INDEX

Absolutism, evils of, 203
Adams, Abigail, Jefferson shops for, 160;
the "New England Juno", 323;
and Jefferson, 382, 383, 386, 518, 519
Adams, Henry, his criticism of Jefferson's conduct of foreign affairs, 409, 440, 441, 453, 459, 460, 464
Adams, John, Jefferson's correspondence with, 23, 482, 490, 503, 512, 517, 521, 526, 529;
his first impression of Jefferson, 59;
on committee of Continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62;
assists in framing resolution instructing colonies to form governments, 66;
his part in Declaration of Independence, 69, 70;
on committee to suggest United States seal, 86;
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of Commerce with foreign nations, 152, 162;
his wines, 160;
in favor of loose association of States, 196;
and the Barbary pirates, 206;
Jefferson gives estimate of, 248;
his quarrel with Jefferson, 259-261;
reËlection of, as Vice-President, 273;
elected President, 319;
attempts reconciliation with Jefferson, 321, 322, 325;
inaugural address, 321, 322;
not a party man or party leader, 323;
a complicated and contradictory figure, 323;
action in XYZ case, 325, 331, 336-338, 348, 355;
nominated for Presidency in 1800, 362;
changes in his Cabinet, 368;
in election of 1800, 367-369;
"midnight" appointments, 373, 374;
refuses to welcome successor, 375;
reconciliation with Jefferson, 518, 519;
his study of religious controversies, 522;
on life, 527
Adams, John Quincy, removed from office by Jefferson, 382, 383
Adams, Samuel, 359, 361
Addison, Judge, deposition of, by Senate of Pennsylvania, 384
Albemarle resolutions, 45-47
Alexander I of Russia, 448
Algiers, 206
Alien Bills, 340, 342-347
Aliens, their right to hold real property denied, 151
Allen, Ethan, declaration concerning, drafted by Jefferson, 65
American civilization, underlying ideas of, 85.
American imperialism, 398-400
American public education, first charter of, 95-100
American Revolution, remonstrance in House of Burgesses, 38;
articles of association directed against British merchandise, 38;
as to causes of, 42;
effect of passage of Boston Port Bill, in Virginia, 43, 44;
proposal to form Congress, 44;
declaration of mutual defence, 45;
resolutions adopted by freeholders of Albemarle County, Va., 45-47;
resolutions adopted by Assembly of Fairfax County, 45-47;
regulation of American commerce, 46;
doctrine of expatriation, 47, 50;
first Continental Congress, 54;
second Continental Congress, 59;
Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition" answered, 62;
independence not at first aimed at, 63-65;
colonies instructed to form governments, 66;
Declaration of Independence, 69-71;
treatment of prisoners in, 109-112.
See also British colonies
Americanism, cardinal principles of, 52, 61;
creed of, formulated by Jefferson, 62, 120;
Jefferson's conception of, when he wrote "Notes on Virginia", 136;
practical idealism a tenet of, 275;
pure, 334, 335;
definition of, 352;
Jefferson's system of, 423, 428, 468

Armstrong, Gen. John, American representative in Paris, 462
Arnold, Benedict, 108
"Arrears of Interest, Report on", Jefferson, 146
Articles of Confederation, discussion of, in Congress, 80;
defects in, 145, 146, 195, 197
"Assumption" of the State debts, 250-255
Aurora, journal, 311, 313, 343, 354
Austin, Benjamin, 491
Bache's Aurora, 311, 313, 343, 356
Balance of power, 476
Bank Bill, Hamilton's, 255-258
Bannister, J. B., Jr., letter to, 172
Barbary pirates, 205-207, 428, 443
BarbÉ-Marbois, secretary of French legation in United States, 118, 414
Bastille, capture of, 235
Bayard, James A., nominated plenipotentiary to French Republic, 373, 374
Bellini, letter to, 173
Berlin Decree, 450
Beveridge, Albert J., his "Life of Marshall", 384, 385, 434
Bill for a General Revision of the Laws, Virginia, 90
Bill for Amending the Charter for William and Mary, 98, 99, 105, 106
Bill for Proportioning Crimes and Punishments, Virginia, 93-95
Bill for Religious Freedom, Virginia, 89, 100-103, 106, 365
Bill for the more General Diffusion of Knowledge, Virginia, 95-99, 105, 505, 508
Bill of Rights, 198-201, 204
Bill on the Naturalization of Foreigners, 89
Bill to Abolish Entails, Virginia, 88, 89
Bingham, Mrs., 160
Bishop, Samuel, appointed collector of New Haven, 381
Blennerhasset, Harman, and the Burr conspiracy, 431, 432
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, his influence on Jefferson, 21, 23, 26, 31
Bollman, and the Burr conspiracy, 432, 433
Bonaparte, his projected invasion of England, 336;
Jefferson's opinion of, 359, 475, 476;
precedent established by, 360
Boston Port Bill, 43
Brazil, 483
Breckenridge, James, on board of visitors of University of Virginia, 509
Breckenridge, John, letters to, 370, 371, 416
British colonies, contractual theory of government of, 45, 46;
regulation of commerce of, 46, 47;
rights of, 48-53.
