rnal">188 — of Ancient Egyptian soldiers, 152 sqq. Armour of elephants, 216 — of Goliath, 186 Arms among the Ancient Romans, 244 sq. — and Armour of Ancient Roman soldiers, 246 sqq. — manufactory in Etruria, 198 — of Hannibal and his troops, 268 — of the Keltic Gauls, 266 sq. — of Persian troops, 210 Army of the Ancient Egyptians, 152 sqq. ???? (sharp sickle), 180 Arrows, 11, 154 — made of reed, 28 Arrow-heads in Ancient Gallic and German graves, 274 n — of deer-horn, 24; of bone, 25; of bamboo, 26; of flint-flakes, ib.; of pinna and shells, 47 Arrow-piles of copper, 65 Arrow-throwers (epithet of the Argives), 222 Art and science in Ancient Egypt, 147 Art of the Hittites, 176 ‘Artemis’ (Diana) of the Ephesians, 192 n Articulate language (origin of), 74 n Artificial calamine, 86 — malachite, 72 Aryan (language), 146 n Aryans, 76 Asclepias gigantea, 111 Asclepius (Berytus), 75 Ashanti Sword-knife, 167 Ashur (Assyrian), 200, 207 Ashuth (fused or cast metal; Hebrew), 103 Asia, ancient mines of copper and lead in, 63 Asidhenu (dagger: HindÚ), 215 AsidevatÁ (Sword-god produced by Brahma), 214 Askelon (site of), 186 n Asp (Cobra di capello; Coluber Haja), 33 n Ass (its method of defence), 7 Assegai used as a razor by the Amazulu, 14 Assyria (etymology of the word), 177 Assyrian architecture, 201 — bas-reliefs, 176, 201 — books, 201 n — bronzes, 104 n — daggers, 159, 205 — executioner, 207 — fashion of wearing the Sword, 206, 239 — fortifications, 203 — hand-daggers, 185 — inscriptions (Bayrut), 200 n — invasion of Egypt, 200 — magic, 202 n — metallurgy, 19; derivation of the word, 33 n; Indian sp
; and tin (alloy), 81 — arms and armour, Ancient Hellenic, 222 — arrow-piles, 65 — bracelet, 72 n — celts, 57, 72 — coinage (Chinese), 64; of the Hindus, 70 — hatchets, 65; rakes and hammers, ib.; vases, 68 — in Europe, 64; in America, 65 sqq. — knives, Trojan, 191 — mines, Chile, 68; Midian, 102; of South-Eastern Africa, 170 n — nails (Greenland, &c.), 65 — placed in a corpse’s mouth, 68 — sheets for flooring (ancient), 55 — statuettes (coated with precious metals), 67 — Swords, 70; in Troas, 192 — tools in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69 — trumpets, 221 Copper-trade of Cyprus, 188 ‘Cops’ (of metal), 111 Coptic language, 146 Coquimbite (Pampua or white copperas), 68 Core-casting (of metal), 221 Cornicines, 248 Cornu (musical instrument: Roman), 248 Cornwall, mineral fields of, 275 Coronarium (copper coated with ox-gall), 87 Corrugated iron blades, 119 n Corrugated Sword of Africa, 171 Corsican forge, 102 n Corundum in Midian, 171 n Corybantes, 74 sq. Cosmogony, Hebrew, 148 sq. Cotton dresses, Ancient Indian, 211 Cottus diceraus, 10 Counterfeit pearls in Ancient Egypt, 148 Counterguard of a Sword, 125, 138 Coupe-choux Sword, 134, 164 Coustilliers, 185 Coustrils or Custrils, 185 Couteau-de-chasse, 210 Covinus (war-chariot), 269 Cow (its method of defence), 7 Crane, white (American bird), 9 Crannog (its derivation), 27 Crease (= KrÍs, Malay weapon), 137, 166 Creation, Hebrew idea of, 148 sq. Cremation in the Early Bronze Age, 96 — (of bodies) at MycenÆ, 234 Crepitaculum (sacred rattle), 151 Crests (in heraldry), 87 n Dress-pins (women’s) of copper, 67 Draughts (game of) in Ancient