CONTENTS.

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A SKETCH OF FRANCO-CANADIAN HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
Antiquarianism—?Records of the Early Nations—?Tradition—?The Press—?The Eastern World—?The Western World—?Importance of History—?Columbus—?Colonization—?Canada—?America—?Cartier—?French Canadian writers—?Cartier’s first visit—?Huguenots—?Cartier’s second visit—?Jean Francois—?Sir George E. Cartier—?Establishment of the Fur Trade—?Champlain—?Discovery of Lake Ontario—?Bay of QuintÉ—?Quebec founded—?First fighting with Indians—?First taking of Quebec by the British—?Returned to France—?The Recollets and Jesuits—?Death of Champlain—?Foundation of Montreal—?Emigration from France—?The Carignan Regiment—?DeCourcelle—?Proposal to found a Fort at Lake Ontario—?Frontenac—?Fort at Cataraqui—?La Salle—?Fort at Niagara—?First vessel upon the Lakes—?Its fate—?Death of La Salle, the first settler of Upper Canada—?Founder of Louisiana—?Discoverer of the mouth of the Mississippi 1
CHAPTER II.
Cataraqui Fort strengthened—?Kente Indians seized and carried captive to France—?Massacre of Lachine—?Commencing struggle between New England and New France—?Siege of Quebec by Sir Wm. Phipps—?Destruction of Fort Cataraqui—?Its re-erection—?Treaty of Ryswick—?Death of Frontenac—?Iroquois in England—?Another attempt to capture Quebec—?Decline of French power—?Population of Canada and of New England—?Continuation of the contest for the fur trade—?Taking of Fort Louisburg—?Col. Washington, dishonorable conduct—?Inconsistency of Dr. Franklin—?Commencement of seven years’ war—?Close of first year—?Montcalm—?His presentiment—?Taking of Fort Oswego—?Of Fort William Henry—?Fearful massacre—?The state of Canada—?Wolfe appears—?Taking of Frontenac—?Duquesne—?Apathy of France—?The Spring of 1759—?Reduced state of Canada—?Overthrow of French power in America—?The result—?Union of elements—?The capture of Quebec—?Wolfe—?Death of Montcalm—?Fort Niagara—?Johnson—?Effort to retake Quebec—?Wreck of the French army—?Capitulation at Montreal—?Population—?The first British Governor of Canada—?The Canadians as British subjects—?The result of French enterprise—?Rebellion 15
DIVISION I.
THE REBELLION OF 1776—?THE THIRTEEN COLONIES.
CHAPTER III.
First American rebellion—?Independence—?Traitors made heroes—?Loyalists driven away to found another colony—?The responsibility of rebelling—?Treatment of the Loyalists—?The several colonies—?The first Englishman in America—?Receives £10—?English colonization—?Virginia—?Convicts—?Extent of Virginia—?First Governor—?Virginians not willing to rebel—?Quota supplied to the rebel army—?New York—?Hudson—?The Dutch—?New Netherlands—?Price of New Amsterdam (New York)—?First Legislative Assembly—?Not quick to rebel—?Quota of rebel troops—?Gave many settlers to Upper Canada—?New Jersey—?Its settlement—?A battle ground—?Gave rebel troops; also loyal troops—?Furnished settlers to Upper Canada—?Massachusetts—?Captain Smith—?New England Puritans—?The “Mayflower”—?First Governor—?Cruel treatment of Indians—?Massachusetts takes the lead in rebelling—?Troops—?Loyalists—?New Hampshire—?Troops—?Delaware—?Settlement—?Quota of rebel troops—?Connecticut—?Education—?Troops—?Roman Catholics—?Toleration—?Rhode Island—?Providence—?Inconsistency of the Puritans—?Roger Williams—?North Carolina—?Inhabitants—?South Carolina—?Many Loyalists—?Pennsylvania—?William Penn—?Conduct toward Indians—?The people opposed to rebellion—?Georgia—?Oglethorpe—?Policy of New England—?New England 32
CHAPTER IV.
