EARLY HISTORY OF GUJARÁT.

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Boundaries and Name 1–5

Ancient Divisions:

Ánartta; SurÁsh?ra; LÁ?a 6–7

Legends:

Ánartta the first PurÁ?ic king of GujarÁt, and the YÁdavas in DwÁrika 8–12

Mauryan and Greek Rule (b.c.319–100):

The Mauryas (b.c.319–197); The Greeks (b.c.180–100) 13–19

The Kshatrapas (b.c.70–a.d.398):

The Name; Northern Kshatrapas; Western Kshatrapas; NahapÁna (a.d.78–120); UshavadÁta (a.d.100–120); NahapÁna’s Era; MÁlava Era; Chash?ana (a.d.130); The Mevas or Me?as; JayadÁman (a.d.140–143) 20–34

RudradÁman (a.d.143–158); Sudarsana Lake; The Yaudheyas; DÁmÁza?a or DÁmÁja?asrÍ (a.d.158–168); JivadÁman (a.d.178); Rudrasim?ha I. (a.d.181–196); Rudrasena (a.d.203–220); P?ithivÍsena (a.d.222); San?ghadÁman (a.d.222–226); DÁmasena (a.d.226–236); DÁmÁja?asrÍ II. (a.d.236) 35–45

VÍradÁman (a.d.236–238); YasadÁman (a.d.239); Vijayasena (a.d.238–249); DÁmÁja?asrÍ (a.d.250–255); Rudrasena II. (a.d.256–272); Visvasim?ha (a.d.272–278); Bhartt?idÁman (a.d.278–294); Visvasena (a.d.294–300); Rudrasim?ha (a.d.308–311); YasadÁman (a.d.320); DÁmasiri (a.d.320); Rudrasena (a.d.348–376); Sim?hasena; Skanda; Ísvaradatta (a.d.230–250); Kshatrapa Family Tree 46–54

The TraikÚ?akas (a.d.250–450):

Initial Date; Their Race 55–59

The Guptas (G. 90–149; a.d.410–470):

Dynasty; The founder Gupta (a.d.319–322 [?]); Gha?otkacha (a.d.322–349 [?]); Chandragupta I. (a.d.349–369 [?]; Samudragupta (a.d.370–395); Chandragupta II. (a.d.396–415); KumÁragupta (a.d.416–453); Skandagupta (a.d.454–470) 60–70

Budhagupta (a.d.485); BhÁnugupta (a.d.511); The Pushyamitras (a.d.455); White Huns (a.d.450–520); Mihirakula (a.d.512); Yasodharman of MÁlwa (a.d.533–34) 71–77

The Valabhis (a.d.509–766):

Val?eh Town (1893); Valabhi in a.d.630; Valabhi Copperplates; Valabhi Administration (a.d.500–700); Territorial Divisions; Land Assessment; Religion; Origin of the Valabhis; History 78–86

First Valabhi Grant (a.d.526); SenÁpati Bha?Árka (a.d.509–520?); the Maitrakas (a.d.470–509); SenÁpati’s Sons; Dhruvasena I. (a.d.526–535); Guhasena (a.d.539–569); Dharasena II. (a.d.569–589); SÍlÁditya I. (a.d.594–609); Kharagraha (a.d.610–615); Dharasena III. (a.d.615–620); Dhruvasena II. (BÁlÁditya) (a.d.620–640); Dharasena IV. (a.d.640–649); Dhruvasena III. (a.d.650–656); Kharagraha (a.d.656–665); SÍlÁditya III. (a.d.666–675); SÍlÁditya IV. (a.d.691); SÍlÁditya V. (a.d.722); SÍlÁditya VI. (a.d.760); SÍlÁditya VII. (a.d.766); Valabhi Family Tree; The fall of Valabhi (a.d.750–770); The importance of Valabhi 87–96

Valabhi and the Gehlots; The VÁlas of KÁthiÁvÁ?a; The VÁlas and KÁthis; Descent from Kanaksen (a.d.150); MewÁ? and the Persians; VÁlas 97–106

The ChÁlukyas (a.d.634–740):

Jayasim?havarmman (a.d.666–693); SryÁsraya SÍlÁditya (heir apparent) (a.d.669–691); MangalarÁja (a.d.698–731); Pulakesi JanÁsraya (a.d.738); Buddhavarmman (a.d.713?); NÁgavarddhana; ChÁlukya Tree 107–112

The Gurjjaras (a.d.580–808):

