PAGE 7.—“Natural Reticence.”Sex belongs to the Unconscious or universal-conscious regions of our nature (which is the meaning perhaps of Modesty), and will resume its place there some day. Meanwhile, having crept into the Conscious, it must for the time being be sincerely faced there. PAGE 14.—“To Teach the Child First, Quite Openly, its Physical Relation to its Own Mother.”“It was not without much anxiety that I took the first step on a road I intended to explore alone. Chance favored me. I was in Java, and amongst my servants was a dressmaker, married to the groom. This woman had a dear little baby with a velvety brown skin and bright black eyes, the admiration of my little daughter, whom I took with me to see mother and child, when the baby was a few days old. While she admired and petted it wonderingly, I said to her: ‘This pretty little baby came out of Djahid like the beautiful butterfly came out of the chrysalis, it lay close to Djahid’s heart, she made it, and kept it there till it grew. She loved it so much that she made it grow.’ Lilly looked at me with her large, intelligent eyes in astonishment. ‘Djahid is very happy to have this pretty baby. Djahid’s blood made it strong while it lay close to her heart; now Djahid will give it milk, and make it strong, till it will grow as big as my Lilly. It made Djahid ill and made her suffer when it was born, but she soon got well, and she is so glad.’ Lily listened, very much interested, and when she got home, she told her father the story, forgetting PAGE 16.—“The Vulgarization of Love.”“I have found in my experience that those who seek to draw into the selfish confines of their own breasts the electric current of Love are withered by its force and passion. The energy degrades to sensualism if it has only the Individual channel for expression. The sexual expression of Love is good and beautiful if normal, but it is not so infallible as the subtler intercourse of the soul and the affections, or so satisfying as a comradeship in work for Humanity, and a mental and spiritual affinity.”—Miriam W. Nicol. PAGE 24.—“In the Beauty and Openness of Their Own Bodies.”“All the loves—if they be heroic and not purely animal, or what is called natural, and slaves to generation as instruments in some way of nature—have for object the divinity, and tend towards divine beauty, which first is communicated to, and shines in, souls; and from them or rather through them is communicated to bodies; whence it is that well-ordered affection loves the body or corporeal beauty, insomuch as it is an indication of beauty of spirit.”—Giordano “In Sparta the spectacle of the naked human body and the natural treatment of natural things were the best safeguard against the sensual excitement artificially produced by the modern plan of separating the sexes from the earliest childhood. The forms of one sex and the functions of its specific organs were no secret to the other. There was no possibility of trifling with ambiguities.”—Bebel’s “Woman,” Bellamy Library, p. 70. PAGE 26.—Generation and Nutrition.“It is in the almost homogeneous fabrics of the cellular plants that we find the closest connection between the function of nutrition and that of reproduction; for every one of the vesicles which compose their fabric is endowed with the power of generating others similar to itself; and these may extend the parent structure or separate into new and distinct organisms. Hence it is scarcely possible to draw a line in these cases, between the nutrition of the individual and the reproduction of the species.”—W. B. Carpenter, “Principles of Human Physiology,” sec. 281. PAGE 42—Secondary Differences Between the Sexes.The following are some of the points of difference given by H. Ellis in “Man and Woman” (Contemporary Science Series):— The average cranial capacity of men is greater than that of women (as would be expected from the general proportions of the sexes); but the difference in this respect between men and women is greater in the higher civilized races than in the lower and more primitive. Evidence points on the whole to the cerebellum being, relatively, distinctly larger in women than in men. Intellectually, women tend to the personal and concrete, men to the general and abstract. Women endure pain, operations, etc., better than men, Women show in some respects a greater affectability than men, which is encouraged by their slight tendency to anaemia, by the greater development of their vaso-motor system, and by the periodicity of their functions. They are more hypnotic, the lower—that is, the more primitive and fundamental—nerve-centers preponderate and are more excitable; hysteria, ecstasy, and suggestibility, more marked. Men show a greater tendency to race-variation than women; abnormalities of various kinds, idiots and geniuses, are commoner amongst males. Man represents the radical, or experimental element in the life of the race. Woman represents the conservative element. She remains nearer to the child, but for that very reason is in some respects more advanced than man, who, as he grows older, is “farther off from heaven than when he was a boy.” PAGE 51.