Abe family and Nine Years' Commotion; Minister of the Left
—Kozo, on moral influence of Chinese classics
—Masahiro, policy in 1853; attempts to strengthen Tokugawa
—Muneto, brother of Sadato, war in Mutsu
—Nakamaro (701-70), studies in China
—Sadato (1019-1062), in Nine Years' Commotion
—Seimei, astronomer, his descendants in Gakashujo
—Shigetsugu (1600-51)
—Tadaaki (1583-1644), minister of Iemitsu
Abutsu-ni (d. 1283), author of Izayoi-nikki
Academies for youth of uji, Gaku-in; temple-schools, iera-koya; established by Yoshinao; the Honga school; schools in Yedo and Osaka; for court nobles
Acha-no-Tsubone
Achi, Chinese prince, migrates to Japan (289 A.D.) with weavers; carpenters; and Saka-no-ye no Tamuramaro
Adachi family, connexion with Hojo, Miura plot against; crushed (1286)
Adahiko, son of Omi, befriends Oke and Woke
Adams, Will (d. 1520), English pilot on Liefde, adviser of Ieyasu; Saris distrusts; tomb (ill.)
Adoption, law of, in Court Laws; in Tokugawa fiefs; laws of
After-Han dynasty (211-65) of China
Aganoko, lands confiscated
Agglutinative language
Agriculture, early development of; and religion; encouraged by Sujin; in reign of Suinin; on state revenue lands; in years 540-640; in Nara epoch; in Heian; in Kamakura period; under Yoshimune; Americans in remodelling methods of; growth in 19th century
Ai river, fighting on
Ainu, nature-worship of; language; subdivision of yellow race; ill.
Aizu, meeting-plan of armies in Shido shogun campaign; clan loyal to shogun at Restoration
Akabashi Moritoki
Akagashira, "red head," Akahige, "red beard," Yemishi leader in 8th century
Akahito see Yamabe Akahito
Akakura at Sekigahara
Akamatsu, large land-holdings of; Ashikaga Yoshinori plots against
—Mitsusuke (1381-1441), rebels against Yoshimochl; defeated
—Norimura (1277-1350), defender of Go-Daigo; turns against Crown; captures Kyoto (1336); and Ashikaga
—Norishige, revolts in Kyushu
—Sadamura, among generals attacking Mitsusuke
—Yoshimura, guardian of Ashikaga Yoshiharu
Aka-Nyudo, "Red Monk,"; see Yamana Mochitoyo
Akasaka taken by Hojo
Akazome Emon, authoress of Eigwa Monogatari
Akechi Mitsuhide (1526-82), soldier under Nobunaga; goes over to the Mori; shogun; tries to kill Ieyasu; death
Aki, province
Aki, daughter of Kiyo and Fujiwara Yoshifusa, Montoku's empress
Akuro-o, Yemishi leader in 8th century wars, possibly Oro-o, i.e. Russian
Alcock, Sir Rutherford (1809-97), on aliens in Japan
Alderman, over homestead of 50 houses
Alexieff, E. I. (b. 1843), Russian admiral, in command at Port Arthur
Aliens, in prehistoric ban or bambetsu; naturalized, skilled artisans, the tamibe; see Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Altaic myth; group of languages
Amako family crushed in Izumo by the Mori
—Tsunehisa (1458-1540), rivalry with Ouchi
—Yoshihisa (1545-1610), defeated by Mori
—Amakusa, Portuguese trade and Christianity in; Shimabara revolt
Ama-no-Hihoko, prince of Shiragi, Korea, settles in Tajima
Amaterasu-o-mi-Kami, Sungoddess
Amida, the Saviour; Amida-ga-mine, shrine, near Kyoto, tomb of Hideyoshi
Amur river, battle on, (660 A.D.) with Sushen; Russia's position on
Amusements, prehistoric; in early historic times; in Heian epoch; at Kamakura; in Muromachi epoch; (ills.)
Anahobe, Prince, rival of Yomei for throne; to succeed Yomei
Anato now Nagato
Ancestor-worship, apotheosis of distinguished mortals; grafted on Buddhism
Ando family revolt
—Shoshu, suicide (1333)
Andrew, Prince, Arima Yoshisada
Ane-gawa, battle (1570)
Ane-no-koji family
Animals, killing, forbidden in reign (741) of Koken; earlier; in time of Tsunayoshi; result in stock farming; worship of; mythical and terrible beasts in early records; pets
Anjin-Zuka, tomb of Will Adams, (ill.)
"Anjiro," Japanese interpreter of Xavier
Ankan, 27th Emperor (534-535)
Anko, 20th Emperor (454-456), 111-12; palace
Ankokuji Ekei see Ekei
Annam, trade with
Annen, priest, compiles Doji-kyo
Annual Letter of Jesuits
Anotsu, Ise, China trade
Anra, province Mimana
Ansatsu-shi, inspectors of provincial government
Anthology, first Japanese, "Myriad Leaves,"; of poems in Chinese style, Kwaifu-so; the Kokin-shu, 10th century; the three, of the Ho-en epoch; the Hyakunin-isshu of Teika; in the Kyoto school
Antoku, 81st Emperor (1181-1183); drowned at Dan-no-ura; perhaps a girl
Arai Hakuseki (1656-1726), Confucianist, author of Sotran I gen (ill.); retired; opposes forcing Imperial princes into priesthood
Arakahi, defeats Iwai in Chikugo (528 A.D.)
Archaeological relics
Archery, early development of; in reign of Temmu; equestrian, in Nara epoch; (ill.)
Architecture, in proto-historic times; influenced by Buddhism; in Heian epoch; Kamakura period; Muromachi
Are see Hiyeda Are
Ariga, Dr., on Korean influence on early relations with China; on supposed moral influence of Chinese classics; on false attribution to Shotoku of estimate of Buddhism; on Joei code
Arii, adherents of Southern Court in Sanyo-do
Arima, in Settsu, thermal spring; Jesuits and Buddhists in; represented in embassy to Europe
Arima Yostosada (d. 1577), brother of Omura Sumitada, baptized as Andrew
—Yoshizumi rebels
Arisugawa, one of four princely houses
—Prince (1835-95), leader of anti-foreign party
Arita, porcelain manufacture
Ariwara, uji of princely descent; Takaoka's family in; academy; eligible to high office
—Narihira (825-882), poet; (ill.)
