Abolition and Abolitionists: Early movement dies down, 36-9; rise of later movement, 50-2; persecuted, 51, 76; Lincoln's attitude, 76, 101, 116, 126-7, 151; their position in view of civil war, 172. See Slavery and Garrison.

Adams, Charles Francis: 236, 262, 264, 328.

Adams, John: 37, 236.

Adams, John Quincy: 47, 51, 115, 314, 388.

Aesop: 10.

Alabama, the: 224, 251, 264.

Alabama State: 175, 199, 212, 361, 388.

Alamo, the: 91.

Alexander II. of Russia: 256.

Alleghany (or Appalachian) Mountains: 26, 225, 244; distinct character of people in them, 56, 198.

Alley: 429.

Alton: 76.

Amendment of Constitution: how carried, 24; suggested amendment to conciliate South, 192; Thirteenth Amendment prohibiting slavery, 335-7, 431, 433; Fifteenth Amendment requiring negro suffrage, 334-5.

America, United States of, and American: Diverse character of Colonies, resemblances to and differences from England, 16-20; first attempt at Union, 20; independence and making of Constitution, 21-3; features of Constitution, 23-5; expansion, 26-8; Union Government brought into effect, 28-30, 41; rise of national tradition, 30-5; compromise on main cause of disunion, slavery, 35-40; parties and tendencies in the first half of nineteenth century, 40-52; triumph of Union sentiment, 45-6; growth of separate interest and sentiment in South, 43-5, 52-9; intellectual development and foundations of American patriotism, 59-61; further compromise on slavery, 96-101; political cleavage of North and South becomes definite, 109-12; "a house divided against itself," 143-7; for further developments, see North and South; see also Lincoln; Lincoln's position as to enforcement of union, 143-4; common heritage of America from Civil War, 455.

American Party, or Know-Nothings: 112, 117-8.

American Policy (so-called): 42-8.

Anderson, Major: 189-90, 208, 212-3, 449.

Appalachians. See Alleghany Mountains.

Appomattox River and Court House: 447.

Arbitration: 263-4.

Argyll, Duke of: 176, 260.

Arizona: 96.

Arkansas River: 28, 351.

Arkansas State: 199, 229, 244, 351.

Armstrong, Jack and Hannah: 64, 108.

Army: comparison of Northern and Southern men, 216; and their officers, 216-7, 220, 223-4, 350; system of recruiting, 221-3, 363-74; discipline, 220, 248, 282, 420-1; size of regular army, 228. See also Conscription, Voluntary Service and Militia.

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union: 20, 175.

Atlanta: 226-7, 394-5, 396, 424.

Augusta: 435.

Baker: 90.

Baltimore: 205, 239-42, 453; Conventions there, 159-60, 410-1.

Banks, N. P., General: 296, 354-5, 389.

Bates, Attorney-General: 166, 201-2, 264, 320, 405.

Battles (sieges, campaigns, etc., separately entered): Antietam, 306-7,
313, 324-5, 450; Bentonville, 437; Bull Run, first battle, 245-9; Bull
Run, second battle, 305, 313; Cedar Creek, 396; Champion's Hill, 355;
Chancellorsville, 311-13; Chattanooga, 360; Chickamauga, 360; Cold
Harbour, 393, 410; Five Forks, 446; Fort Donelson, 281; Four Oaks, 295;
Franklin, 396; Fredericksburg, 309, 313; Gettysburg, 357. 450; Kenesaw
Mountain, 394; Manassas (two battles), see Bull Run; Mill Springs,
280; Mobile, 395; Murfreesborough, 343, 450; Nashville, 396; New
Orleans, 283; Perryville, 342; Sailor's Creek, 447; Seven Days'
Battles, 298; Seven Pines, see Four Oaks; Shiloh, 282-3;
Spottsylvania, 392; Wilderness, 392.

Bazaine, Marshal: 388.

Bell, John: 159.

Bentham, Jeremy: 32.

Berry: 66-7.

Bible: 10, 132, 439-40.

Bismarck: 424.

Black: 185.

Black Hawk: 65.

Blackstone's Commentaries: 67.

Blair, Francis, senr.: 432-3.

Blair, Montgomery: 202, 208, 245, 405, 410.

Blockade: 224, 226, 251-2, 436.

Booth, John Wilkes: 451.

Border States: 171, 228-9, 243-5, 270, 318-9, 333-4.

Boston: 47, 51, 59-60, 172-3.

Boswell, James: 102.

Bragg, General: 340-3, 352, 359-60, 387-8.

Breckinridge, John C.: 159.

Bright, John: 127, 236, 260.

British Columbia: 28, 110.

Brooks, Phillips: 60.

Brooks, Preston: 138-9.

Brown, John: 126, 150-5, 197, 397.

Brown, Judge: 85.

Buchanan, James: 113, 138, 140, 141, 177, 184-90, 206, 208, 231.

Buell, Don Carlos, General; 274, 276-82, 339-44, 369.

Bummers: 397.

Burlingame: 139.

Barns, Robert: 103, 105.