Copperplates; Gurjjara Tree; Dadda I. (c. 585–605 a.d.); Jayabha?a I. VÍtarÁga (c. 605–620 a.d.); Dadda II. PrasÁntarÁga (c. 620–650 a.d.); Jayabha?a II. (c. 650–675 a.d.); Dadda III. BÁhusahÁya (c. 675–700 a.d.); Jayabha?a III. (c. 704–734 a.d.) 113–118

The RÁsh?rakÚ?as (a.d.743–974):

Origin; Name; Early Dynasty (a.d.450–500); The main Dynasty (a.d.630–972); RÁsh?rakÚ?a Family Tree (a.d.630–972); Copperplates; Kakka II. (a.d.747); K?ish?a and Govinda II. (a.d.765–795); Dhruva I. (a.d.795); Govinda III. (a.d.800–808); Indra (a.d.808–812); Karka I. (a.d.812–821); Dantivarmman (Heir Apparent); Govinda (a.d.827–833); Dhruva I. (a.d.835–867); AkÁlavarsha (a.d.867); Dhruva II. (a.d.867); AkÁlavarsha K?ish?a (a.d.888); Main Line restored (a.d.888–974); K?ish?a AkÁlavarsha (a.d.888–914); Indra Nityam?varsha (a.d.914) 119–134

The Mihiras or Mers (a.d.470–900):

History; The ChÚ?ÁsamÁs (a.d.900–940); The JethvÁs; The Mers; White HÚ?as; JhÁlÁs 135–147

THE KINGDOM OF A?AHILAVÁ?A (a.d.720–1300).

The ChÁva?Ás (a.d.720–956):

PaÑchÁsar (a.d.788); Jayasekhara (a.d.696); VanarÁja (a.d.720–780?); Founding of A?ahilavÁ?a (a.d.746–765); VanarÁja’s Installation; His Image; VanarÁja’s Successors (a.d.780–961); YogarÁja (a.d.806–841); KshemarÁja (a.d.841–880); ChÁmu??a (a.d.880–908); GhÁgha?a (a.d.908–937); ChÁva?Á Genealogy 149–155

The Chaulukyas or Solan?kis (a.d.961–1242):

Authorities; The name Chaulukya; MÚlarÁja (a.d.961–996); ChÁmu??a (a.d.997–1010); Durlabha (a.d.1010–1022); BhÍma I. (a.d.1022–1064); MahmÚd’s Invasion (a.d.1024); SomanÁtha (a.d.1024) 156–169

Kar?a (a.d.1064–1094); SiddharÁja Jayasingha (a.d.1094–1143) 170–181

KumÁrapÁla (a.d.1143–1174); AjayapÁla (a.d.1174–1177); MÚlarÁja II. (a.d.1177–1179); BhÍma II. (a.d.1179–1242) 182–197

The VÁghelÁs (a.d.1219–1304):

Ar?orÁja (a.d.1170–1200); Lava?aprasÁda (a.d.1200–1233); VÍradhavala (a.d.1233–1238); VÍsaladeva (a.d.1243–1261); Arju?adeva (a.d.1262–1274); SÁran?gadeva (a.d.1275–1296); Kar?adeva (a.d.1296–1304); VÁghela Genealogy 198–206

MUSALMÁN PERIOD (a.d.1297–1760).

Introduction:

Territorial Limits; Sorath; KÁthiÁvÁ?a; Under the Kings (a.d.1403–1573); Under the Mughals (a.d.1573–1760); Condition of GujarÁt (a.d.1297–1802) 207–228

Early MusalmÁn Governors (a.d.1297–1403):

AlÁ-ud-dÍn Khilji Emperor (a.d.1295–1315); Ulugh KhÁn (a.d.1297–1317); Ain-ul-Mulk Governor (a.d.1318); Order established (a.d.1318); Muhammad Tughlak Emperor (a.d.1325–1351); TÁj-ul-Mulk Governor (a.d.1320); Suppression of insurrection (a.d.1347); Surrender of GirnÁr and Kachh (a.d.1350); FÍrÚz Tughlak Emperor (a.d.1351–1388); Zafar KhÁn Governor (a.d.1371); Farhat-ul-Mulk Governor (a.d.1376–1391); Muhammad Tughlak II. Emperor (a.d.1391–1393); Zafar KhÁn Governor (a.d.1391–1403) 229–233

AhmedÁbÁd Kings (a.d.1403–1573):

