WELSH HONEYMOON [39]

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  • CHARACTERS
  • Vavasour Jones.
  • Catherine Jones, his wife.
  • Eilir Morris, nephew of Vavasour Jones.
  • Mrs. Morgan, the baker.
  • Howell Howell, the milliner.

PLACE.Beddgelert, a little village in North Wales.

A Welsh kitchen. At back, in center, a deep ingle, with two hobs and fire bars fixed between, on either side settles. On the left-hand side near the fire a church; on the right, in a pile, some peat ready for use. Above the fireplace is a mantel on which are set some brass candlesticks, a deep copper cheese bowl, and two pewter plates. Near the left settle is a three-legged table set with teapot, cups and saucers for two, a plate of bread and butter, a plate of jam, and a creamer. At the right and to the right of the door, is a tall, highly polished, oaken grandfather's clock, with a shining brass face; to the left of the door is a tridarn. The tridarn dresser is lined with bright blue paper and filled with luster china. The floor is of beaten clay, whitewashed around the edges; from the rafters of the peaked ceiling hang flitches of bacon, hams, and bunches of onions and herbs. On the hearth is a copper kettle singing gaily; and on either side of the fireplace are latticed windows opening into the kitchen. Through the door to the right, when open, may be seen the flagstones and cottages of a Welsh village street; through latticed windows the twinkling of many village lights.

It is about half after eleven on Allhallows' Eve in the village of Beddgelert.

At rise of curtain, the windows of kitchen are closed; the fire is burning brightly, and two candles are lighted on the mantelpiece. Vavasour Jones, about thirty-five years old, dressed in a striped vest, a short, heavy blue coat, cut away in front, and with swallowtails behind, and trimmed with brass buttons, and somewhat tight trousers down to his boot tops, is standing by the open door at the right, looking out anxiously on to the glittering, rain-wet flagstone street and calling after someone.

Vavasour[40] [calling]. Kats, Kats, mind ye come home soon from Pally Hughes's!

Catherine [from a distance]. Aye, I'm no wantin' to go, but I must. Good-by!

Vavasour. Good-by! Kats, ye mind about comin' home? [There is no reply, and Vavasour looks still further into the rain-wet street. He calls loudly and desperately.] Kats, Kats darlin', I cannot let you go without tellin' ye that—Kats, do ye hear? [There is still no reply and after one more searching of the street, Vavasour closes the door and sits down on the end of the nearest settle.]

Vavasour. Dear, dear, she's gone, an' I may never see her again, an' I'm to blame, an' she didn't know whatever that in the night—[Loud knocking on the closed door; Vavasour jumps and stands irresolute.] The devil, it can't be comin' for her already? [The knocking grows louder.]

Voice [calling]. Catherine, Vavasour, are ye in?

Vavasour [opening the door]. Aye, come in, whoever ye are. [Mrs. Morgan, the Baker, dressed in a scarlet whittle and freshly starched white cap beneath her tall Welsh beaver hat, enters, shaking the rain from her cloak.]

Mrs. Morgan. Where's Catherine?

Vavasour. She's gone, Mrs. Morgan.

Mrs. Morgan. Gone? Are ye no goin'? Not goin' to Pally Hughes's on Allhallows' Eve?

Vavasour [shaking his head and looking very white]. Nay, I'm no feelin' well.

Mrs. Morgan. Aye, I see ye're ill?

Vavasour. Well, I'm not ill, but I'm not well. Not well at all, Mrs. Morgan.

Mrs. Morgan. We'll miss ye, but I must hurryin' on whatever; I'm late now. Good-night!

Vavasour [speaking drearily]. Good-night! [He closes the door and returns to the settle, where he sits down by the pile of peat and drops his head in his hand. Then he starts up nervously for no apparent cause and opens one of the lattice windows. With an exclamation of fear, he slams it to and throws his weight against the door. Calling and holding hard to the door.] Ye've no cause to come here! Ye old death's head, get away! [Outside there is loud pounding on the door and a voice shouting for admittance. Vavasour is obliged to fall back as the door is gradually forced open, and a head is thrust in, a white handkerchief tied over it.]