Burnside, Ambrose, General: 307, 309, 359-60, 382, 393, 435.

Burr, Aaron: 29.

Butler, Benjamin, General: 268, 283, 392-3, 409, 436, 444.

Butterfield: 95.

Calhoun, John: 68.

Calhoun, John Caldwell: his character and influence, 42-5: his doctrine of "nullification" and secession, 45-6; his death, 100; further references, 97, 113, 175, 182.

California: 28, 91-3, 96-9.

Cambridge, Massachusetts: 59.

Cameron, Simon: 166-7, 201-3, 242, 271.

Campbell, Justice: 210, 446.

Canada: 176, 211, 383.

Carolina. See North Carolina and South Carolina.

Cass, General: 65, 94, 96, 172, 186.

Castlereagh: 377.

Cecil, Lord R. See Salisbury.

Central America: 145.

Charming, Rev. William Eleroy: 51.

Charles I.: 433.

Charleston: 43, 251-3, 387, 435. And see Fort Sumter.

Chase, Salmon P.; rising opponent of slavery, 101; approves of Lincoln's opposition to Douglas, 141; claims to the Presidency, 161, 166; Secretary of the Treasury, 201-2; his successful administration of finance, 254; regarded as Radical leader, intrigues against Lincoln and causes difficulty in Cabinet, 328-9; continues troublesome, desires Presidency, resigns, 406-8; appointed Chief Justice, 429-30; other references, 208, 311, 415.

Chatham, 20, 234.

Chattanooga: 226-7, 339-40, 342-3, 359-60, 387-8, 394.

Chicago: Republican Convention there, 166-9; deputation of clergy, 323;
Democratic Convention, 411-4.

Choate, Joseph H.: 106, 156.

Civil Service: 50.

Civil War. See War.

Clary's Grove: 64, 66.

Clay, Henry: 41; his character and career, 42, 48; compromise of 1850 originated by him, 99; his death, 100; Lincoln on him, 101, 122.

Cobb: 185.

Cobden, Richard: 257-8.

Cock-fighting: 63, 69.

Collamer, Senator: 167.

Colonies. See America.

Colonisation. See Negroes.

Columbia, South Carolina: 435.

Columbia, District of: 94, 319.

Columbia River: 28.

Columbus, Georgia: 226-7.

Compulsory Service. See Conscription.

Confederacy, Confederates; see also South; Confederacy of six States formed and Constitution adopted at Montgomery and claims of these States to Federal Government's forts, etc., or their soil taken over, 199-201; commencement of war by Confederacy, 212-3; area of its country and difficulty of conquest, 214-6; character of population, 216; spirit of independence animating Confederacy, 218-9; other conditions telling against or for its success in the war, 214-27; original Confederate States, viz., South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, joined subsequently by Texas, and on outbreak of war by Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas, 228-9; capital moved to Richmond, 242; for course of war, see War; for political course of Confederacy, see J. Davis and Congress of Confederacy; attitude of foreign Governments to Confederacy, 256, 261, 302, 313; refusal of Lincoln to treat with Confederacy as an independent state, 403, 432-3; refusal of Davis to negotiate on other terms, 428, 432-3; ultimate surrender of Confederate forces and dispersion of its Government, 445-8.

Congregationalists: 17, 19.

Congress of original American Confederation: 20, 38.

Congress of U.S.A. under the Constitution: distinguished from Parliament by the severance between it and the executive government, by the limitation of its functions to strictly Federal matters, and by its subjection to provisions of Constitution, 23-4, see also 371, 377-9, 402, 429; for certain Acts of Congress, see Slavery; attempts at pacification during progress of Secession, 192-3; action of and discussions in Congress during Civil War, 246, 253, 263, 265-6, 269, 271, 276, 288, 316-9, 321-3, 324-7, 333-6, 351, 369-70, 379, 380, 382, 388, 389, 400-1, 434.

Congress of Confederacy: 200, 366-7, 431.

Conscription: in South; 366-7; in North, 364-5, 369-70; superior on grounds of moral principle to voluntary system, 366.

Conservative, the: 119.

Conservatives: 245, 267-8, 328.

Constitution, British: 20, 23, 377.

Constitution of United States: 22-5, 41. See also Amendment of
Constitution.

Contraband: 268, 409.

Cooper Institute; 144, 155.

Copperheads: 382.

Corinth: 283, 338-9.

Cotton: 39, 259-60, 313.

Cow Island: 331.

Cowper, William: 11.

Crittenden: 192-5.

Cuba: 145, 159.

Cumberland River: 226, 277, 280-1.

Curtis, B. R., Justice; 114.

Darwin, Charles: 138, 259.

Davis, David, Justice: 167, 379.

Davis, Henry Winter: 388, 401.

Davis, Jefferson: his rise as an extreme Southern leader, 101, 138, 150; inclined to favour slave trade, 145; his-argument for right of Secession, 176; his part in Secession, 198-200; President of Confederacy, 200; vetoes Bill against slave trade as inadequate and fraudulent, 200; orders attack on Fort Sumter, 212; criticisms upon his military policy, 217-8, 387-8; his part in the war, 246, 355, 387-8, 395, 431, 433, 446; his determination to hold out and his attitude to peace, 403-4, 431-4; as to prisoners of war, 330, 399; escape from Richmond and last public action, 446; his capture, and his emotions on Lincoln's assassination, 452-3; his memoirs, 453, 460.

