr. Robertson in explanation of the Crucifixion, 55

Kingdom of God, old Persian elements therein, 10, 11;
its immediate advent preached in turn by John the Baptist and by Jesus, 10 foll., 101 foll., 178

Kraus, Samuel, on Talmudic and Jewish traditions of Jesus, 151 foll.

Lamb, Jesus represented as—why?, 21

Langlois and Seignobos on the value and limitations of the Argument from Silence, 129;
on nature of ancient documents, 168;
on the credulity which besets hypercriticism, 182, 186

Last judgment assigned to Jesus-Osiris, 21

Last Supper, how handled by Mr. Robertson, 150

Liddon, Canon, his superstitious attitude towards Biblical criticism, 128

Lightfoot’s HorÆ HebraicÆ on Jesus Ben Pandira, 152

Loisy, Prof. Alfred, his commentaries, 169

Longinus the Centurion, his legend set back in reign of Nero by Dr. Drews, 28

Lorinser, Dr., censured by Robertson for his derivation of Krishnaism from Christianity, 75 foll., 78

Luke expressly mentioned as author of the travel document in Ephrem’s text of Acts, 120

Luke’s Gospel, its date and relations to Matthew and Mark, 98

Maia = Maria, 69, 70

Maira = Maria, 70

Marcion’s use of Luke’s Gospel, 119

Marett on right method in comparative investigations of religion, 73, 74, 77

Mark’s Gospel, admitted by Dr. Drews to be the oldest, 9;
rÉsumÉ of its contents, 10 foll.;
its priority denied by Mr. Robertson whenever it suits his purpose, 23;
its author had never heard of the legend of the Virgin Birth, 44 foll., 175

Mary, Mother of Jesus. Her name a form of Myrrha, Moira, Maya, Maia, etc., according to Mr. Robertson and Dr. Drews, 69

Matthew’s Gospel, its date and relations to Mark and Luke, 99

Max Muller, Friedrich, on Sun-myths, 18

Maya = Maria, 69, 70

Melito of Sardis, his Apology for Christianity, 150

Merris = Maria, 70

Messianic expectations in early second century, as reflected in Justin Martyr, 108;
they dominate the Synoptic Gospels, 178

Messianism of the New Testament ignored or misunderstood by Messrs. Drews, Robertson, W. B. Smith, and other deniers of the historicity of Jesus, 101

Miracles of the Gospels, 2

Miraculous and non-miraculous elements according to Messrs. Robertson and Drews co-exist in works of profane history without prejudicing their veracity, but in the Gospels they pretend that they form an impenetrable block of myth, 45 foll., 168 foll.

Mithras-Peter, 63, 143 Moira = Maria, 69, 70 Moirai, the three, identified by Mr. Robertson with the three Maries, 179

Mommsen, his verdict on Apologists, 3, 222

Monotheistic propaganda absent from the Gospels, which nevertheless, on W. B. Smith’s view, reflect a monotheistic crusade, 187, 190

Mount, Sermon upon the, explained by Robertson on astral principles, 20, 21

Myrrha = Maria, 69, 70 Myth, Magic, and Morals cited, 1, 44

Mythical accretions differently estimated by Messrs. Robertson and Drews in secular and in sacred history, 45 foll.

Myths of ancient gods, in what way they contrast with the Gospels, 82

Nazareth same as Chorazin according to F. C. Burkitt, 41 Nazoraei of Epiphanius, how Prof. W. B. Smith conjures with them, 41;
for Matthew the word meant simply “dwellers in Nazareth,” ibid. note

Nero’s persecution of Christianity, 160 foll.

Novels, ancient Greek, contrasted with the Gospels, 82

Oannes or Ea equated with John the Baptist by Dr. Drews, 155

Orthodox obscurantism responsible for the vagaries of Messrs. Robertson, Drews, W. B. Smith, and similar writers, 1, 128, 168

Origen on the Samaritan Messiah Dositheos, 198 note;
his confused citations of Josephus mislead Prof. W. B. Smith, 157 foll.

