EDITOR'S PREFACE

PREFACE TO VOLUME IV

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

SECTION I

PART I

SECTION I (2)

PART II

SECTION II

SECTION III

SECTION IV

SECTION V

INDEX

Transcriber’s notes:

In this transcription, hyperlinks are indicated by a black dotted underline (and a teal highlight when the mouse pointer hovers over them). A red dashed underline indicates the presence of a transcriber’s comment; scrolling the mouse pointer over such text will reveal the comment. Footnote markers in the text are hyperlinked to the footnotes located at the end of the book. Page numbers are shown in the right margin.

Cross-references to tables, figures and pages within this volume have been hyperlinked, but cross-references to the other three volumes of the publication have not been hyperlinked because they are not yet available in html format.

The table of contents contains a mix of italicised and non-italicised entries that generally correspond to different heading levels in the body of the text, but the correspondence is inaccurate and not all headings are listed. No attempt has been made to correct these anomalies.

Where appropriate, illustrations have been repositioned close to their first reference in the text, and their page locations have been adjusted in the list of illustrations at the beginning of the book.

The text contains several archaic symbols representing measures of weight that were used by apothecaries. Modern browsers display the symbols correctly with Times New Roman or Lucida Sans Unicode fonts. The main symbols are ‘ʒ’ representing the drachm unit of weight, and ‘℥’ representing the ounce unit of weight (8 drachms = 1 ounce). The third symbol does not have an exact computer equivalent and has been represented in this transcription by the character ‘ɱ’, which can signify ‘minim’ (a measure of volume equal to 1/60th of a fluid drachm), ‘drop’, or ‘part by volume’. If the symbols are not displayed correctly, try using a different font or a different browser, or click on ‘minim’, ‘drachm’ or ‘ounce’ to see images of what they look like. Roman numerals x, v, i and j (i and j both represent 1) indicate the quantities associated with these symbols.

Various inconsistencies of spelling and hyphenation occur throughout the text; some are simple typographical errors but most are probably variations attributable to the book's multiple authorship. Words with variable spellings that occur with similar frequency (e.g. trocar / trochar, aneurism / aneurysm) have not been changed, but most other spelling inconsistencies have been ‘corrected’ to the predominant form (e.g. Caesarian --> Caesarean, turbinate --> turbinal). Omitted letters have been corrected by inserting the missing letters in square brackets (e.g. sella turc[ic]a). Simple typos such as uretha (urethra) and polpyus (polypus) have been corrected silently, and likewise with missing punctuation such as commas omitted from the index and the table of contents. An apostrophe is used inconsistently with the proper noun Bruening or Bruenings.

Inconsistencies of spacing and hyphenation have been treated similarly. For example, spaces have been removed from the abbreviations i.e. e.g. and from percentage values. Compound nouns that occur equally often with/without hyphens, have not been changed, e.g. bone forceps / bone-forceps, attic wall / attic-wall, whereas those that are more often either hyphenated or not hyphenated, have been standardised accordingly, e.g. punch forceps --> punch-forceps, heart-failure --> heart failure.