Egypt, 148 ‘Drawing-cut,’ 131 Duel of Manlius Torquatus and the Gaul, 267 — origin of, 267 n Duelling weapons, 135 Dumb-bells, 250 ‘Dunner-Saxen’ (Lower Saxony), 272 n DÜsack (weapon), 123 Eagle, imperial, 246 n Early Iron Age in Britain, 276 — — — of weapons, 97 Ears of a Sword, 124 Eastern heraldry, 140 Edge of a Sword, 124 Egypt (Ancient), geography of, 145 — architecture in, 148 — art and science in, 147 sq. — heraldry in, 147 sq. — its military system, 152 sqq. — its monotheism, 149 — law code of, 147 — music, painting, and sculpture in, 148 — the cradle land of language, 146 — the fountain head of knowledge, 147 Egyptian arch, 201 — choppers, 161 — cutlasses, 211 — daggers, 157 — flag (five-rayed star on), 147 n — gilding (on bronze), 81 — metallurgy, 80 — names for the Sword, 123, 155 sq. — phalanx, 155 — Sphinx, 190 n — Swords, 157; in Cyprus, 189 — word-roots, 146 n Egyptians (Ancient), their origin, 143 sq. El-darakah (Arabic shield), 12 n Electricity, the marvellous displays of in Central Africa, 119 Electrum (derivation of the word), 86 n Elephants armed with Swords, 216 — Indian and African, 3 n Elephant-Sword, 216 Elephant-trunk ornaments, 67 n Elephant (use of a weapon by), 3; its stroke or blow, 7 El-Khauf maksum, 6 El-Khizr (the Green Prophet), 179 Emblems of the Egyptian nomes, 147 Emu, 4 Enamel, Assyrian, 202 Enfield Sword-bayonet, 134 n ‘Englishmen of Antiquity,’ 275 English gladiatorism, 253 Engraving on copper plates, 242 ‘Green copper’ (= bronze: Chinese), 64 Greenstone- (diorite-) splinters for wooden Swords, 47 Greenwood fuel used in iron-smelting, 112 Grey copper ore (in Ireland), 65 Grip of a Sword, 124 ??????? (= throw-stick), 34 Guanaco, 7 Guanches (WÁnshi; origin of the word), 16 n Guard plates (Sword), in Gaul, 257 n Guards of a Sword, 124 Guilielma speciosa (chonta-wood), 42 Guilloche-scroll (architectural ornament), 202 Guillons, 51 Guisarme (Gisarme or Bisarme), 95 Guitar (etymology of the word), 187 n Gules (in heraldry; derivation), 140 n Gunnar’s bill, 95 Gunpowder age (of weapons), 20 n; use of gunpowder, 31 n Gymnasia, Hellenic, 239 Gymnastics of the Spartans, 240 Gyno-Sphinx (Egypt), 190 n HÂches votives, 89 Hades (derivation of the word), 221 HÆmatite-splinters for wooden Swords, 47 Haft-JÚsh (‘seven boilings’ of metal: Persian), 221 Hair-dyes in Ancient Egypt, 148 Hairpins of bronze, 30 Hair-shears (Roman) of Æs, 56 Halberts of copper, 67 Hall-bard (Icelandic weapon), 91 Hallstadt, finds of ancient weapons at, 262 Halteres (dumb-bells: Roman), 250 Hamasti (Sword-blade: Assyrian), 204 n Hamata (Roman armour), 248 n Hamathite Inscriptions, the, 177 Hamatum (barb-head spear), 181 Hammered iron-work in Mesopotamia, 104 Hammers of copper, 67 Hammer-wrought plating, 81 Hamus ferreus, 14 n Hand-celts, 20 Hand-hatchet, 88 Hand-stones, 2; among the Hottentots, 17; among modern Syrians and Arab Bedawin, ib. Hand-thrusting instruments, 133 Hanger, 123 Hankow-steel, 115 Harbah (a dart: Arabic), 184 Harness (derivation of the word),] 97 HarpÉ (????: etymology of the word), 180 — of Cronos (Perseus’ weapon), 180 Harpoon-heads of reindeer-horn, 29 n Hastarii (Roman soldiers), 246 Hastati (Roman soldiers), 246 Hastile (Roman javelin: Virgil), 246 n Hatchet-boomerang, 