Muhammad I. (a.d.1403–1404); Muzaffar (a.d.1407–1419); Ahmed I. (a.d.1411–1441); AhmedÁbÁd built (a.d.1413); Defeat of the Ídar Chief (a.d.1414); Spread of IslÁm (a.d.1414); Expedition against MÁlwa (a.d.1417); ChÁmpÁner attacked (a.d.1418); War with MÁlwa (a.d.1422); Defeat of the Ídar Chief (a.d.1425); Recovery of MÁhim (a.d.1429) and BÁglÁn (a.d.1431); Muhammad II. (a.d.1441–1452); Kutb-ud-dÍn (a.d.1451–1459); War with MÁlwa (a.d.1451) Battle of Kapadvanj (a.d.1454); War with NÁgor (a.d.1454–1459); War with Chitor (a.d.1455–1459) 234–242

MahmÚd I. Begada (a.d.1459–1513); Defeat of a conspiracy (a.d.1459); Improvement of the soldiery (a.d.1459–1461); Help given to the king of the Dakhan (a.d.1461); Expedition against JunÁga?h (a.d.1467); Capture of GirnÁr (a.d.1472); Disturbances in ChÁmpÁner (a.d.1472); Conquest of Kachh; Jagat destroyed; Conspiracy (a.d.1480); War against ChÁmpÁner (a.d.1482–1484); Capture of PÁvÁga? (a.d.1484); The KhÁndesh succession (a.d.1508); Muzaffar II. (a.d.1513–1526); Expedition against Ídar (a.d.1514); Disturbances in MÁlwa (a.d.1517); Capture of MÁndu (a.d.1518); War with Chitor (a.d.1519); Submission of the RÁna of Chitor (a.d.1521); Death of Muzaffar II. (a.d.1526) 243–252

Sikandar (a.d.1526); MÁhmÚd II. (a.d.1526); BahÁdur (a.d.1527–1536); Portuguese intrigues (a.d.1526); KhÁndesh affairs (a.d.1528); Turks at Diu (a.d.1526–1530); Capture of MÁndu (a.d.1530); Quarrel with HumÁyÚn (a.d.1532); Fall of Chitor (a.d.1535); Mughal conquest of GujarÁt (a.d.1535); The Mughals driven out (a.d.1536); The Portuguese at Diu (a.d.1536); Death of BahÁdur (a.d.1536); Muhammad II. ÁsÍri (a.d.1536–1554); His escape from control; Choosing of evil favourites; Quarrels among the nobles; Disturbances (a.d.1545); Death of MahmÚd (a.d.1554); Ahmed II. (a.d.1554–1561); ÍtimÁd KhÁn Regent; Partition of the province; Dissensions; SultÁnpur and NandurbÁr handed to KhÁndesh (a.d.1560); Defeat and death of Sayad MubÁrak; Death of ImÁd-ul-Mulk RÚmi; Daman district ceded to the Portuguese (a.d.1550); Assassination of Ahmed II. (a.d.1560); Muzaffar III. (a.d.1561–1572), a minor; ÍtimÁd KhÁn and the FaulÁdis; The MÍrzÁs (a.d.1571); Defeat of ÍtimÁd KhÁn; Death of ChangÍz KhÁn; ÍtimÁd KhÁn and the Emperor Akbar (a.d.1572) 252–264

Mughal Viceroys (a.d.1573–1758).

Emperor Akbar (a.d.1573–1605):

Capture of Broach and Surat and advance to AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1573); Mirza ÁzÍz first Viceroy (a.d.1573–1575); Insurrection quelled by Akbar (a.d.1573); MÍrza KhÁn second Viceroy (a.d.1575–1577); Survey by RÁja Todar Mal; ShahÁb-ud-din third Viceroy (a.d.1577–1583); Expedition against JunÁga?h; ÍtimÁd KhÁn GujarÁti fourth Viceroy (a.d.1583–1584); AhmedÁbÁd captured by Muzaffar (a.d.1583); MÍrza Abdur RahÍm KhÁn (KhÁn KhÁnÁn) fifth Viceroy (a.d.1583–1587); Defeat of Muzaffar (a.d.1584); IsmÁÍl Kuli KhÁn sixth Viceroy (a.d.1587); MÍrza ÁzÍz KokaltÁsh seventh Viceroy (a.d.1588–1592); Refuge sought by Muzaffar in KÁthiÁvÁ?a; Muzaffar attacked by the imperial army; Muzaffar’s flight to Kachh and suicide (a.d.1591–92); SultÁn MurÁd Baksh eighth Viceroy (a.d.1592–1600); Mirza ÁzÍz KokaltÁsh ninth Viceroy (a.d.1600–1606) 265–273

