Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks retained.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.

Page 22: “the city to-day would drive from that source” may be a misprint for “derive”.

Page 54: “each of the tactile organ” probably should be “organs”.

Page 68: “beauxite” was spelled that way.

Page 107: Unmatched quotation mark in paragraph beginning “Geological Formations”.