—Finesse in Woman.“The method of attaining results by ruses (common among all the weaker lower animals) is so habitual among women that, as Lombroso and Ferrero remark, in women deception is ‘almost physiological.’*** But to regard the caution and indirectness of women as due to innate wickedness, would, it need scarcely be said, be utterly irrational. It is inevitable, and results from the constitution of women, acting in the conditions under which they are generally placed. There is at present no country in the world, certainly no civilized country, in which a woman may safely state openly her wishes and desires, and proceed openly to seek their satisfaction.”—H. Ellis, “Man and Woman,” p. 174. PAGE 56.—(note).—“The Freedom of Woman Must Ultimately Rest on the Communism of Society.”“The reproduction of the race is a social function, “She held it just that women should be so provided for, because the mothers of the community fulfil in the State as important and necessary a function as the men themselves do.”—Grant Allen, “The Woman Who Did,” p. 73. PAGE 57.—“Menstrual Troubles and Disturbances.”There is little doubt that menstruation, as it occurs to-day in the vast majority of cases, is somehow pathological and out of the order of nature. In animals the periodic loss is so small as to be scarcely noticeable, and among primitive races of mankind it is as a rule markedly less than among the higher and later races. We may therefore suppose that its present excess is attributable to certain conditions of life which have prevailed for a number of centuries, and which have continuously acted to bring about a feverish disposition of the sexual apparatus, and an hereditary tendency to recurrent manifestations of a diseased character. Among conditions of life which in all probability would act in this way may be counted (1) the indoor life and occupations of women, leading to degeneration of the neuro-muscular system, weakness, and inflammability; (2) the heightening of the sex-passion in both men and women with the increase of luxury and artificialism in life; (3) the subjection of the woman to the unrestrained use and even abuse of the man, which inevitably PAGE 62.—“Natural Desires.”“Although I agree with Malthus as to the value of virtuous abstinence, the sad conviction is forced upon me as a physician that the chaste morality of women—which though it is certainly a high virtue in our modern States is none the less a crime against nature—not unfrequently revenges itself in the cruellest forms of disease.”—Dr. Hegerisch, translator of Malthus. PAGE 64.—“They Must Learn to Fight.”“Women have as little hope from men as workmen from the middle classes.”—Bebel, “Woman,” p. 72. PAGE 66.—Sexual Selection Exercised by the Female.“Hunger—that is to say, what we call economic causes—has, because it is the more widespread and constant, though not necessarily the more imperious instinct, produced nearly all the great zoological revolutions.*** Yet love has, in the form of sexual selection, even before we reach the vertebrates, moulded races to the ideal of the female; and reproduction is always the chief end of nutrition which hunger waits on, the supreme aim of life everywhere.”—“Evolution in Sex,” p. 12. PAGE 72.—“The Features of a Grander Type.”“Towards the Future I look and see a greater race to come—of beautiful women, athletic, free, able in mind and logic, great in love and in maternal instincts, unashamed of their bodies and of the sexual parts of them, calm in nerve, and with a chronic recognition of Spiritual qualities—a PAGE 78.—“The Search for a Fitting Mate.”“With the disappearance of the artificial barriers in the way of friendship between the sexes, and of the economic motive to sexual relationships—which are perhaps the two chief forces now tending to produce promiscuous sexual intercourse, whether dignified or not with the name of marriage—men and women will be free to engage, unhampered, in the search, so complicated in a highly civilized condition of society, for a fitting mate.”—“Evolution in Sex,” p. 13. PAGE 79 (note).—Desire of Congress Less Strong in Woman.