JahÁngir Emperor (a.d.1605–1627):

KalÍj KhÁn tenth Viceroy (a.d.1606); Sayad Murtaza eleventh Viceroy (a.d.1606–1609); MÍrza ÁzÍz KokaltÁsh twelfth Viceroy (a.d.1609–1611); Sack of Surat by Malik Âmbar (a.d.1609); AbdullÁh KhÁn FÍrÚz Jang thirteenth Viceroy (a.d.1611–1616); Mukarrab KhÁn fourteenth Viceroy (a.d.1616); Elephant-hunting in the Panch MahÁls (a.d.1616); Prince ShÁh JehÁn fifteenth Viceroy (a.d.1618–1622); Rebellion of ShÁh JehÁn (a.d.1622–23); ShÁhi BÁgh built at AhmedÁbÁd; SultÁn DÁwar Baksh sixteenth Viceroy (a.d.1622–1624); Saif KhÁn seventeenth Viceroy (a.d.1624–1627) 273–277

ShÁh JehÁn Emperor (a.d.1627–1658):

Sher KhÁn TÚar eighteenth Viceroy (a.d.1627–1632); Famine (a.d.1631–1632); IslÁm KhÁn nineteenth Viceroy (a.d.1632); Disorder (a.d.1632); BÁkar KhÁn twentieth Viceroy (a.d.1632); SipÁhdÁr KhÁn twenty-first Viceroy (a.d.1633); Saif KhÁn twenty-second Viceroy (a.d.1633–1635); Ázam KhÁn twenty-third Viceroy (a.d.1635–1642); The Kolis punished; The KÁthis subdued; Revolt of the JÁm of NavÁnagar (a.d.1640); Ísa TarkhÁn twenty-fourth Viceroy (a.d.1642–1644); Prince Muhammad AurangzÍb twenty-fifth Viceroy (a.d.1644–1646); ShÁistah KhÁn twenty-sixth Viceroy (a.d.1646–1648); Prince Muhammad DÁrÁ Shikoh twenty-seventh Viceroy (a.d.1648–1652); ShÁistah KhÁn twenty-eighth Viceroy (a.d.1652–1654); Prince MurÁd Bakhsh twenty-ninth Viceroy (a.d.1654–1657); MurÁd Baksh proclaimed emperor (a.d.1657) KÁsam KhÁn thirtieth Viceroy (a.d.1657–1659); Victory of MurÁd and AurangzÍb; MurÁd confined by AurangzÍb (a.d.1658) 277–282

Aurangzib Emperor (a.d.1658–1707):

ShÁh NawÁz KhÁn SafÁvi thirty-first Viceroy (a.d.1659); Rebellion of Prince DÁrÁ (a.d.1659); Prince DÁrÁ defeated (a.d.1659); Jasavantsingh thirty-second Viceroy (a.d.1659–1662); Jasavantsingh sent against ShivÁji (a.d.1662); MahÁbat KhÁn thirty-third Viceroy (a.d.1662–1668); Capture of NavÁnagar-IslÁmnagar (a.d.1664); Surat plundered by ShivÁji (a.d.1664); Copper coinage introduced (a.d.1668); KhÁn JehÁn thirty-fourth Viceroy (a.d.1668–1671); Sidi YÁkÚt the Mughal Admiral (a.d.1670); MahÁrÁja Jasavantsingh thirty-fifth Viceroy (a.d.1671–1674); Muhammad AmÍn KhÁn Umdat-ul-Mulk thirty-sixth Viceroy (a.d.1674–1683); Increased power of the BÁbi family; Revolt of Ídar (a.d.1679); MukhtÁr KhÁn thirty-seventh Viceroy (a.d.1683–1684); Famine (a.d.1684); ShujÁÂt KhÁn (KÁrtalab KhÁn) thirty-eighth Viceroy (a.d.1684–1703); Mutiny quelled by ShujÁÂt KhÁn (a.d.1689); Revolt of MatiÁs and MomnÁs (a.d.1691); Disturbances in KÁthiÁvÁ?a (a.d.1692) and MÁrwÁr; DurgÁdÁs RÁtho? reconciled to the Emperor (a.d.1697); Scarcity (a.d.1698); Prince Muhammad AÂzam thirty-ninth Viceroy (a.d.1703–1705); Intrigue against and escape of DurgÁdÁs RÁtho?; Surat (a.d.1700–1703); IbrÁhÍm KhÁn fortieth Viceroy (a.d.1705); MarÁthÁs enter GujarÁt; Battle of RatanpÚr and defeat of the MusalmÁns (a.d.1705); Battle of the BÁba PiÁrah Ford and second defeat of the MusalmÁns (a.d.1705); Koli disturbances; Prince Muhammad BÍdÁr Bakht forty-first Viceroy (a.d.1705–1706); DurgÁdÁs RÁtho? again in rebellion; IbrÁhÍm KhÁn forty-second Viceroy (a.d.1706) 283–295