American writers—?Sabine—?Loyalists had no time to waste—?Independence not sought at first—?Adams—?Franklin—?Jay—?Jefferson—?Washington—?Madison—?The British Government—?Ingratitude of the Colonists—?Taxation—?Smugglers—?Crown officers—?Persistence—?Superciliousness Contest between Old England and New England 41
CHAPTER V.
The signers of the Declaration of Independence—?Their nativity—?Injustice of American writers for 80 years—?Cast back mis-statements—?The Whigs had been U. E. Loyalists—?Hancock—?Office-seekers—?Malcontents stir up strife—?What the fathers of the Republic fought for—?Rebel committees—?Black mail—?Otis, John Adams, Warren, Washington, Henry, Franklin—?What caused them to rebel—?What the American revolutionary heroes actually were—?Cruelty, during and after the war—?No Freedom—?The political mistake of the rebels in alienating the loyalists—?The Consequence—?Motives of the loyalists—?False charges—?Conscientious Conservatives—?Rebellion not warranted—?Attachment to the old flag—?Loyalists driven away—?Suppressio veri—?Want of noble spirit towards the South—?Effects—?Comparison between loyalists and rebels—?Education—?Religion—?The neutral—?The professions 46
CHAPTER VI.
Republicanism—?The lesson of the first rebellion—?The late civil war—?The Loyalists; their losses and hardships—?Ignored by Americans—?Unrecorded—?The world kept in ignorance—?American glory—?Englishmen—?Question of Colonial treatment—?The reason why Great Britain failed to subdue the rebellion—?Character of the rebel bravery—?The great result—?Liberty in England and United States contrasted—?Slavery—?The result to U. E. Loyalists—?Burgoyne—?Mobocracy—?Treatment from “Sons of Liberty”—?Old men, women and children—?Instances of cruelty—?Brutality—?Rapacity—?Torture—?The lower classes—?“Swamp Law”—?Fiendish cruelty—?Worse than Butler’s Rangers—?Seward and the Fenians—?Infamous falsification—?Close of the war—?Recognition of independence by Great Britain—?Crushed hopes of the Loyalists—?In New York—?Their conduct—?Evacuation day—?The position of the Loyalists—?Confiscation—?“Attainting”—?S es a knighthood 224
CHAPTER XXIII.
Ode to Canada—?Early events—?First English child in America, 1587—?In New England—?First French child, 1621—?First in Upper Canada, 1783—?In Prince Edward—?Adolphustown—?Ameliasburgh—?North of the Rideau—?Indian marriage ceremony—?Difficulty among first settlers to get clergymen—?First marriage in America, 1608—?First in New England, 1621—?First in Canada, 1621—?Marriageable folks—?No one to tie the matrimonial knot—?Only one clergyman—?Officers marrying—?Magistrates empowered—?Legislation, 1793—?Its provision—?Making valid certain marriages—?Further Legislation, 1798—?In 1818—?1821—?1831—?Clergymen of all denominations permitted to marry—?Methodist ministers—?Marriage license, 1814—?Five persons appointed to issue—?A noticeable matter—?Statements of Bates—?Mode of courting in the woods—?Newcastle wedding expeditions—?Weapons of defence—?Ladies’ dresses—?The lover’s “rig”—?A wedding ring—?Paying the magistrate—?A good corn basket—?Going to weddings—?“Bitters”—?Old folks stay at home—?The dance, several nights—?Marriage outfit—?Frontier life—?Morals in Upper Canada—?Absence of irregularities—?Exceptional instances—?Unable to get married, Peter and Polly—?A singular witness—?Rev. Mr. Stuart—?Langhorn—?McDowell—?How to adorn the bride—?What she wore—?A wedding in 1808—?On horseback—?The guests—?The wedding—?The banquet—?The game of forfeits—?The night—?Second day wedding—?The young folks on horseback—?Terpischorean—?An elopement by canoe—?The Squire—?The chase—?The lovers successful—?The Squires who married 232
CHAPTER XXIV.