Osiris = Jesus in the last judgment, 21;
his death, 48;
his statuette suggested the scourging of the money-changers by Jesus, 62, 77

Oxford, Bishop of, on the symbolical character of the Ascension, 219 Pan-Babylonismus, 202

Papias’s evidence about the Gospels, 10;
on Judas Iscariot, 137

Parables of Jesus mainly turn on the imminence of the kingdom of heaven, 13

Paton, W. R., on the Sacaea, 53

Paul’s general aloofness from the historical Jesus, 138;
did not prevent his testifying to the main facts of his life, 132 foll.

Paul’s lack of appreciation of Greek art, 180;
his rivalry with the older Apostles, 134

Pauline Epistles, how handled by the deniers of Jesus’s historicity, 125;
evidence of their antiquity in Marcion, Ignatius, and Clement of Rome, 125 foll.;
mainly genuine, if judged by their contents, 131;
their evidence as regards historicity of Jesus, 132 foll.;
their picture of Jesus, 169

Peter, an understudy of Mithras or of Janus or of Proteus, 62 foll., 143;
his Epistle testifies to an historical Jesus, 153

Peter, Gospel ascribed to, recognizes the Twelve Apostles, 13

Pfleiderer, Dr., Mr. Robertson’s judgment of him, 172

Philonean character of Johannine Gospel, 103, 111

Philo’s embassy to Caligula, 180;
his docetic views as to angels visiting Abraham, 106;
his description of mob-mockery in Alexandria of the King of the Jews, 53

Pilate, the Javelin man of Dr. Drews, 27

Plato, his supposed prophecy of Jesus, 188 note;
Mr. Robertson’s arguments leave no room for historicity, 57;
his virgin birth compatible, according to Mr. Robertson, with his reality, 58

Play, annual mystery-plays of Jesus invented by Mr. Robertson, 48 foll., 91, 135 foll.

Pliny’s notice of the Christians of Bithynia, 40, 162 foll.;
Prof. W. B. Smith’s attempt to explain it away, 163

Poggio interpolated Tacitus from Sulpicius Severus, according to Dr. Drews, 161 foll.

Pre-Christian Jesus, no evidence needed to prove his reality, according to Prof. W. B. Smith, 32;
far-fetched character of the hypothesis, 35 foll.

Prephilological etymologies of Messrs. Robertson and Drews, 70, 179

Proteus—Peter, 63, 143

Pythagoras, judged by the rules of the hypercritics, not an historical figure, 5

Q, or the non-Marcan source embedded in Matthew and Luke, 10

Reduplications, rhetorical, their frequency in Hebrew literature, 24, 76

Renan, on character of early history of Christianity, 223 foll.

Resurrected Jesus appears to five hundred men at once, 149

Revelation of John, testifies to a real Jesus, 153

Robertson, Mr. J. M., not properly esteemed in Germany, according to Dr. Drews, 15;
his invention of the Sun-god Joshua, 17;
sets Mark later than Matthew, when it serves his purpose to do so, 23;
his ideas of evidence exampled in his handling of El Tabari, 34;
his hypothesis of mystery-plays representing death of Joshua the Sun-god, 48 foll.;
censures Dr. Lorinser for deriving Krishna myths from Christianity, 75 foll.;
admits presence of Jewish elements in primitive Christianity, 89;
adopts Jesus Ben Pandira, 143 foll.;
and passim

Sacaea, character of, 52

Samaritan apocryph of Joshua, 33

Savages deify humble objects rather than the sublime in nature, 18

Schmiedel’s “Pillars,” how dealt with by Mr. Robertson, 172 foll.

Secrecy of early Christian cult and propaganda a fiction of Prof. W. B. Smith’s fancy, 188, 190

Silence, argument from, 42, 119, 129 foll.