—Yukihira (818-893), poet; founds academy, (881)
Armour, Yamato, in sepulchral remains; in Muromachi epoch; early arms and armour; after Daiho; in Heian epoch
Army see Military Affairs
Army and Navy, Department in Meiji government
Army inspector
Arrow-heads
Artillery, early use
Artisans, in prehistoric tamibe; Korean and Chinese immigrants
Arts and Crafts, promoted by Yuryaku; Chinese and Korean influence; in Kamakura period; in Heian epoch; patronized by Yoshimasa; first books on; in Muromachi epoch; in time of Hideyoshi; patronized by Tsunayoshi
Asahina Saburo (or Yoshihide) son of Wada Yoshimori
Asai family control Omi province; Nobunaga's struggle with; helped by Buddhists
—Nagamasa (1545-73), won over to Nobunaga; joins Asakura, defeated
Asaka Kaku, contributor to Dai Nihon-shi
Asakura family in Echizen; struggle with Nobunaga; helped by Buddhist priests
—Yoshikage (1533-73), defeated by Hideyoshi
Asama, eruption (1783)
Asan, Korea, occupied by Chinese (1894)
Asano Nagamasa (1546-1610); in charge of commissariat; sent to Korea (1598)
—Naganori, daimyo of Ako, exile, suicide, avenged by "47 Ronins,"
—Yukinaga (1576-1613), against Ishida
Ashikaga family favour Yoritomo; revolt of; shogun of Northern court; government; internal quarrels; estimate by Rai Sanyo; fall of; government; scholarship; school; Buddhism; against Hojo; end of shogunate of
—Chachamaru, kills his father Masatomo
—gakko, great school, under patronage of Uesugi
—Haruuji (d. 1560), kubo
—Masatomo (1436-91), kubo; builds fort at Horigoe; succession
—Mitsukane (1376-1409), kwanryo; assists the Ouchi
—Mochinaka, brother of Mochiuji, sides with Ogigayatsu
—Mochisada, intrigue to make him high constable
—Mochiuji (1398-1439), kwanryo; sides with Yamanouchi branch of Uesugi; suicide
—Motouji (1340-67), son of Takauji; kwanryo; urged to become shogun
—Shigeuji (1434-97), kubo
Ashikaga Tadafuyu (1326-1400), son of Takauji, rebels in Kyushu; joins Southern party in 1353; takes and loses Kyoto
—Tadayoshi (1307-52), assistant governor-general of Kwanto; governor of Totomi; kills Morinaga; practically regent; in Ashikaga revolt; chief of general staff; plots against the Ko brothers, defeated, joins Southern party; suicide
—Takamoto, kubo
—Takauji (1305-58), joins Go-Daigo; provincial governor; plots against Morinaga; declares himself shogun; captures Kyoto; changes plans; crushes Tadayoshi; defeated; death, estimate; shogun (1338-58); distributes estates; letters; shrine of Hachiman; Buddhist temples; signature (ill.)
—Ujimitsu (1357-98), kwanryo; wishes to be shogun; strengthens family in Kwanto; literature
—Yoshiaki (1537-97), shogun; turns to Mori, defeated; Hideyoshi intrigues with
—Yoshiakira (1330-67), kwanryo of Kwanto; succeeds Tadayoshi; de-thrones Suko; defeats Tadafuyu; shogun; surrender and death; plot against
—Yoshimi (1439-91), called Gijin, heir of Yoshimasa; deserted by Yamana (1469); retires (1477)
—Yoshimichi see Ashikaga Yoshizumi
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358-1408), shogun at Muromachi (1367-95); extravagant administration; foreign policy; dies, receives rank of ex-Emperor; treatment of Crown; and piracy; favours Zen priests
—Yoshimochi (1386-1428), shogun; succeeds his father Yoshimitsu in military offices; rebellion against; excesses
—Yoshinori (1394-41), shogun (1428-41); abbot, called Gien; rule; killed; relations with China; grants Ryukyu to Shimazu
—Yoshitane (1465-1523), shogun; rule; defeated by Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo; death
—Yoshizumi, originally Yoshimichi (1478-1511), shogun; nominal rule; death
Ashina of Aizu
Asiatic yellow race
Askold, Russian protected cruiser at Port Arthur
Asbmaro, governor of Dazaifu, wins favor of Dokyo
Assumption, De l', martyrdom (1617)
Aston, W. G., on dates in "Chronicles,"; Korean origin of Kumaso; purification service; neolithic boats; chronology; invasions of Korea; Japanese authority in Korea; local records; 17-Article Constitution; women in Heian epoch; Yoshitsune's letter; invasion of Korea
Asuka, Empress Komyo
Asuka, capital moved to; palace built by Kogyoku
Asuka-yama, groves
Asukara Norikige, high constable, crushes revolt
Asylum established by Fujiwara Fuyutsugu
Ata rebels against Sujin
Ataka Maru, great ship of Bakufu, broken up by Tsunayoshi
Atalanta Izanagi
Atogi, Korean scribe
Atsumi Hirafu, defeated by Chinese in Korea (662)
Atsunaga, brother of Atsvnari; see Go-Shujaku
Atsunari, Prince, son of Ichijo; see Go-Ichijo
Atsuta, Hachiman's shrine
Auditor of accounts
Auguries
Augustins in Japan
Avatars of Buddha, Kami
Awa, mythical first island; culture of mulberry and hemp in; overrun by Taira Tadatsune; invaded by Yoritomo; won from Satomi by Hojo Ujitsuna; Miyoshi in; indigo growing
Awada, Mahito, on committee for Daiho laws (701)
Awadaguchi, swordsmith
Awaji, island, in early myth; Izanagi goddess of; Sagara exiled to; reduced by Hideyoshi
Awo, Princess, sister of Woke, rules in interregnum
Axe, in fire ordeal
Ayala (d. 1617), Augustin vice-provincial, executed
Azuchi, in Omi, fort built by Nobunaga; church and residence for priests
Azuke, placing in custody of feudatory
Azuma, eastern provinces, origin of name
—Kagami, 13th century history, on Hojo Yasutoki
Azumi, temple of
Babylonian myth
Backgammon or sugoroku
Badges; and crests
Baelz, Dr. E., on stature and race of Japanese; on shape of eye
Bakin, on last years of Minamoto Tametomo
Bakufu, camp government, military control, Yoritomo's system of shogunate; three divisions; entrusted with choice of emperor (1272 & 1274); power weakened by Mongol invasion; and rapidly fails; Go-Fushimi appeals to; re-created at Kyoto by Takauji; in Muromachi period; at Yedo; oath of loyalty, to; Tokugawa B.; appointing power, and other powers; exiles Yamaga Soko for heterodoxy; power lessened by Chinese learning; B. party in Kyoto; relations with Court; organization; decline of power; Court nobles and Emperor begin to oppose; puts through Harris commercial treaty; and foreign representatives; pledged (1861) to drive out foreigners in 10 years; further interference of Crown and Court party; power ended
Baltic squadron, Russian, defeated by Togo
Bambelsu or Ban, aboriginal class
Bandits commanded by Buddhist priests in 10th century; their outrages
Bando or Kwanto provinces, army raised in, during 8th century; see Kwanto
Banishment; edict of 1587, against Christians
Banzai, "10,000 years," viva
Baptismal flags
Barley, cultivation of, urged as substitute for rice
Basho see Matsuo Basho
Batchelor, Rev. John, on pit-dwellers
Battering-engine
Battle Era, Sengoku Jidai, 1490-1600
Be, guilds or corporations; hereditary, not changed by Daika; property of Crown; of armourers; fishermen
Bekki Shoemon, in plot of 1652
Bell, of Hoko-ji, "treasonable" inscription on; on public-service horses; bronze bells; Nanban (ill.); bell-tower (ill.); suzu
Benkei, halberdier
Betto superintendent of uji schools; president of samurai-dokoro; regent, shikken, head of man-dokoro, office hereditary in Hojo family; head of monju-dokoro, becomes finance minister of shogun (1225)
Bidatsu, 30th Emperor (572-85)
Biddle, James. (1783-1848), Commodore, U.S.N., in Japan (1846)
Bifuku-mon-in, consort of Toba, mother of Konoe
Bin, Buddhist priest, "national doctor"; death
Bingo, woman ruler, in
Bingo, Saburo, see Kojima Takanori
Birth customs
Bison, fossil remains
Bita-sen, copper coins
Bitchu, province, Yoshinaka's force defeated in; invaded by Hideyoshi
Biwa, 4-stringed lute; biwabozu, players; (ill.)
Biwa, Lake
Bizen, swordsmith
Bizen transferred from Akamatsu to Yamana family
Black, early colour of mourning
Black Current see Kuro-shio
Boards of Religion and Privy Council under Daiho code
Bogatyr, Russian protected cruiser wrecked
Bondmen and Freemen, division by Daika; by Jito's edict
Bonita, curing, industry
Bonotsu, Satsuma
Borneo, possible source of Kumaso
Boxer Rebellion, Japanese troops in China during
Brack, Dutch ship
Bramsen, William, on early dates in "Chronicles"
Branding
Braziers
Brewing
Bribery and sale of office, attempts to abolish
Bridges, (ill.)