Burying places—?How selected—?Family burying place—?For the neighborhood—?The Dutch—?Upon the Hudson—?Bay QuintÉ—?A sacred spot to the Loyalists—?Ashes to ashes—?Primitive mode of burial—?The coffin—?At the grave—?The father’s remarks—?Return to labor—?French Burying-place at Frontenac—?Its site—?U. E. Loyalists’ burying place at Kingston—?The “U. E. burying-ground,” Adolphustown—?Worthy sires of Canada’s sons—?Decay—?Neglect of illustrious dead—?Repair wanted—?Oldest burying-ground in Prince Edward—?Ross Place—?At East Lake—?Upon the Rose farm—?“The Dutch burying-ground”—?Second growth trees—?In Sophiasburgh—?Cronk farm—?In Sidney—?Rude tomb stones—?Burial-place of Captain Myers—?Reflections—?Dust to dust—?In Thurlow—?“Taylor burying-ground”—?The first person buried—?Lieut. Ferguson—?An aged female—?Her work done—?Wheels stand still 243
DIVISION V.
THE EARLY CLERGYMEN AND CHURCHES.
CHAPTER XXV.
French missionaries—?First in 1615—?Recollets—?With Champlain—?Jesuits, in 1625—?Valuable records—?Bishopric of Quebec, 1674—?First Bishop of Canada, Laval—?Rivalry—?Power of Jesuits—?Number of missionaries—?Their “relations”—?First mission field; Bay QuintÉ region—?“Antient mission”—?How founded—?First missionaries—?Kleus, Abbe D’UrfÉ—?La Salle to build a church—?The ornaments and sacred vessels—?The site of the “Chappel” uncertain—?Bald Bluff, Carrying Place—?Silver crosses—?Mission at Georgian Bay—?The “Christian Islands”—?Chapel at Michilmicinac, 1679—?The natives attracted—?Subjects of the French King—?Francois Picquet—?La Presentation—?Soegasti—?The most important mission—?The object—?Six Nations—?The missionary’s living—?“Disagreeable expostulations”—?Putting stomach in order—?Trout—?Picquet’s mode of teaching Indians—?The same afterwards adopted by Rev. W. Case—?Picquet’s success—?Picquet on a voyage—?At Fort Toronto—?Mississaugas’ request—?Picquet’s reply—?A slander—?At Niagara, Oswego—?At Frontenac—?Grand reception—?Return to La Presentation—?Picquet in the last French war—?Returns to France—?By Mississippi—?“Apostles of Peace”—?Unseemly strife—?Last of the Jesuits in Canada 249
CHAPTER XXVI.
First church in New York, 1633—?First Dominie, Rev. Everardus Bogardus—?The Dutch, Huguenots, Pilgrims—?Transporting ministers and churches—?First Rector of New York, Wm. Vesey—?Henry Barclay, 1746—?First Catholic Bishop in America, 1789—?Episcopalian Bishop, 1796—?Moral state of Pioneers in Canada—?Religion—?No ministers—?No striking immorality—?Feared God and honored their King—?The Fathers of Upper Canada—?Religious views—?A hundred years ago—?“Carousing and Dancing”—?Rev. Dr. John Ogilvie—?First Protestant clergyman in Canada—?Chaplain, 1759, at Niagara—?A Missionary Successor of Dr. Barclay, New York—?Death, 1774—?Rev. John Doughty—?A Graduate ordained—?At Peekskill—?Schenectady—?A Loyalist—?A Prisoner—?To Canada—?Chaplain—?To England—?Returns—?Missionary Resigns—?Rev Dr. John Stuart—?First clergyman to settle—?His memoir—?The “Father of the U. C. Church”—?Mission work—?The five nations—?The Dutch—?Rev. Mr. Freeman—?Translator—?Rev. Mr. Andrews—?Rev. Mr. Spencer Woodbridge, Howley—?New England missionaries—?Rev. Dr. Whelock—?The Indian converts—?The London society—?Rev. Mr. Inglis—?John Stuart selected missionary—?A native of Pennsylvania—?Irish descent—?A graduate, Phil. Coll.—?Joins Church of England—?To England—?Ordination—?Holy Orders, 1770—?Enters upon his work 255
CHAPTER XXVII.