Fifty Years of Disorder (a.d.1707–1757):

The MarÁtha advance to AhmedÁbÁd and levy of tribute (a.d.1707); BahÁdur ShÁh I. Emperor (a.d.1707–1712); GhÁzi-ud-dÍn forty-third Viceroy (a.d.1708–1710); JahÁndÁr ShÁh Emperor (a.d.1712–13); Ásif-ud-daulah forty-fourth Viceroy (a.d.1712–13); Farrukhsiyar Emperor (a.d.1713–1719); ShahÁmat KhÁn forty-fifth Viceroy (a.d.1713); DÁud KhÁn Panni forty-sixth Viceroy (a.d.1714–15); Religious riots in AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1714); Further riots in AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1715); MahÁrÁja AjÍtsingh forty-seventh Viceroy (a.d.1715–1716); Disagreement between the Viceroy and Haidar KÚli KhÁn (a.d.1715); KhÁn DaurÁn Nasrat Jang BahÁdur forty-eighth Viceroy (a.d.1716–1719); Famine (a.d.1719); Muhammad ShÁh Emperor (a.d.1721–1748); MahÁrÁja AjÍtsingh forty-ninth Viceroy (a.d.1719–1721); PilÁji GÁikwÁr at Songa? (a.d.1719); Decay of imperial power (a.d.1720); NizÁm-ul-Mulk Prime Minister of the Empire (a.d.1721); Haidar KÚli KhÁn fiftieth Viceroy (a.d.1721–1722); Disorder in AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1721); His arrival in GujarÁt (a.d.1722); Signs of independence shown by him and his recall (a.d.1722); NizÁm-ul-Mulk fifty-first Viceroy (a.d.1722); HÁmid KhÁn Deputy Viceroy; MomÍn KhÁn Governor of Surat (a.d.1722); Increase of MarÁtha power (a.d.1723) 295–304

Sarbuland KhÁn fifty-second Viceroy (a.d.1723–1730); ShujaÂt KhÁn appointed Deputy; NizÁm-ul-Mulk and Sarbuland KhÁn; Sarbuland KhÁn’s Deputy defeated (a.d.1724); the MarÁthÁs engaged as Allies; Battle of ArÁs; HÁmid KhÁn defeated by Rustam Áli (a.d.1723); HÁmid KhÁn joined by MarÁthÁs against Rustam Áli; MubÁriz-ul-Mulk sent against the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1725); Retreat of HÁmid KhÁn and the MarÁthÁs; AhmedÁbÁd entered by MubÁriz-ul-Mulk (a.d.1725); Defeat of the MarÁthÁs at Sojitra and Kapadvanj (a.d.1725); MarÁtha expedition against Vadnagar (a.d.1725); Tribute paid to the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1726); Alliance with the Peshwa (a.d.1727); Baroda and Dabhoi obtained by PilÁji GÁikwÁr (a.d.1727); Capture of ChÁmpÁner by the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1728); Grant of tribute to the Peshwa (a.d.1729); Disturbance raised by Mulla Muhammad Áli at Surat (a.d.1729); PetlÁd given in farm (a.d.1729); Athva fort (a.d.1730); The Viceroy in KÁthiÁvÁ?a and Kachh (a.d.1730); Riots at AhmedÁbÁd; MahÁrÁja Abheysingh fifty-third Viceroy (a.d.1730–1733); The new Viceroy resisted by MubÁriz-ul-Mulk; Battle of AdÁlaj; The MahÁrÁja defeated by MubÁriz-ul-Mulk (a.d.1730); Retreat of MubÁriz-ul-Mulk; Government of Abheysingh; MomÍn KhÁn, ruler of Cambay (a.d.1730); The Peshwa and Viceroy against PilÁji GÁikwÁr (a.d.1731); The withdrawal of the Peshwa; His opponents defeated; AbdÚllÁh Beg appointed NizÁm’s Deputy at Broach; The death of PilÁji GÁikwÁr procured by the Viceroy (a.d.1732); Baroda taken; Famine (a.d.1732); Affairs at Surat (a.d.1732); Teghbeg KhÁn Governor of Surat 305–313