Brine in cosmogony
Brinkley, Capt. Frank (1841-1912), article in Encyclopaedia Britannica quoted; Oriental Series referred to
Bronze culture in South; traces before the Yamato; bells; mirrors, bowls, vases in Yamato tombs; great statue of Buddha
Buddha, early images of; copper images ordered in 605; golden image of, from Shiragi (616 and 621); great bronze Nara image (750 A.D.); Kami incarnations of, theory of Mixed Shinto; bronze image (1252) at Karnakura; great image at Kyoto; replaced by bronze
Buddhism introduced 552 A.D.; use of writing; early politics; rapid spread; priests above law; architecture; music; Empresses; disasters and signs check spread; in Xara epoch; abdications; decline of Yamato; industry; funeral of Shomu; time of Kwammu; official advancement; vices of priests; superstition; in Heian epoch; in Yorimasa uprising; Hojo regents: sects; Korean and Chinese; three Vehicles; soldier priests; crushed by Yoshinori; amulets; Chinese priests; combined with Confucianism and Shinto; Ashikaga; wars of monks; revolt in Settsu; oppose Nobunaga; in Komaki war; spies in Kyushu; Hideyoshi; priests of Kagoshima; in Choshu; in Yamaguchi; persecuted in Hirado by Christians; priests converted by Vilela; Ieyasu's laws; gains by suppression of Christianity
Bugyo, commissioners of Muromachi; 5 administrators under Hideyoshi; special appointees to rich fiefs; under Babufu; in Emperor's and ex-Emperor's court
Building-land, tenure
Buke, see Military houses.
Bukyo Shogaku, "Military Primer," by Yamaga Soko
Bummei Ittpki, work of Ichijo Kaneyoshi
Bungo, Tsuchi-gumo in; Xavier in; Jesuit headquarters; Christian success among nobles; in embassy of 1582
Bunji-kin, debased coins of 1736-40
Bunka, period, 1804-17
Bunroku, period, 1592-5
Bunsei, period, 1818-29
Bureaux, under Daika
Burial, jars of Yamato; primitive methods; coffins; honour of tombs; mounds, limited in size; funeral customs
Bushi; originated in N.E. Japan; name first used of guards; virtues of, typified in leaders of Nine Years' Commotion; general description; of Kwanto described; fighting against Mongols; outrages in provinces
Bushido, way of the warrior; cult developed by Yamaga Soko; and by Yoshimune
Butsu Sorai see Ogyu Sorai
Butter, tribute to Court
Buzen, Tsuehi-gumo in
Byodo-in, Tendai temple; prison of Go-Daigo
Cabinet under Restoration rule; crisis over Korea (1873); of 1885; dependent on Crown
Cabral; Francis (1529-1609), Jesuit Vice-provincial, on early missions, hospitals, Buddhists
Calendar, Prince Shotoku; revision of 1683; further revision planned by Yoshimune
Calligraphy
Calthrop, Capt., on Oriental tactics
Cambodia, trade with
Camera government, insei, proposed by Go-Sanjo; under Shirakawa; Go-Shirakawa; Yoritomo establishes giso at the Inchu; the three recluses; system destroyed by Shokyu war; in Kamakura regency; camera party at court; in Northern court
Canals
Canonical names of emperors
Capital changed at beginning of reign; Jimmu's change to Yamato; Chuai's to far south; to Nara (709) and previous changes; changes helped road building; change from Nara to Kyoto (792); from Kyoto to Fukuhara
Capital Punishment
Caps, official, as insignia of rank; effect of, on hair dressing; cap rank replaced by cap grade after Daika; varnished gauze
Car, of Enryaku-ji
Caron, Francis, Dutch trader, on Japanese martyrs
Cart, hunting, 126; "compass cart"; Heian epoch
Casting in Nara epoch
Castles
Catapult
Caterpillar, worship, of
Cats, pets in Heian epoch
Cattle, not used for food in early Japan, killing forbidden; Christians accused of eating
Cavalry, in capital; in war
Censor; in Tokugawa organization; as judge
Census, reign of Sujin; time of Daika, (645 A.D.); classifications, under Daiho; by Buddhist and Shinto priests
Ceremonies, Department of, under Daika; under Daiho; 15 masters of, Koke; law (927)
Chamberlain, Basil Hall, on dates in early "Chronicles"; meaning of Kami; classification of language; village communities; ancient dress; Altaic myth; names; education; Doji-kyo; swords
Chemulpo, Russians in, attacked and defeated by Uryu; landing-place for Japanese attack
Cheng Cheng-kung
Cheng Chi-lung, general of Ming dynasty
Chengtsz, Confucian commentaries of
Chen Hosiang, bonze
Chen Weiching (Chin Ikei), Chinese envoy to Japanese in Korea; and negotiations for peace
Cherry-trees, groves; festivals
Chiba, branch of Taira; one of "8 Generals of Kwanto"
Chiba Tsunetane (1118-1201), favours Yoritomo; sent to Kyoto
Chichibu, copper in, (708)
Chichibu branch of Taira
Chihaya in Hojo war
Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1724), dramatist,
Chikauji see Tokugawa Chikauji
Chikayoshi see Nakahira Chikayoshi
Chiksan, battle, (1597), 519
Chikuzen province, Dazai-fu in; Toi attack; Mongol landing
China, "High Plain of Heaven"; "Eternal Land"; architecture; bronze bells; bronze mirrors; Buddhism; calendar; ceramics; chronology; clay effigies; coinage; Crown; divination; government; literature; morality; myth; nobility; painting; promotion of officials; relations and early intercourse; scholars in Japan; Hideyoshi's plan to conquer; interference in Korea; Ming dynasty; trade; Formosa; China-Japan war; Boxer rebellion; Russia; Treaty of Portsmouth; of Peking; finances
Chin Ikei see Chen Weiching
Chinju, fort in Korea, taken by Japanese
Chinju-fu, local government station in Korea
Chinnampo, landing-place for Japanese (1904)
Cho, Korean envoy
Cho Densu see Mineho
Chokei, 98th Emperor (1368-72)
Chokei see Miyoshi Norinaga
Chokodo estates
Choko-ji, castle in Omi
Chollado, southern Korea, attacked by pirates
Chomei see Kamo Chomeii
Chong-ju, Korea, Cossacks defeated at
Cho-ryung, pass in Korea
Chosen, name of Korea, first use
Choshu, Xavier in; feudatory of, opposes Tokugawa and joins extremists; Shimonoseki complication; revolt of samurai; joins Satsuma against Tokugawa; fiefs surrender to Crown; clan representation
Chosokabe family in Shikoku punished by Hideyoshi
—Motochika (1539-99), masters Tosa and all Shikoku; in Komaki war; in invasion of Kyushu
Christianity, Nestorian in China; Azuchi castle; invasion of Korea; in Japan; Imperial edict against; aid given by Nobunaga; Hideyoshi's attitude towards; his edict of 1587; Ieyasu's treatment and his edicts; Christians side with Hideyori; Hideteda's edict (1616), (1624); teaching in Osaka after edicts; and Buddhist and Shinto census; laws against (1635, 1665); Ieyasu distinguishes between commerce and; Dutch not propagandists; opposition in 1853