Dayton, Senator: 167.

Declaration of Independence: meaning of its principles, 32-5; how slave-holders signed it, 35-9; Lincoln's interpretation of it, 123; his great speech upon it, 184.

Delaware: 17, 198, 318, 334.

Democracy: fundamental ideas in it, 32-9, 123; development of extreme form and of certain abuses of it in America, 47-50; its institutions and practices still in an early stage of development, 50; a foolish perversion of it in the Northern States, 59, 218; Lincoln sees a decay of worthy and honest democratic feeling, 117; the Civil War regarded by Lincoln and many in North as a test whether democratic government could maintain itself, 183-4, 362-3, 425; the sense in which Lincoln was a great democrat, 455-6.

Democratic Party: traces descent from Jefferson, 30; originated or started anew by Jackson, its principles, 47-8; general subservience of its leaders to Southern interests, 91, 110, 140, see also Mexico, Pierce, Douglas, Buchanan; breach between Northern and Southern Democrats, 141, 148-50, 157-9; Northern Democrats loyal to Union, 172-4, 177, 188, 231; progress of Democratic opposition to Lincoln, 267, 316, 374-5, 381-5, 401, 411-5; Lincoln's appeal after defeating them, 425.

Dickens, Charles: 31, 32, 41, 259.

Disraeli, Benjamin: 74, 260.

Dough-Faces: 40.

Douglas, Stephen: rival to Lincoln in Illinois Legislature, 71; possibly also in love, 81, 87; his rise, influence, and character, 101, 110-1; repeals Missouri Compromise, 110-1; supports rights of Kansas, 115, 140; Lincoln's contest with him, 121-2, 132-7, 140-9; gist of Lincoln's objection to his principles, 130, 142-5; unsuccessful candidate for Presidency, 159, 168-9; attitude to Secession, 188; relations with Lincoln after Secession, 206, 210, 231; death, 231.

Douglass, Frederick: 332.

Drink: 63, 76-7, 353, 423.

Dundreary: 451.

Early, General: 394, 395, 438.

Eaton, John: 330-2, 347, 416, 461.

Edmonds. See Wood and Edmonds.

Edwards, Mrs. Ninian: 81.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo: 60, 152, 426.

Episcopalians: 85, 351, 440.

Equality. See Declaration of Independence.

Euclid: 104, 132.

Everett, Edward: 159, 362.

Farragut, David, Admiral: 231, 283, 349, 388, 395, 412, 424, 435.

Federalism: 22.

Federalist Party: 30, 173.

Filibustering: (1) in sense of piracy: 194. (2) in sense of obstruction: 333.

Fillmore, Millard: 99, 112, 114, 133.

Finance: 67-8, 254.

Florida: 16, 26, 199, 251, 453.

Fort Donelson: 280-1.

Fort Fisher: 436.

Fort Henry: 281.

Fort Monroe: 268, 292.

Fort Sumter: 187-90, 201, 208, 210, 212-3, 228, 449.

Fox, Gustavus V.: 202, 252-3, 264.

France: influence of French Revolution, 31; Louisiana territory acquired from France, 26; French settlers, 27; slavery in Louisiana State, 39-40; relations with America during Civil War, 211, 256, 262, 313, 388, 404, 420.

Frankfort, Kentucky: 340.

Franklin, Benjamin: 37.

Franklin, Tennessee: 396-7.

Free-Soil Party: 111.

Free Trade: 45, 258.

FrÉmont, John: 112, 133, 269-70, 274, 277, 296-7, 316, 409-10.

Fry, J. B., General: 370.

Garrison, William Lloyd: 50-2, 336.

Gentryville: 4, 6, 7.

Gettysburg, Lincoln's speech at: 363.

Georgia: 36, 56, 199, 226, 396-7.

George II.: 353.

Gibbon, Edward: 67.

Gilmer: 194.

Gladstone, W. E.: 258.

Goldsborough: 437, 444.

Governors of States: 20, 161, 222, 299, 343-5, 362.

Graham, Mentor: 63, 64, 68.

Grant, Ulysses S., General: previous disappointing career and return to Army, earlier success in Civil War, 280; captures Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, surprised but successful at Shiloh, 280-4; negro refugees with his army, 330; kept idle as Halleck's second in command, and on his departure left on defensive near Corinth, 339, 342; his reputation now and his real greatness of character, 345-8; Vicksburg campaigns, 348-55; Lincoln's relations with him from the first, 352-3; Chattanooga campaign, 359-60; appointed Lieutenant General, meeting with Lincoln, parting from Sherman, 389-90; plans for final stages of war, 390; unsuccessful attempts to crush Lee in the open field and movement to City Point for siege of Petersburg and Richmond in which first operations fail, 391-2; sends Sheridan to Shenandoah Valley, 393-4; unnecessary anxiety as to Thomas, 397; siege of Petersburg and Richmond continued, 398; attempts to get him to run for Presidency, 410-11; his loyalty to Lincoln, 416-7; his wish to promote peace, 433; further progress of siege, 436, 437-8; Lincoln's visit to him at City Point, 443-5; forbidden to treat with Lee on political questions, 445; fall of Richmond, 445-6; Lee forced to surrender, 446-8; last interview with Lincoln, 449-50; Memoirs, 459.