38; -sabre, 57 Irish race (their origin), 65 n ‘Iron Age,’ 22 n, 23 n Iron among the Aryans, 108 Iron among the Romans, 107 ‘Iron-built’ cities of the Ancient HindÚs, 219 n Iron cannon first cast, 117 n — chain-armour, Assyrian, 203 — chisels (Etruscan), 197 — dirk worshipped by the Scythians, 226 — face-guard, 258 Iron-flakes, surface (Cape of Good Hope), 119 Iron glance (specular iron, oligiste), 107 — hasps and nails, 100 — in Africa, 117 — in Assyria, 105 — in China, 112 sq. — in Egypt, 100 — in German myths, 271 — in Homer, 108 — in India, 108 sq. — in Madagascar, 116 — in the Pentateuch, 103 — in Tacitus, 225 — introduction of in Greece, 69, 97; derivation of the word, 97 n — keys at MycenÆ, 106 — knives, 100, 106 — known to Homer and Hesiod, 221 — on the American continent, 116 — rare in ancient Germany, 271 — sheaths for Swords, 222 — sickle, 100 — sling-bullet, 191 Iron-smelting on the Libanus, 103 Ironstone in ancient Bashan, 103 — weapons, 52 Iron Swords, Etruscan, 195 — — of Italian tribes, 265 — treated of by Aristotle, 106 Iron-wood, 40 Iron-working Age of India, 109 — in Japan, 115 sq. Italian foil, 124 — poison daggers, 51 Italy (modern), its two races, 270 n Iverapema (‘Iwarapema’), 42 Ivernii (Irish non-Celts: Ptolemy), 279 Ivory-carving, Assyrian, 202 JacanÁ (Parra; American bird), 9 Jaculum (Roman javelin), 246 n Jade Pattu-Pattus, 25, 47; derivation of ‘jade,’ 47 n Jadite (and jade) splinters for wooden swords, 47 Janghiz Khan, 227 Japanese blade, 40 Melkarth (Phoenician god), 179 ????? (ash-tree = a bow), 254 n Memnonium, the, 175 Meri (New Zealand weapon), 26, 47 Merodach (Babylonian god), 183 Mesopotamia, iron work in, 104 Mesopotamian astronomy, 200 n Metal in the Hissarlik remains, 106 — replaces bone and stone in weapons, 50 — scabbards, 222 n Metal-workers, a wandering race of, 275 Metal-working (discovery of), 51 — in China, 115 Metallic value of Dr. Schliemann’s finds, 233 Metallo-lithic Age, 22 n Metallurgic ????????, 74 Metallurgy, Assyrian, 202 — developed by ancient Egyptians, 151 — extension of from Egypt, 63 — of the Exodists, 56 n; origin of, 74 Metals, archaic names of, 122 — in Ancient Cyprus, 186 — in Ancient Hellas, 220 — in the Troas finds, 191 Metamorphosis, 2 Meteoric-iron chips for wooden weapons, 51 Meteoric iron, 99 Meteorolites, 99 n Method of warfare, Ancient German, 273 Mica-schist dagger (natural formation), 47 Mica-schist, mould of, 82, 191 Midas-myth, the, 187 n Midian copper mines, 102 Mihhili Mezzir (= Sahs), 272 n Milanese (modern), 270 n Milesians (origin of the name), 65 n Miletus, ‘Holy City’ of, 242 n Militarism of the Ancient Romans, 252 Military discipline under the Roman Empire, 249 — mining (Ancient Egypt), 154 — tactics of Ancient HindÚs, 218 Milites (etymology of the word), 245 Mimosa, 6, 32 Mineral fields of Cornwall, 275 ‘Miners’ hammers (= stone-pounders; Ireland), 65 MiÖlner (hammer of Thor), 35 Mirmillones, 251 Mirrors (polished) of copper, 67 Missile fishes, 7 — weapons, 2, 6 Missiles in the Iliad, 222 ‘Mixing bloods,’ 227 n Modern Irish, character of, 279 n Mohammed’s Sword, 270 Palstave, 20; Satzuma copper (the best in the world), 64 Saucer, inlaid iron, 106 n Saunion (Samnite javelin), 266 n SauromatÆ (northern