TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Preface vii
Introduction xvii
CHAPTER I
THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA
The Part of the Isthmus and the Strait in History 1
The Isthmus of Suez and the Isthmus of Panama: The Route from Colon to Culebra and Panama 2
View from the Hill of Ancon 9
The Natives of the Isthmus: The San Blas Indians 13
The English Raiders: Drake and Morgan 15
The Canal: Gatun Locks and Lake 19
The Great Cutting at Culebra 24
Administration and Sanitation of the Canal Zone 26
Failure of the French Undertaking due Primarily to Disease 28
Commercial Prospects of the Canal 33
General Impressions made by the Isthmus and the Canal 35
CHAPTER II
THE COAST OF PERU
Cold Climate of the West Coast 37
The Antarctic Current 38
Aridity and Barrenness of the Peruvian Coast 39
Payta: The Guano Islands 40
Lima: General Aspect and Buildings 46
Life and Society in Lima 51
Mollendo and the Peruvian Southern Railway 54
First View of the Andes 56
The Desert of Western Peru 57
The City of Arequipa 60
The Volcano of El Misti 61
Oriental Aspect of Arequipa 64
Character of the People of Arequipa 66
A Story from Colonial Days 69
CHAPTER III
CUZCO AND THE LAND OF THE INCAS
Physical Character of Peru 75
Crossing of the Andes from Arequipa to the Central Plateau of Lake Titicaca 80
Scenery of the Valley from the Plateau to Cuzco 81
One of the Sources of the Amazon 86
Market Day at Sicuani: The Quichua Indians 88
Cuzco: Its Situation and Aspect 95
The Spanish Buildings at Cuzco 96
The Ancient Buildings: Inca Walls 102
The Prehistoric Fortress of Sacsahuaman 107
Impression made by the Remains of Ancient Peruvian Work 114
Historical Associations of Cuzco 114
[Note on the Fortress Walls of Sacsahuaman] 118
CHAPTER IV
LAKE TITICACA AND THE CENTRAL ANDES
The Central Plateau and the Lake 119
Inhabitants of the Plateau: The AymarÁ 961-h@45961-h-10.htm.html#Page_429" class="pginternal">429
Geographical Position 429
Physical Environment: Climate 430
The Aborigines: Their Number and Character 432
The Struggle for Independence and the Civil Wars 434
Recent Economic Development: Immigration 437
Which of the Republics have become Nations? 438
Chile and Argentina: Mexico, Peru, Brazil 441
The Caribbean and Central American Republics 441
Does there exist a Common Sentiment of Spanish-American Nationality? 444
Will the Present Political Divisions be Maintained? 447
Prospects of International Peace in South America 448
CHAPTER XIII
THE RELATIONS OF RACES IN SOUTH AMERICA
Importance of the Aboriginal Element in Spanish-American Countries 454
How the Native Tribes came to Survive 455
Probable Present Numbers of the Indian Population 458
The Indians in Peru and Bolivia 460
Present State of these Indians, Social and Religious 460
Ulloa's Report on their Condition in the Eighteenth Century 463
Universal Illiteracy of the Indians: Their Civil and Political Status 465
Relations of Indians and Whites: No "Colour Line" in Latin America 470
How the Presence of the Aborigines has affected the Whites 475
The Negroes in Brazil 479
Three General Conclusions regarding the Native Indians of South America 480
It is not certain that they have injured the White Race by Intermixture 481
Demoralization of the Peruvian Indians by the Spanish Conquest, and Subsequent Oppression 481
Racial Repugnance not a Universal Phenomenon in the Relations of Peoples of Different Colour 482
CHAPTER XIV
THE TWO AMERICAS AND THE RELATION OF SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE
Origin of the Name "America" 484
How it came to be applied to Two Continents 486
Some Physical Similarities of the Two Continents 488
Some Similarities in their History 489
"Teutonic" America and "Latin" America 490
Divergent History of the Two Americas 492
The Indians: The Mines: The Settlers 493
Different Methods of Government 494
The Two Wars of Independence 496
The English Colonies held together while the Spanish split Up 499
What "Teutonic" and Latin America have in Common 500
The Contrasts between them are More Important 504
Present Attitude of Spanish Americans to North Americans 507
Real Affinities of Spanish America are with Some European Peoples

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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