See also American Revolution
Brunswick, Duke of, defeat, 273
Buchan, Lord, letter to, 444
Budget, presented by Jefferson, 146
Buffon, G. L. L. de, theory of, concerning
animals in America, 121, 122
Burke, "History of Virginia", 12, 515
Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques, quotation from, 73
Burnaby, English tourist, quoted on Virginia colonists, 42
Burr, Col. Aaron, letters to, 332, 354;
nominated for Vice-Presidency (1800), 362;
in the 1800-election, 369-373;
his presence in government an annoyance to Jefferson, 382;
conspiracy, 429-439;
duel with Hamilton, 431
Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, 16, 17
Cabanis, P. J. G., 161;
letter to, 422
Cabell, Joseph C., 507;
on board of visitors of University of Virginia, 509;
letters to, 512
Cabell, Gov. William H., 451
Cabinet, the President's, in Washington's time, 247;
Adams's, 322, 323, 368;
relation to President, 392
Callender, 356, 427;
employed by Jefferson, 361;
Jefferson's interest in, 363;
his pamphlet, "The Prospect Before Us" ("History of the Administration of John Adams"), 382
Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, 178, 182
Calvinism, 522
Canning, George, 453
Capital, of United States, seat of, 252, 253
Capitol, at Washington, the new, question of putting inscription on, 479
Caracas, constitution of, 498
Carleton, Guy, governor of Canada, 111
Carmichael, 198, 211, 226, 263, 276, 288

Carr, Dabney, death, 40, 41
Carr, Peter, 21, 175
Carrington, Edward, letters to, 196, 213, 219
Carthagenes, constitution of, 498
Cary, Col. Archibald, 139
Ceres, sailing-vessel, 153, 159
Champion de CicÉ, Archbishop of Bordeaux, 235
Charlottesville, Va., war prisoners at, 109
Chase, Judge Samuel, impeachment of, 387-389
Chastellux, Chevalier de, friend of Jefferson, 154
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, 451-453
Church, Mrs., 298, 299
Church of England, in Virginia, 90, 103
Cincinnati, Society of the, 152, 306
Clay, Rev. Mr. Charles, subscription for support of, 103-105
Clinton, George, Vice-President, 395, 463, 464
Cocke, J. H., on board of visitors of University of Virginia, 509
Collot, Gen., 402
Colvin, J. B., letter to, 469
ComitÉ du Commerce, 178, 183
Commerce, one of the great causes of war, 83;
Treaty of, 143, 144;
Gallo-American, 181-184;
Report of Jefferson on Privileges and Restrictions of, 302
Commercial monopolies, 151, 152
Commercial treaties, 149-152
Committees of safety, 54
Confederation, Treaty of Commerce, 143, 177-181
Fauquier, Dr., of Floirac, 12
Fauquier, Gov. Francis, his intimacy with Jefferson, 12, 13
Federal Government, prerogatives of, 83
Federalist, the, 200
Federalists, their power broken, 355, 362;
in election of 1800, 367-373, 389;
in Jefferson's administration, 380, 381
Feudal system, abolishment of, in Virginia, 88, 89
Fleming, William, letters to, 78, 79;
on committee on religion, 89
Florida, Western and Eastern, 445, 446
Foster, Dwight, Senator, makes offer to Jefferson, 373
Fox blockade, 450
France, educational system of, 98;
colonizing designs of, feared, 207;

difficulties with, 288, 323-325, 331-342, 440, 447-462.