Howell Howell [seeing the terror-stricken face of Vavasour]. Well, man, what ails ye; did ye think I was a ghost? [Howell Howell, the Milliner, in highlows and a plum-colored coat, a handkerchief on his hat, enters, stamping off the rain and closing the door. He carefully wipes off his plum-colored sleeves and speaks indignantly.] Well, man, are ye crazy, keepin' me out in the rain that way? Where's Catherine?

Vavasour [stammering]. She's at P-p-p-ally Hughes's.

Howell Howell. Are ye no goin'?

Vavasour. Nay, Howell Howell, I'm no goin'.

Howell Howell. An' dressed in your best? What's the matter? Have ye been drinkin' whatever?

Vavasour [wrathfully]. Drinkin'! I'd better be drinkin' when neighbors go walkin' round the village on Allhallows' Eve with their heads done up in white.

Howell Howell. Aye, well, I can't be spoilin' the new hat I have, that I cannot. A finer beaver there has never been in my shop. [He takes off the handkerchief, hangs it where the heat of the fire will dry it a bit, and then, removing the beaver, shows it to Vavasour, turning it this way and that.]

Vavasour [absent-mindedly]. Aye, grand, grand, man!

Howell Howell. What are ye gazin' at the clock for?

Vavasour [guiltily]. I'm no lookin' at anything.

Howell Howell. Well, indeed, I must be goin', or I shall be late at Pally Hughes's. Good-night.

Vavasour. Good-night. [He closes the door and stands before the clock, studying it. While he is studying its face the door opens slowly, and the tumbled, curly head of a lad about eighteen years of age peers in. The door continues slowly to open. Vavasour unconscious all the while.] 'Tis ten now. Ten, eleven, twelve; that's three hours left, 'tis; nay, nay, 'tis only two hours left, after all, an' then—

Eilir Morris [bounding in and shutting the door behind him with a bang]. Boo! Whoo—o—o!

Vavasour [his face blanched, dropping limply on to the settle]. The devil!

Eilir Morris [troubled]. Uch, the pity, Uncle! I didn't think, an' ye're ill!

Vavasour. Tut, tut, 'tis no matter, an' I'm not ill—not ill at all, but Eilir, lad, ye're kin, an'—could ye promise never to tell?

Eilir Morris [who thinks his uncle has been drinking, speaks to him as if he would humor his whim]. Aye, Uncle, I'm kin, an' I promise. Tell on. What is it? Are ye sick?

Vavasour [drearily]. Uch, lad, I'm not sick!

Eilir Morris. Well, what ails ye?

Vavasour. 'Tis Allhallows' Eve an'—

Eilir Morris. Aren't ye goin' to Pally Hughes's?

Vavasour [moaning and rising]. Ow, the devil, goin' to Pally Hughes's while 'tis drawin' nearer an' nearer an'—Ow! 'Tis the night when Catherine must go.

Eilir Morris. When Aunt Kats must go! What do you mean?

Vavasour. She'll be dead to-night at twelve.

Eilir Morris [bewildered]. Dead at twelve? But she's at Pally Hughes's. Does she know it?

Vavasour. No, but I do, an' to think I've been unkind to her! I've tried this year to make up for it, but 'tis no use, lad; one year'll never make up for ten of harsh words, whatever. Ow! [Groaning, Vavasour collapses on to the settle and rocks to and fro, moaning aloud.]

Eilir Morris [mystified]. Well, ye've not been good to her, Uncle, that's certain; but ye've been different the past year.

Vavasour [sobbing]. Aye, but a year'll not do any good, an' she'll be dyin' at twelve to-night. Ow! I've turned to the scriptures to see what it says about a man an' his wife, but it'll no do, no do, no do!

Eilir Morris. Have ye been drinkin', Uncle?