"Chronicles," Early Japanese, Nihongi, general; character; superior to Records; accuracy of chronology; contradicts Records; Chinese colour in; conquest of Korea; stories from Korean history
Chronology; inaccuracy; invasion of Korea; reign of Nintoku
Chrysanthemum, Imperial badge
Chu Chi-yu, Chinese scholar
—Hi, Hayashi follows
Chuai, 14th Emperor (192-200)
Chugoku, central Japan, invaded by Hideyoshi
Chukyo, 85th Emperor (1221)
Chusan, Mimasaka, Kami of
Chushin, Zen priest, pupil of Soseki
Choson-ji, monastery, with graves of the Fujiwara of the North
Chutsz (Shu-shi), Confucian commentaries of; rejected by Yamaga Soko; officially adopted; expounded by Japanese scholars; contrasted with Wang Yang-ming
Chu Yuan see Sogen
Chozan, ruler of Ryukyu (1373)
Cicada-shaped hair ornaments
City administration; municipal rulers; administrators; elders
Civil affairs and Civil Government, departments
Clan representation under Meiji government
Clay Effigies, haniwa, from neolithic sites; substituted for human sacrifice at tomb
Clepsyora, Chinese
Clocks
Cloistered monarchs; and set Camera
"Cloud chariot," war tower
Clove, English ship
Cock-fighting
Cocks, Richard, English factor, warns Yedo Court against Spain; apparent cause of edict of 1616; successor of Saris
Code, ryo, of Daiho (701 A.D.) and Yoro (718 A.D.); of 1742; of 1790
Coelho, Gaspard (d. 1590), vice-provincial of Jesuits, ordered (1587) from Japan
Coinage, Wado era (708-715); Nara epoch; of Heian epoch; Chinese; Hideyoshi's time; plan to debase (1673-80); Genroku debased coin; exports of metal from Nagasaki; attempt to restore (1710); again debased; foreign trade
Colours of Court costume, grades; indicating social status
Combs, ancient
Commerce, early; after Daika; Nara epoch; Heian; Muromachi; under Hideyoshi; Portuguese; motive for permission to preach; Dutch; trade rules; commercial spirit in Yedo; in Tokugawa period; exclusion; coinage and European trade
Commercial class
Conception, miraculous
Concubinage; classes at court
Conder, J., on armour
Confiscation of lands as punishment, or as expiation of offence; escheat at Daika; punishment under Tokugawa
Confucianism, Shotoku on; modifying Buddhism; in Tokugawa period; favoured by Ko-Komyo, and Tsunayoshi; Confucianists eligible for civil posts; Yamaga Soko; combined with Shinto; Japanese schools of; hold on educated class; vendetta
Conscription, first (689 A.D.) in Japan; partial abolition of (780, 792)
Constable, High, and lord high constable, in Yoritomo's land reform; city constables
Constitution, of Shotoku (604 A.D.), text and comment; after Restoration (1889)
Constitutionist party
Consular courts
Cooking in ancient Japan; in Muromachi epoch
Cooper, master, of Manhattan
Copper in Japan; use for images of Buddha, exhausts currency; Chinese coins; in 15th century trade, debased Japanese coin; exports of Nagasaki
Coronation Oath of 1867
Cosmogony
Cost of living
Costume, prehistoric; in Inkyo's reign; Chinese and Buddhist influence; Nara epoch; Heian; Kamakura period; laws of Military Houses; Sadanobu's laws
Cotton first planted in Japan (799); cloth, tax; cloth as currency
Council, Administrative, of Man-dokoro
—of Twelve, at camera Court
Councillor, Sangi, establishment of office
Couplet Composing, ula awase; court amusement; at "winding-water fete" and other festivals; mania for; tournaments; in Heian epoch; Kamakura; Tokugawa
Court, costume, colours and kinds; ceremonial; for Imperial power see Crown
Court houses or families, kuge; come into power again at restoration; in Muromachi period; driven to provinces; Ieyasu's laws for; intermarriage with military; college for, established by Ninko; influenced by anti-foreign party; in Restoration; distinction between territorial and court nobles abolished (1871)
Court of justice, hyojo-sho; first, (1631)
Court, Northern and Southern; and see Dynasties
Crasset on Christian persecution of Buddhists
Creation, story of
Cremation, introduced
Crimes in ancient Japan; classified in Daiho code; see Penal Law
Crocodile myth
Crown, property of; shifts in power of; divine right; Ashikaga; in Sengoku period; Nobunaga; Ieyasu's Court Laws; Tokugawa; Chinese classics strengthen; Tsunayoshi; loyalty; American commercial treaty; rescript to shogun; turns against extremists; Restoration of 1867; growth of power; Cabinet dependent on
Crown Prince, in proto-historic period, above the law
Daika or Taikwa "Great Change," 645 A.D.; name of first nengo or year-period; reforms
Daikagu-ji family, afterwards Nan-cho, the Southern Court, descendants of Kameyama; passed over; treatment by Ashikaga
Daikwan, deputy or vice-deputy; tax assessor; judge
Daimyo, "great name," holder of large estate; holdings; Buddhism; 10,000 koku or more; powers
Dai Nihon-shi, "History of Great Japan,"; on military era
Dairies under Daiho laws
Dairo, 5 senior ministers; prime minister
Daiseiden College, or Shoheiko, founded by Tokugawa
Daitoku-ji, Zen temple in Kyoto
Dajo (Daijo) daijin, chancellor, prime minister, 671 A.D.; Privy Council Board; office abolished
Dajo Kwan, Privy Council
Dalny occupied by Japanese
Dance masks
Dancing at funerals; court; music, Korean influence; pantomimic, of monkey Sarume in myth; music and poetry; development in Heian epoch; white posture dance, shirabyoshi; mimetic dance, libretto for, develops into no; no and furyu
Dan-no-ura, defeat of Taira at
Date family of Yonezawa in 16th century wars
—Harumune
—Masamune (1566-1636); surrenders to Hideyoshi; favours Ieyasu; against Uesugi; loyal to Iemitsu
—Yasumune rebels (1413) in Mutsu
Dazai-fu, government station in Mimana (Kara, Korea) transferred to Kyushu
Debt, slavery for, cancellation of interest; legislation (tokusei) of 1297 in favour of military families, and under Ashikaga
Decoration, Interior
Defilement in Shinto code
Degradation in rank
Deluge myth
Demmacho, prison at
Demon's gate, N.E. entrance; guarded by Hieizan, and at Yedo by Toei-zan; belief in demons; dragon-headed devil
Dengaku mime
Dengyo Daishi, posthumous name of Saicho (q.v.)
