230 (return)
[ Colonel Greville, called in the “Diary” “Colonel Wellbred,” one of the king’s equerries, whom M. de Guiffardiere (“Mr. Turbulent”) was particularly anxious to introduce to Miss Burney.—ED.]

231 (return)
[ I “The Paston Letters” were first published, from the original manuscripts, in 1787. They were chiefly written by or to members of the Paston family in Norfolk during the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII. The letter above alluded to is No. 91 in the collection. It is a letter of good Counsel to his young son, written in a very tender and religious strain, by the Duke of Suffolk, on the 30th of April, 1450, the day on which he quitted England to undergo his five years’ banishment. The duke had been impeached of high treason, and condemned to this term of banishment, through the king’s interposition, to save him from a worse fate. But his fate was not to be eluded. He set sail on the 30th of April, was taken on the sea by his enemies, and beheaded on the 2nd of May following.—ED.]

232 (return)
[ Miss Burney had obtained the tacit consent of the queen that M. de Guiffardiere should travel occasionally with the equerries, instead of taking his usual place in the coach assigned to the keepers of the robes. Her real motive in making the application had been a desire to see less of this boisterous gentleman, but she had put it upon his attachment to Colonel Greville—ED.]

233 (return)
[ Benjamin-west, R.A., who succeeded Reynolds as President of the Royal Academy, on the death of the latter in 1792. This mediocre painter was a prodigious favourite with George III., for whom many of his works were executed.—ED.]

234 (return)
[ The Duchess Jules de Polignac, the celebrated favourite of Marie Antoinette. She and her husband, who had been raised by the queen from a condition of positive poverty, were hated in France, both as Court favourites, and on account of the wealth which, it was believed, they had taken advantage of their position to amass. “Mille ecus,” cried Mirabeau, “A la famille d’Assas pour avoir sauve l’etat; un million a la famille Polignac pour l’avoir perdu!”

The ostensible object of the duchess’s visit to England was to drink the Bath Waters, but there are good grounds for believing that her real purpose was to make an arrangement with M. de la Motte for the suppression of some scurrilous Memoirs which it was rumoured his wife had written, and in which, among other things, Marie Antoinette was accused of being the principal culprit in the notorious Diamond Necklace fraud. M. de la Motte states in his autobiography that he met the Duchess Jules and her Sister-in-law, the Countess Diane, at the Duchess of Devonshire’s (the beautiful Georgiana), at the request of the latter, when certain overtures were made to him, and trustworthy authorities assert that a large sum of money was afterwards paid to the De la Mottes, to suppress the Memoirs which were however eventually published. When the French Revolution broke out the Polignacs were among the first to emigrate. The duchess died at Vienna in December, 1793, a few months after Marie Antoinette had perished on the scaffold.—ED.]

236 (return)
[ The storm had been gathering round Hastings ever since his return to England in June, 1785, within a week of which Burke had given notice in the House of Commons of a motion affecting the conduct of the late Governor-General in India. His impeachment was voted in May, 1787, and preparations for his trial were now going actively forward. We shall find hereafter, in the Diary, some sketches, from Fanny’s point of view, of scenes in this famous trial, which commenced in February, 1788.—-ED.]

237 (return)
[ This was an old grievance. In 1780 Burke had introduced a hill “for the better regulation of his majesty’s civil establishments, and of certain public offices; for the limitation of pensions, and the suppression of sundry useless, expensive and inconvenient places; and for applying the monies saved thereby to the public service.” The bill was defeated at the time, but was re-introduced with certain alterations, and finally passed both houses by a large majority in 1782.—-ED.]

238 (return)
[ Colonel Gwynn who had just arrived at Windsor to succeed Colonel Manners in the office of equerry in waiting to the King. Colonel Gwynn was the husband of Mary Horneck, Goldsmith’s “Jessamy Bride.”— ED.]

239 (return)
[ Henry William Bunbury, the well-known caricaturist. He was connected by marriage with Colonel Gwynn, having married, in 1771, Catherine, the “Little Comedy,” sister of the “Jessamy Bride.”—ED.]

240 (return)
[ i.e., of the Play which was to be read by Mrs. Siddons. See P. 55.—-ED.]

242 (return)
[ See note 210, ante, vol. 1, P. 370.—-ED.]

243 (return)
[ Mr. Anthony Shepherd, Plumian Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge. We meet with him occasionally in the “Early Diary:” “dullness itself” Fanny once calls him (in 1774).—ED.]

244 (return)
[ Fanny’s maid.—ED.]

245 (return)
[ Susan Phillips and the Lockes had stayed at Windsor from the 10th to the 17th of September.—ED.]

246 (return)
[ This magnificent panegyric relates to a young amateur, William Locke, the son of Fanny’s friends, Mr. and Mrs. Locke. But there was more than a little of the amateur about Mr. Bunbury himself. His works bear no comparison with those of the great masters of caricatured Rowlandson and Gulray.—ED.]