At Fort Hunter—?Mr. Stuart’s first sermon, Christmas—?Officiates in Indian tongue—?Translates—?The rebellion—?Prayers for the King—?The Johnsons—?Rebels attack his house—?Plunder—?Indignity—?Church desecrated—?Used as a stable—?A barrel of rum—?Arrested—?Ordered to come before rebel commissioners—?On Parole—?Limits—?Idle two years—?To Albany—?Phil—?Determines to remove to Canada—?Not secure—?Exchanging—?Security—?Real estate forfeited—?Route—?Negroes—?The journey, three weeks—?At St. John’s—?Charge of Public School—?Chaplain—?At the close of the war—?Three Protestant Parishes—?Determines to settle at Cataraqui—?Chapl d>
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Extract from Cooper—?Educational institutions—?Kingston—?Queen’s College—?Own’s Real Estate—?Regiopolis College—?Roman Catholic—?Grammar School—?Attendance—?School houses—?Library—?Separate School—?Private Schools—?The Quaker School—?William Penn—?Upon the Hudson—?Near Bloomfield—?Origin of school—?Gurnay—?His offer—?Management of school—?The teaching—?Mrs. Crombie’s school—?Picton ladies’ Academy—?McMullen, proprietor—?Teachers—?Gentlemen’s department—?Popular—?The art of printing—?In America—?Book publishing—?First in America—?Books among the loyalists—?Few—?Passed around—?Ferguson’s books—?The Bible—?Libraries at Kingston and Bath—?Legislation—?In Lower Canada—?Reading room at Hallowell—?Reserves for education—?Upper Canada in respect to education—?Praiseworthy—?Common School system bill introduced 1841—?Amended, 1846—?Dr. Ryerson’s system—?Unsurpassed 341
CHAPTER XL.
First Newspapers, 1457—?Year, 66—?English Newspapers—?In America—?In Canada—?‘Gazette’—?Founder—?Papers in 1753—?Quebec ‘Herald’—?Montreal ‘Gazette’—?‘Le Temps’—?Quebec ‘Mercury’—?Canadian ‘Courant’—?‘Royal Gazette’—?First in Newfoundland—?‘U. C. Gazette’—?First paper—?Subscribers—?Upper Canada ‘Guardian’—?Wilcox—?Mr. Thorpe—?Opposition—?Libel—?Elected to Parliament—?York Jail—?Leader—?In 1812—?Deserted—?York ‘Gazette’—?Kingston ‘Gazette’—?Only Paper—?News sixty years ago—?In Midland District—?Rev. Mr. Miles—?Pioneer of Journalism—?His Birthplace—?Learns the printing business—?Mower—?Montreal ‘Gazette’—?Kendall—?Partnership—?To Kingston in 1810—?The printing office—?Kingston ‘Gazette’—?Mr. Miles sells out—?The concern purchased—?Mr. Miles asked to be Editor—?Their kindness—?Gratitude—?Second Volume—?Extract from ‘Gazette’—?The Price—?Kingston ‘Chronicle’—?Upper Canada ‘Herald’—?‘Canadian Watchman’—?Mr. Miles at Prescott—?Returns to Kingston—?Enters the Ministry—?Loyal Subject—?In 1812—?On Duty—?Archdeacon Stuart—?Col. Cartwright—?Contributors to ‘Gazette’—?Our Thanks—?A Watch—?Faithfulness—?“A Good Chance”—?Subscribers at York—?Kingston ‘Spectator’—?‘Patriot’—?‘Argus’—?‘Commercial Advertizer’—?‘British Whig’—?‘Chronicle’ and ‘News’—?First Daily in Upper Canada—?Paper Boxes—?Brockville ‘Recorder’—?A Reform paper—?McLeod—?Grenville ‘Gazette’—?Prescott ‘Telegraph’—?‘Christian Guardian’—?Reform Journals 350
CHAPTER XLI.