Ratansingh BhandÁri Deputy Viceroy (a.d.1733–1737); Return of the MarÁthÁs; Contest for the government of Gogha; Disturbance at VÍramgÁm (a.d.1734); Baroda recovered by the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1734); Change of governor at VÍramgÁm; Failure of JawÁn Mard KhÁn in an attempt on Ídar; Rivalry of Ratansingh BhandÁri and SohrÁb KhÁn (a.d.1735); Battle of Dholi; Defeat and death of SohrÁb KhÁn (a.d.1735); Rivalry between Ratansingh BhandÁri and MomÍn KhÁn (a.d.1735); MarÁtha affairs; DÁmÁji GÁikwÁr and KÁntÁji (a.d.1735); Battle of Ánand-Mogri; Defeat of KÁntÁji; The MarÁthÁs helping BhÁvsingh to expel the VÍramgÁm KasbÁtis; The country plundered by the GÁikwÁr and Peshwa; MomÍn KhÁn fifty-fourth Viceroy (a.d.1737); Siege of AhmedÁbÁd; MahÁrÁja Abheysingh fifty-fifth Viceroy (a.d.1737); The siege of AhmedÁbÁd continued by MomÍn KhÁn; Defence of the city by Ratansingh BhandÁri; AhmedÁbÁd captured by MomÍn KhÁn (a.d.1738); MomÍn KhÁn fifty-sixth Viceroy (a.d.1738–1743); Prosperity of AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1738); Tribute collected by the Viceroy (a.d.1738); Sher KhÁn BÁbi Deputy Governor of Sorath (a.d.1738); Tribute collected by the Deputy Viceroy (a.d.1739); Capture of Bassein by the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1739); Tribute expedition (a.d.1740); The Viceroy at Cambay (a.d.1741); VÍramgÁm surrendered and PÁtdi received by BhÁvsingh; Siege of Broach by the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1741); Battle of Dholka; Defeat of the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1741); Contests between the MusalmÁns and MarÁthÁs; Disturbance at AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1742); Collection of tribute in KÁthiÁvÁ?a by the Viceroy; Death of MomÍn KhÁn (a.d.1743) 314–326

FidÁ-ud-dÍn acting as Viceroy (a.d.1743); The MarÁthÁs defeated by Muftakhir KhÁn; DÁmÁji GÁikwÁr’s return to GujarÁt; AbdÚl ÁzÍz KhÁn of Junnar Viceroy (by a forged order); Mutiny of the troops; PetlÁd captured by the MarÁthÁs; Muftakhir KhÁn fifty-seventh Viceroy (a.d.1743–1744); JawÁn Mard KhÁn appointed Deputy; The MarÁthÁs in AhmedÁbÁd; Battle of Kim Kathodra; Defeat and death of AbdÚl ÁzÍz KhÁn (a.d.1744); Fakhr-ud-daulah fifty-eighth Viceroy (a.d.1744–1748); JawÁn Mard KhÁn BÁbi Deputy Viceroy; KhanderÁv GÁikwÁr called to SÁtÁra; Defeat and capture of the Viceroy by JawÁn Mard KhÁn BÁbi; Rangoji disgraced by KhanderÁv GÁikwÁr; Rangoji and JawÁn Mard KhÁn opposed by PunÁji Vithal and Fakhr-ud-daulah; Siege of Kapadvanj by Fakhr-ud-daulah (a.d.1746); The siege raised at the approach of Holkar; MomÍn KhÁn II. governor of Cambay (a.d.1748); Increased strength of Fakhr-ud-daulah’s party; Dissensions among the MarÁthÁs; Surat affairs (a.d.1748); Escape of Mulla Fakhr-ud-din to Bombay; Cession of Surat revenue to the GÁikwÁr (a.d.1747); Famine (a.d.1747); MarÁtha dissensions; Fall of Borsad 326–332

