The Roman Wall / A historical, topographical, and descriptive account of the barrier of the lower isthmus, extending from the Tyne to the Solway, deduced from numerous personal surveys

CONTENTS AND LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

		Page.
1.	Frontispiece—Pons Ælii restored.
	The site of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the Pons Ælii of the Romans, is here shewn. The ground on which it stands, rising abruptly from the bed of the river Tyne, to the height of about an hundred feet, is cut into three very remarkable tongues of land by four ravines, permeated by as many streams, which all disembogue in the Tyne. The easternmost and largest of these tongues of land is that formed by the Ouseburn and Pandon-dean; the smallest by Pandon-dean and the Lort-burn; and the westernmost, wheron stands the castle, and formerly the Roman station, by the Lort-burn and Skinner-burn. Extensive suburbs probably occupied all these eminences.
2.	Title—Modern Buildings on the site of Pons Ælii.
	The Norman keep of the Castle of Newcastle-upon-Tyne; the Church of St. Nicholas; and the court-house for the county of Northumberland, built upon the site of the south-east corner of the station of Pons Ælii.
3.	Plan of the course of the Roman Wall	facing 1

	PART I.—AN EPITOME OF THE HISTORY OF ROMAN OCCUPATION IN BRITAIN.	1

4.	Initial letter—altar from Corbridge	1
5.	Coin of Claudius—DE BRITANNIS	4
6.	Coin of Vespasian—ROMA RESURGES	6
7.	Coin of Hadrian—ADVENTUS BRITANNIÆ	11
8.	Coin of Hadrian—BRITANNIA	12
9.	Coin of Severus—VICTORIÆ BRITTANICÆ	19
10.	Coin of Carausius—reverse, a galley	22
11.	Coin of Carausius—reverse, a lion	22
12.	Coin of Magnentius—reverse, Christian monogram	24
13.	Base of column—Housesteads	24

	PART II.—A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LINE OF THE WALL.	43

14.	Initial Letter—Roman Nails	43
15.	Plan of Barrier between Cilurnum and Magna—Plan of Cilurnum^[1] and contiguous Works—Plans of individual Stations	facing 45
16.	Section of Works, near eighteenth mile-stone	52
17.	Section of Works, west of Carraw	52
18.	Mural Slab—Ala II. Asturum	61
19.	Altar to Fortune—Coh. I. Batavorum	62
20.	Altar to Jupiter—Coh. I. Tungrorum	63
21.	Written-Rock, on the river Gelt	facing 81
22.	Letters on the Written-Rock	82
23.	Form of Wall-Stone	83
24.	Junction of the west wall of Birdoswald with the Wall	84
25-27.	Broaching of the Wall Stones	85
28-31.	Marks on the Stones	86
32.	Sections and Elevations of the Masonry of the Wall	facing 89
363
129.	Slab to Hadrian, Moresby	367
130.	Symbol of Leg. XX.	368

	PART V.—THE QUESTION—WHO BUILT THE WALL?—DISCUSSED.	369

131.	Initial O, bronze ornament found at Borcovicus	369
132.	Slab, Leg. II. and Leg. XX.	392

	PART VI.—MISCELLANEOUS ANTIQUITIES FOUND ON THE LINE OF THE WALL.	393

133.	Initial M, bronze ornament, an Eagle, found at Magna	393
134.	Altar, Deo Vetri	395
135.	Large Altar to Jupiter	397
136.	Altar, Genio Loci, etc.	399
137.	Altar, Deo Cocidio	401
138.	Altar, Deo Belatucadro	401
139.	Altar to Minerva	402
140.	Altar to Fortune	403
141.	Altar to Mithras	404
142.	Altar to the Sun	405
143.	Attendant of Mithras	406
144.	Altar to Mithras	407
145.	Zodiacal Tablet, Borcovicus	409
146.	Pine-apple Ornament, etc., Cilurnum	410
147.	Presumed Mithraic Sculpture, Cilurnum	410
148.	Altar to Apollo, Cawfield mile-castle	411
149.	Inscription to the Syrian Goddess, Magna	412
150.	Altar to Silvanus, Amboglanna	413
151.	Altar to the Nymphs, Habitancum	414
152.	Altar to the Gods of the Mountains, Vindobala	415
153.	Altar to Epona, Magna	415
154.	Altar, sculptured with a Toad, Cilurnum	416
155.	Altar to Viteres, Thirlwall-castle	416
156.	Altar to Viteres, Condercum	417
157.	Altar to the Dea Hamia, Thirlwall-castle	417
158.	Altar to the Three LamiÆ, Condercum	418
159-60.	Egyptian Idols	418
161.	Altar to the Transmarine Mothers, Habitancum	419
162.	Sculpture to the DeÆ Matres, at Netherby	420
163.	Sculpture to the DeÆ Matres, at Netherby	PLATE I A. Reid, Sc 117, Pilgrim S^t. Newcastle. Plan OF THE COURSE OF THE ROMAN WALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. The Roman Barrier of the Lower Isthmus. Clyx.com