247 (return)
[ Fanny’s man-servant, a Swiss.—ED.]

248 (return)
[ Mr. Fisher was a canon at Windsor, and an amateur landscape-painter. He had recently married.—ED.]

249 (return)
[ “Letters to and from Dr. Johnson,” published by Mrs. Piozzi in 1788.—-ED.]

250 (return)
[ Thrale’s only son died, a child, in March, 1776.——ED.]

251 (return)
[ A farce, adapted from Bickerstaff’s opera, “Love in the City.”—ED.]

252 (return)
[ Eva Maria Feigel, a Viennese dancer, whom Garrick married in 1749. Fanny writes of her in 1771: “Mrs. Garrick is the most attentively polite and perfectly well-bred woman in the world; her speech is all softness; her manners all elegance; her smiles all sweetness. There is something so peculiarly graceful in her motion, and pleasing in her address, that the most trifling words have weight and power, when spoken by her, to oblige and even delight.” (“Early Diary,” vol. i. p. 111.) She died in 1822; her husband in 1779.—-ED.]

253 (return)
[ The Hon. Mrs. Boscawen, widow of Admiral Boscawen.—ED.]

254 (return)
[ Elizabeth Carter, the celebrated translator of Epictetus. She was now in her seventieth year, and had been for many years an esteemed friend of Dr. Johnson. She died in 1806.—-ED.]

255 (return)
[ Mr. Langton’s wife was the Countess dowager of Rothes, widow of the eighth earl. Lady Jane Leslie, who married Sir Lucas Pepys, the physician, also enjoyed, in her own right, the title of Countess of Rothes.—ED.]

256 (return)
[ Horace Walpole.-E D.]

257 (return)
[ “Selections from the State Papers preserved in the Foreign Department of the Government of India, 1772-1785,” Edited by G. W. Forrest, VOL i. P, 178.]

258 (return)
[ “Warren Hastings,” by Sir Alfred Lyall, p. 54.]

259 (return)
[ “Selections from State Papers,” vol. i. p. xlviii.]

260 (return)
[ In his defence at the bar of the House of Commons, (Feb. 4th, 1788) Sir Elijah Impey attempted to justify his conduct by precedent, but the single precedent on which he relied does not prove much in his favour. A Hindoo, named Radachund Metre, was condemned to death for forgery in 1765, but was pardoned on this very ground, that capital punishment for such a crime was unheard of in India.]

261 (return)
[ Speech on Mr. Fox’s East India Bill, Dec. 1st, 1783,]

262 (return)
[ Fanny’s brother, the scholar. He was, at this time, master of a school at Hammersmith—ED.]

263 (return)
[ Windham had introduced and carried through the House of Commons the charge respecting Fyzoolla Khan, the Nawab of Rampore; but this charge, with many others of the original articles of impeachment, was not proceeded upon at the trial. Fyzoolla Khan was one of the Rohilla chiefs, who, more fortunate than the rest, had been permitted by treaty, after the conquest of Rohilcund in 17 74, to retain possession of Rampore as a vassal of the Vizier of Oude. By this treaty the Nawab of Rampore was empowered to maintain an army of 5,000 horse and foot in all and in return he bound himself to place from 2,000 to 3,000 troops at the disposal of the Vizier whenever that assistance might be required. In November, 1780, the Vizier, or rather, Hastings, speaking by the mouth of the Vizier, called upon Fyzoolla Khan to furnish forthwith a contingent of 5,000 horse. The unhappy Nawab offered all the assistance in his power, but not only Was the demand unwarranted by the terms of the treaty, but the number of horse required was far greater than he had the means to furnish. Thereupon Mr. Hastings gave permission to the Vizier to dispossess his vassal of his dominions. This iniquitous scheme, however, was never carried out, and in 1782, Fyzoolla Khan made his peace with the Governor-General, and procured his own future exemption from military service, by payment of a large sum of money.— ED.]

264 (return)
[ Mr. Hastings’s enemy was Mr. afterwards Sir Philip Francis, by some people supposed to have been the author of “Junius’s Letters.” The best friend of Mr. Hastings here alluded to was Clement Francis, Esq. of Aylsham, in Norfolk, who married Charlotte, fourth daughter of Dr. Burney. (Francis, though an active supporter of the impeachment, was not one of the “managers.” He had been nominated to the committee by Burke, but rejected by the House, on the ground of his well-known animosity to Hastings.—ED.)]

265 (return)
[ After all, Impey escaped impeachment. In December, 1787, Sir Gilbert Elliot, one of the managers of Hastings’ impeachment, brought before the House of Commons six charges against Impey, of which the first, and most serious, related to the death of Nuncomar. The charges were referred to a committee, before which Impey made his defence, February 4, 1788. On May 9, a division was taken on the first charge, and showed a majority of eighteen in favour of Impey. The subject was resumed, May 27, and finally disposed of by the rejection of sir Gilbert Elliot’s motion without a division—ED.]