Dening, W. Life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; on Confucian philosophy
Departments, under Daika; under Daiho
Deputy
De Ryp, Dutch ship, cannonades Kara castle
"Descent" upon Kyushu
Descent, Law of in Daiho legislation
Deshima, island, Dutch factory on
Dewa, Yemishi in; Go-Sannen campaign; (U-shu) part of O-U; 16th century wars; silk growing
De Witte, Serge Julievitch, Count (b. 1849), Russian peace commissioner at Portsmouth
Diana, Russian ship, sent to survey Yezo; Russian protected cruiser at Port Arthur
Dickins, F. V., translation of Taketori Monogatari
Diet, Coronation oath promising; reform leaders differ about; development of; Constitution promulgated; bi-cameral system
Dirges at funerals
District, gun or kori (originally agata), Daika subdivision, smaller than province; classification under Daiho; chief of, guncho; governors, gunshi; district governors and title to uplands; in Meiji administration, cho, or son
Divination
Doctors, national
Doen, Buddhist priest, envoy to China
Dogo, Iyo, thermal spring
Dogs as pets; dog fights; Tsunayoshi's mania for
Doi support Southern Court in Nankai-do
Sanehira (d. 1220), Yoritomo's lieutenant; military governor
Michiharu (d. 1337), defender of Go-Daigo
Toshikatsu (1573-1644), enforces feudal laws
Doin Kinkata (1291-1360), minister of Go-Daigo
Kinsada (1340-99), scholar
Doji, Sanron Buddhist, abbot of Daian-ji
Dojima, in Osaka, rice-exchange
Dojo, exercise halls
Doki (Toki) family favour Takauji; beaten by Saito
Yorito (d. 1342), insults Kogon
Dokyo see Yuge Dokyo
Dolmen in Yamato sepulture; compared with Chinese and Korean; precious metals in
Dominicans, Ayala and other marytrs
Doryo (Tao Lung) Chinese priest, teacher of Fujiwara Tokimune
Dosho, Buddhist priest, introduces cremation
Double entendre
Drafts, game, prehistoric
Dragon, early superstition
Dragon-Fly Island, old name of Japan
Drama; yokyoku, mimetic dance; no; kyogen; time of Tsunayoshi; theatre in Yedo; illustrations
Drums
Dualism of Shinto
Dug-outs, maruki-bune
Duke, kimi; mahito
Dukes of the Presence, early official organization
Dutch, trade in Japan, beginning 1600, Spanish intrigues against; Dutch and English intrigues against Portuguese and Spaniards; aid in reduction of Christian revolt in Shimabara; trade at Nagasaki restricted; Western learning; refuse grant in Yedo; choose Hirado as headquarters; the Brack; at Deshima; literature; in 19th century; teachers of military science; give steamship; at Shimonoseki
Dwarf trees and miniature gardens
Dwelling-Houses, primitive; abandoned on death of owner; general character in Nara epoch; in Heian epoch; Kamakura; Muromachii
Dyeing
Dynasties, War of the (1337-92); table
Ears of enemy as spoil
Earthquake, 416 A.D.; 599 A.D. drives people to appeal to Earthquake Kami; in Kyoto (1185), and (1596); of 1662 charged to Emperor's lack of virtue; of 1703
Eastern Army, Hosokawa Onin War
Eastern Tsin dynasty (317-420) Chinese migration
East India Company
Eben, Buddhist priest
Ebisu, variant of Yemishi
Echigo, barrier settlement (645) against Yemishi; and Matsudaira
—Chuta, suicide
Echizen, paper money in
Education, in ancient Japan; in Nara epoch, in Heian; temple schools; military foundations; at Yedo; in Meiji epoch; see Academies
Egawa Tarozaemon advocates foreign intercourse
Eight Generals of Kwanto
Eigwa Monogatari, "Tales of Splendour," story of the Fujiwara, by Akazome Emon
Eiraku, or Yunglo, Chinese year-period, 1403-22, E. tsuho, Chinese coins
Eisai (1141-1215), priest
Eitai, bridge in Yedo
Ekei (d. 1600), priest, of Aki
Elder Statesmen
Elder, official over five households, under Daika
Elephant, fossil
Elixir, Hsa Fuh's quest
Emishi see Soga Emishi
Emperors, long reigns of early; see also Crown Court, Posthumous Names, Camera government
Empo, period, 1673-80
Empress, Koken first, to receive Crown except in trust
Empress Dowager, Kwo-taiko, title given only to Kwobetsu until Shomu's reign
Encyclopedia Britannica, quoted
Endo Morito see Mongaku
Engaku-ji, temple
Engen, period, 1336-9
Engi, period; revision of Rules and Regulations; overthrow of Sugawara Michizane
English intrigue against Spanish and Portuguese; refuse grant in Yedo; go to Hirado rather than Uraga; early trade; end of trade; fleet expected (1858); Namamugi incident and bombardment of Kagoshima; the Hyogo demonstration; employed in railway, telegraph and navy; treaty of 1894 abolishes consular jurisdiction after 1899; Anglo-Japanese alliance, (text)
Enkyo, period, 1069-74
En no Ubasoku (Shokaku; Gyoja, the anchorite), founder of Yamabushi priests
Enomoto see Yenomoto
Enryaku-ji, Tandai monastery on Hiei-zan; its armed men, yuma-hoshi; jealous of Onjo-ji monks; in Yorimasa conspiracy; in Kyoto conspiracy; quarrel with Takauji; feud with Hongwan-ji; destroyed by Nobunaga; rebuilt; named from year-period
Envoys, Three, in early myth
Enya Takasada (d. 1338), Ko Moronao abducts wife of
Enyu, 64th Emperor (970-84)
Eshi, Yamato no, painters, descendants of Shinki
Esoteric and Exoteric Buddhism
Etchu, province
"Eternal Land"
Ethnologists, Japanese, on origins
Etorop raided by Russians (1806)
Eto Shimpei (1835-74), minister, revolts
Euhemerist interpretation of myths
Exoteric Buddhism
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Eye, obliquity, fold, etc.
Eyebrows shaved
Ezo, Buddhist mission to
Face-painting
Families, uji, rank in prehistoric times; basis of empire before Daika; family qualification for highest Court offices before Heiji tumult; names sold in Yoshimune's time
Famine of 621 A.D., turns people against Buddhism; of 1180-1; of 1462; of 1673-80; of 1783-6; of 1836
Fans; (ill.); lotteries; verses on; trade
Farmers; taxes; representatives
Fenshuiling, Russians defeated at
Fernandez, Joao (d. 1566), Portuguese Jesuit, companion of Xavier
Feudal system, beginnings; Sujin; land-holding; proto-historic; land grants; Daiho laws; 11th century wars; territorial names; Constables and land-stewards; Joei code; war of dynasties; 15th century; Hideyoshi's land system; fiefs (1600); hereditary vassals; laws of 1635 and 1651; under Tokugawa; sankin kotai; taxes; intermarriage with court nobles; government; tozama oppose Yedo; in Restoration; abolition, of
Filial piety
Finance and administration, ancient; in protohistoric tunes; in Nara epoch; in Muromachi epoch; under early Tokugawa; policy of Arai Hakuseki; "accommodation" system of 1786; under Tokugawa; in early Meiji period
Finance or Treasury Department; in 19th century
Financial administrator
Firearms, first use; commissioners
Fish as food
Fishermen, revolt of
Fishing in early times; laws regulating nets in reign of Temmu; keeping cormorants forbidden; equipment
Five Regent Houses, see Go-Sekke
Flesh-eating forbidden; defilement
Flores, Luis, Flemish Dominican, burned (1622)
Flowers, at funerals; festivals; in Heian pastimes; arrangement of; pots
Flutes (ill.)
Fo, dogs of
Folding paletot
Food and drink, ancient; in Nara-epoch; in Kamakura period; Sadanobu's sumptuary laws
Football, prehistoric; in proto-historic period; in Heian epoch
Forced labour
Foreign Affairs, Department of; earliest foreign intercourse; Ashikaga; Muromachi epoch; foreign learning; Tokugawa; military science; Meiji era, 678; foreigners in making new Japan, 686-7; consular jurisdiction abolished; Anglo-Japanese alliance; and see Christianity, and names of countries
Forests of early Japan
Formosa, expedition against (1874); ceded by China (1895)
Fortification, development; feudal castles built only by permission of Tokugawa; coast defence
Fossil remains
Franchise, extension of
Franciscans, Spanish, enter Japan "-as ambassadors"; intrigue against Portuguese Jesuits; punished by Hideyoshi; favoured to offset Jesuit influence
Freemen and bondmen
French in Ryuku (1846); Harris plays off English and French to get his commercial treaty; at Shimonoseki; in work on criminal law and army training; in Manchuria note (1895)
Froez, Luis (d. 1597), Portuguese Jesuit
Fudoki, Local Records
Fuhi, Eight Trigrams of
Fuhito see Fujiwara Fuhito
Fuhkieri, Kublai at
Fuji river, battle on
Fuji, Mt., eruption of, (1707); (ill.)