See also French Revolution
Franklin, Benjamin, on committee of Continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62;
his part in Declaration of Independence, 69, 70;
on committee to suggest United States seal, 86;
elected commissioner to France, 87;
Jefferson's view of, 122;
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce, 152, 162;
interview with Jefferson, 247
Franklin, William Temple, papers entrusted to, by Benjamin Franklin, 247
Free ports, 182
Freedom of speech, 427
Freedom of the press, importance of, 203, 427
Freedom of thought, Jefferson's understanding of, 103
Freeholders, rights of, 52
French constitution, 143
French debt, of United States, 176, 177, 181, 182, 184-193
French Revolution, Declaration of June 23, 1793, 76;
Declaration of May 29, 1793, 82;
Assembly of the Notables, 219-222, 225;
convocation of States-General, 227, 229;
National Assembly, 231, 232;
capture of the Bastille, 235;
defeat of Duke of Brunswick, 273;
becomes international issue, 279;
flight of king, 282;
execution of king, 287
Freneau, Philip, his paper, the National Gazette, 261-263, 269
Fry, Joshua, professor in William and Mary College, 5
Gallatin, Albert, defies excise law, 305;
speech of, 311;
letter to, 480
Gates, Horatio, letters to, 416, 445
Gazette of the United States, attacks Jefferson, 268, 269
Geismer, Baron de, 110, 163
Generations of men, rights of, 234
GenÊt, Citizen Edmond C., the case of, 288-297
Gerry, Elbridge, letters to, 325, 351-353;
appointed envoy extraordinary to France, 333
Ghent, Treaty of, 485
Giles, William B., and Jefferson, 311;
letters to, 307, 309, 436
Gilmer, Francis Walker, and Jefferson, 253;
sent to England to recruit faculty for University of Virginia, 511
"Government by the people", 237
Granger, Gideon, letter to, 363
Great Britain, United States debt to, 186-193;
her hatred of United States, 208, 209;
and France, war between, 288, 440, 447-462;
her navy, policies of, in regard to contraband and impressment, 422, 423
Greene, William, letter to, 356
Hamilton, Alexander, quarrel with Jefferson, 127, 255-258, 263, 265, 266, 268-271;
Secretary of the Treasury, 247;
Jefferson gives estimate of, 248;
Reports of, 249;
his Bank Bill, 255-257;
his actions supported by Washington, 271;
attitude toward England, 290;
and Whisky Insurrection, 306;
would encourage American manufactures, 327, 443;
his plans of administrative reorganization, 349, 350;
in election campaign of 1800, 367, 368;
duel with Burr, 431
Hamilton, Gov., of Kaskakias, 111
Hammond, George, British minister to United States, 291, 292
Hardy, Samuel, delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140
Harrison, Gov., letters to, 145, 415
Hawkesbury, Lord, 402, 404
Hawkins, Col. Benjamin, discussions with Jefferson, 358;
letter to, 364
Hay, George, 436
HelvÉtius, Madame, 161, 215
Henry, Patrick, and Jefferson, 14, 15, 26, 27, 37, 63;
his study of the law, 28;
after passage of Boston Port Bill, 43;
and Jefferson's "Summary View", 47;
speech at second Virginia Convention, 54;
opposes Bill to Abolish Entails, 89;
seconds motion for appointment of dictator, 127;
appointed Plenipotentiary to France, 355
Hereditary titles, in the Confederation, 148, 149
Hervey, John, guardian of Jefferson, 8
Hobbes, Thomas, 82
Holland, United States debt to, 187-193
Hopkinson, Francis, 200
Hopkinson, Mrs., 153
Houdetot, Madame d', 161, 274
Howe, Lord, negotiations of Franklin with, 247
Howick, Lord, 450
Humboldt, Baron Alexander von, letter to, 481
Humphreys, Col. David, secretary of legation in Paris, 153, 159, 223, 228
Immigration, Jefferson's views of, 123-125
Impeachment, the Republican understanding of, 385, 387
"Implied powers", doctrine of, 256
Impressment, of British sailors on neutral vessels, 423;
an issue of the War of 1812, 478
Income tax, 494
Indians, 7;
study of customs and languages of, 99;
atrocities of, in American Revolution, 111;
eloquence of, 121;
affairs of, treated in Jefferson's second inaugural, 425-427
Industrialism, dangers of, 492
Isham, Mary, 3
Jackson, Andrew, 431
Jacobins, see Republicans

Jay, John, letters to, 223, 224, 231, 234, 236, 239.