266 (return)
[ Saturday, February 16, 1788.—-ED.]

267 (return)
[ Macaulay attributes perhaps too exclusively to Court influence Fanny’s prepossession in favour of Hastings. It should be remembered that her family and many of her friends were, equally with herself, partisans of Hastings, to whom, moreover, she had been first introduced by a much valued friend, Mr. Cambridge (see ante, vol. i., P. 326).—ED.]

268 (return)
[ “Miss Fuzilier” is the name given in the “Diary” to Miss Charlotte Margaret Gunning, daughter of Sir Robert Gunning. She married Colonel Digby (“Mr. Fairly”) in 1790.—-ED.]

269 (return)
[ This would seem to fix the date as Thursday, February 21, Thursday being mentioned by Fanny as the Court-day (see ante, p. 125). According, however, to Debrett’s “History of the Trial,” Fox spoke on the charge relating to Cheyt Sing on Friday, February 22, the first day of the Court’s sitting since the preceding Tuesday.—ED.]

270 (return)
[ The managers had desired that each charge should be taken separately, and replied to, before proceeding to the next. Hastings’s counsel, on the other hand, demanded that all the charges should be presented before the defence was opened. The Lords, by a large majority, decided against the managers.—ED.]

271 (return)
[ Windham relates that when he called upon Dr. Johnson, six days before his death, Johnson put into his hands a copy of the New Testament, saying “Extremum hoc mumus morientis habeto.” See the extracts from Windham’s journal in Croker’s “Boswell,” v., 326. In a codicil to Johnson’s will, dated Dec. 9, 1784, we find, among other bequests of books, “to Mr. Windham, Poete Greci Henrici per Henriculum Stephanum.”—ED.]

272 (return)
[ i.e. to the benches assigned to the Commons in Westminster Hall. These immediately adjoined the chamberlain’s box in which Miss Burney was seated.—ED.]

273 (return)
[ Mrs. Delany died on the 15th of April, 1788.—-ED.]

274 (return)
[ Her sister Susan and Mrs. Locke. The day referred to must have been Friday, April 11th, on which day Mr. Anstruther spoke on the charge relating to Cheyt Sing.—ED.

275 (return)
[ See ante, vol. 1, p. 220.—ED.]

276 (return)
[ The young son of Colonel Digby.—ED.]

277 (return)
[ Mrs. Haggerdorn, Fanny’s predecessor in office. See ante, p. 26.—-ED.]

278 (return)
[ “Cerbera” was Fanny’s not inappropriate name for Mrs. Schwellenberg.—ED.]

279 (return)
[ By William Falconer, born at Edinburgh in 1730. His poem, “The Shipwreck,” was suggested by his own experience at sea, and was first published in 1762. Falconer sailed for Bengal in 1769, the vessel touched at the Cape in December, and was never heard of more.—ED.]

280 (return)
[ In the “European Magazine” for May 1788, appeared an article from the pen of Baretti, headed “On Signora Piozzi’s publication of Dr. Johnson’s Letters, Stricture the First.” It is filled with coarse, personal abuse of the lady, whom the author terms “the frontless female, who goes now by the mean appellation of Piozzi.” “Stricture the Second,” in the same tone, appeared the following month, and the “Third,” which closed the series, in August of the same year. In the last number Baretti comments, with excessive bitterness, on Mrs. Piozzi’s second marriage.—ED.]

281 (return)
[ “Original Love-letters between a Lady of Quality and a Person of Inferior Station.” Dublin, 1784. Though by no means devoid of “nonsense and romance,” the little book is not altogether undeserving of Colonel Digby’s encomium. The story is very slight, and concludes, quite unnecessarily and rather unexpectedly, with the death of the gentleman, just as his good fortune seems assured.—ED.]

282 (return)
[ Robert Raikes, who was born at Gloucester in 1735, was a printer and the son of a printer. His father was proprietor of the “Gloucester journal.” In conjunction with the Rev. Mr. Stocks, Raikes founded the institution of Sunday Schools in 1781. He died at Gloucester in 1811.—-ED.]

283 (return)
[ “Cui Bono? or, an Inquiry what Benefits can arise either to the English or the Americans, the French, Spaniards, or Dutch, from the greatest victories, or successes, in the present War, being a Series of Letters, addressed to Monsieur Necker, late Controller-General of the Finances of France,” By Josiah Tucker, D.D., published at Gloucester, 1781. The pamphlet was written in the advocacy of a general peace, and attracted much attention. The third edition appeared in 1782.—-ED.]

284 (return)
[ Fanny alludes to an old adventure of Baretti’s. He was accosted in the Haymarket by a prostitute, October 6, 1769. The woman was importunate, and the irritable Italian struck her on the hand; upon which three men came up and attacked him. He then drew a dagger in self defence, and mortally wounded one of his assailants. Baretti was tried at the Old Bailey for murder, October 20, and acquitted; Johnson, Burke, and Garrick appearing as witnesses to his character.—ED.]

