| PAGE |
| A Ship of Yesterday (a tea clipper before the wind)To face title-page |
| A Seventeenth-Century Dutch DockyardHeadpiece to Preface |
| Spithead in the Early Nineteenth Century | 2 |
| Old-fashioned Topsail Schooner | 8 |
| “River sailors rather than blue-water seamen” | 13 |
| “Mine be a mattress on the poop” | 34 |
| Cast of a Relief showing Rowers on a Trireme | 38 |
| Vase in the form of a Trireme’s Prow | 42 |
| Portions of Early Mediterranean Anchor | 44 |
| Shield Signalling | 49 |
| Greek Penteconter from an Ancient Vase | 51 |
| The Egyptian Corn-Ship Goddess Isis | 58 |
| The “Korax” or Boarding Bridge in Action | 63 |
| Sketches of Ancient Ships, by Richard Cook, R.A. | 64 |
| Ancient Coins illustrating Types of Rams | 65 |
| Bronze Figurehead of Roman Ship | 66 |
| Sketches of Ancient Ships, by Richard Cook, R.A. | 66 |
| Two Coins depicting NaumachiÆ | 68 |
| A Roman Naumachia | 68 |
| Chart to illustrate CÆsar’s crossing the English Channel | 71 |
| Hull of Roman Ship found at Westminster | 78 |
| Details of Roman Ship found at Westminster | 80 |
| Details of Roman Ship found at Westminster | 82 |
| Primitive Navigation of the Vikings | 89 |
| Details of Viking Ships and Tackle | 99 |
| Vikings boarding an Enemy | 102 |
| Viking Ship with Awning up | 111 |
| Thirteenth-Century Merchant Sailing Ship | 123 |
| Fourteenth-Century Portolano of the Mediterranean | 124 |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | 126 |
| Fifteenth-Century Shipbuilding Yard | 132 |
| A Fifteenth-Century Ship | 134 |
| The Fleet of Richard I setting forth for the Crusades | 139 |
| A Medieval Sea-going Ship | 146 |
| Fifteenth-Century Caravel, after a Delineation by Columbus | 158 |
| “Ordered the crew ... to lay out an anchor astern” | 162 |
| Fifteenth-Century Caravel, after a Delineation by Columbus | 164 |
| Three-masted Caravel | 166 |
| Sixteenth-Century Caravel at Sea | 166 |
| Sixteenth-Century Caravel at Anchor | 170 |
| Sixteenth-Century Astrolabe supposed to have been on board a Ship of the Armada | 172 |
| Astrolabe used by the English Sixteenth-Century Navigators | 173 |
| Sixteent
“The sea language is not soon learned, much less understood, being only proper to him that has served his apprenticeship: besides that, a boisterous sea and stormy weather will make a man not bred on it so sick, that it bereaves him of legs and stomach and courage, so much as to fight with his meat. And in such weather, when he hears the seamen cry starboard, or port, or to bide alooff, or flat a sheet, or haul home a cluling, he thinks he hears a barbarous speech, which he conceives not the meaning of.” (Sir William Monson’s Naval Tracts.)
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