MahÁrÁja Vakhatsingh fifty-ninth Viceroy (a.d.1748); Ahmed ShÁh Emperor (a.d.1748–1754); Spread of disorder; Surat affairs (a.d.1750); Sayad Achchan unpopular; Safdar Muhammad brought back by the Dutch; Retreat of Sayad Achchan; JawÁn Mard KhÁn and the Peshwa (a.d.1750); The Peshwa and GÁikwÁr (a.d.1751); Broach independent (a.d.1752); PÁndurang Pandit repulsed at AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1752); MarÁtha invasion; Return of JawÁn Mard KhÁn; Gallant defence of AhmedÁbÁd; Surrender of JawÁn Mard KhÁn; AhmedÁbÁd taken by the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1753); Collection of tribute; Mughal coinage discontinued; Failure of an attempt on Cambay (a.d.1753); The Kolis; Cambay attacked by the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1754); AlamgÍr II. (a.d.1754–1759); Contest with MomÍn KhÁn renewed (a.d.1754); Gogha taken by MomÍn KhÁn (a.d.1755); AhmedÁbÁd recovered by MomÍn KhÁn (17th October 1756); JawÁn Mard KhÁn allying himself with the MarÁthÁs; AhmedÁbÁd invested by the MarÁthÁs (a.d.1756); MomÍn KhÁn helped by RÁo of Ídar (a.d.1757); Successful sally under ShambhurÁm; Negotiations for peace; MarÁtha arrangements in AhmedÁbÁd; New coins; MomÍn KhÁn at Cambay; Expedition from Kachh against Sindh (a.d.1758); Tribute levied by the MarÁthÁs; Surat affairs (a.d.1758); The command of Surat taken by the English (a.d.1759); MomÍn KhÁn’s visit to Poona (a.d.1759); SadÁshiv RÁmchandra Peshwa’s Viceroy (a.d.1760); The MarÁthÁs in KÁthiÁvÁ?a (a.d.1759); Ápa Ganesh Viceroy (a.d.1761); Battle of PÁnipat (a.d.1761) 332–345

Appendix I.—Death of SultÁn BahÁdur (a.d.1526–1536) 347–351

Appendix II.—The Hill Fort of MÁndu; Description; History; The MÁlwa SultÁns (a.d.1400–1570); The Mughals (a.d.1570–1720); The MarÁthÁs (a.d.1720–1820); Notices (a.d.1820–1895) 352–384.

MARÁTHA PERIOD (a.d.1760–1819).

History; SivÁji’s first inroad (a.d.1664); SivÁji’s second attack (a.d.1670); SÁler taken (a.d.1672); The Narbada crossed (a.d.1675); Raids by DÁbhÁde (a.d.1699–1713); DÁbhÁde (a.d.1716); DÁbhÁde SenÁpati; the Peshwa’s negotiations (a.d.1717); DÁmÁji GÁikwÁr (a.d.1720); MarÁtha tribute (a.d.1723); KÁntÁji Kadam; MarÁtha dissensions (a.d.1725); The Peshwa (a.d.1726); Cession of tribute (a.d.1728); Coalition against the Peshwa (a.d.1730); Defeat of the allies (a.d.1731); Assassination of PilÁji GÁikwÁr (a.d.1732); Baroda secured by the GÁikwÁr (a.d.1734); The MarÁtha Deputy Governor (a.d.1736); AhmedÁbÁd riots (a.d.1738–1741); Siege of Broach (a.d.1741); Rangoji prisoner at Borsad (a.d.1742); Quarrels regarding the Viceroyalty between DÁmÁji and RÁghoji Bhonsle (a.d.1743–44); Rangoji confined in Borsad (a.d.1745); the GÁikwÁr in Surat (a.d.1747) 385–395

HaribÁ attacked by Rangoji; Death of UmÁbÁi (a.d.1748); DÁmÁji deputy in GujarÁt; DÁmÁji against Peshwa; DÁmÁji GÁikwÁr arrested (a.d.1751); The Peshwa and Surat; Release of DÁmÁji (a.d.1752); Capture of AhmedÁbÁd (a.d.1753); RaghunÁthrÁv at Cambay; The Peshwa’s deputy at AhmedÁbÁd; AhmedÁbÁd captured by the NawÁb of Cambay; DÁmÁji and KhanderÁv GÁikwÁr at AhmedÁbÁd; Surrender of the NawÁb; SayÁjirÁv in AhmedÁbÁd; Peshwa’s agent SadÁshiv at Surat; The MarÁtha demand of tribute from the NawÁb of Cambay; The NawÁb at Poona; LunÁvÁ?a plundered by KhanderÁv; Expedition against BÁlÁsinor; The estates of JawÁn Mard KhÁn retaken by DÁmÁji; The Peshwa and the English (a.d.1761); One of the JÁdhav family SenÁpati; Ghorpade family again SenÁpati; Intrigues of RÁghoba (a.d.1768); Death of DÁmÁji GÁikwÁr (a.d.1768); Disputed succession; RÁghobÁ Peshwa (a.d.1774); RÁghoba in GujarÁt (a.d.1775); RÁghobÁ defeated; His arrival at Surat; Treaty of Surat (a.d.1775); Colonel Keating in GujarÁt; RÁghoba accompanied by Colonel Keating; RÁghoba in Cambay (a.d.1775); GovindrÁv GÁikwÁr’s army; Advance of the combined forces; Defeat of Fatesingh (a.d.1775); Retreat of the ministerial general; Colonel Keating at Dabhoi (a.d.1775); RÁghoba and the GÁikwÁrs; Withdrawal of the British contingent; Negotiations at Poona; RÁghoba at Surat (a.d.1776); Negotiations at Poona (a.d.1777); Fresh alliance with RÁghoba (a.d.1778) 396–407