285 (return)
[ With all Fanny’s partiality for the “sweet queen,” the evidences of that sweet creature’s selfishness keep turning up in a very disagreeable manner—ED.]

286 (return)
[ “The Country Girl,” Which is still occasionally performed, is an adaptation by Garrick of one of the most brilliant, and most indecent, of Restoration comedies—Wycherley’s “Country Wife.” Mrs. Jordan played the part of “Peggy,” the “Margery Punchwife” of Wycherley’s play. It was in this part that she made her first appearance in London, at Drury Lane, October 18, 1785. She was one of the most admired actresses of her time. Genest, who saw her, writes of her, “As an actress she never had a superior in her proper line Mrs. Jordan’s Country Girl, Romp, Miss Hoyden, and all characters of that description were exquisite—in breeches parts no actress can be put in competition with her but Mrs. Woffington, and to Mrs. Woffington she was as superior in point of voice as Mrs. Woffington was superior to her in beauty” (viii. p. 430). Mrs. Jordan died at St. Cloud, July 5, 1816, aged fifty. There is an admirable portrait of her by Romney in the character of the “Country Girl.”—ED.]

287 (return)
[ See ante, vol. i., p. 151.—-ED.]

288 (return)
[ Fanny’s cousin, the son of Dr. Burney’s brother, Richard Burney of Worcester.—ED.]

289 (return)
[ The poem in question is the “Ode to the Evening Star,” the fifteenth of the first hook of Odes. Mr. Akenside, having paid his tear on fair Olympia’s virgin tomb, roams in quest of Philomela’s bower, and desires the evening star to send its golden ray to guide him, it is pretty, however. The first stanza runs as follows:—

“To night retired, the queen of heaven With young Endymion strays; And now to Hesper it is given Awhile to rule the vacant sky, Till she shall to her lamp supply A stream of lighter rays.”—ED.]

290 (return)
[ Joseph JÉrome le FranÇais de Lalande, one of the most distinguished of French astronomers. He was born in 1732, and died in 1807.—-ED.]

291 (return)
[ Silly: insipid.]

293 (return)
[ “‘Tis very troublesome, but one must say pretty things to ladies.”]

294 (return)
[ Physician-in-ordinary to the king—ED.]

295 (return)
[ Her tragedy of “Edwy and Elgiva,” which was produced at Drury Lane in 1795. See note ante, vol. i., p. xlv.—-ED.]

296 (return)
[ The “Douglas cause” was one of the causes celebres of its tine. Its history is briefly as follows. In 1746 Lady Jane Douglas married Sir John Stewart. At Paris, in July, 1748, she gave birth to twins, Archibald and Sholto, of whom the latter died an infant. Lady Jane herself died in 1753. The surviving child, Archibald, was always recognized as their son by Lady Jane and Sir John. In 1760 the Duke of Douglas, the brother of Lady Jane, being childless, recognised his sister’s son as his heir, and bequeathed to him by will the whole of the Douglas estates, revoking, for that purpose, a previous testament which he had made in favour of the Hamilton family. The Duke died in 1761, and Archibald, who had assumed his mother’s, name of Douglas, duly succeeded to the estates. His right, however, Was disputed at law by the Duke of Hamilton, on the pretence, which he sought to establish, that Archibald Douglas was not in fact the son of his reputed mother. The Lords of Session in Scotland decided in favour of the Duke of Hamilton, whereupon Mr. Douglas appealed to the House of Lords, which reversed the decision of the Scottish court (February 2-, 1769), 1, “thereby confirming to Mr. Douglas his Filiation and his Fortune.”—ED.]

297 (return)
[ “Miss Fuzilier,” the Diary-name for Miss Gunning, whom Colonel Digby did subsequently marry. “Sir R———F———” is her father, Sir Robert Gunning.—ED.]

298 (return)
[ One of the apothecaries to the royal household.—ED.]

299 (return)
[ Dr. Richard Warren, one of the physicians in ordinary to the king and the Prince of Wales.—ED.]

300 (return)
[ The Lord chancellor Thurlow.—ED.]

301 (return)
[ Mrs. Elizabeth Carter’s “Ode to Wisdom,” printed in “Clarissa Harlowe” (vol. ii., letter x.), with a musical setting, given as the composition of Clarisa herself. The Ode is by no means without merit of a modest kind, but can scarcely be ranked the production of a genuine poet.—ED.]

302 (return)
[ “Emmeline, the Orphan of the Castle,” a novel in four volumes, by Charlotte Smith. Published 1788.—-ED.]

303 (return)
[ Mr. Frederick Montagu was not only a member of the opposition but One of the managers of the impeachment of Warren Hastings.—ED.]