Medes and Slavs), 227 Savage worship of weapons, 162 n Saw-bayonet, 51, 137 Saw, double-handed, of iron or steel, in NimrÚd’s palace, 105 Saw-fish (its armature), 13; teeth of, 24 Saw-kerf, 29 Saws, Assyrian, 203 Saxnot Zio (German Sword-god), 273 Saxo (weapon of the Saxon or SacÆ), 90 n Saxon blade, 135 Saxones (ancient German tribe), 271 Scabbard of pearl, 212 ScÆan gates (Troas), 191 Scaling-ladder, Ancient Egypt, 154; Assyrian, 203 Scalping described by Herodotus, 227 n Scandinavian Goths and Vandals, 274 — tactical formation, 273 ScarabÆi of diorite (Egyptian), 53 n ‘Scatterer’ (Sanskrit Astara), 38 Sceptre-heads of copper, 68 Scheme of battle, Homeric, 241 ????? ???? (portable tent of the Carthaginians), 150 Scherma (fencing: derivation of the word), 272 n SchlÄger (German weapon), 135 n, 139 Schlegel on the ‘Brazen’ Age, 56 Schleswig, spatha of, 272 Schliemann’s excavations in the Troas, 190 ‘Schweinskopf’ (Ancient German tactical formation), 273 Schwertstab (Sword-staff), 273 Science in Egypt, 147 sq. Scilly Islands (origin of the name), 78 n Scipio’s fleet, arms supplied to, 198 Scissors (etymology of the word), 272 — of copper, 79 Sclepista (Roman sacrificial knife) of copper (or bronze?), 56 ScoriÆ of lead (at Schliemann’s Troy), 82 Scorpion (or onager), 19, 20 n — (whip-goad: Ancient Egypt), 157 Scourge, Assyrian, 206 Scramasax, Scramma Scax, 94, 223, 235; (derivation of the word), 272 n — from Hallstadt, 263 Scramsahs, Copenhagen, 272 n Sculpture in Egypt, 148 — (origin of), 15 Sculptures of Chehel Munar, 211 Scutum (Roman shield), 247, 253 Scymitar, 268 Spartan Sword-blade, 238 Sparth (= battle-axe: Chaucer), 235 n Spata or Spatha, 123, 142, 156 Spatha of Schleswig, 272 — pennata, 267 n — Roman, 258 n SpathÆ, Ancient British, 279 — of iron, German, 271 Spathe (= weaver’s lath), 235 n ????? (Romaic sabre: etymology of the word), 235 n Spear, 20; origin of, 31; in Homer, 223 — and paddle combined, 40; spears armed with flints, 48 Spear, favourite weapon of the Dark Continent, 162 Spear-head, Assyrian, 203 Spear: its name in various languages, 274 Spear of the ancient Germans, 270 Spearmen, Roman, 247 — Hittite, 176 Spectacula, Roman, 251 Specular iron (iron glance, oligiste), 107 ?????? ?????, 1 Spelter (copper and zinc), 84 Spetum (Spieclo or Spit), 95 Sphinxes, 176 Sphyraton (plate work), 221 Spiculum (Roman javelin), 246 n Split-bone implements, 29 Split Swords, 142 Spodium, 86 n Spur-edge (of a Sword), 138 Spud, 20 Squalus centrina or Spinax, Linn., 9, 23 Squamata (Roman armour), 248 n Stabbing Swords of copper, 72 Stag-horn axes, 27; inserted in wooden truncheons, 49 ‘Stahl-bronce’ = steel (i.e. hardened) bronze, 53 n Stamped-clay literature (Assyrian), 201 Stan (Irish term for tin), 65 Standard-bearer (German), station of, 273 Standard-bearers, Assyrian, 203 Standards in Ancient Roman Army, 246 n ‘Standard Inscription,’ 55 Staple of Cyprus, 188 Star (derivation of the word), 221 n Star-shaped weapon of copper, 68 Stasinus or Hegesias: his ‘Kypria,’ 221 n Stater (gold coin) of Croesus, 194 n Staves of copper inlaid with figures, 68 Steam, motive power of, known to Ancient Egyptians, 148 ‘Steel bronze,’ 53 Steel (Chinese) for Swords and knives, 150 Table of alloys in