Fujinami in Ise worship
Fujita Toko (1806-55), adviser of Nariaki
Fujitsuna see Aota Fujitsuna
Fujiwara, in Yamato, capital moved to, by Jito
Fujiwara, Shimbetsu family, influence after 670 A.D.; Imperial consorts; legislation; historiography; Asuka made Empress; oppose Makibi and Gembo; Buddhism; abdication; family tree; choose Emperors; academy of; increase of power; policy of abdication; depose Yozei; oppose Tachibana; plot against Michizane; interregnum; war of Taira and Minamoto; influence on Court; oppose Tamehira; family quarrels; literature; Minamoto, "claws" of; provincial branches; Mutsu; power wanes; Imperial consorts; anti-military; power weakened by Kiyomon; Yoritomo's followers get their estates; conspiracy of 1252; loyal to Throne (1331); Hideyoshi adopted by
—Fuhito, son of Kamatari, Daiho and Yoro codes; builds Buddhist temple; death
—Fujifusa, aids Go-Daigo (1326); retires
—Fusazaki (682-736), son of Fuhito, founds northern family
—Fuyutsugu (775-826); Konin revision of Rules and Regulations; minister founds academy
—Hidehira (1096-1187), son of Motohira; aids Yoshitsune; provincial governor (1182); death
—Hidesato (called Tawara Toda), sides with Taira; founder of provincial branches of Fujiwara
—Hirotsugu (715-741), governor, impeaches Gembo
—Ietaka (1158-1237), poet
—Joye, Buddhist student in China (653-65)
—Kamatari, muraji of Nakatomi, chief Shinto official, plots against Soga Iruka (645); Daika; in China; origin of uji name; Kasuga shrine; (ill.)
—Kaneiye (929-99), rivalry with Kanemichi; plot against Kwazan; regent for Ichijo
—Kanehira (1228-94), founds house of Takatsukasa
—Kanemichi (925-77), father of Enyu's Empress
—Kanezane (1147-1207), son of Tadamichi, minister of the Right; nairan and kwampaku; descendants called Kujo
—Kinsuye (958-1029), son of Morosuke
—Kinto (966-1041) poet, one of Shinagon
—Kiyohira (d. 1126), founds Mutsu branch
—Kiyotada opposes advice of Masashige
—Korechika (974-1010), son of Michitaka
—Korekata induces Nobuyori to join Heiji plot
—Korekimi
—Koretada (942-72), son of Morosuke, regent
—Kunimutsu, avenges his father Suketomo
—Maro (695-736), founder of Kyo-ke branch
—Masatada, governor
—Matate (716-67), second councillor under Koken
—Michiiye (1192-1252), ancestor of Nijo and Ichijo families
—Michikane (955-95), gets Kwazan to become monk; regent
—Michinaga (966-1027), regent, his daughter Empress; power
—Michinori (d. 1159), called Shinzei, Go-Shirakawa's adviser; killed
—Michitaka (953-95), regent
—Momokawa (722-79), privy councillor; favours succession of Shirakabe and Yamabe
—Morokata aids Go-Daigo (1331)
—Moronaga (1137-92), chancellor, banished by Taira Kiyomori
—Morosuke (908-60), minister of Right; sons
—Morotada, 257; accuses Takaaki of treason
—Morozane (1042-1101)
—Motofusa (1144-1230), regent; sides with Go-hirakawa, is banished; his daughter
—Motohira (d. 1157), son and successor of Kiyohira
—Motokata, father of Murakami's consort
—Motomichi (1160-1233), advanced by Taira Kiyomori; kwampaku; ancestor of Konoe
—Motomitsu, founder of Tosa academy of painters
—Mototsune (836-91); sessho under Yozei, first kwampaku (882) under Uda
—Motozane (1143-66), regent
—Muchimaro (680-736), founds the southern (Nanke) family; Buddhist temples
—Nagate (714-71), minister of the Left; favours accession of Konin
—Nagazane, father of one of Toba's consorts
—Nakamaro (710-64), grand councillor
—Nakanari (d. 810), in conspiracy of Kusu
—Narichika (1138-78), in Shishi-ga-tani plot
—Naritoki, father of Sanjo's Empress
—Nobuyori (1133-59), in Heiji tumult
—Norimichi (996-1075), quarrels with Go-Sanjo
—Noritane, compiler of Teiokeizu
—Otsuga (773-843)
—Sadaiye (1162-1241), or Teika, poet and anthologist
—Sadakuni, father-in-law of Daigo
—Sanetaka, minister
—Saneyori (900-70), father of Murakami's consort; regent
—Sari, scribe
—Seigwa, or Seikwa, (1561-1619), Confucianist
—Shinzei see Fujiwara Michinori
—Sukeyo, scholar
—Suketomo (d. 1325). Go-Daigo's minister, exile
—Sumitomo (d. 941) turns pirate
—Tadahira (880-949), regent; revision of Rules and Regulations
—Tadakiyo, commands against Yoritomo
—Tadamichi (1097-1164), regent for Konoe, in Hogen insurrection; saves his father; estates
—Tadazane (1078-1162), father of Toba's consort; in Hogen tumult; saved by his son
—Takaiye (979-1044), repels Toi invaders
—Tameiye (1197-1275)
—Tamemitsu
—Tamesuke
—Tameuji, artist
—Tanetsugu (737-85); Kwammu's minister, assassinated; father of consort of Heijo
—Tokihira (871-909), minister plots against Sugawara Michizane; death
—Tomiko, wife of Ashikaga Yoshimasa
—Toshimoto (d. 1330)
—Toshinari (1114-1204), poet, called Shunzei
—Toyonari (704-65), minister of Koken
—Tsugunawa (727-96); sent against Yemishi
—Tsunemune
—Tsunetaka
—Ujimune, Jokwan revision of Rules and Regulations
—Umakai (694-736), founder of the Shiki-ki branch; against Yemishi (724)
—Uwona (721-83), privy councillor of Koken
—Yasuhira, (d. 1189)
—Yorimichi (992-1074), son, of Michinaga, regent; in succession of Takahito; estates; father of Shirakawa's consort
—Yorinaga (1120-56) in Hogen tumult
—Yoritada (924-89), son of Saneyori, kwampaku
—Yoritsugu (1239-56), shogun (1244)
—Yoritsune (1218-56), head of Minamoto (1219) shogun (1226); resigns (1244); against Hojo and Adachi (1247)
—Yoshifusa (804-72), minister; marries Kiyo; regent for Seiwa, (866); makes Taka Seiwa'a Empress
—Yoshinobu, in Takahito's succession
—Yoshitsugu (716-77), privy councillor under Koken; favours Konin
Fujiwara, wistaria, origin of uji name
Fuki-ayezu, Jimmu's father
Fukuchi-yama, castle
Fukuhara, now Kobe, villa of Taira Kiyomori in; capital (1180)
Fukuri, Chinese saddler
Fukushima Masanori (1561-1624), plot against Ishida
Funabashi Hidekata (1555-1614), scholar
Funada Yoshimasa, officer of Nitta Yoshisada
Funai, in Bungo, Jesuit church and hospital
Funanoe, mount in Hoki
Furniture, house
Furs
Furubito, Prince, son of Jomei, candidate to succeed Kogyoku; death
Furyu, dance
Fusa-Kum-Kazusa
Fusan, Korea, Japanese restricted to, (1572); captured (1592); landing-place for Japanese attack (1904); Kamimura wins battle near
Genji Monogatari "narrative of Minamoto," work of Murasaki Shikibu
Genji or Gen, Chinese pronunciation of Minamoto; divisions of family; epoch of Gen and Hei
Genku see Honen
Genna, period
Genpei (Gempei) Minamoto and Taira; epoch; Genpei Seisuiki, Records of Minamoto and Taira
Genre pictures, Ukiyoe, 600
Genroku, year period, 1688-1703
Gensho, (44th) Empress (715-23); inaugurates lectures (721) on Nihon Shoki
Genso, priest, interpreter to Korean embassy
Gentile names
Geology and fossil remains
Germans employed by Government
Germany joins France and Russia in note on Manchuria (1895); seizes part of Shantung
Gido, scholar, adviser of Yoshimitsu
Gien see Ashikaga Yoshinori
Gifu, Nobunaga's headquarters in Mino
Gijin see Ashikaga Yoshimi
Gion, temple in Kyoto
Glazed pottery
Glynn, J., Commander, U.S.N., in Nagasaki (1847)
Go, game
Go, prefix, "second," with Emperor's name
Goa, Jesuits at
Go-Daigo, 96th Emperor (1318-39); against Hojo; dethroned; escapes from Oki; re-enters Kyoto; his rescripts; after restoration; tricked by Ashikaga Takauji; death; scholarship