304 (return)
[ Burke’s last act before quitting office at the close of 1783, had been to procure for Dr. Burney the post of organist to Chelsea hospital, to which was attached a salary of fifty pounds a year.—ED.]

305 (return)
[ The palace of Kew.—ED.]

306 (return)
[ See ante, p. 44.—-ED.]

307 (return)
[ The Duke of Clarence, third son of George III.; afterwards William IV.—ED.]

308 (return)
[ “The Jessamy Bride.” See ante, vol. i, p. 111.—ED.]

309 (return)
[ “Observations and Reflections made in the course of a Journey through France, Italy, and Germany,” by published in 1789.]

310 (return)
[ “The Midnight Hour,” a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald, well known as the authoress of “A Simple Story,” and “Nature and Art,” was originally produced at Covent Garden, May 22, 1787. “The Commissary,” a comedy by Samuel Foote, partly taken from “Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,” was first performed at the Haymarket in June, 1765. Mr. Quick and Mrs. Wells were popular comedians of the time.—ED.]

311 (return)
[ In “The Provoked Husband,” by Vanbrugh and Cibber.—ED.]

312 (return)
[ Maria Anne Smythe was born in 1756, and married, in 1775, Edward Weld of Lulworth Castle. He died within a year, and she married, in 1778, Thomas Fitzherbert of Swinnerton, Staffordshire, who died in 1781. In December, 1785, Mrs. Fitzherbert was privately married to the Prince of Wales. The marriage was never publicly recognised, and its legality was perhaps disputable: for by the Act of 1772 the marriage of any member of the Royal family under the age of twenty-five without the king’s consent, was declared invalid, and at the date of his marriage with the beautiful Mrs Fitzherbert, the Prince was but twenty-three years of age. He always treated her as his wife, however, and she was received in society. She continued to live with him even after his marriage with the Princess Caroline, and finally parted from him in 1803, retiring with an allowance of 6,000 pounds a year to Brighton, where she died in 1837.—-ED.]

313 (return)
[ A character in Colman’s comedy of “The Jealous Wife.”— ED.]

314 (return)
[ Sisters—the Italian word.—ED.]

315 (return)
[ Dock is now called Devonport.—ED.]

316 (return)
[ The lady-sculptor, the Hon. Mrs. Damer, daughter of General Conway and kinswoman of Horace Walpole, who bequeathed to her, for the term of her life, his villa at Strawberry Hill. Her performances in sculpture were of no great merit, but were prodigiously admired by Horace Walpole, who had a notorious weakness for the works of persons of quality. Mrs. Damer was a staunch whig, and canvassed Westminster on behalf of Charles Fox at the election of 1784, in company with the Duchess of Devonshire and Mrs. Crewe.—ED.]

317 (return)
[ His late wife, it will be remembered, was a daughter of Lord Ilchester.—ED.]

318 (return)
[ Longleat, in Wiltshire, was never intended for a monastery, but Was built from a design, it is said, by John of Padua, for Sir John Thynne, who was knighted by Somerset on the field, after the battle of Pinkie. Sir John’s descendant, Thomas Thynne, Esq., of Longleat, the wealthy friend of Monmouth, and the “wise Issachar” of Dryden’s “Absalom and Achitophel,” was murdered in his coach in Pall- Mall (February 12, 1682), by the contrivance of Count Koenigsmark, who was tried for the murder and acquitted, although his confederates, the actual perpetrators of the crime, were hanged for it. Thomas Thynne was succeeded in his estates by his cousin, Sir Thomas Thynne, who was the same year created Baron Thynne and Viscount Weymouth, titles which have descended in the family, and to which that of Marquis of Bath has since been added. (See “Count Koenigsmark and Tom of Ten Thousand,” by H. Vizetelly, London, 1890.)—ED.]

319 (return)
[ James Bruce, the famous African traveller, made the acquaintance of the Burney family in 1775. He was about seven feet in height. In her early letters to Mr. Crisp, Fanny calls him the “man- mountain.”—ED.]

320 (return)
[ Sir James Thornhill, the father-in-law of Hogarth.—ED.]

321 (return)
[ “One day, in the month of July, 1789, while finishing the portrait of the Marchioness of Hereford, he felt a sudden decay of sight in his left eye. He laid down the pencil, sat a little while in mute consideration, and never lifted it more. His sight gradually darkened, and within ten weeks of the first attack his left eye was wholly blind.” (Allan Cunningham.) For some time after this he attended to his duties as President of the Royal Academy, and he delivered his last address to the students in 1790. Sir Joshua died in his sixty-ninth year, February 23, 1792—ED.]

322 (return)
[ Wednesday, November 18.—-ED.]

323 (return)
[ Covent Garden.—ED.]

324 (return)
[ A comedy by Reynolds, originally produced at Covent Garden, May 15, 1789.—-ED.]

325 (return)
[ Sir Robert Gunning, the bride’s father.—ED.]