Granville, Earl: 260.

Gray, Asa: 138.

Great Britain and Ireland: early relations with U.S.A., 16-20; relative progress of the two countries at different periods, 32, 33, 38; English views of American Revolution, 21, see Constitution of Great Britain and U.S.A.; war in 1812-14 with U.S.A., 42, 46, 273; comparisons of English and American Government, 49, 50; relations of the two countries in the Civil War, 211, 256-65, 313; voluntary system of recruiting in the two countries and its result in each, 364-6, 370; Lincoln's fame in England, 454.

Greeley, Horace: 137, 143, 245, 322-3, 404.

Greene, Bowline: 79.

Greensborough: 437, 452.

Grigsby, Reuben, and family: 6, 11, 12.

Grimes, Senator: 194.

Halleck, Henry W., General: 274, 277-84, 297-8, 301-2, 306, 309, 338-43, 349, 356, 395.

Hamilton, Alexander: his greatness, 29; his origin and career, he brings the Union Government into successful operation, his beautiful and heroic character, 29-30; original source of Monroe doctrine, 385; other references, 34, 37; his view on construction of Statutes, 377-8.

Hampton Roads: 433.

Hanks, Dennis: 4, 6, 420.

Hanks, John: 4, 6, 14, 166.

Hanks, Joseph: 4.

Harcourt, Lady: 417.

Hardin: 90.

Harper's Ferry: 151, 239.

Harrison, William Henry: 72.

Harrison's Landing: 298-302.

Harvard: 59, 330, 444.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel: 101.

Hay, John: 235, 419, 458, 461.

Hayne, Senator: 45.

Henderson, Colonel: 221.

Herndon, William: 66, 79, 87, 94, 102-3, 105, 119, 126, 142, 147, 165.

Hood, John B., General: 394, 396-7.

Hooker, Joseph, General: 309-11, 355-6, 360, 362.

House of Commons. See Parliament.

House of Lords: 33.

House of Representatives. See Congress of U.S.A.

Houston, Governor: 199.

Hugo, Victor: 152.

Hunter, General: 321, 395.

Hymns: 11, 440.

Illinois, 27, 38, Chapters I., III., IV., 1 and 3, and V., 1, 3, and 5; 344, 350.

Inaugural Address: Lincoln's first, 206-7; his second, 441-3; Jefferson
Davis', 200-1.

Inaugural Ceremony: Lincoln's first, 206; Lincoln's second, 438.

Independence. See Declaration of Independence.

Independents. See Congregationalists.

Indiana: 4, 9, 27, 38, 345.

Indians, North American: 3, 65.

Iowa; 27, 194.

Ironclads: 252.

Jackson, Andrew: his opinion of Calhoun, 43; frustrates movement for nullification, 46; his character, 46; revives party and promotes growth of party machinery, and adopts "spoils system," 46-49; other references, 66, 173, 209, 409.

Jackson, Thomas J., called "Stonewall," General: his acknowledged
genius, 217, 220; goes with State of Virginia, 229; his character, 230;
Shenandoah Valley campaign and movement to outflank McClellan, 295-8;
Antietam campaign, 305; killed during victory of Chancellorsville, 311;
Lee's estimate of his loss, 357.

James, Henry: 461.

James River: 292, 298, 392-3, 438, 447.

Jefferson, Thomas: curious and displeasing character, 30; great and lasting influence on American life, 30-2; practical achievements in statesmanship, 32; real sense and value of his doctrine, 32-5; opinion and action as to slavery, 37-8; other references, 28, 46, 56, 179.

Jiggers: 331.

Johnson, Andrew: 400, 411, 451, 453.

Johnson, Samuel: 33, 35.

Johnston, Albert Sidney, General: 276-7, 281-2.

Johnston, John: 4, 6, 14.

Johnston, Joseph, General; 218, 247-8, 287-8, 295, 354-5, 378, 387, 390, 394, 436-7, 452.

Kansas: 110-2, 115, 117, 126, 128, 139-40, 162-3.

Kentucky: 2-5, 9, 26, 81, 192, 197, 225, 229, 270, 334, 339-43.

Kipling, Rudyard: 88.

Kirkham's Grammar: 63.

"Know-Nothings." See American Party.

Knoxville: 226, 275, 359.

Law, Lincoln's law study and practice, 10, 67, 68, 106-8, 271-2, 423.