Go-Enyu, Northern Emperor (1371-82)
Go-Fukakusa, 89th Emperor (1246-59)
Go-Fushimi, 93d Emperor (1298-1301), son of Fushimi; opposes Go-Daigo
Go-Hanazono, 102nd Emperor (1428-65)
Gohei, paper strips
Go-Horikawa, 86th Emperor (1221-32)
Go-Ichijo, 68th Emperor (1017-36)
Goji-in, temple in Yedo
Go-Kameyama, 99th Emperor (1372-92); abdicates
Go-Kashiwabara, 104th Emperor, (1500-26)
Go-Kogon, Northern Emperor (1352-71)
Go-Komatsu, 100th Emperor (1392-1412), in Northern dynasty (1382-92)
Go-Komyo, 110th Emperor (1643-54)
Gokuki-ji or To-ji, Shingon temple in Kyoto; temple in Yedo
Gokyogoku Yoshitsune, work on landscape gardening
Gold in Japan; discovery in Mutsu, and used in great image of Buddha; exported; coins
Gold lacquer
Golden Pavilion (1397)
Golden Tatars in China
Go-Mizu-no-o, 108th Emperor (1611-29)
Go-Momozono, 118th Emperor (1770-80)
Go-Murakami, 97th Emperor (1339-68); escapes to Kanao; asked to return after Suko's removal; death
Go-Nara, 105th Emperor (1526-57)
Gongen see Tokugawa Ieyasu
Go-Nijo, 94th Emperor (1301-7), son of Go-Uda
Go-Reizei, 70th Emperor (1046-68)
Goro see Tokimune
Go-Saga, 88th Emperor (1243-46)
Go-Saien, 111th Emperor (1654-63)
Go-Sakuramachi, (117th) Empress (1762-70)
Go-Sanjo, 71st Emperor (1069-72), Prince Takahito
Go-Sannen, "After Three-Years War" (1089-91)
Goseibai-shikimoku, criminal laws of Yasutoki
Go-Sekke, "Five Regent Houses"
Gosen-shu, anthology
Go-Shirakawa, 77th Emperor (1156-8); camera government (1158-92); life threatened; confined in palace; sent to Rokuhara; under Yoshinaka's protection; opposes Yoshinaka; calls Yoritomo to Kyoto; sends Yoshitsune to front; relations with Yoritomo; death
Go-Shu jaku, 69th Emperor (1037-45), Prince Atsunaga
Go-Toba, 82nd Emperor (1184-98), refuses to appoint Imperial prince shogun; called "original recluse"; quarrels with Yoshitoki; exiled; Japanese verse
Goto Matabei, defies Ieyasu; defends Osaka castle
—Yujo (1435-1512), metal-worker
Go-Tsuchimikado, 103d Emperor (1465-1500)
Go-Uda, 91st Emperor (1274-87), son of Kameyama
Government, primitive administration; connexion with worship; early finance; reign of Suinin; two-fold classification; uji; feudal and prefectural; under Daika; under Daiho; of Ashikaga; Hideyoshi's scheme; early Tokugawa; Tokugawa Bakufu; centralized after Restoration; local, in Meiji era
Governor-general of 10 provinces, kwanryo; of 4, kubo
Go Yoshihiro, swordsmith
Go-Yozei, 107th Emperor (1586-1611)
Gozu Tenno, "Emperor Ox-head," name of Susanoo
Granaries, Imperial, miyake; in Korea; in reign of Ankan; of Senkwa
Grant, U. S., suggests compromise over Ryukyu
"Great Name Possessor" myth
Great-Producing Kami
Gromovoi, Russian cruiser at Vladivostok
Guards, criticized by Miyoshi Kiyotsura; duties transferred to kebiishi
Guilds, be, 71-2, 94; heads of kumi-gashira, in village rule
Gunkan Kyojujo, naval college at Tsukiji
Gwangyo-ji, temple where Kwazan took tonsure
Gyogi, Korean Buddhist priest, propaganda and reconciliation of Buddhism and Shinto
Gyokushitsu, priest, Emperor gives purple robes to
Hachijoshima, island
Hachiman, War God, at Usa, oracle of; tutelary of Minamoto; shrine of, in Kamakura on Tsurugaoka hill; revenue of temple; patron of pirates; shrine of Iwashimizu; shrine at Atsuta
Hachiman Taro see Minamoto Yoshiiye
Hachioka, temple of
Hachisuka Iemasa (1558-1638)
Hades, myth of
Hae, mother of emperors Kenso and Ninken
Hagiwara Shigehide, chief of Treasury, debases coinage; his report; impeached
Haicheng in fighting of 1894
Hair, racial mark
Hair-dressing and hair-cutting, ancient; dividing the hair (mizura) goes out when official caps come in; tied up in time of Temmu; girl's hair bound up by lover; in Heian epoch; in Kamakura period; in Sadanobu's laws
Hair pins, as insignia; cicada-shaped, marks of grade after Daika
Hai-ryong, Korea
Hakamadare Yasusake, bandit
Hakata, in Chikuzen, defended against Toi; port in Heian epoch; Mongol envoys executed at; China trade; American vessels allowed in port
Hakodate, Americans in
Hakone, tolls, at barrier; guarded by Okubo
Hakozaki Gulf, Chikuzen, Mongol landing at; bay fortified (1280); base of second Mongol invasion
Haku-chi, "White Pheasant," second nengo or year-period (650-4 A.D.)
Hakuseki see Arai Hakuseki
Hall, Consul-General J. C., translation of Joei code; Kemmu code; Laws of Military Houses
Han, Chinese dynasty, later (25-220 A.D.); disorder after fall of
Han, Land of, see Korea
Hanawa Naotsugu in defence of Osaka castle
Hanazono, 95th Emperor (1307-18)
Hand Bay near Kinchou; Russian gunboats in
Hanishi, potters
Haniwa, clay effigies, buried instead of human sacrifices
Haniyasu, half-brother of Sujin, rebels against him
Hansho, 18th Emperor (406-11); loyal brother of Richu
Hara, castle in Shimabara, occupied by Christians, captured
Haranobu see Takeda Shingen
Harbin, Russian railway
Hare in myth
Harem
Harima, province, fortifications in, (1280); transferred from Akamatsu to Yamana (1441)
Harris, Townsend (1803-78), U.S. consul-general, concludes commercial treaty (1857)
Harumoto see Hosokawa Harumoto
Harunari see Hitotsubashi Harunari
Harvest Festival
Hasegawa receive fief of Arima
—Heizo in charge of Ishikawa house of correction
Hashiba see Toyotomi Hideyoshi
—Hidekatsu (1567-93), son of Nobunaga, adopted by Hideyoshi
—Hidenaga (1540-91), brother of Hideyoshi
—Hideyasu, Ogimaru, son of Ieyasu
Hashimoto Sanae favours foreign trade; leader in Imperial movement
—Tsunatsune, Viscount (d. 1909)
Hatahi, sister of Okusaka, marries Ohatsuse
Hatakeyama family, estates; Muromachi kwanryo; one of Five Regent Houses; in Onin disturbance; join Eastern Army (1472); "province holders"
—Kunikiyo (d. 1364), general under Motouji, removed from office of shitsuji
—Masanaga (d. 1493), succeeds Mochikuni; displaced, driven from capital; death
—Mitsuiye (d. 1433) captures Sakai (1400); Yoshimochi's minister
—Mochikuni (1397-1455), called Tokuhon, minister for Ashikaga Yoshimasa; succession
—Shigetada (1164-1205), at Ichi-no-tani; adviser of Yoriiye; assassinated by Hojo Tokimasa
—Yoshinari (d. 1493), large estate, succession; kwanryo
—Yoshitoyo (d. 1499)
Hatano, brothers killed by Nobunaga
Hatsuse, Japanese battleship lost off Port Arthur
Hallo-gaki, Prohibitory Writings, code, (1742)
Hawking
Hayabito or Hayato ("Falcon Men"), palace guard; possibly Kumaso
Hayama Muneyori, punished for cowardice
Hayashi family, function of reading military laws; true Confucianists; education at Yedo
Doshun or Kazan (1583-1657), Confucianist, on bell-inscription; ethics and history; traces descent of Emperor from Chinese prince
Harukatsu, son of Razan, historiographer
Mitsukatsu, soldier of Nobunaga
Nobuatsu, Confucianist; petitions for pardon of "47 Ronins"; lectures at Shohei College
Razan see Hayashi Doshun
Shibei (1754-93) urges coast defense
Head, racial marks
Heaven, Plain of High, myth
"Heavenly Grandchild," tenson
Heavenlv Young Prince
Heguri, beginning of power of; descendants of Takenouchi; founder of family, Tsuku, in Richu's reign; revolt of suppressed
Hei and Heike, Chinese name for Taira; Gen and Hei
Heian epoch, capital at Kyoto, or Heian-jo (Castle of Peace), 794-1192 A.D.