326 (return)
[ Fanny refers to Burke’s attitude during the Regency debates, in which, as a member of the opposition, he had supported Mr. Fox.—ED.]

327 (return)
[ “A Narrative of the mutiny on board his majesty’s ship Bounty; and the subsequent Voyage of part of the Crew, in the ship’s boat, from Tofoa, one of the Friendly Islands, to Timor, a Dutch settlement in the East Indies. Written by Lieutenant William Bligh.” London, 1790. Lieutenant (afterwards Admiral) Bligh was appointed to the command of the Bounty in August, 1787. He sailed from England in December, and arrived at Otaheite, October 26, 1788, the object of his voyage being to transplant the bread fruit tree from the South Sea Islands to the British colonies in the West Indies, with a view to its acclimatisation there. A delay of more than five months at Otaheite demoralized the crew, to whom the dolce farniente of life in a Pacific island, and the Charms of the Otaheitan women, offered greater attractions than the toils of sea-faring under a somewhat tyrannical captain. The Bounty left Otaheite April 4, 1789, and on the 28th of the same month a mutiny broke out under the leadership of the mater’s mate, Fletcher Christian. Captain Bligh and eighteen of his men were set adrift in the ship’s boat, in which they sailed for nearly three months, undergoing terrible privations, and reaching the Dutch settlement at Timor, an island off the east coast of Java, June 14. Bligh arrived in England, March 14, 1790. The mutineers finally settled in Pitcairn’s island, where their descendants are still living.—ED.]

328 (return)
[ See note ante 263, p. 102.—-ED.]

329 (return)
[ Mrs. Piozzi’s youngest daughter, who had accompanied her mother and step-father abroad.—ED.]

330 (return)
[ It appears from a note in the “Memoirs of Dr. Burney” (vol. iii. p. 199), that Fanny had once before met Mrs Piozzi since her marriage, at an assembly at Mrs. Locke’s. This meeting must have taken place Soon after the marriage, as Mrs. Piozzi went abroad with her husband shortly afterwards.—ED.]

331 (return)
[ Fanny’s half-sister.—ED.]

332 (return)
[ An allusion to the personal resemblance between Windham and Hastings. See ante, p. 149.—-ED.]

333 (return)
[ By her “Visions” Fanny apparently means her desire of resigning her place at Court, and her hope of her father’s concurrence.- -ED.]

334 (return)
[ i.e., Attempts to induce him to procure for sundry strangers some acquaintance with his daughter.—ED.]

335 (return)
[ The Comtesse de Bouflers-Rouvrel and, probably, her daughter-in-law, the Comtesse AmÉlie de Bouflers. Madame de Bouflers- Rouvrel was distinguished in Parisian society as a bel-esbrit, and corresponded for many years with Rousseau. Left a widow in 1764, she became the mistress of the Prince de Conti. Her first visit to England was in 1763, when she was taken by Topham Beauclerk to see Dr. Johnson. She revisited this country at the time of the emigration, but returning to France, was imprisoned by the Revolutionists. The fall of Robespierre (July, 1794) restored her to liberty. Amelie de Bouflers, less fortunate than her mother-in-law, perished by the guillotine, June 27, 1794.—- ED.]

336 (return)
[ But is it possible, sir, that your daughter has no holidays?]

337 (return)
[ Burke’s speech, delivered February 9, in a debate on the army estimates, in which he took occasion to denounce, with great vehemence, the principles and conduct of the French Revolution, which he contrasted, much to its disadvantage, with the English Revolution of 1688. “The French,” he said, “had shown themselves the ablest architects of ruin that had hitherto appeared in the world.” The sentiments uttered by Burke on this occasion delighted the ministerialists and friends of the Court as much as they dismayed his own party. As the debate proceeded he found himself in the strange position of a chief of opposition enduring the compliments of the prime minister and the attacks of Fox and Sheridan, who took a broader and juster view of the great events in France, though condemning equally with Burke the Excesses of the Revolutionists. Fox declared His grief at hearing, “from the lips of a man whom he loved and revered,” Sentiments “so hostile to the general principles of liberty.” This speech of Burke’s may be said to mark the commencement of that disagreement between himself and Fox, which culminated in the total breach of their friendship.—ED.]

338 (return)
[ Dr. Burney was a member of this famous club, having been elected in 1784. Mr. Windham had been a member since 1778.—-ED.]

339 (return)
[ “Reflections on the Revolution in France,” published November 1, 1790. it was received by the public with avidity, and went through eleven editions within a year—ED.]

340 (return)
[ An allusion to the imperious interruption of the marriage of Cecilia, and young Delvile. See “Cecilia,” book vii., ch. 7.—ED.]

341 (return)
[ Some weeks later Fanny has the following allusion to the ball: “The Princess Mary chatted with me over her own adventures on the queen’s birthday, when she first appeared at Court. The history of her dancing at the ball, and the situation of her partner and brother, the Duke of Clarence, she spoke of with a sweet ingenuousness and artless openness which makes her very amiable character. And not a little did I divert her when I related the duke’s visit to our party! ‘O,’ cried she, ‘he told me of it himself the next morning, and said, “You may think how far I was gone, for I kissed the Schwellenberg’s hand!”’”—ED.]