Vavasour [hotly]. Drinkin'!

Eilir Morris. Well, indeed, no harm, but, Uncle, I cannot understand why Aunt Kats's goin' an' where.

Vavasour [rising suddenly from the settle and seizing Eilir by the coat lapel]. She's goin' to leave me, lad; 'tis Allhallows' Eve whatever! An' she'll be dyin' at twelve. Aye, a year ago things were so bad between us, on Allhallows' Eve I went down to the church porch shortly before midnight to see whether the spirit of your Aunt Kats would be called an'—

Eilir Morris. Uncle, 'twas fair killin' her!

Vavasour. I wanted to see whether she would live the twelve months out. An' as I was leanin' against the church wall, hopin', aye, lad, prayin' to see her spirit there, an' know she'd die, I saw somethin' comin' 'round the corner with white over its head.

Eilir Morris [wailing]. Ow—w!

Vavasour. It drew nearer an' nearer, an' when it came in full view of the church porch, it paused, it whirled around like that, an' sped away with the shroud flappin' about its feet, an' the rain beatin' down on its white hood.

Eilir Morris [wailing again]. Ow—w!

Vavasour. But there was time to see that it was the spirit of Catherine, an' I was glad because my wicked prayer had been answered, an' because with Catherine dyin' the next Allhallows', we'd have to live together only the year out.

Eilir Morris [raising his hand]. Hush, what's that?

Vavasour. 'Tis voices whatever. [Both listen, Eilir goes to the window, Vavasour to the door. The voices become louder.]

Eilir Morris. They're singin' a song at Pally Hughes's. [Voices are audibly singing:]

Ni awn adre bawb dan ganu,
Ar hyd y nos;
Saif ein hiaith safo Cymru,
Ar hyd y nos;
Bydded undeb a brawdgarwch
Ini'n gwlwm diogelwch,
Felly canwn er hyfrydwch,
Ar hyd y nos.

Sweetly sang beside a fountain,
All through the night,
Mona's maiden on that mountain,
All through the night.
When wilt thou, from war returning,
In whose breast true love is burning,
Come and change to joy my mourning,
By day and night?

Vavasour. Aye, they're happy, an' Kats does not know. I went home that night, lad, thinkin' 'twas the last year we'd have to live together, an', considerin' as 'twas the last year, I might just as well try to be decent an' kind. An' when I reached home, Catherine was up waitin' for me an' spoke so pleasantly, an' we sat down an' had a long talk—just like the days when we were courtin'.

Eilir Morris. Did she know, Uncle?

Vavasour [puzzled]. Nay, how could she know. But she seems queer,—as if she felt the evil comin'. Well, indeed, each day was sweeter than the one before, an' we were man an' wife in love an' kindness at last, but all the while I was thinkin' of that figure by the churchyard. Lad, lad, ye'll be marryin' before long,—be good to her, lad, be good to her! [Vavasour lets go the lapels of Eilir's coat and sinks back on to the settle, half sobbing. Outside the roar of wind and rain growing louder can be heard.]

Vavasour [looking at the clock]. An' here 'tis Allhallows' Eve again, an' the best year of my life is past, an' she must die in an hour an' a half. Ow, ow! It has all come from my own evil heart an' evil wish. Think, lad, prayin' for her callin'; aye, goin' there, hopin' ye'd see her spirit, an' countin' on her death!

Eilir Morris [mournfully]. Aye, Uncle, 'tis bad, an' I've no word to say to ye for comfort. I recollect well the story Granny used to tell about Christmas Pryce; 'twas somethin' the same whatever. An' there was Betty Williams was called a year ago, an' is dead now; an' there was Silvan Griffith, an' Geffery, his friend, an' Silvan had just time to dig Geffery's grave an' then his own, too, by its side, an' they was buried the same day an' hour.

Vavasour [wailing]. Ow—w—w! [At that moment the door is blown violently open by the wind; both men jump and stare out into the dark where only the dimmed lights of the rain-swept street are to be seen, and the very bright windows of Pally Hughes's cottage.]

