Life and Writings of Arrian

Arrian’s Preface

I. Death of Philip and Accession of Alexander.—His Wars with the Thracians

II. Battle with the Triballians

III. Alexander at the Danube and in the Country of the Getae

IV. Alexander destroys the City of the Getae.—The Ambassadors of the Celts

V. Revolt of Clitus and Glaucias

VI. Defeat of Clitus and Glaucias

VII. Revolt of Thebes (September, B.C. 335)

VIII. Fall of Thebes

IX. Destruction of Thebes

X. Alexander’s Dealings with Athens

XI. Alexander crosses the Hellespont and visits Troy

XII. Alexander at the Tomb of Achilles.—Memnon’s advice Rejected by the Persian Generals

XIII. Battle of the Granicus (B.C. 334)

XIV. Arrangement of the Hostile Armies

XV. Description of the Battle of the Granicus

XVI. Defeat of the Persians.—Loss on Both Sides

XVII. Alexander in Sardis and Ephesus

XVIII. Alexander marches to Miletus and Occupies the Island of Lade

XIX. Siege and Capture of Miletus

XX. Siege of Halicarnassus.—Abortive Attack on Myndus

viiiXXI. Siege of Halicarnassus

XXII. Siege of Halicarnassus

XXIII. Destruction of Halicarnassus.—Ada, Queen of Caria

XXIV. Alexander in Lycia and Pamphylia

XXV. Treason of Alexander, Son of AËropus

XXVI. Alexander in Pamphylia.—Capture of Aspendus and Side

XXVII. Alexander in Phrygia and Pisidia

XXVIII. Operations in Pisidia

XXIX. Alexander in Phrygia

I. Capture of Mitylene by the Persians.—Death of Memnon

II. The Persians capture Tenedus.—They are Defeated at Sea

III. Alexander at Gordium

IV. Conquest of Cappadocia.—Alexander’s Illness at Tarsus

V. Alexander at the Tomb of Sardanapalus.—Proceedings in Cilicia

VI. Alexander advances to Myriandrus.—Darius Marches against him

VII. Darius at Issus.—Alexander’s Speech to his Army

VIII. Arrangement of the Hostile Armies

IX. Alexander changes the Disposition of his Forces

X. Battle of Issus

XI. Defeat and Flight of Darius

XII. Kind Treatment of Darius’s Family

XIII. Flight of Macedonian Deserters into Egypt.—Proceedings of Agis, King of Sparta.—Alexander occupies Phoenicia

XIV. Darius’s Letter, and Alexander’s Reply

XV. Alexander’s Treatment of the Captured Greek Ambassadors.—Submission of Byblus and Sidon

XVI. The Worship of Hercules in Tyre.—The Tyrians refuse to admit Alexander

XVII. Speech of Alexander to his Officers

XVIII. Siege of Tyre.—Construction of a Mole from the Mainland to the Island

XIX. The Siege of Tyre

XX. Tyre Besieged by Sea as well as Land

ixXXI. Siege of Tyre

XXII. Siege of Tyre.—Naval Defeat of the Tyrians

XXIII. Siege of Tyre

XXIV. Capture of Tyre

XXV. The Offers of Darius rejected.—Batis, Governor of Gaza, refuses to Submit

XXVI. Siege of Gaza

XXVII. Capture of Gaza

I. Conquest of Egypt.—Foundation of Alexandria

II. Foundation of Alexandria.—Events in the Aegean

III. Alexander visits the Temple of Ammon

IV. The Oasis of Ammon

V. Settlement of the Affairs of Egypt

VI. March into Syria.—Alexander’s Kindness to Harpalus and his other early Adherents

VII. Passage of the Euphrates and Tigris

VIII. Description of Darius’s Army at Arbela

IX. Alexander’s Tactics.—His Speech to the Officers

X. Rejection of Parmenio’s Advice

XI. Tactics of the Opposing Generals

XII. Alexander’s Tactics

XIII. The Battle of Arbela

XIV. Battle of Arbela.—Flight of Darius

XV. Defeat of the Persians and Pursuit of Darius

XVI. Escape of Darius into Media.—March of Alexander to Babylon and Susa

XVII. Subjugation of the Uxians

XVIII. Defeat of Ariobarzanes and Capture of Persepolis

XIX. Darius pursued into Media and Parthia

XX. March through the Caspian Gates

XXI. Darius is Assassinated by Bessus

XXII. Reflections on the Fate of Darius

XXIII. Expedition into Hyrcania

XXIV. Expedition against the Mardians

XXV. March to Bactra.—Bessus aided by Satibarzanes

XXVI. Philotas and Parmenio put to Death

XXVII. Treatment of Amyntas.—The Ariaspians

xXXVIII. Alexander crosses the Hindu-Koosh

XXIX. Conquest of Bactria, and Pursuit of Bessus across the Oxus

XXX. Capture of Bessus.—Exploits in Sogdiana

I. Rebellion of the Sogdianians

II. Capture of Five Cities in Two Days

III. Storming of Cyropolis.—Revolt of the Scythians

IV. Defeat of the Scythians beyond the Tanais

V. Spitamenes destroys a Macedonian Detachment

VI. Spitamenes driven into the Desert

VII. Treatment of Bessus

VIII. The Murder of Clitus

IX. Alexander’s grief for Clitus

X. Dispute between Callisthenes and Anaxarchus

XI. Callisthenes Opposes the Proposal to honour Alexander by Prostration

XII. Callisthenes refuses to Prostrate himself