342 (return)
[ “On the evening of Saturday May 15 (1784), he [Dr. Johnson] was in fine spirits at our Essex Head Club. He told us, ‘I dined yesterday at Patrick’s with Mrs. Carter, Miss Hannah More, and Fanny Burney. Three such women are not to be found: I know not where I could find a fourth, except Mrs. Lennox, who is superior to them all.’” (Boswell.) This “occasional sally” cannot, of course, be taken as expressing Johnson’s deliberate opinion of the relative merits of Fanny Burney and Mrs. Lenox. He was an old friend of Charlotte Lenox, and had written in 1752 the dedication for her “Female Quixote,” a novel of singular charm and humour, though scarcely to be placed on a par with “Evelina” or “Cecilia.”—ED.]

343 (return)
[ Fanny’s successor in office.—ED.]

344 (return)
[ The old servant of Mrs. Delany.—ED.]

345 (return)
[ Fanny’s maid.—ED.]

346 (return)
[ The flight of the king and his family from Paris, on the night of June 20-21. They reached Varennes in safety the following night, but were there recognised and stopped, and the next day escorted back to Paris.—ED.]

347 (return)
[ The reader will find in Green’s “History of the English People,” a widely different view of’ the character of Dunstan. But Fanny knew only the old stories, and had, moreover, written a tragedy, “Edwy and Elgiva,” in which Dunstan, in accordance with those old stories, appears as the villain.—ED.]

348 (return)
[ Author of the “New Bath Guide.”—ED.]

349 (return)
[ Henrietta Frances, second daughter of John, first Earl Spencer, and younger sister of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, married Viscount Duncannon in 1780. She died in 1821.—-ED.]

350 (return)
[ Gibbon had good reason for his opinion of the power of Lady Elizabeth’s charms. In 1787, he met her at Lausanne, a young widow of twenty-eight, and found her allurements so irresistible that he proposed marriage to her, and was rejected.—ED.]

352 (return)
[ In the “Memoirs of Dr. Burney,” Fanny writes in more detail of this her last visit to Sir Joshua. “He was still more deeply depressed; though Miss Palmer good-humouredly drew a smile from him, by gaily exclaiming, ‘Do, pray, now, uncle, ask Miss Burney to write another book directly! for we have almost finished Cecilia again—and this is our sixth reading of it!’”]

“The little occupation, Miss Palmer said, of which Sir joshua was then capable, was carefully dusting the paintings in his picture gallery, and placing them in different points of view.

“This passed at the conclusion of 1791; on the February of the following year, this friend, equally amiable and eminent, was no more!” (Memoirs, vol. iii. p. 144).—ED.]

353 (return)
[ The wife of Sir Lucas Pepys.—ED.]

354 (return)
[ Afterwards Lord Ellenborough: the leading counsel for Hastings.—ED.]

355 (return)
[ February 23, 1792.—-ED.]

356 (return)
[ The greater part of Sir joshua’s large fortune was left to his unmarried niece, Mary Palmer. Considerable legacies were left to his niece, Mrs. Gwatkin (Offy Palmer), and to his friend Edmund Burke. In addition to these legacies, his will provided for a number of small bequests, including one of a thousand pounds to his old servant, Ralph Kirkley. In the following summer Mary Palmer married the Earl of Inchiquin, afterwards Marquis of Thomond. “He is sixty-nine,” Fanny writes about that time of Lord Inchiquin; “but they say he is remarkably pleasing in his manners, and soft and amiable in his disposition.”—ED.]

357 (return)
[ He was buried in the crypt of St. Paul’s Cathedral, near the tomb of Sir Christopher Wren.—ED.]

358 (return)
[ The recent proclamation by the Government against the publication and sale of seditious writings. The “new associates” were members of the societies of sympathisers with the principles of the French Revolution, which, under such titles as “Friends of the People.” “Corresponding Society,” etc., were now spreading all over England.—ED.]

359 (return)
[ The revolutionary clubs of Paris, the Jacobins’ Club in particular, gradually acquired such power as enabled them to overawe the Legislative Assembly, and even, at a later date, the Convention itself. Their influence only ceased with the overthrow and death of their leader, RobespiÈrre, in 1794.—ED.]

360 (return)
[ The wife and eldest daughter of Arthur Young, the well- known writer on agriculture. Mrs. Young was the sister of Dr. Burney’s second Wife.—ED.]