Eilir Morris. Uch, she'll be taken there!

Vavasour. Aye, an', Eilir, she was loath to go to Pally's, but I could not tell her the truth.

Eilir Morris. Are ye not goin', Uncle?

Vavasour. Nay, lad, I cannot go. I'm fair crazy. I'll just be stayin' home, waitin' for them to bring her back. Ow—w—w!

Eilir Morris. Tut, tut, Uncle, I'm sorry. I'll just see for ye what they're doin'. [Eilir steps out and is gone for an instant. He comes back excitedly.]

Vavasour [shouting after him]. Can ye see her, lad?

Eilir Morris [returning]. Dear, they've a grand display, raisins an' buns, an' spices an' biscuits—

Vavasour. But your Aunt Kats?

Eilir Morris. Aye, an' a grand fire, an' a tub with apples in it an'—

Vavasour. But Catherine?

Eilir Morris. Aye, she was there near the fire, an' just as I turned, they blew the lights out.

Vavasour. Blew the lights out! Uch, she'll be taken there whatever!

Eilir Morris. They're tellin' stories in the dark.

Vavasour. Go back again an' tell what ye can see of your Aunt Kats, lad.

Eilir Morris. Aye.

Vavasour [shouting after him]. Find where she's sittin', lad—make certain of that.

Eilir Morris [running in breathless]. They're throwin' nuts on the fire—

Vavasour. Is she there?

Eilir Morris. I'm thinkin' she is, but old Pally Hughes was just throwin' a nut on the fire an'—

Vavasour [impatiently]. 'Tis no matter about Pally Hughes whatever, but your Aunt Kats, did—

Eilir Morris. There was only the light of the fire; I did not see her, but I'll go again.

Vavasour. Watch for her nut an' see does it burn brightly.

Eilir Morris [going out]. Aye.

Vavasour [calling after]. Mind, I'm wantin' to know what she's doin'. [He has scarcely spoken the last word when a great commotion is heard: a door across the street being slammed to violently, and the sound of running feet. Vavasour straightens up, his eyes in terror on the door, which Catherine Jones throws open and bursts through.]

Vavasour [holding out his arms]. Catherine, is it really ye! [Catherine, after a searching glance at him, draws herself up. Vavasour draws himself up, too, and then stoops to pick up some peat which he puts on the fire, and crosses over to left and sits down on the settle near the chimney, without having embraced her. Catherine's face is flushed, her eyes wild under the pretty white cap she wears, a black Welsh beaver above it. She is dressed in a scarlet cloak, under this a tight bodice and short, full skirt, bright stockings, and clogs with brass tips. Her apron is of heavy linen, striped; over her breast a kerchief is crossed, and from the elbows down to the wrist are full white sleeves stiffly starched.]

Catherine. Yiss, yiss, 'twas dull at Pally's—very dull. My nut didn't burn very brightly, an'—an'—well, indeed, my feet was wet, an' I feared takin' a cold.

Vavasour. Yiss, yiss, 'tis better for ye here, dearie. [Then there is silence between them. Catherine still breathes heavily from the running, and Vavasour shuffles his feet. While they are both sitting there, unable to say a word, the door opens without a sound, and Eilir's curly head is thrust in. A guttural exclamation from him makes them start and look towards the door, but he closes it before they can see him. Catherine then takes off her beaver and looks at Vavasour. Vavasour opens his mouth, shuts it, and opens it again.]

Vavasour [desperately]. Did ye have a fine time at Pally's?

Catherine. Aye, 'twas gay an' fine an'—an'—yiss, yiss, so 'twas an' so 'twasn't.

Vavasour [his eyes seeking the clock]. A quarter past eleven, uch! Katy, do ye recall Pastor Evan's sermon, the one he preached last New Year?