First paper between Kingston and York—?Hallowell “Free Press”—?The Editor—?“Recluse”—?Fruitless efforts—?Proprietor—?Wooden press—?Of iron—?“Free Press,” independent—?The “Traveller”—?Press removed to Cobourg—?“Prince Edward Gazette”—?“Picton Gazette”—?“Picton Sun”—?“Picton Times”—?“New Nation”—?“Cobourg Star”—?“Anglo-Canadian” at Belleville—?The Editor—?Price—?The “Phoenix”—?Slicer—?“Canadian Wesleyan”—?“Hastings Times”—?The “Reformer”—?The “Intelligencer”—?George Benjamin—?The “Victoria Chronicle”—?“Hastings Chronicle”—?Extract from Playter—?“Colonial Advocate”—?“Upper Canada Herald”—?“Barker’s Magazine”—?“Victoria Magazine”—?Joseph Wilson—?Mrs. Moodie—?Sheriff Moodie—?Pioneer in Canadian literature—?Extract from Morgan—?“Literary Garland”—?“Roughing it in the Bush”—?“Eclectic Magazine”—?“Wilson’s Experiment”—?“Wilson’s Canada Casket”—?The “Bee” at Napanee—?“Emporium”—?The “Standard”—?The “Reformer”—?“North American”—?“Ledger”—?“Weekly Express”—?“Christian Casket”—?“Trenton Advocate”—?“British Ensign”—?The “Canadian Gem”—?“Maple Leaf”—?Papers in 1853—?Canadian papers superior to American—?Death at Boston—?Berczy—?Canadian idioms—?Accent—?Good English—?Superstition—?Home education—?Fireside stories—?Traditions 358
DIVISION VII.
THE TERRITORY OF UPPER CANADA—?THE BAY QUINTÉ.
CHAPTER XLII.
The Indians—?Their origin—?Pre-historic Canada—?Indian relics—?Original inhabitants—?Les Iroquois du nord—?Original names—?Peninsula of Upper Canada—?Champlain exploring—?Ascends the Ottawa—?His route to Lake Nippissing—?To Lake Huron—?French river—?The country—?Georgian Bay—?Lake Simcoe—?Down the Trent—?A grand trip—?Bay QuintÉ and Lake Ontario discovered—?War demonstration—?Wintering at the Bay—?A contrast—?Roundabout way—?Erroneous impressions 366
CHAPTER XLIII.
Name—?Letter, “Daily News”—?“Omega” Lines—?The writer—?Conjectures—?Five Bays—?Indian origin—?Kentes—?Villages—?Les Couis—?Modes of spelling—?Canty—?The occupants, 1783—?Mississaugas—?Origin—?With the Iroquois—?The Souter—?Mississaugas, dark—?At Kingston—?Bay QuintÉ—?Land bought—?Reserves—?Claim upon the islands—?Wappoose Island—?Indian agent—?Indians hunting—?Up the Sagonaska—?Making sugar—?Peaceable—?To Kingston for presents 374
CHAPTER XLIV.
Appearance—?Mouth of Bay—?Length—?The Peninsula of Prince Edward—?Width of Bay—?Long Reach—?Course of Bay—?The High Shore—?Division of bay—?Eastern, central, western—?Taking a trip—?Through the Reach—?A picture—?A r’s farm—?A “Postscript”—?Along the St. Lawrence—?Ribaldry—?The Commissary—?Capt. Wilkins—?Quakers—?Rate of pay—?American prisoners—?The Wounded—?Surgeons, Dougal, Meacham—?Jonathan Phillips—?Militiamen’s reward—?Militia orders—?Parliamentary grants 551
CHAPTER LXIV.
The Six Nations in 1812—?American animus—?“Manifest Destiny”—?Mohawk Indians—?A right to defend their homes—?Inconsistency—?American savages—?Extract from Playter—?Brock’s proclamation—?Indian character, conduct, eloquence—?Deserters in 1812—?Few of them—?Court-martials—?The attempts at conquest by the Americans—?The numbers—?Result of war—?Canadians saved the country—?And can do so—?Fraternal kindness 564
DIVISION XI.
ADVANCE OF CIVILIZATION.
CHAPTER LXV.
Canada’s first step in civilization—?Slavery in America—?By whom introduced—?False charge—?Slavery in Canada—?History—?Imperial Acts—?Legislation in Canada—?The several clauses—?In Lower Canada—?Justice Osgood—?Slavery at the Rebellion—?Among the U. E. Loyalists—?Those who held slaves—?Descendants of the slaves—?“A British slave”—?“For sale”—?“Indian slave”—?Upper Canada’s Record—?Compared with the States—?Liberty—?Why the United States abolished slavery—?Honor to whom honor is due 569
CHAPTER LXVI.