361 (return)
[ “Madame de Genlis’s husband, the Count de Genlis, had become Marquis of Sillery by the death of his elder brother. He was a Revolutionist and member of the Girondin party: one of the twenty-two Girondins who perished by the guillotine, October 31, 1793. Madame de Genlis (or Brulard) had come to England in October, 1791, with her young pupil, Mlle. d’OrlÉans (EgalitÉ), the daughter of Philippe EgalitÉ, Duke of Orleans, whose physicians had ordered her to take the waters at Bath. They remained in England until November, 1792, when they were recalled to Paris by EgalitÉ. Arriving there, they found themselves proscribed as emigrants, and obliged to quit Paris within eight-and-forty hours. They then took refuge in Flanders, and settled at Tournay where Pamela was married to Lord Edward Fitzgerald, subsequently one of the leaders in the Irish Rebellion of 1798. In Flanders Madame de Genlis enjoyed the protection of General Dumontiez, but when he became suspected, with too good reason, by the Convention, she was obliged again to take flight, and found safety at last with Mlle. d’OrlÉans, in Switzerland.”

Pamela was the adopted daughter of Madame de Genlis; some said her actual daughter by the Duke of Orleans; but this is at least doubtful. “Circe,” or “Henrietta Circe,” as Fanny afterwards calls her, was Madame de Genlis’s niece, Henriette de Sercey (!), who subsequently married a rich merchant of Hamburg.—ED. VOL. 11.]

362 (return)
[ “Is it possible? Am I so happy? Do I see my dear Miss Burney?”—ED.]

363 (return)
[ Earl Macartney was sent as ambassador to China in 1793, for the purpose of concluding a commercial treaty with that power. He was unsuccessful, however, and, after spending some months in China, the embassy returned to England.—ED.]

364 (return)
[ “Miss French, a lively niece of Mr. Burke’s.” (.Memoirs of Dr. Burney, vol. iii, p. 157.)—ED.]

365 (return)
[ Burke was, of course, mistaken. When Wycherley died, at seventy-five (December, 1715), Mary Granville (afterwards Mrs. Delany) was in her sixteenth year. Wycherley, it is true, married a young wife on his deathbed, but it is certain that this was not Mary Granville; indeed, if Pope’s account, given in Spence’s “Anecdotes,” may be trusted, it was a woman of very different character.—ED.]

366 (return)
[ Alexander Wedderburn, afterwards Lord Loughborough, was born in or near Edinburgh in 1733. He attained distinction at the bar, and entered Parliament early in the reign of George III. As a politician he was equally notorious for his skill in debate and his want of public principle. Previously a member of the opposition, he ratted to the Government in 1771, and was rewarded by Lord North with the Solicitor- Generalship. He defended Lord Clive in 1773. When Thurlow became Lord Chancellor (in 1778), Wedderburn succeeded him in the office of Attorney-General. In 1786 he was made Chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and called to the House of Peers by the title of Baron Loughborough. After this we find him acting as a follower of Charles Fox, and leader of the Whig party in the House of Lords. He supported Fox’s views on the Regency question in 1788-9, but when the split in the Whig party on the subject of the French Revolution took place, Loughborough, like Burke, gave his support to the government. In January, 1793, he obtained the long coveted post of Lord Chancellor. He died January 1, 1805. A story goes that when the news of Loughborough’s death was brought to George III., “his majesty was graciously pleased to exclaim, ‘Then he has not left a greater knave behind him in my dominions.’” (Campbell’s “Lives of the Chancellors,” vol. vi., p. 334.)- -ED.]

367 (return)
[ Thomas Erskine (born 1750, died 1823), If less eminent in the law, was a far more respectable politician than Loughborough, although his parliamentary career was by no means so brilliant. He was a consistent Whig, with the courage of his convictions. He lost his post of Attorney-General to the Prince of Wales through his defence of Thomas Paine, author of the famous “Rights of Man,” in December, 1792. Fired by the example of the French Revolutionists, the friends of liberty in England were, about this time, everywhere forming themselves into political associations, for the purpose of promoting Parliamentary reform, and generally “spreading the principles of freedom.” By the government these societies were regarded as seditious. Erskine was a member of one or more of these associations, and one of his most brilliant triumphs at the bar was connected with the prosecution by government (October, 1794), of Hardy Thelwall and Horne Tooke for high treason, as members of one of these supposed seditious societies. The prisoners were defended by Erskine and acquitted. Erskine became Lord Chancellor in 1806 after the death of Pitt.—ED.]

368 (return)
[ On his own admission Erskine was a member of the Society of Friends of the People about the end of 1792—ED.]

369 (return)
[ With all his talents Erskine was always noted for his inordinate vanity.—ED.]

370 (return)
[ The famous Lord Chief justice. He died in 1793, aged eighty-eight years.—ED.]

371 (return)
[ Alderman Boydell’s celebrated “Shakspeare Gallery” in Pall Mall, contained paintings illustrative of Shakspeare by Reynolds, Romney, Fuseli, and many others of the most distinguished painters of the day. The entire collection, comprising one hundred and seventy works, was sold by auction by Christie, in May, 1805.—-ED.]