XIII. Conspiracy of the Pages

XIV. Execution of Callisthenes and HermolaÜs

XV. Alliance with the Scythians and Chorasmians

XVI. Subjugation of Sogdiana.—Revolt of Spitamenes

XVII. Defeat and Death of Spitamenes

XVIII. Oxyartes Besieged in the Sogdian Rock

XIX. Alexander Captures the Rock and Marries Roxana

XX. Magnanimous Treatment of the Family of Darius

XXI. Capture of the Rock of Chorienes

XXII. Alexander reaches the River Cabul, and Receives the Homage of Taxiles

XXIII. Battles with the Aspasians

XXIV. Operations against the Aspasians

XXV. Defeat of the Aspasians.—The Assacenians and Guraeans Attacked

XXVI. Siege of Massaga

XXVII. Sieges of Massaga and Ora

XXVIII. Capture of Bazira.—Advance to the Rock of Aornus

XXIX. Siege of Aornus

xiXXX. Capture of Aornus.—Arrival at the Indus

I. Alexander at Nysa

II. Alexander at Nysa

III. Incredulity of Eratosthenes.—Passage of the Indus

IV. Digression about India

V. Mountains and Rivers of Asia

VI. General Description of India

VII. Method of Bridging Rivers

VIII. March from the Indus to the Hydaspes

IX. Porus obstructs Alexander’s Passage

X. Alexander and Porus at the Hydaspes

XI. Alexander’s Stratagem to get across

XII. Passage of the Hydaspes

XIII. Passage of the Hydaspes

XIV. The Battle at the Hydaspes

XV. Arrangements of Porus

XVI. Alexander’s Tactics

XVII. Defeat of Porus

XVIII. Losses of the Combatants.—Porus Surrenders

XIX. Alliance with Porus.—Death of Bucephalas

XX. Conquest of the Glausians.—Embassy from Abisares.—Passage of the Acesines

XXI. Advance beyond the Hydraotes

XXII. Invasion of the Land of the Cathaeans

XXIII. Assault upon Sangala

XXIV. Capture of Sangala

XXV. The Army refuses to Advance.—Alexander’s Speech to the Officers

XXVI. Alexander’s Speech (continued)

XXVII. The Answer of Coenus

XXVIII. Alexander resolves to Return

XXIX. Alexander recrosses the Hydraotes and Acesines

I. Preparations for a Voyage down the Indus

II. Voyage down the Hydaspes

III. Voyage down the Hydaspes (continued)

IV. Voyage down the Hydaspes into the Acesines

V. Voyage down the Acesines

xiiVI. Campaign against the Mallians

VII. Campaign against the Mallians (continued)

VIII. Defeat of the Mallians at the river Hydraotes

IX. Storming of the Mallian Stronghold

X. Alexander dangerously Wounded

XI. Alexander Wounded

XII. Anxiety of the Soldiers about Alexander

XIII. Joy of the Soldiers at Alexander’s Recovery

XIV. Voyage down the Hydraotes and Acesines into the Indus

XV. Voyage down the Indus to the Land of Musicanus

XVI. Campaign against Oxycanus and Sambus

XVII. Musicanus Executed.—Capture of Patala

XVIII. Voyage down the Indus

XIX. Voyage down the Indus into the Sea

XX. Exploration of the Mouths of the Indus

XXI. Campaign against the Oritians

XXII. March through the Desert of Gadrosia

XXIII. March through the Desert of Gadrosia

XXIV. March through Gadrosia

XXV. Sufferings of the Army

XXVI. Alexander’s Magnanimous Conduct

XXVII. March through Carmania.—Punishment of Viceroys

XXVIII. Alexander in Carmania

XXIX. Alexander in Persis.—Tomb of Cyrus Repaired

XXX. Peucestas appointed Viceroy of Persis

I. Alexander’s Plans.—The Indian Philosophers

II. Alexander’s Dealings with the Indian Sages

III. Self-sacrifice of the Indian Calanus

IV. Marriages between Macedonians and Persians

V. The Soldiers Rewarded

VI. An Army of Asiatics Trained under the Macedonian Discipline

VII. Navigation of the Tigres

VIII. The Macedonians Offended at Alexander

IX. Alexander’s Speech

X. Alexander’s Speech (continued)

xiiiXI. Reconciliation between Alexander and his Army

XII. Ten Thousand Macedonians sent Home with Craterus.—Disputes between Antipater and Olympias

XIII. The Nisaean Plain.—The Amazons

XIV. Death of Hephaestion

XV. Subjugation of the Cossaeans.—Embassies from Distant Nations

XVI. Exploration of the Caspian.—The Chaldaean Soothsayers

XVII. The Advice of the Chaldees rejected

XVIII. Predictions of Alexander’s Death

XIX. Embassies from Greece.—Fleet prepared for Invading Arabia

XX. Description of Arabia.—Voyage of Nearchus

XXI. Description of the Euphrates and the Pallacopas

XXII. An Omen of Alexander’s Approaching Death

XXIII. The Army Recruited from the Persians.—Hephaestion’s Memory Honoured

XXIV. Another Omen of Alexander’s Death

XXV. Alexander Seized with Fever

XXVI. Alexander’s Death

XXVII. Rumour that Alexander was Poisoned

XXVIII. Character of Alexander

XXIX. Apology for Alexander’s Errors

XXX. Eulogy of Alexander

Index of Proper Names