Lee, Robert E., General: his acknowledged genius, 217, 220; goes with State of Virginia, 229, 239, 376; his character, 230; cautious military advice at first, 246; opinion of McClellan, 285; operations against McClellan, Pope, Burnside, and Hooker, 297, 311; invasion of Pennsylvania and retreat, 355-8, 386-7; resistance to Grant, see Grant, 391-2, 398; appointed General in Chief, 431; abstains always from political action, 431-2; final effort, surrender and later life, 445-6.

Lincoln, Abraham, President: his career and policy up to his Presidency, see in Table of Contents; his military administration and policy, 273-9, 302, 308, 345, and see McClellan; his administration generally, 250-5; his foreign policy, 261-5; his policy generally, 265-72, and see Slavery, Negotiations for Peace, Reconstruction; development of his abilities and character, 7-15, 62, 73-7, 87-8, 103-6, 134-6, 153-5, 163-6, 233-9, 337, 418-24, 439-41; his fame to-day, 454-6.

Lodge, Senator: 261.

Logan, General: 350, 397.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth: 53, 60, 61, 137, 152.

Longstreet, General: 357, 359-60, 387.

Louisiana Purchase: 26, 32, 39-40.

Louisiana State: 26, 39-40, 199, 283, 334, 400, 448-9.

Louisville: 116, 339-41.

Love joy: 76.

Lowell, James Russell, and references to his writings: 19, 92, 138, 172, 209, 237, 261, 264.

Lundy: 50.

Lynchburg: 438.

Lyon, Nathaniel: 244-5, 269.

Lyons, Lord: 236, 237, 264.

McDowell, General: 247-8, 290, 293-7.

Machine, in politics: 48-9, 167-8.

McClellan, George B., General: practical help to Douglas, 134; successes in West Virginia, 243; put in command of Army of Potomac and later of all armies, 272; his strategic views at outset of war, 274-5, 276, 280; his career and character, 284-6; Lincoln's problem about him, 286-7; procrastination and friction before he moved, 287-91; preliminaries to campaign in Peninsula, 291-3; relieved of command over Western armies, 293; campaign in Peninsula, 293-5, 298-302; his recall and failure to support Pope, 302-4; army of Potomac restored to him, 305; battle of Antietam and subsequent delays, 305-7; his final dismissal and its cause, 307-9; his political career, 300, 308, 374, 413-5, 416, 424; resigns from Army, 437; Seward's judgment on him, 427.

McClernand, General: 350-2.

McLean, Justice: 114, 167.

Madison, James: 37.

Maine: 16, 40.

Malplaquet: 364.

Marcy: 49.

Marshall, John: 41.

Martial Law: 376-81. See also 265-7, 269-70, 313, 321, 335-6, 451.

Martineau, Harriet: 43.

Maryland: 197, 225, 240-2, 304-7, 333-4.

Mason: 263.

Massachusetts: 16, 19, 172-3, 239-40, 296, 409.

Mathematics: 67. And see Euclid.

Maximilian, Archduke and Emperor: 388.

Mayflower: 150.

Meade, George, General: 356-8, 391, 447.

Memphis: 226, 275, 349, 389.

Meridian: 227, 389.

Merrimac: 292-3.

Methodists: 150.

Mexico: 28, 90; war with, 91-3; later relations, 211, 256, 388-9, 404, 420.

Mexico, Gulf of: 27, 208.

Michigan: 38, 172.

Militia: 228, 246, 369.

Mill, John Stuart: 260.

Milligan, case of, in Supreme Court: 378.

Minnesota: 27.

Mississippi River: 7, 8, 13, 26, 56, 198, 226, 275, 281, 283, 348-55.

Mississippi State: 26, 175, 179, 199, 227. And see Meridian and
Vicksburg.

Missouri Compromise: 39-40; repealed, 109-12; question whether unconstitutional, 112-5.

Missouri River: 26.

Missouri State: 27, 39-40, 113, 197, 225, 229, 244-5, 269-70, 333-4, 400.

Mobile: 227, 388, 395, 412.

Moltke: 217.

Monroe Doctrine: 388.

Montana: 26.

Montgomery: 199-200, 225.

Mormons: 99, 130.

Motley, John Lathrop: 138, 237, 238, 417.

Napoleon I.: 26, 215.

Napoleon III.: 256, 313, 388.

Nashville: 339, 396.

National Bank: 42, 47, 65.

Nebraska: 110, 113.

Negotiations for peace, impossible demand for them: 402-5, 428, 431-4.

Negroes: Lincoln on notion of equality as applied to them, 124; Stephens on great moral truth of their inferiority, 179; their good conduct during the war and their valour as soldiers, 330; Lincoln's human sympathy with them, and the right attitude in face of the bar between the two races, 330-3; mistaken precipitancy in giving them the suffrage, 334-5, 430; the Confederacy ultimately enlists negroes, 431; negro bodyguard at Lincoln's second Inauguration, 435; projects for colonisation of negroes, 42, 317, 331, 332. See also Slavery.

Neuse River: 437.

Nevada: 95.

New Berne: 437.

New England: 17, 173, 241, 326.

New Hampshire: 100.

New Jersey: 17.

New Mexico: 96, 99, 145, 194.

New Orleans; 4, 13-4, 46, 198, 226, 283.