Catherine [also glancing at the clock]. Sixteen minutes after eleven—yiss—yiss—

Vavasour [catching Catherine's glance at the clock]. Well, Catherine, do—

Catherine. Yiss, yiss, I said I did whatever. 'Twas about inheritin' the grace of life together.

Vavasour. Kats, dear, wasn't he sayin' that love is eternal, an' that—a man—an'—an'—his wife was lovin' for—for—

Catherine [glancing at the clock and meeting Vavasour's eyes just glancing away from the clock]. Aye, lad, for ever-lastin' life! Uch, what have I done?

Vavasour [unheeding and doubling up as if from pain]. Half after eleven! Yiss, yiss, dear, didn't he say that the Lord was mindful of us—of our difficulties, an' our temptations an' our mistakes?

Catherine [tragically]. Aye, an' our mistakes. Ow, ow, ow, but a half hour's left!

Vavasour. Do ye think, dearie, that if a man were to—to—uch!—be unkind to his wife—an' was sorry an' his wife—his wife dies, that he'd be—be—

Catherine [tenderly]. Aye, I'm thinkin' so. An', lad dear, do ye think if anythin' was to happen to ye to-night,—yiss, this night,—that ye'd take any grudge against me away with ye?

Vavasour [stiffening]. Happen to me, Catherine? [Vavasour collapses, groaning. Catherine goes to his side on the settle.]

Catherine [in an agonized voice]. Uch, dearie, what is it, what is it, what ails ye?

Vavasour [slanting an eye at the clock]. Nothin', nothin' at all. Ow, the devil, 'tis twenty minutes before twelve whatever!

Catherine. Lad, lad, what is it?

Vavasour. 'Tis nothin', nothin' at all—'tis—ow!—'tis just a little pain across me.

Catherine [her face whitening as she steals a look at the clock and puts her arm around Vavasour]. Vavasour, lad dear, is that the wind in the chimney? Put your arm about me an' hold fast.

Vavasour [both hands across his stomach, his eyes on the clock]. Ow—ten minutes!

Catherine [shaking all over]. Is that a step at the door?

Vavasour [unheeding].'Tis goin' to strike now in a minute.

Catherine [her eyes in horror on the clock]. Five minutes before twelve!

Vavasour [almost crying, his eyes fixed on the clock's face]. Uch, the toad, the serpent!

Catherine [her face in her hands]. Dear God, he's goin' now!

Vavasour [covering his eyes]. Uch, the devil! Uch, the gates of hell! [Catherine cries out. Vavasour groans loudly. The clock is striking: One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve! The last loud clang vibrates and subsides. Through a chink in her fingers Catherine is peering at Vavasour. Through a similar chink his agonized eyes are peering at her.]

Catherine [gulping]. Uch!

Vavasour. The devil!

Catherine [putting out her hand to touch him]. Lad, dear! [They embrace, they kiss, they dance madly about. Then they do it all over again. While they are doing this, Eilir opens the door again and thrusts in his head. He stares open-eyed, open-mouthed at them, and leans around the side of the door to see what time it is, saying audibly "five minutes past twelve," grunts his satisfaction, and closes the door.]

Vavasour [mad with joy]. Kats, are ye here, really here?

Catherine [surprised]. Am I here? Tut, lad, are ye here?

Vavasour [shrewdly]. Yiss, that is are we both here?

Catherine [perplexed]. Did ye think I wasn't goin' to be?

Vavasour [suppressed intelligent joy in his eyes]. No—o, not that, only I thought, I thought ye was goin' to—to—faint, Kats. I thought ye looked like it, Kats.

Catherine [the happiness on her face vanishing, sinks on to the nearest settle]. Uch, I'm a bad, bad woman, aye, Vavasour Jones, a bad woman!

Vavasour [puzzled, yet lightly]. Nay, Kats, nay!

Catherine [desperately and almost in tears]. Ye cannot believe what I must tell ye. Lad, a year ago this night I went to the church porch, hopin', aye, prayin', ye'd be called, that I'd see your spirit walkin'.