“I will mention here that from various late sources of information I conclude that sexual insensibility in women is much commoner than usually assumed. Of course I mean by this, insensibility as from the sexual standpoint: of the sense of pleasure and satisfaction in congress, as well as the desire for congress. This desire is much less frequent in woman than generally supposed. But the soulside of love on the other hand is often more prominent in females than in males.”—A. Moll, “Contrare Sexual-empfindung,” 2nd edn., p. 325. PAGE 83.—“In This Serf-Life Their very Natures Have Been Blunted.”“Not so the wife; however brutal a tyrant she may be chained to*** he can claim from her and enforce the lowest degradation of a human being, that of being made the instrument of an animal function contrary to her inclinations.*** No amount of ill-usage, without adultery superadded, will in England free a wife from her tormentor.”—Mill’s “Subjection of Women,” 1869. Clitheroe Case, 1891.—After the refusal of the wife to The Lord Chancellor said: “I am of opinion that no, such right or power exists in law”—and ordered the lady to be restored to her liberty.—“Woman Free,” by Ellis Ethelmer, p. 144. PAGE 95.—The Monogamic Marriage.“In attempting to estimate the moral worth of a people, a race, or a civilization, we are much more enlightened by the position given to woman than by the legal type of the conjugal union. This type, besides, is usually more apparent than real. In many civilizations, both dead and living, legal monogamy has for its chief object the regulation of succession and the division of property.”—Letourneau, “Evolution of Marriage,” p. 186. Conjugal Unions Among the Animals.—“Among many of the animal species the sexual union induces a durable association, having for its object the rearing of young. In nobility, delicacy, and devotion these unions do not yield precedence to many human unions.”—Ibid., p. 19. “It is especially interesting to study the various modes of conjugal and familiar association among birds. This may be easily inferred from the ardor, the variety and delicacy they bring to their amours.*** There are some birds absolutely fickle and even debauched—as, for example, the little American starling (Icterus pecoris), which changes its female from day to day.*** Other species, while they have renounced promiscuity, are still determined polygamists. The gallinaceae are particularly addicted to this form of conjugal union, which is so common in fact with mankind, even when highly civilized and boasting of their practice of monogamy. Our barndoor cock, vain and sensual, courageous and jealous, is a perfect type of the polygamous bird.”***—Ibid., p. 26. “Nearly all the rapacious animals, even the stupid vultures, “With the female Illinois parrot (Psittacus pertinax) widowhood and death are synonymous, a circumstance rare enough in the human species, yet of which the birds give us more than one example. When, after some years of conjugal life, a Wheat-ear happens to die, his companion hardly survives him a month.”—Ibid., p. 27. “Bad fathers are rare among birds. Often on the contrary the male rivals the female in love for the young; he guards and feeds her during incubation, and sometimes even sits on the eggs with her. The carrier pigeon feeds his female while she is sitting; the Canadian goose and the crow do the same; more than that the latter takes his companion’s place at times, to give her some relaxation. The blue marten behaves in the same manner. Among many species male and female combine their efforts without distinction of sex; they sit in turn, and the one who is free takes the duty of feeding the one who is occupied. This is the custom of the black-coated gull, the booby of Bassan, the great blue heron, and of the black vulture.”—Ibid., p. 30. “In regard to mammals, there is no strict relation between the degree of intellectual development and the form of sexual union. The carnivorous animals often live in couples; but this is not an absolute rule, for the South African lion is frequently accompanied by four or five females. Bears, weasels, whales, etc., generally go in couples. Sometimes species that are very nearly allied have different conjugal customs; thus the white-cheeked peccary lives in troops, whilst the white-ringed peccary lives in couples. There is the same diversity in the habits of monkeys. Some are polygamous and others monogamous. The Wanderoo (Macacus Silenus) of India has only one female and is faithful to her until death. The Cebus Capucinus, on the contrary, is polygamous.”—Ibid., p. 33. PAGE 101.—“The Destinies of a Life-Time.”