New Salem: 4, 63-9, 78-80.

New York City: 29, 49, 144, 155-6, 205, 241, 254, 384.

New York State: 16, 17, 29.

Niagara: 105, 139, 404.

Nicolay, John: 211, 235, 419, 458, 460.

North: original characteristics and gradual divergence from South, in America and South; advantages and disadvantages in the war, 214-9; divisions in the North, see Democrats and Radicals; magnitude of effort and endurance shown by the North, 363-6, 426-7.

North Anna River: 392.

North Carolina: 26, 27, 194; secedes with Virginia, 229, 435-7, 452.

North-West Territory: 38.

Northcote, Sir Stafford: 260.

Novels: 67.

Nueces River: 92.

Oberlin, 150.

Officers: 220, 223-4, 350.

Ohio River: 4, 8, 26, 117, 226, 243, 280.

Ohio State: 38, 161, 172, 340-2, 344, 359, 381-3.

Olmsted, Frederick Law: 53, 57, 460.

Oratory in America: 34, 41, 133, 136, 138, 155, 159, 362.

Oregon, Territory and State: 28, 92, 96, 112.

Orsini: 152.

Owens, Mary: 80-1.

Paine, Tom: 69.

Palmerston: 234, 260, 313.

Pardon of offenders by Lincoln; 420-1.

Parliament: relation to Colonies, 19; contrast with Congress, 20, 23.

Parliamentarians under Charles I.: 33.

Party and Parties: 46-50, 374-5, 385. And see American, Federalist,
Free-Soil, Democratic, Republican and Whig.

Patterson, General: 247.

Pemberton, General: 354-5.

Pennsylvania: 17, 202, 355-8.

Peoria: 72, 135, 142.

Petersburg. See Richmond.

Philadelphia: 184, 356.

Pierce, Franklin: 100, 111, 138, 218.

Pilgrim's Progress: 10.

Pitt, William, the younger: 376.

Polk, President: 91-3.

Polk, Bishop and General, 350.

Pope, General: 283, 301, 302-3.

Port Hudson: 343, 354-5.

Porter, Admiral: 349, 353, 388, 435-6, 444.

Post of Arkansas: 351.

Potomac: 225, 243, 249, 288, 306, 358.

Presbyterian: 77, 439.

Prince Consort: 263.

Prisoners of War: 398.

Protection: 42, 45, 65, 68, 202.

Public Works; 42, 65, 71.

Puritans: 17.

Quakers: 17, 50, 153.

Radicals: 232-3, 245, 267-70, 328, 398-400, 410, 430.

Railways: 7, 27, 226-7, 276, 339, 388, 396, 397, 447.

Raleigh: 437, 452.

Rapidan: 288, 311, 358, 391.

Rappahannock: 309, 311, 355, 358.

Rathbone, Major: 450-1.

Raymond: 414. And see 404.

Reconstruction: 326-8, 333-5, 398-401, 434-5, 448-50.

Red River: 388.

Republican Party: (1) Party of this name which followed Jefferson and of which leading members were afterwards Democrats, 30, 31; (2) New party formed in 1854 to resist extension of slavery in Territories, 111; runs FrÉmont for Presidency, 112; embarrassed by Dred Scott judgment, 112, 115; possibility of differences underlying its simple principles, 122; disposition among its leaders to support Douglas after Kansas scandal, 141-3; consistency of thought and action supplied to it by Lincoln, 122, 145-6; nomination and election of Lincoln, 160-2, 166-9; sections in the party during war, 267-71; increasing divergence between Lincoln and the leading men in the party, 321, 326-9, 401-2, 409-14, 430, 434-5, 450.

Reuben, First Chronicles of: 11-2.

Revolution, American: 20-2.

Revolution, French: 31.

Rhodes, Cecil: 335.

Rhodes, James Ford: 418, 459.

Richmond: 225-7, 242, 245, 275, 302, 392; siege of Petersburg and
Richmond, see Lee or Grant; feeling in Richmond towards end, 431-2;
Lincoln's visit to it, 447.

Roberts, F. M. Earl: 364.

Robinson Crusoe: 10.

Rollin: 67.

Romilly, Samuel: 32.

Rosecrans, General: 342-3, 351, 359-60.

Russell, Lord John: 260, 263, 313.

Russia: 118, 211, 256.

Rutledge, Ann: 78.

St. Gaudens, Augustus: 330.

St. Louis: 116, 244.

Salisbury, Marquess of: 258, 259.

Sangamon: 64-5, 166.

Savannah: 398, 435.

Schofield, General: 397, 436-7.

Schools, Lincoln's: 10.

Schurz, Carl: 235, 421.

Scott, Dred, and his case; 112-5, 144.

Scott, William: 421-2.

Scott, Winfield, General: 93, 100, 205, 208, 231, 246-9, 274-5, 388, 453.

Secession. See South and Confederacy.