Vavasour [starting and recovering himself]. Catherine, ye did that!

Catherine [plunging on with her confession]. Aye, lad, I did, I'd been so unhappy with the quarrelin' an' hard words. I could think of nothin' but gettin' rid of them.

Vavasour [in a tone of condemnation and standing over her]. That was bad, very bad indeed!

Catherine. An' then, lad, when I reached the church corner an' saw your spirit was really there, really called, an' I knew ye'd not live the year out, I was frightened, but uch! lad, I was glad, I was indeed.

Vavasour [looking grave]. Catherine, 'twas a terrible thing to do!

Catherine [meekly]. Yiss, I know it now, but I didn't then. I was hard-hearted, an' I was weak with longin' to escape from it all. An' when I ran home I was frightened, but uch! lad, I was glad, too, an' now it hurts me so to think of it. Can you no comfort me?

Vavasour [grudgingly, but not touching Catherine's outstretched hand]. Aye, well, I could, but, Kats, 'twas such a terrible thing to do!

Catherine. Yiss, yiss, ye'll never be able to forgive me, I'm thinkin'. An' then when ye came in from the lodge, ye spoke so pleasantly to me that I was troubled. An' now the year through it has grown better an' better, an' I could think of nothin' but lovin' ye, an' wishing' ye to live, an' knowin' I was the cause of your bein' called. Uch, lad, can ye forgive me?

Vavasour [slowly]. Aye, I can, none of us is without sin; but, Catherine, it was wrong, aye, aye, 'twas a wicked thing for a woman to do.

Catherine [still more meekly]. An' then to-night, lad, I was expectin' ye to go, knowin' ye couldn't live after twelve, an' ye sittin' there so innocent an' mournful. An' when the time came, I wanted to die myself. Uch!

Vavasour [sitting down beside her and putting an arm about her as he speaks in a superior tone of voice]. No matter, dearie, now. It was wrong in ye, but we're still here, an' it's been a sweet year, yiss, better nor a honeymoon, an' all the years after we'll make better nor this. There, there, Kats, let's have a bit of a wassail to celebrate our Allhallows' honeymoon, shall we?

Catherine [starting to fetch a bowl]. Yiss, lad, 'twould be fine, but, Vavasour, can ye forgive me, think, lad, for hopin', aye, an' prayin' to see your spirit called, just wishin' that ye'd not live the year out?

Vavasour [with condescension]. Kats, I can, an' I'm not layin' it up against ye, though 'twas a wicked thing for ye to do—for anyone to do. Now, darlin', fetch the bowl.

Catherine [starting for the bowl again but turning on him]. Vavasour, how does it happen that the callin' is set aside, an' that ye're really here? Such a thing has not been in Beddgelert in the memory of man.

Vavasour [with dignity]. I'm not sayin' how it's happened, Kats, but I'm thinkin' 'tis modern times whatever, an' things have changed—aye, indeed, 'tis modern times.

Catherine [sighing contentedly]. Good! 'Tis lucky 'tis modern times whatever!

[THE CURTAIN.]

RIDERS TO THE SEA[41]
By
JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE

"He was of a dark type of Irishman, though not black-haired. Something in his air gave one the fancy that his face was dark from gravity. Gravity filled the face and haunted it, as though the man behind were forever listening to life's case before passing judgment.... When someone spoke to him he answered with grave Irish courtesy. When the talk became general he was silent.... His manner was that of a man too much interested in the life about him to wish to be more than a spectator. His interest was in life, not in ideas." In these words, John Masefield gives his first impressions of John Millington Synge, whom he met at a friend's house, in London, in January, 1903.

