[1] Wisconsin Statutes, Section 1728 p., Laws of 1911.

[2] Report of Interdepartmental Committee on the Employment of Children during School Age in Ireland, 1902, Minutes of Evidence, Q. 71. Cf. also Great Britain—Employment of Children Act, 1903, Section 13.

[3] The Newsboy, Pittsburgh, April, 1909.

[4] Great Britain—Report of Interdepartmental Committee on Employment of School Children, 1901, pp. 18, 19.

[5] Scott Nearing, "The Newsboy at Night in Philadelphia," Charities and The Commons, February 2, 1906.

[6] "The Child in the City," Handbook of Chicago Child Welfare Exhibit, 1911, p. 25.

[7] "A Plea to Take the Small Boy and Girl from the City Streets," a folder issued by Chicago Board of Education and a committee representing local organizations, 1911.

[8] Pamphlet 114 of National Child Labor Committee, p. 8.

[9] Elizabeth C. Watson, "New York Newsboys and their Work," 1911.

[10] The Survey, April 22, 1911, p. 138.

[11] "Studies of Boy Life in Our Cities (England)," edited by E. J. Urwick, 1904, p. 296.

[12] Report of Interdepartmental Committee on the Employment of Children during School Age in Ireland, 1902, p. vii.

[13] Twelfth Census of United States, Vol. II, Population, Part II, p. 506.

[14] Twelfth Census of United States, Special Reports, Occupations, 1904, pp. xxiv, cxxxiii.

[15] Idem, pp. xxiii, cxxxiii.

[16] Twelfth Census of United States, 1900, Vol. VII, p. cxxv.

[17] Instructions to Enumerators, Thirteenth Census of the United States, pp. 32-34.

[18] These tables were copied from charts displayed at the Chicago Child Welfare Exhibit, May, 1911.

[19] "The Child in the City," Handbook of the Child Welfare Exhibit, Chicago, May 11-25, 1911, p. 25.

[20] Idem, p. 25.

[21] "The Social Evil in Chicago," by the Vice Commission of Chicago, 1911, pp. 241-242.

[22] "A Plea to take the Small Boy and the Girl from the City Streets," by the Chicago Board of Education and a committee representing local organizations, 1911.

[23] Elizabeth C. Watson, "New York Newsboys and their Work," 1911.

[24] Abstract of Immigration Commission's Report on the Greek Padrone System in the United States, 1911, p. 9.

[25] A more detailed presentation of this matter will be found in Chapter IV.

[26] Immigration Commission's Report, p. 9.

[27] Elementary Schools (Children working for Wages), House of Commons Papers, 1899, No. 205, p. 17.

[28] Idem, p. 21.

[29] Idem, p. 17.

[30] Elementary Schools (Children working for Wages), House of Commons Papers, 1899, No. 205, p. 25.

[31] Great Britain, Report of Interdepartmental Committee on Employment of School Children, 1901, p. 8.

[32] Idem, p. 9.

[115] Idem, p. 59.

[116] "Juvenile Delinquency and its Relation to Employment," Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, Senate Document No. 645, 61st Congress, 2d Session, p. 62.

[117] Idem, p. 69.

[118] Idem, p. 71.

[119] "Juvenile Delinquency and its Relation to Employment," Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, Senate Document No. 645, 61st Congress, 2d Session, p. 73.

[120] Idem, p. 84.

[121] "Juvenile Delinquency and its Relation to Employment," Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, Senate Document No. 645, 61st Congress, 2d Session, p. 86.

[122] Idem, p. 87.

[123] Idem, p. 90.

[124] "Juvenile Delinquency and its Relation to Employment," Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, Senate Document No. 645, 61st Congress, 2d Session, p. 91.

[125] Idem, p. 92.

[126] "Juvenile Delinquency and its Relation to Employment," Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, Senate Document No. 645, 61st Congress, 2d Session, p. 105.

[127] Includes 17 in bowling alleys and pool rooms and 23 in theaters and other places of amusement.

[128] Includes 2 in boarding houses, 26 home workers (precise character of work not specified), 10 in restaurants, and 12 in private families.

[129] Includes 26 bootblacks and 320 newsboys.

[130] "Juvenile Delinquency and its Relation to Employment," Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, Senate Document No. 645, 61st Congress, 2d Session, p. 106.

[131] Idem, pp. 106-107.

[132] "Juvenile Delinquency and its Relation to Employment," Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, Senate Document No. 645, 61st Congress, 2d Session, p. 108.

[133] Idem, pp. 116-117.

[134] Idem, p. 134.

[135] Davis Wasgatt Clark, "American Child and Moloch of To-day," 1907, p. 40.

[136] George B. Mangold, "Child Problems," 1910, p. 232.

[137] James A. Britton, M.D., "Child Labor and the Juvenile Court," Pamphlet 95 of National Child Labor Committee, 1909.

[138] Vol. VIII of Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, 1911, p. 22.

[139] E. J. Urwick, "Studies of Boy Life in Our Cities (England)," 1904, p. 304.

[140] Bulletin 81, United States Bureau of Labor, p. 416.

[141] Great Britain, Report of Departmental Committee on the Employment of Children Act, 1903, submitted in 1910, p. 9.

[142] "A Plea to take the Small Boy and the Girl from the City Streets," by the Chicago Board of Education and a committee representing local organizations, 1911.

[143] Report on Bylaws made by London County Council under Employment of Children Act, 1903, by Chester Jones, 1906, pp. 24-27.

[144] Great Britain, Report of Interdepartmental Committee on Employment of School Children, 1901, App. 33, p. 403.