Seward, William: opponent of compromise of 1850 and rising Republican leader, 101, 137, 152; against opposing Douglas, 141; speaks well of John Brown, 152; expected to be Republican candidate for Presidency, rejected partly for his unworthy associates, more for his supposed strong opinions, 161-8; supports Lincoln in election, 169; action during progress of Secession, 193-5, 204; on First Inaugural, 206; action during crisis of Fort Sumter, 208-10; vain attempt to master Lincoln and generous acceptance of defeat, 210-1, 250; his part in foreign policy, 262-5, 387; wise advice to postpone Emancipation, 320; retained by Lincoln in spite of intrigues against him, 328-30; administration of martial law, 376; his usefulness and great loyalty, 406; his judgment on McClellan, 426; attempt to assassinate him, 451; certifies ratification of 13th amendment, 336.

Seymour, Horatio: 381, 383-5, 413.

Sigel, General: 394.

Shakespeare: 103, 108, 423, 448.

Shaw, Robert Gould: 330.

Shenandoah Valley; 225, 247, 296, 394, 395-6, 424, 437-8.

Sheridan, Philip, General: 220, 343, 395-6, 424, 437-8, 444.

Sherman, John, Senator: 235, 380.

Sherman, William Tecumseh, General; 52, 220, 224, 249; character and relations with Grant, 348; failure in first attempt on Vicksburg, 350; under McClernand, takes Post of Arkansas, 351; with Grant in rest of Vicksburg campaigns, 353-5; at Chattanooga, 360; at Meridian, 388; parting with Grant, his fears for him, their concerted plans, 389; Atlanta campaign, 394-5, 424; detaches Thomas against Hood, 397-8; from Atlanta to the sea, 397-9; campaigns in the Carolinas, 435-6; meets Lincoln at City Point, 444-5; Lincoln's dream about him, 449; Johnston's surrender to him, 452.

Shields, Colonel: 85.

Slave Trade: how treated by Constitution of U.S.A., 24; prohibition of it in American colonies vetoed, 36; prohibited by several American States, by United Kingdom, and by Union, 38; movement to revive it in Southern States, 145, 150; prohibited by Confederate Constitution and inadequate Bill against it vetoed by J. Davis, 200; treaty between United Kingdom and U.S.A., for its more effectual prevention, and first actual execution of a slave-trader in U.S.A., 317.

Slavery: compromise about it in Constitution, 25; opinion and action of the "Fathers" in regard to it, 35-9; becomes more firmly rooted in South, 39; disputes as to it temporarily settled by Missouri Compromise, 39-40; its real character in America, 52-5; its political and social effect on the South, 43-5, 55-9; Abolition movement, see Abolition; its increasing influence on Southern policy; see South; repeal of Missouri Compromise, and dicta of Supreme Court in favour of slavery, 109-15; Lincoln's attitude from first in regard to it, 14, 76, 94; his principles as to it, 121-131, 144; slavery the sole cause of Secession, 178-9; the progress of actual Emancipation, 313-37; already coming to an end in the South before the end of the war, 429, 431. See also Negroes.

Slidell: 263.

Smith, Baldwin, General: 308.

Smith, Caleb: 167, 202, 405.

Smith, Kirby, General: 339-42, 453.

South: original difference of character and interest between Northern and Southern States becoming more marked concurrently with growth of Union, 17-8, 36, 39-40, 43-5; slavery and Southern society, 52-9; growing power of a Southern policy for slavery to which the North generally is subservient, 91-2, 98-100, 117, 138-41; rise of resistance to this, see Republican Party; causes of Secession and prevailing feeling in South about it, 170-88; history of Secession and War, see Confederacy and War; Southern spirit in the war, 216, 218-20; heroism of struggle, 397; memory of the war a common inheritance to North and South, 455.

South Carolina: 26-7, 36, 44-6, 57-8, 173, 179-80, 182, 185-90, 200-1, 208, 253, 321, 386, 435.

Spain: 16, 26, 90, 211.

Speed, James: 405.

Speed, Joshua: 70, 81, 87, 116-8, 405, 440.

Spoils System: 49-50, 95, 254-5.

Springfield: Lincoln's life there, 70-7, 81-7, 101-9; his farewell speech there, 203; his funeral there, 453.

Stanton, Edwin: rude to Lincoln in law case, services in Buchanan's Cabinet, denounces Lincoln's administration, made Secretary of War, 272; great mistake as to recruiting, 299, 368; Conservative hostility to him, 328-9; services in War Department and loyalty to Lincoln, 272, 290, 329, 389, 406, 419-20; at Lincoln's death-bed, 453.

States: relations to Federal Government and during secession to
Confederacy, 24, 221-3.

Stephens, Alexander: 179, 199-200, 432-4.

Stevenson, Robert Louis: 87.

Stowe, Mrs. Beecher: 51, 54, 110.

Submarines: 251.

Sumner, Charles: 101, 138-9, 418, 429, 448.

Supreme Court: 41, 112-5, 144, 378, 382.

Swedish colonists: 17.

Swett, Leonard: 13.

Talleyrand: 29.

Taney, Roger: 112-5, 144, 206, 242, 429.

Taylor, Zachary: 92-3, 95, 98.

Tennessee River: 226, 280, 339.