common use, 83 sq. Table of archaic names of metals, 122 TacapÉ (paddle), 42 Tac et taille (cut-and-thrust), 126 Tactical formation of Ancient Germans, 273 Tactics in Ancient Greece, 241 Talaria, 1 Talismans (Chinese) of copper, 64 Talwar (Hindustan sabre), 131 sq. Tamarana (paddle), 42 Tamarang (Australian parrying-shield), 38 Tammaraka (sacred rattle; Brazilian Tupis), 151 TangapÉ (paddle), 42 Tang (tongue) of a Sword, 124 Tanged dagger, 278 — razor (British), 276 Taper-axe, 91, 94 ‘Targe’ or ‘Target’ (derivation of), 12 n Taru (Egyptian war-pike), 158 Tasso’s description of the Irish, 279 Tattooing (its origin), 269 n Tax levied on iron in China, 114 ‘Tears of the Heliades’ (= amber), 87 ‘Tears of the sun,’ 67 Tectosages (Phrygia), war-cars of the, 277 n Telak (African arm-knife), 162 ‘Telamon,’ at MycenÆ, 231 sq. Telchines, 74, 76 Telluric iron, 99 Tempering (of iron) by cold immersion, 112, 165; by oil, &c., 165 n Temple-caves of Elephanta (Bay of Bombay), 217 Temple of Baal at Marseille, 181 n — of Belus (vulgÒ Tower of Babel), 55 — of Kanaruc, 109 Temples of Babylonia, 199 ???????? ??????? (origin of the proverb), 90 Terebinth, Syrian (‘oak’ of Mamre), 257 Terra cottas in Cyprus, 190; in Troy, 193 Testudo (in sieges; Ancient Egypt), 154 Teufelsgraben, 271 Thane (derivation of the word), 215 n Thapsus, CÆsar at the battle of, 260 n The ‘First Highlander,’ 217 Thera (Grecian), bronze Sword from, 262 Thermutis (the princess who found Moses), 174 n ThiudiskÔ (= Teutons), 274 Thong-sling, 19, 68 Thraces, 252 Thracian dance (in arms), 163 n ‘Thracian Magic,’ 238 n Thracians, 210 Thracian Swords, 246 n Viaticum (provisions for the dead), 234 Virtue of the Ancient Gauls, 269 Visigoths, weapons of the, 272 n Vitriol (blue), 60 ‘Vivisection,’ 225 Volcanic mud, 118 Voulge, 95 Waddy clubs (Australian), 38 Wady Magharah (Valley of Caves), the most ancient mines in the world, 60 Waggons, military, as a ‘lager’ (Gallic), 269 WÁgh-nakh (HindÚ weapon), 8 Wait-a-bit (Acacia detinens), 6 Wall-cramps, in NimrÚd’s palace, 105 Walrus (how killed by polar bears), 3; its method of attack, 9; its tooth as a spear-point, 24 Wandering race of metal-workers, 275 WÁnshi stone-throwers, 16 War-axes, 66, 154 War-clubs, 24, 32, 154 War-deities of Ancient Egypt, 152 Warfare (primitive), 4 sq. War-flails, 20 n, 154 War-hatchets (English), 91 Warlike character of Ancient Britons, 279 ‘War-lions of the king’ (Ramses II.), 3 n Warmen (Germani), 270 War-prisoners, treatment of, by Greeks and by Romans, 241, 249 War-quoit, 39 War-scythe, 95 Wasa or Wassaw (Sword), 168 Wattle and dab (huts of), 63 Wave-edged dagger, 137 Wave-pattern (architectural ornament), 202 ‘Wayland Smith,’ the legend of, 121 Weapons— in the Laws of the Visigoths, 272 in sepulchres at MycenÆ, 234 of Ancient Rome, 245 sqq. of Animals and Savages, 6 of bronze, Assyrian, 202 of gold, as royal presents, 212 of the Alemanni (Germani), 270 of the Ancient Egyptian soldiers, 152 n of the Ancient HindÚs, 214 sq. of the Ancient Irish, 279 of the Ancient Picts, 279 of the Ancient Scots, 279 of the Ancient Welsh, 279 of the Arabians, 185 of the Assyrians, 203 of the Carthaginians, 181 of the Cherusci, 271 |
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