“Unlike the Catholic Church in its dealings with novices, Society demands (in marriage) the ring, the parchment, and the vow as a preliminary to the knowledge and experience; hence adulteries, the divorce court, home-prisons, and the increase of cant and pruriency in the community. Unless a woman knows what a man’s body is like, with its virile needs, and realizes to the full her own adult necessities, how is it possible that she can have the faintest conception as to whether the romantic passionate impulse a man awakens in her is the trinity of love, trust and reverence, which alone lays the foundations of real marriage?”—Edith M. Ellis, “A Noviciate for Marriage,” p. 13. PAGE 106.—“Contracts of Some Kind Will Still Be Made.”“It is therefore probable that a future more or less distant will inaugurate the regime of monogamic unions, freely contracted, and, at need, freely dissolved by simple mutual consent, as is already the case with divorces in various European countries—at Geneva, in Belgium, in Roumania, etc.—and with separation in Italy. In these divorces of the future, the community will only intervene in order to safeguard that which is of vital interest to it—the fate and the education of the children. But this evolution in the manner of understanding and practicing marriage will operate slowly, for it supposes an entire corresponding revolution in public opinion; moreover, it requires as a corollary profound modifications in the social organism.”—Letourneau, “Evolution of Marriage,” p. 358. “The antique morals which hold woman as a servile property belonging to her husband still live in many minds. They will be extinguished by degrees. The matrimonial contract will end by being the same kind of contract as any other, freely accepted, freely maintained, freely dissolved; but where constraint has disappeared deception becomes an unworthy offence. Such will be the opinion of a future humanity, more elevated morally than ours. Doubtless it PAGE 106.—Contracts Preliminary to a Permanent Alliance.“The custom of hand-fasting, rare now anywhere else, still prevails to some extent in Iceland. A man and woman contract to live together for a year. If at the end of the year the parties agree thereto, they are married; if not, they separate without stigma on either side. The contract may be made conditionally binding from the first. It may bind the parties to marry in the event of issue, or in the event of no issue, as the case may be.”—Prof. Mavor, “Iceland: Some Sociological and Other Notes,” Proceedings Philosophical Society, Glasgow, 1890–91. PAGE 118.—A Certain Amount of Animalism.“The Saviors of this, as of every corrupt and stupid generation, must feel the pulse of the adulterer as well as that of his victim, and stand clear-eyed and honest as pioneers of the new sexual renaissance, which will probably combine a healthy temperate animalism with Browning’s vision of that rare mating when soul lies by soul.”—Edith M. Ellis, “A Noviciate for Marriage,” p. 4. “She gave him comprehension of the meaning of love: a word in many mouths, not often explained. With her, wound in his idea of her, he perceived it to signify a new start in our existence, a finer shoot of the tree stoutly planted in good gross earth; the senses running their live sap, and the minds companioned, and the spirits made one by the whole-natured conjunction. In sooth, a happy prospect for the sons and daughters of Earth, divinely indicating more than happiness: the speeding of us, compact of what we are, between the ascetic rocks and the sensual whirlpools, to the creation of certain nobler races, now very dimly imagined.”—George Meredith’s “Diana of the Cross-ways,” ch. 37. THE END. 1. Though this is of course not true of animal food. 2. See “Appendix.” 3. See “Appendix.” 4. Taking union as the main point we may look upon the idealized Sex-love as a sense of contact pervading the whole mind and body—while the sex-organs are a specialization of this faculty of union in the outermost sphere: union in the bodily sphere giving rise to bodily generation, the same as union in the mental and emotional spheres occasions generation of another kind. 5. These are (1) the curious, not yet explained, facts of “Telegony”—i. e., the tendency (often noticed in animals) of the children of a dam by a second sire to resemble the first sire; (2) the probable survival, in a modified form, of the primitive close relation (as seen in the protozoa) between copulation and nutrition; (3) the great activity of the spermatozoa themselves. 6. For other points of difference see Appendix. 7. Man and Woman, by Havelock Ellis. Contemporary Science Series, p. 371. 8. Physiologically speaking a certain excess of affectability and excitability in women over men seems to be distinctly traceable. 