Tennessee State: 27, 199, 226, 229, 275-7, 279-84, 338-40, 342-3, 393-4, 397, 408.

Tennyson, Alfred: 259.

Territories: their position under Constitution, 25; expansion and settlement, 26-8; cessions of Territories by States to Union, 38; conflict as to slavery in them, see Slavery.

Terry, General; 433.

Texas: 28, 91, 198, 199, 388, 453.

Thomas, George H., General: 231, 280, 341, 343, 369, 388, 396-7.

Todd, Mary. See Lincoln, Mrs.

Trumbull, Lyman: 120.

Tyler, John: 72, 91, 200.

"Underground Railway": 150.

Union and United States. See America.

Union men: letter of Lincoln to great meeting of, 384-5.

Urbana: 291-2.

Usher: 405.

Utah: 99.

Vallandigham, Clement: 379, 381-3, 413.

Van Buren, Martin: 47, 49, 66.

Vandalia: 72.

Vermont: 16, 38.

Vicksburg: 226, 282, 339, 348-55, 449.

Victoria, Queen: 263, 451.

Virginia: 3, 27, 37, 38, 39, 47, 54, 69, 98, 197-200, 209, 213, 217, 228; and for stages of war in Virginia see McClellan, Lee and Shenandoah Valley.

Volney: 69.

Voltaire: 69.

Voluntary enlistment in the North, 221-2; results here and in U.S.A., 364-5; its fundamental immorality when used on a large scale, 366.

Wad, Senator: 194, 400.

Walker, Governor: 140.

Wallace, General: 393.

War, Civil, in U.S.A.: general conditions and strategic aspects of the war, 214-27, 273-8; preliminary struggles in border States, 228-45; first Battle of Bull Run, 245-50; blockade of South and naval operations generally, 251-3; war in West to occupation of Corinth and taking of New Orleans, 279-84; Merrimac and Monitor, 292-3; beginning of Peninsula campaign, 290-5; "Stonewall" Jackson's Valley campaign, 295-7; end of Peninsula campaign, 298-302; second Battle of Bull Run, 303-4; Lee's invasion of Maryland and Antietam, 304-7; Fredericksburg, 309; Chancellorsville, 311; Buell's operations in autumn of 1863, Confederate invasion of Kentucky, and Murfreesborough, 338-43; Vicksburg campaigns and completion of, conquest of Mississippi, 348-55; Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, Gettysburg, and Meade's campaign in Virginia, 355-8; campaigns of Chickamauga, Eastern Tennessee, and Chattanooga, 358-64; certain minor operations, 386-8; military situation at beginning of 1864 and Grant's plans, 386, 389; Grant's campaign against Lee to beginning of siege of Petersburg, 390-2; Early's Shenandoah campaign, 394; Sherman's Atlanta campaign, 394-5; Farragut at Mobile, 395; Sheridan in Lower Shenandoah Valley, 395-6; Sherman's plans, 396; Hood's invasion of Tennessee, 396-7; Sherman's march to Savannah, 397-8; Petersburg siege continues, 398; effect of Sherman's operations, 431; Sherman's advance northward from Savannah, 435; Porter and Terry take Fort Fisher, 435-6; Petersburg siege progresses, 436; Sherman in North Carolina, 436-7; Sheridan in Upper Shenandoah Valley, 437-8; fall of Petersburg and Richmond, and surrender of Lee, 445-8; surrender of other Confederate forces, 452-3.

Ward, Artemus: 208, 231, 324.

Washington City: its importance and dangers in the war, 225, 239-42, 248, 293-4, 295-7, 302, 304, 355-6, 376, 392-3; its political society, 418.

Washington, George: 10, 21, 37, 76, 203-4, 388.

Watson, William: 460.

Webster, Daniel: his career and services, 41-2; his great speech, 45-6, 173; value of his support to Whigs, 68; Lincoln meets him, 91; his support of compromise of 1850 and his death, 99-100.

Weed, Thurlow, 193-4, 414, 443.

Weems' Life of Washington: 10.

Welles, Gideon: 202, 252-3, 263, 271, 406.

Wellington: 377.

Wesley, Samuel: 35.

West, the: 7-9, 27-8, 46, 61, 91, 93, 155, 224, 226, 303, 305. And see War.

West Indies, British: 29, 52.

West Point: 223, 390.

West Virginia: 225, 229, 243, 296, 334, 400.

Whig Party: 48, 66-8, 91-3, 95, 100, 111, 117, 159, 433.

Whites, Poor or Mean: 55, 178.

Whitman, Walt: 61, 237, 238, 418-9.

Whitney, Eli: 39.

Wilmington: 251, 435-6.

Wilmot, David and Wilmot Proviso: 96, 99, 117.

Wilson, President: 45, 54.

Wisconsin: 38, 172.

Wood and Edmonds: 233, 456.

Wood, Fernando: 309.

Wolfe, Sir James: 353.

Wolseley, F. M. Viscount: 217, 218, 229-30, 285.

Yazoo: 350, 352.

Young Men's Lyceum: 69.

Zeruiah, her sons: 445.