Returns to the Pioneer—?Bay Region—?Garden of Canada—?Clogs—?False views of settlers—?Result—?New blood—?Good example—?Anecdote—?The “Family Compact”—?Partiality—?Origin of the Compact—?Their conduct—?The evil they did—?A proposed Canadian Aristocracy—?What it would have led to—?What may come—?“Peter Funks” 580
CHAPTER LXVII.
Agriculture—?Natural Products—?Rice—?Ginseng—?Orchards—?Plows—?Reaping—?Flax—?Legislation—?Agricultural Society organized by Simcoe—?A Snuff Box—?Fogies—?Silver—?Want of help—?Midland District taking the lead—?Societies—?Legislative help—?Prince Edward—?Pearl Ashes—?Factories—?Tanneries—?Breweries, Carding Machines—?Paper—?Lumber—?First vehicles—?Sleighs—?Waggons—?Home-made—?Roads—?First Public Conveyances—?Stages—?Fare—?Building Greater—?Sawing Mills introduced by the Dutch—?First Brick Building—?Myers’ House—?Its past history—?Furniture from Albany—?Currency—?Paper Money—?Banks—?First Merchants—?Barter—?Pedlars—?On the Bay 587
CHAPTER LXVIII.
Steam vessels—?Crossing the Atlantic in 1791—?First Steam Vessel—?Hudson—?The second on the St. Lawrence—?First across the Atlantic—?In Upper Canada—?Frontenac—?Built in Ernesttown—?The Builders—?Finkle’s Point—?Cost of Vessel—?Dimensions—?Launched—?First Trip—?Captain McKenzie—?‘Walk-in-the-Water’—?Queen Charlotte—?How Built—?Upon Bay QuintÉ—?Capt. Dennis—?First year—?Death of Dennis—?Henry Gilderslieve—?What he did—?Other Steamboats—?Canals—?First in Upper Canada—?Welland Canal—?Desjardin—?Rideau—?Its object—?Col. By—?A proposed Canal—?Railroads—?The first in the world—?Proposed Railway from Kingston to Toronto, 1846—?In Prince Edward District—?Increase of Population—?Extract from Dr. Lillie—?Comparison with the United States—?Favorable to Canada—?False Cries—?The French—?Midland District, 1818 599
DIVISION XII.
THE UNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS—?THE FATHERS OF UPPER CANADA.
CHAPTER LXIX.
Definition—?A division—?Their principles—?Our position—?Ancestry—?Dutch—?Puritans—?Huguenots—?New Rochelle—?English writers—?Talbot—?Falsehoods—?Canadian and English ancestry—?Howison—?Maligner—?Gourlay’s reply—?Palatines—?Old names 616
CHAPTER LXX.
Character—?Hospitality—?At home—?Fireside—?Visitors—?Bees—?Raisings—?Easter Eggs—?Dancing—?Hovington House—?Caste—?Drinks—?Horse-racing—?Boxing—?Amusements—?La Crosse—?Duels—?Patriotism—?Annexation—?Freedom—?Egotism—?The Loyalists—?Instances—?Longevity—?Climate of Canada—?A quotation—?Long lived—?The children—?The present race—?A nationality—?Comparison—?“U. E. Loyalist”—?Their Privileges—?Order of Council—?Dissatisfaction 624
CHAPTER LXXI.
Notice of a Few—?Booth—?Brock—?Burritt—?Cotter—?Cartwright—?Conger—?Cole—?Dempsey—?Detlor—?Fraser—?Finkle—?Fisher—?Fairfield—?Grass—?Gamble—?Hagerman—?Johnson’s—?“Bill” Johnson—?Macaulay—?The Captive, Christian Moore—?Parliament—?Morden—?Roblins—?Simon—?Van Alstine—?Wallbridge—?Chrysler—?White—?Wilkins—?Stewart—?Wilson—?Metcalf—?Jayne—?McIntosh—?Bird—?Gerow—?Vankleek—?Perry—?Sir William Johnson’s children 642
APPENDIX.
Roll of the 2nd Battalion King’s Royal Regiment 667

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