9. The freedom of Woman must ultimately rest on the Communism of society—which alone can give her support during the period of Motherhood, without forcing her into dependence on the arbitrary will of one man. While the present effort of women towards earning their own economic independence is a healthy sign and a necessary feature of the times, it is evident that it alone will not entirely solve the problem, since it is just during the difficult years of Motherhood, when support is most needed, that the woman is least capable of earning it for herself. (See Appendix.) 10. See “Appendix.” 11. See “Appendix.” 12. As to the maternal teaching of children, it must be confessed that it has, in late times, been most dismal. Whether among the masses or the classes the idea has been first and foremost to impress upon them the necessity of sliding through life as comfortably as possible, and the parting word to the boy leaving home to launch into the great world has seldom risen to a more heroic strain than “Don’t forget your flannels!” 13. It must be remembered too that to many women (though of course by no means a majority) the thought of Sex brings but little sense of pleasure, and the fulfillment of its duties constitutes a real, even though a willing, sacrifice. See Appendix. 14. Thus Bebel in his book on Woman speaks of “the idle and luxurious life of so many women in the upper classes, the nervous stimulant afforded by exquisite perfumes, the over-dosing with poetry, music, the stage—which is regarded as the chief means of education, and is the chief occupation, of a sex already suffering from hypertrophy of nerves and sensibility.” 15. See “Appendix.” 16. It is curious that the early Church Service had “Till death us depart,” but in 1661 this was altered to “Till death us do part.” 17. See R. F. Burton’s Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah, chap. xxiv. He says, however, “As far as my limited observations go polyandry is the only state of society in which jealousy and quarrels about the sex are the exception and not the rule of life!” 18. See “Appendix.” 19. Perhaps one of the most sombre and inscrutable of these natural tragedies lies, for Woman, in the fact that the man to whom she first surrenders her body often acquires for her (whatever his character may be) so profound and inalienable a claim upon her heart. While, either for man or woman, it is almost impossible to thoroughly understand their own nature, or that of others, till they have had sex-experience, it happens so that in the case of woman the experience which should thus give the power of choice is frequently the very one which seals her destiny. It reveals to her, as at a glance, the tragedy of a life-time which lies before her, and yet which she cannot do other than accept. 20. See note on the Primitive Group-marriage, infra. 21. Letourneau (“Evolution of Marriage,” p. 173) mentions also among the inferior races who have adopted Monogamy the Veddahs of Ceylon, the Bochimans of S. Africa, and the Kurnails of Australia. 22. See Remarks on the Early Star and Sex Worships, infra. 23. Perhaps this accounts for the feeling, which so many have experienced, that a great love, even though not apparently returned, justifies itself, and has its fruition in its own time and its own way. 24. These dates have shifted now by two or three weeks owing to the equinoctial precession. 25. The date of his birth was not fixed till A. D. 531—when it was computed by a monkish astrologer. 26. Note especially the ordeals through which the youth of so many savage races have had to pass before being admitted to manhood. WORKS OF Edwd Carpenter Except love build the house they labor in vain who build it. A masterpiece, the work of a seer. Gifted as poet and philosopher, the author has given us one of the great, if not the greatest, work of the nineteenth century. It is full of vivid pictures of the soul’s enlightenment. Its perusal gives the reader a realization of the divine in man—“the divine life which incloses and redeems all souls.” Through this life every soul finds itself akin to every other soul; brotherhood is more than a myth and democracy ceases to be a dead letter. A. B. Stockham, M. D.: I have read and reread Towards Democracy with transports of delight, and with a great hope for humanity. As a chela to a guru my soul bows to thine. People of the nineteenth century may be deaf to the poetic strains pealing throughout in clarion notes; they may be blind to the universal truths flashed in scintillating lights, but illumined souls of the coming centuries will honor the author as one of the chosen, and will understand the message of deliverance he has