Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks retained.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.

Page 463: “fixd rule” was printed that way.

Page 464: The Greek transliteration “hoi polloi” was added by Transcriber and enclosed in {curly braces}.

Page 466: The opening quotation mark for “half-fanatical” has no matching closing mark; Transcriber added one after “personality worship”.

Page 495: “carbon dioxid” was printed that way.

Page 515: “easily reduce” may be a misprint for “easily deduce”; “by the sign of” may be an archaic spelling of “sine”.

Page 536: “pompes funÉbres” is a misprint for “funÈbres”.

Page 553: “Belelgueze” was printed that way, probably refers to “Betelgeuse”.

Page 559: “chlorid” was printed that way.