See also Jay treaty
Jay, Gov. John, letter to, 491
Jay treaty, 305, 307, 308, 316, 324
Jefferson, Lucy Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, 139;
death, 163
Jefferson, Martha, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, her account of Mrs. Jefferson's death, 138;
date of birth, 139;
accompanies father to Europe, 153, 159;
marriage, 246;
at Monticello, 300;
Jefferson's farewell message to, 532
Jefferson, Mary, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, 139, 161;
joins father in Paris, 163
Jefferson, Peter, father of Thomas Jefferson, 4, 5
Jefferson, Mrs. Peter, see Randolph, Jane
Jefferson, Thomas, birth, 3;
ancestry and parentage, 3-5;
"Autobiography", see below;
schooling, 5-7;
early reading, 6;
life at Shadwell, 6-8;
at William and Mary College, 8-17;
oratorical ambitions, 14;
influence of Patrick Henry upon, 14, 15, 26, 27, 37;
love episode with Rebecca Burwell, 16-18;
commonplace books, 19, see also below;
change in religious belief, 19-24;
distrust of women, 22;
his system of morality, 24-26, see also Morality;
influence of Greek Stoics upon, 26;
studies law, 27-31;
his revindication of the Saxon liberties, 31, 32;
his acquaintance with languages and books, 33;
practices law, 34, 36;
life as farmer at Shadwell, 34, 35;
his "Garden Books", 35, 39;
his scorn of rhetoric, 36, 37;
character of his mind, 37;
in House of Burgesses, 38;
his library, 39;
marriage, 39, 40;
life at Monticello, 41;
after passing of Boston Port Bill, 43, 44;
his declaration of mutual defence, 45;
writes Albemarle resolutions, 45-47;
his doctrine of expatriation, 47, 50, 89, 107;
drafts instructions to Virginia delegates to first Continental Congress, 47, 53;
his "A Summary View of the Rights of British America", 48-53;
his discussion of land tenures, 49;
speaks as pioneer, 52, 53;
in second Virginia Convention, 54;
delegate to second Continental Congress, 54, 55, 64;
his part of "Declaration of the Cause of Taking Up Arms", 59-62;
his answer to Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62;
influence of Greek and Latin orators on his style, 63;
his view of independence, 63-65;
his absence from Congress during preliminary steps to Declaration of Independence, 66;
appointed Lieutenant and Commander in chief of the Militia of the County of Albemarle, 66;
drafts constitution for Virginia, 66-69;
and the Declaration of Independence, 69-78;
resigns from Congress and enters Virginia Legislature, 78, 79;
his view of the social compact and liberty, 80-82, 85, 204, 365, 498;
his philosophy of natural and civil rights, 80-85, 106, 204, 346, 365;
his conception of state sovereignty, 82, 83;
his views on property, 84, 85;
his suggestion for United States seal, 86;
the source of his political philosophy, 87;
refuses post of commissioner to France, 87, 88;
birth of son, 88;
his part in revision of laws of Virginia, 88-103;
starts subscription for Rev. Charles Clay, 103-105;
his doctrine of government, 105-107;
as Governor of Virginia, 107-114;
his attitude toward British prisoners, 109-112;
a stern, but little observed, trait in his character, 111-113;
nearly taken by the British, 113;
362;
in the campaign, 363-368;
in the election, 368-373;
inauguration, 375;
inaugural address, 379;
his removals from office, 380, 381;
his attack on the judiciary, 383-390, 436;
reËlected (1804), 389, 395;
convinced of the evil of the intrusion of churches into politics, 390;
hostility to, 390, 391;
his relation to Cabinet members, 392;