given to imprisoned souls. Chas. A. Hamilton: Towards Democracy is a revelation! Walt Whitman, Emerson, Tennyson, Ruskin and Carlisle rolled into one! I reveled in it like a bather in the cool waves of the ocean. I splashed through its pages as a strong swimmer through the white surges; I drank it in as a parched traveler drinks cool spring water gushing out from under a rock; I was united with it even as hydrogen and oxygen become one in the millionth part of a second. Later—I am still reading Towards Democracy. It thrills and thrills me and I shed hot tears of which I am not ashamed. W. L. Sinton: Towards Democracy stands side by side with the Bible, and to him who has the eye to see and the ear to hear, it contains a key to all the problems of life. Cecelia Evans: I have Towards Democracy beside my bed, and read something in it every night and some mornings. I can never, never tell by word or pen the good that book has done me. I never pick it up that my courage is not renewed. His “Joy, Joy” would kill any case of blues. I always felt that these little daily tasks were so hard, and thought if one could only get out in the world and do something one might be saved; but his “Sweet are the Uses of Life,” with his promise that the Lover will come when we are about our little homely tasks, has been a revelation. I never did care much for housework, but even washing the dishes has its blessing now. I let the present hour bring its gift and am not fretting about the future. Over 300 pages, bound in cloth. Prepaid, $1.50 “Who is the poet whom love has made strong, strong, STRONG, with all strength.” A Visit to a Gnani With an Introduction by Alice B. Stockham, M. D. A vivid pen picture of oriental thought and teaching, containing in a few pages what one often fails to find by searching many volumes. A Gnani is one who knows, a Knower; in other words, one who has a consciousness of the greater or universal life which Carpenter calls the Kosmic Consciousness, which is the higher self of Theosophists, the Infinite I of Fichte, the Noumena of Kant, the Divine Mind of Christian Religion. In a concise and comprehensive manner, the author presents the practical esotericism of the East, giving points of likeness to western philosophy. Man loses his life to gain it, loses his consciousness of and dependence upon physical and material life to gain a consciousness of the universal life—a Kosmic consciousness. Health Culture: The book contains many interesting facts and anecdotes concerning Gurus, Adepts, Yogis, etc., besides it is a study of the duality of mind. To gain the power of blotting out the personal consciousness, so that the Kosmic consciousness shall dominate—one becomes a Gnani or one who knows. Sidney Flower: In the domain of occultism this is clearly the book of the year. It is interesting to note that the East and the West touch hands in the matter of self-development. We simply make our will the master of the mind, and by thus subjugating the noise of the machinery, we make it possible to hear and attend to the Voice in the Silence. Psychic Review: As one reads this vivid pen picture, his interest is held throughout, and he realizes that there is a life more wonderful and perhaps more real than the material life. Chicago Chronicle: A Gnani is one who has consciousness of the Universal Life—it is the absolute Ego of Fichte, the self-affirming Activity of Schilling, the Geist of Hegel, the Unknowable of Spencer, the Kingdom of Heaven of Christ. The use of the higher faculties is acquired only after a long training and according to laws peculiarly their own. This must not result in oblivion, but in a divine consciousness without the limitations of thought. Illustrated, bound in Vellum de Luxe. Prepaid, $1.00 I will have none that will not open his door to all—treating others as I have treated him. Love’s Coming of Age A comprehensive and philosophical treatise on Sexual Science and Marriage. In this book Edward Carpenter has done his work well and all will peruse it with interest and profit. It evinces a breadth of thought and research seldom found in treating these delicate subjects. Prepaid, $1.25 Other works by Edward Carpenter are England’s Ideals: Civilization, its Cause and Cure; Eros and Psyche; Angel Wings; Unknown People, etc., all of which can be ordered through our house. Carpenter may be considered a leader in the philosophy of life—at least every student of economics or social ethics must give his works more than a passing perusal. Stockham Publishing Co. 56 Fifth Avenue Authorized Agents CHICAGO TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
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