Slain god cult, the idea not primitive in Christianity, but a development of Pauline thought, 177

Smith, Prof. W. B., uses the Gospels as historical documents whenever it suits his argument, 192, 197;
on the sublimity of the initial letter J, 195;
on the Acts and Epistles, 197;
on esoterism of early Church, 192 foll.;
his hypothesis of a pre-Christian Jesus, 32;
his hypothesis based on the exiguous evidence of Acts xviii, 24 foll., 35;
insists on the monotheistic significance of the Gospels, 74, 187, 190;
his hypothesis that Jesus was an ancient monotheist deity humanized, 84, 124;
he misunderstands the Gospels, and turns them into allegory, 85 foll., 188 foll.;
disputes the antiquity of the Pauline Epistles, 126 foll.;
his use of the argument from silence, 130;
attempts to explain away the brethren of Jesus, 145 foll.;
his theory that the Gospels represent a “crusade for monotheism,” 187 foll.;
he contradicts his main presuppositions in order to argue from the Gospels at all, 191

Socialism, modern, resembles apocalyptic faith of earliest Christians, 102

Solomon, Psalms of, upon the Messiah as the Last Judge, 21

Solon, doubts implied by the hypercritics as to his historicity, 4

Spencer, Dr. John, on methods of comparative religion, 72

Suetonius’s application of epithet Malefica to Christian religion, 161, 165

Suetonius on oriental messiahs, 196;
his phrase impulsore Chresto, its meaning according to Dr. Drews, 164 foll.

Sulzbach, A., on Peter’s keys, 64

Sunday-school style of criticism of Robertson, Drews, and W. B. Smith, 23, 43, 168, and passim

Sun-myth phase of comparative mythology, though obsolete, yet upheld in books of Drews and Robertson, 18, and passim

Tacitus’s references to the Christians, how handled by W. B. Smith, 159 foll.;
supported by Clement of Rome, 161

Temple cleansing, story of, originated according to Mr. Robertson in a statuette of Osiris with a scourge, 61 foll., 77

Thecla, story of, 81

Theophilus, Luke’s exordiums addressed to him attest a belief on part of both as well as of many others that Jesus was no myth, 99, 100

Thomas, apostle, legends of, 81

Thompson, Rev. W. H., his work on miracles, how received in the English Church, 217

Tobit, Book of, Docetism in, 106

Toldoth Jeschu, or Jewish tradition of Jesus, 151 foll.

Travel document, or We sections, in Acts, 100;
a summary of their contents, 115 foll.;
probably written by the author of Acts and not merely an independent document used up by him, 118

Twelve Apostles the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac, 20, 78;
identical with the twelve apostles of the Jewish High Priest, 135 foll.;
Paul’s rivalry with them, 134, 138

Universities of Oxford and Cambridge have ignored the study of Christian antiquities, 216

Van Manen’s favourable estimate of Acts accepted by Messrs. Drews and Robertson, 113 foll.;
his absurd system of dating ancient literature espoused by Messrs. Robertson and Drews, 119, 125 foll., 137

Virgin Birth Legend, Messrs. Robertson and Drews insist that it was part and parcel of the earliest evangelical tradition, 44 foll., 170, 175;
in spite of their virgin births, Plato and Augustus are admitted by Mr. Robertson to have been real men, 49 foll.;
lateness of Gospel records thereof admitted by Mr. Robertson, 50, 92

Virgin Mary, late introduction of her feasts in the Church, 171

Weiss, Prof. Jo., on influence of the Septuagint on Luke’s account of the birth of John the Baptist, 206

Wellhausen’s commentary on the Gospels, 169;
his view of the date of composition of the Gospels of Mark and Luke, 97

Wendland, Prof. Paul, on the Sacaea, 53

Wessely’s papyrus mentions “Jesus the God of the Hebrews,” 39

William Tell myth, 42

Winckler, Prof. Hugo, his astral methods of interpreting myths, 209;
on Sun and Moon myths in the Old Testament, 87, 142

Xisuthros = Jesus, in Dr. Jensen’s Gilgamesch Epos, 211

Zimmern, Prof. Heinrich, on the Deluge, 203