his reform in financial system of United States, 393;
his attitude toward agriculture and manufactures, 394, 395;
his imperialist views, 398-400, 449;
and Louisiana Purchase, 405-421;
sends Lewis on Western exploring expedition, 421, 422;
his policy in war between England and France, 424, 440, 441, 444, 447-462;
his second inaugural address, 425-428, 442;
the ordeal of his second term, 428, 429;
inconsistency of his conduct in Burr case, 437-439;
tries to obtain the Floridas, 445, 446;
offers alliance with England, 446;
writes to Alexander of Russia concerning rights of neutrals, 448;
imperialistic proposition of, 449;
his letters, 468, 514, 516;
his views of Executive and Congress, 468-470;
opposed to English mercantilism, 471;
his detestation of English policies and rulers, 470-473;
his ideas on War of 1812, 473-478;
offers library to Congress, 477;
his feeling for England as distinguished from English government, 479;
opinions on affairs of Europe and South America, 479-486;
and the Monroe Doctrine, 483, 486-488;
formulates the gospel of American democracy, 489;
economic and banking theories of, 490-496;
his view of best government for France, 496, 497;
his theory of the function of the people in a democracy, 499-502;

sees germs of national weakness in United States government, 502-505;
his services to education (University of Virginia), 505-512;
his interests, 514-516;
his conclusion on the future of democracy, 517;
reconciliation with Adams, 518, 519;
his later religious views, 519-528;
his faith in ultimate recognition of ideals, 528, 529;
his last years and death, 529-532
"Autobiography", references to, 4, 53, 80, 88, 91, 93, 105, 108, 148, 236;
quoted on proposal for Congress, 44;
on expatriation, 47;
on Jefferson's retirement from Congress, 79;
on simplification of statutes, 92;
on self-government of the people, 106;
on method of composition used in "Notes on Virginia", 119;
on attendance at Congress, 143;
on Committee of Congress, 145;
on Jefferson's duties in Paris, 176;
picture of events preceding French Revolution in, 224;
on refusal of invitation to attend meeting of French committee, 235;
the writing of, 515
"Commonplace Book", 19, 39;
law matters in, 28-30;
provincialism in, 32;
Kames quoted in, 45, 84;
on rights of Dominion of Virginia, 46;
passages from James Wilson in, 73;
Montesquieu and Beccaria copied in, 94;
extracts on history of Common Law in, 101;
on death, 530, 531;
other references to, 47, 49
"Literary Bible", 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 41;
provincialism in, 32;
Milton in, 40
"Notes on Virginia", references to, 69, 98, 100, 101, 103, 153, 164, 169, 171, 215, 425, 508;
publication of, 118-120;
contents of, 120-136;
memorandum on new constitution for Virginia in, 141;
on value of education, 505
Jones, Prof. Hugh, his description of Williamsburg, 8
Jones, Paul, 207
Jones, Dr. Walter, letter to, 499
Journal de Paris, imprisonment of chief editor of, 217
Judiciary, assault on, under Jefferson, 383-390, 436
Judiciary Act of 1801, repeal of, 384
Kaims (Kames), Henry Home, Lord, his "Historical Law Tracts", 29, 30;
on mutual defence, 45;
his distinction of "property" and "possession", 84, 85;
referred to, 304
Kant, Immanuel, criterium of, 525
Keith, Mary, wife of Thomas Marshall, 4
Kentucky nullification resolutions, 345-347
Kercheval, Samuel, letter to, 234, 504
King, Rufus, 402-405, 408

Knox, Gen. Henry, Secretary of War under Washington, 247
Kosciusko, 516