Synge, born April 16, 1871, at Newton Little, near Dublin, and dying in Dublin, March 24, 1909, belongs to that group of "inheritors of unfulfilled renown" who died before the prime of life was reached. He left six plays, notable the Riders to the Sea and Deirdre of the Sorrows, that are among the greatest in our language. He was delicate from the beginning, and after some education in private schools in Dublin and Bray, left school when about fourteen and studied with a tutor. In 1892 he took his B.A. degree from Trinity College, Dublin, whose rolls contain a number of names famous in English literature. While at college, he studied music at the Royal Irish Academy of Music, where he won a scholarship. His first impulse was to make music his career, and he spent portions of the next four years in Germany, France, and Italy studying music and traveling. In May, 1898, he first went to the Aran Islands, later to be the scene of Riders to the Sea. Thereafter in Paris in 1899 he met Yeats, who advised him to go back to the Aran Islands to renew his contact with the simple folk there. For the next three years he divided his time between Paris and Ireland. It was in 1904 that his play, Riders to the Sea,[42] was first produced. He was at Dublin that same year for the opening of the Abbey Theatre, of which he was one of the advisers. Whenever the Irish Players visited England, he traveled with them. In 1909 came the operation that ended his life.

Synge's book, The Aran Islands, which is a record of his various visits to these three islands lying about thirty miles off the coast of County Galway, is full of material that throws light on the setting and characterization of Riders to the Sea. The central incident in this play was suggested to Synge while he was sojourning on Inishmaan, the middle island of the Aran group, by a tale that he heard of a man whose body had been washed up on a distant coast, and who had been identified as belonging to the Islands, because of his characteristic garments. When on Inishmaan, Synge himself lived in just such a cottage as that which is the background for the tragedy of Maurya's sons. He wrote of this cottage, "The kitchen itself, where I will spend most of my time, is full of beauty and distinction. The red dresses of the women who cluster round the fire on their stools give a glow of almost Eastern richness, and the walls have been toned by the surf-smoke to a soft brown that blends with the gray earth-color of the floor. Many sorts of fishing-tackle, and the nets and oilskins of the men, are hung up on the walls or among the open rafters." And the following passage from his Aran Islands is an eloquent description of the atmosphere there: "A week of smoking fog has passed over and given me a strange sense of exile and desolation. I walk round the island nearly every day, yet I can see nothing anywhere but a mass of wet rock, a strip of surf, and then a tumult of waves.

"The slaty limestone has grown black with the water that is dripping on it, and wherever I turn there is the same gray obsession twining and wreathing itself among the narrow fields, and the same wail from the wind that shrieks and whistles in the loose rubble of the walls."

Mr. Masefield, in his recollections of Synge, reports also the following conversation between himself and the Irish playwright: Synge saying, "They [the islanders] asked me to fiddle to them so that they might dance," and Mr. Masefield asking, "Do you play, then?" and Synge answering, "I fiddle a little. I try to learn something different for them every time. The last time I learned to do conjuring tricks. They'd get tired of me if I didn't bring something new. I'm thinking of learning the penny whistle before I go again." A later visitor[43] to the Aran Islands, Miss B. N. Hedderman, a district nurse, gives further evidences of the simplicity of those people from whom the characters of Riders to the Sea were drawn. She tells of a man who owned a house with two comfortable rooms in it, one of which he leveled ruthlessly because he had dreamed that it hindered the passage of the "good people." The illustrations in her little book showing cottage interiors and peasant costumes will be found useful by groups who are planning to produce Riders to the Sea. But the best guide to the costumes and social life of the West of Ireland is J. B. Yeats.[44]

The Drama Calendar of December 13, 1920, offers the following suggestion for a musical setting for the play: "The attention of Little Theatre directors is called to a musical prelude to Synge's Riders to the Sea, arranged by Henry F. Gilbert from the Symphonic Prologue, which was played at the Worcester Musical Festival this fall. This original arrangement of the material is intended to build the mood which the play sustains, and is simply orchestrated for seven instruments. Every Little Theatre should be able to gather such an orchestra. Here is an opportunity to give continuity to a program of one-acts; music answers a question which is one of the hardest the director has to solve: how a mood which is to be created and sustained in the brief space of twenty minutes shall not be too fleeting."

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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