The convention of Bhadgaon (a.d.1779); Negotiation with the GÁikwÁr; Escape of RÁghoba from Sindia (a.d.1779); League against the English (a.d.1780); Treaty with Fatesingh GÁikwÁr; AhmedÁbÁd taken by General Goddard (a.d.1780); Operations against Sindia and Holkar; Treaty of SÁlbÁi (a.d.1782); Death of Fatesingh (a.d.1789); GovindrÁv detained at Poona (a.d.1793); Office of Regent at Baroda taken by GovindrÁv; Ába Shelukar Deputy Governor of GujarÁt (a.d.1796); Disputes between Ába and GovindrÁv GÁikwÁr; GujarÁt farmed to the GÁikwÁr (a.d.1799); ÁnandrÁv GÁikwÁr (a.d.1800); British aid to GovindrÁv’s party; The British and the GÁikwÁr (a.d.1800); The GÁikwÁr’s minister RÁvji; Treaty of Bassein (31st December 1802); Arabs disbanded; MalhÁrrÁv in revolt (a.d.1803); Contingent strengthened (a.d.1803); Death of RÁvji (a.d.1803); War with Sindia; The revenue collecting force; Renewal of (GujarÁt) farm (a.d.1804); The British and the GÁikwÁr (a.d.1805); KÁthiÁvÁ?a tribute; State of KÁthiÁvÁ?a (a.d.1807); The revenue raid system 407–418

The MarÁthÁs in Sorath; Securities; BhÁts and ChÁrans (a.d.1807); British intervention; Financial and political settlements (a.d.1807); Peshwa’s share in KÁthiÁvÁ?a; Later arrangements; The Mahi KÁntha; Supplementary treaty (a.d.1808); OkhÁmandal (a.d.1809); Disturbances in KÁthiÁvÁ?a (a.d.1811); The GÁikwÁr’s payment of the pecuniary loan to the British Government (a.d.1812); Discussions with Poona government about the old claims on the GÁikwÁr’s estate (a.d.1813–14); Peshwa intrigue in Baroda (a.d.1814); OkhÁmandal ceded to the GÁikwÁr; British aid at JunÁga?h; Treaty of Poona (a.d.1817); Treaty with the GÁikwÁr (a.d.1817–18); Close of MarÁtha supremacy (a.d.1819); General Review 418–432

GUJARÁT DISTURBANCES (a.d.1857–1859).

The Red Salt Scare (a.d.1857); The passing of the Pariah dog; Gold hoarding; Seditious native press; Maulvi SarÁj-ud-din; Apparent weakness of British rule; Administrative defects; The Courts disliked; The InÁm Commission; The army disloyal; BÁiza BÁi of GwÁlior; PÁrsi riot in Broach (June 1857); Mutiny at Mhow (July 1857); Mutiny at AhmedÁbÁd (July 1857); Mr. Ashburner’s force; General Roberts; Rising at Amjera and in the Panch MahÁls (July 1857); Mutinies at Abu and Erinpur (a.d.1857); Disturbance at AhmedÁbÁd (14th September 1857); RÁdhanpur disloyal; Arab outbreak at Sunth; Disturbance in LunÁvÁ?a; Conspiracy at DÍsa; Conspiracy at Baroda; Want of combination; MarÁtha conspiracy; Gathering at PartÁbpur and at Lodra; Partial disarming; NÁikda revolt (October 1858); TÁtia Topi (a.d.1858); TÁtia Topi’s defeat at Chhota Udepur (December 1858); NÁikda disturbance (a.d.1858); WÁgher outbreak (a.d.1859); Expedition against Bet (a.d.1859); Bet Fort taken; DwÁrka fort taken; Rising in Nagar PÁrkar 433–448

APPENDICES.

BhinmÁl or ShrimÁl—Description, People, Objects of Interest, History, Inscriptions 449–488

Java and Cambodia 489–504

Arab References 505–531

Greek References 532–547

Index 549–594