Lafayette, Marquis de, his plan for a "declaration of the rights of man and the citizen", 76;
sent to arrest Arnold, 108;
friend of Jefferson, 154;
his family and friends, 161;
and the tobacco monopoly, 177-179;
efforts of, in commercial transactions, 181, 182;
and the Barbary pirates, 206;
advice of Jefferson to, 220;
Jefferson sends "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation" to, 230;
letters of, 232;
his "DÉclaration EuropÉenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", 232-234;
brings about committee meeting in Jefferson's house, 236;
letters to, 274, 283;
living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, 514;
his final leave-taking of Jefferson, 531
Lambert, British traveler, 460
Lamothe, Lieut., 111
Land Office, ordinance concerning establishment of, 149
Land tenures, origin of, 49
"La Peyrouse's voyage to the South Seas", 207
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, visits Monticello, 313-315, 327
Latude, Jean Henri de, 219
Law, Thomas, letters to, 478, 524
Law, and free institutions, in Saxon society, 31, 32
"Law of nature", 23
League of Nations, 330
Lee, Arthur, delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140
Lee, C., appointed judge by Adams, 374
Lee, F. L., of Virginia Assembly, 43
Lee, Richard H., of Virginia Assembly, 43;
on committee of continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62;
assists in framing resolution instructing colonies to form governments, 66;
mentioned, 79
Lee, Thomas Ludwell, appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90-92
Leib, Dr., 311, 343;
letter to, 458
Lewis (Merriwether) and Clark (William) Expedition, 421, 422
Liberty, Jefferson's definition of, 82
Lincoln, Abraham, Gettysburg address, 77
Little Sarah, British prize, 294
Livingston, Edward, member of Congress from New York, 368
Livingston, Robert R., on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, 69;
letters to, 362, 368, 419;
United States Minister to France, 374;
and Louisiana, 402-416
Lobbying, 502
Locke, John, his "Treatise on Civil Government", 30;
and the Declaration of Independence, 71, 72;
his hypothesis of society, 82, 84, 204
Logan, Dr., idealistic pacifist, 341
Logan Law, 350
Louis XVI, Jefferson's pen-portrait of, 222, 229;
flight of, 282;
execution of, 287
Louisiana Purchase, 393, 400-421
"Louisianais", acceptance of, to citizenship, 423
McGregory, letter to, 365
McHenry, James, Secretary of War in Cabinets of Washington and Adams, 323, 336;
dismissed by Adams, 368
Madison, Bishop, discusses religion with Jefferson, 358
Madison, James, disapproves of Jefferson's determination to withdraw from public life, 117;
delegate to Congress, 140;
Jefferson's correspondence with, 198, 222, 231, 234, 239, 240, 291, 302, 303, 306, 307, 335, 337, 338, 347, 351, 355, 462, 468, 476;
urges Jefferson to accept post of Secretary of State, 246;
Jefferson's unofficial representative in Congress, 250, 251;
Bank Bill opposed by, 255;
speeches, 257;
his copy of "The Rights of Man", 258;
accompanies Jefferson on trip, 259;
objections to, as Minister to France, 321, 322;
envoy to France, 324;
silent on French dispute, 339;
recommends Virginia nullification resolutions, 345;
letter of, 411;
election of, to Presidency, 464;
on board of visitors to University of Virginia, 509

Madrid, Treaty of, 403
Mann, Thomas, letter to, 308
Manufactures, Hamilton's Report on, 249, 266;
Hamilton's view of, 327;
Jefferson's view of, 327-329;
change in Jefferson's view of, 491, 49