[1] See white faces of workmen.

[2] See London newspapers, July, 1812.

[3] ‘Fire Surveys,’ p. 58.

[4] ‘Directions to Cure the Dry Rot.’ 1807.

[5] See Report of the Officers of Portsmouth Yard, 1792.

[6] See Tredgold’s Report on this process, May 2, 1828.

[7] See No. 1, p. 3, Appendix to first volume of ‘Naval Architecture.’

[8] See paper on “Kyan’s Process” by Captain R. C. Alderson, C.E., in vol. i. ‘Papers of Royal Engineers.’

[9] See Chapman, Boydon, Jackson, and Kyan’s methods.

[10] See ‘London Journal of Arts,’ March, 1842; ‘Bull. de l’Encouragement,’ June, 1842.

[11] See ‘Repertory of Patent Inventions,’ December, 1836.

[12] See ‘Étuves de DÉsiccation et Appareil pour l’lnjection des Bois.’ Par MM. Dorsett et BlythÉ, manufacturiers, À Bordeaux. 1859.

[13] See ‘Repertory of Patent Inventions’ April, 1847.

[14] See Chap. IV., p. 97.

[15] See coating for piles, p. 161.

[16] See ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,’ v. 7, page 433; ‘Tredgold’s Carpentry’ by J. T. Hurst, 1871; ‘Histoire de l’Acad.,’ 1765, page 15; ‘Ann. des Ponts et ChaussÉes,’ v. 15, page 307; ‘Mem. sur la Conservation des Bois À la Mer,’ 1868, by Forestier; ‘Bois de Marine,’ by Quatrefages, 1848.

[17] There are eight kinds of teredines, of which three are to be found in European waters, viz. the Teredo fatalis, Teredo navalis, Teredo bipennata.

[18] See ‘Memoirs of Sir M. I. Brunel;’ also, for particulars of the construction of the shield designed by him for forming the Tunnel, Weale’s ‘London Exhibited,’ and ‘A Memoir of the Thames Tunnel,’ in Weale’s Quarterly Papers on Engineering.

[19] Note geometrical framing in spider’s web.

[20] ‘Reports of the Juries,’ Exhibition, 1851. ‘Reports’ by Dr. Gibson, Conservator of Forests, Bombay Presidency. ‘Reports’ by Dr. Cleghorn, Conservator of Forests, Madras Presidency. ‘Reports’ by Mr. H. B. Baden Powell, Inspector-General of the Forest Department, India, 1875. ‘Reports’ on the Teak Forests of Tenasserim, Calcutta, 1852. Papers by Mr. Mann and Mr. Heath on ‘Decay of Woods in Tropical Climates,’ Inst. C.E., 1866. Paper on ’ The Ravages of the Limnoria Terebrans,’ by Mr. R. Stevenson, Royal Society, 1862. ‘Account of the Bell Rock Lighthouse,’ by Robert Stevenson, 1824. Stevenson’s ‘Design and Construction of Harbours.’ Smeaton’s ‘Reports.’

[21] See ‘Sur un Moyen de Mettre tous les Approvisionnements de Bois de la Marine de la PiqÛre des Tarets’ (Compte. rend., Janv. 1848).

[22] ‘Report of German Commission relative to rendering Woodwork and Stage Materials Incombustible.’ Professor Fuchs and Dr. Pettenkofer’s Reports. Dr. Feuchtwanger’s works. M. Kuhlman’s pamphlet. ‘Reports relative to Ransome’s Process.’ Note M. Szerelmey’s patent, 21 July, 1868.

[23] See ‘Memoirs on the Use of Cast Iron in Piling,’ by Mr. M. A. Borthwick, ‘Trans. Inst. Civ. Eng.’ vol. i. No. 22.

[24] See Hurst’s ‘Tredgold’s Carpentry,’ p. 380, 1871. London.

[25] See Charlesworth’s ‘Magazine of Natural History,’ 1838, Art. Myrmica domestica. Also, ‘Boston Journal of Natural History,’ 1834, p. 993, Art. Myrmica molesta.

[26] Thunberg’s ‘Travels,’ vol. ii. p. 300.

[27] ‘Expedition to Surinam.’ By Captain Stedman. 1813. London.

[28] Koempfer’s ‘Japan,’ vol. ii.

[29] ‘Voyage de Spartmann au cap de Bonne-EspÉrance: voy. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. de GuÉrin.’ 1839.

[30] See Paper by Mr. J. B. Hartley, read before the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 23rd June, 1840, “On the Effects of the Worm on Kyanized Timber exposed to the Action of Sea Water; and on the Use of Greenheart Timber from Demerara.”

[31] Margary’s process failed to preserve wood from rot on the Bristol and Exeter Railway, England.

[32] See Paper by Mr. Thomas Hounslow, of the Royal Engineers’ Department, published in ‘Engineering,’ p. 198, 21st September, 1866. Also, Hurst’s edition of ‘Tredgold’s Carpentry,’ page 380. 1871. London.

[33] See Maconochie’s suggestion, p. 163.

[34] ‘Insects Abroad.’ By the Rev. J. Wood. 1874. London.

[35] ‘Histoire de l’AcadÉmie,’ p. 38. 1705. See also M. Maxime Paulet’s communication to the Academy, 27th April, 1874.

[36] Their Majesties’ Commission for the Rebuilding of the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, in London. London: Printed by Benjamin Motte. 1692.

[37] Workmen would now think this clause a striking one.

[38] See lecture by Mr. W. G. Rogers, “On the Carvings of Grinling Gibbons,” delivered at the Royal Institute of British Architects, 3rd June, 1867.

[39] Paper by M. de Laperier, of the Belgian Legation, read at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, relative to Flemish origin of English carving.

[40] The large pulpit is not from the design of Sir Christopher Wren, nor is the carving by Grinling Gibbons.

[41] See engraving in the ‘Art Journal,’ 1866.

[42] See Tredgold’s Report on this process, May 2, 1828.

[43] See Bartholomew’s’ Specifications,’ and Professor Donaldson’s valuable work on ‘Specifications,’ which comprises many examples by modern architects. The usual clause is: “The timber to be well seasoned (is it?), free from large knots, shakes, and other defects.”