Height as sign of race
Heihachiro see Oshio Heihachiro
Heiji, year period, 1159-60; the tumult of the year; results
Heijo, 51st Emperor (806-9), son of Kwammu
Heikautai, battle of (1905)
Hemp, cultivation of
Herb of longevity
Hereditary office and rank; in Shotoku's 17-Article Constitution; the Daika tries to abolish hereditary office holding
Hi, river, in myth
Hida, messenger in search for Buddhist devotees
Hida
Hida Takumi, architect
Hidehito see Go-Momozono
Hidekatsu see Hashiba Hidekatsu
Hideiye see Ukita Hideiye
Hidenaga see Hashiba Hidenaga
Hidetada branch of Tokugawa, extinct with Ietsugu (1716)
Hidetada see Tokugawa Hidetada
Hidetsugu see Toyotomi Hidetsugu
Hideyasu see Matsudaira Hideyasu
Hideyori see Toyotomi Hideyori
Hideyoshi see Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Hie-no-yama, monastery later called Hiei-zan
Hiei-zan, mountain N.E. of Kyoto, between Yamashiro and Omi, on which was Enryaku-ji monastery; power checked by Yoshinori; and Takauji; in Hokke-ikki; aids Yoshikage against Nobunaga; punished by Nobunaga; monastery rebuilt; abbot invites Vilela to Kyoto
Higami, mother of Shomu, consort of Mommu
Higashi-dera, temple in Kyoto, Takauji's headquarters
Higashiyama, 113th Emperor (1687-1710)
Higashi-yama, hill E. of Kyoto, site of Yoshimasa's palace; name used of craze for objets d'art, and of lacquer
Higuchi Kanemitsu, Yoshinaka's body guard
Hiki Munetomo (d. 1203)
Yoshikazu, in Bakufu council, plots against Hojo and is assassinated
Hikoho no Ninigi, his descent upon Kyushu; rationalization of myth; founder of empire
Hinayana, exoteric Buddhism; the Small Vehicle
Hino family, shikken in Camera palace
Hirado, island, occupied by Mongols (1281); Chinese trade; Xavier in; Portuguese trade; rivalry with Omura; Dutch headquarters, and English; English factory closed (1623)
Hirafu, warden of Koshi, campaigns against Sushen (658-660), and Yemishi (655)
Hiragana, syllabary
Hirai, castle
Hirasaka, now Ifuyo-saka
Hirata Atsutane (1776-1843) on Japanese government; Shinto revival; quoted
Hirate Masahide, tutor of Nobunaga, suicide
Hirohira, son of Murakami, set aside from succession
Hirose, commander, attempts to bottle-up Port Arthur
Hirotada see Tokugawa Hirotada
Hirotsugu see Fujiwara Hirotsugu
Hirozumi see Sumiyoshi Gukei
Hisaakira, Prince (1276-1328), shogun (1289-1308)
Historiography, early; the "Six National Histories" (697-887); compilations of Tokugawa period
Hitachi; Taira in
Fudoki, ancient record (715 A.D.)
Maru, Japanese transport sunk by Russians
Hitomaru see Kakinomoto Hitomaru
Hitotsubashi, branch of Tokugawa eligible to shogunate, named from gate of Yedo; Ienari's descent from
Harunari, father of fenari; reactionary policy; ambition opposed by Sadanobu
Hiyeda Arc (647), chamberlain, historiography
Hiyoshi, Shinto temple
Hizen, Tsuchi-gumo in; Mongol invaders in (1281); natives of, settle in China; fiefs surrendered; clan representation
—Genji, or Matsuura
"Hoe" among early implements; distributed to farmers (723)
Hoei, year-period (1704-10) debased coinage of
Ho-en, year-period (1135-40)
Hogen insurrection (1156; in year-period 1156-8); result
Hohodemi, myth of; name applied to Iware in "Chronicles"
Hojo, family holding office of shikken; power increased by Tokimasa; Hojo regency established; excellent rule; the nine regents; control of shogun; Oshu revolt; Go-Daigo overthrows; suicide of leaders; Go-Daigo's rescript; part of estates seized; rising in 1334; system imitated by the Ashikaga
—of Odawara, fight Satomi in Kwanto; alliance with Takeda; their importance; last eastern enemy of Nobunaga; defeated by Hideyoshi
Hojoki, Annals of a Cell
Hojo Kudaiki, on Kanazawa-bunko library
—Morotoki, regent (1301-11)
—Nagatoki (1230-64), shikken (1256)
—Nakatoki, fails to arrest Go-Daigo (1331); escapes from Rokuhara
—Sadatoki (1270-1311), regent 1284-1301, and in camera to; succession to Fushimi
—Sanetoki founds Kanazawa-bunko
—Soun, or Nagauji (1432-1519), reduces taxes; seizes Izu province
—Takaiye, commander against Go-Daigo
—Takatoki (1303-33), last of Hojo regents, 1311-33; Go-Daigo's quarrel; suicide
—Tokifusa, leader against Kyoto in Shokyu struggle; one of first tandai
—Tokimasa (1138-1215), guardian of Yoritomo; kills lieutenant-governor of Izu; in Awa; in Suruga; messenger to Yoshitsune; governs Kyoto; military regent; constables and stewards; high constable at Court; gives power of Minamoto to Hojo; kills Yoriiye, becomes shikken; exiled
—Tokimasu, death, (1333)
Hojo Tokimori, in southern Rokuhara
—Tokimune (1251-84), son of Tokiyori; regent (1256-84); Mongol invasion; Buddhism, and Buddhist temples; Nichiren
—Tokisada succeeds Tokimasa as high constable at Kyoto (1186)
—Ujimasa (1538-90), against Uesugi; ally of Shingen; defeated by Hideyoshi
—Ujinao, son of Ujimasa
—Ujinori, brother of Ujimasa
—Ujitsuna (1487-1543), conquers Kwanto
—Ujiyasu(1515-70), conquers Kwanto
—Yasutoki (1183-1242) sent against Kyoto at outbreak of Shokyu war; captures the capital; explains treatment of ex-Emperors; one of first tandai; in regency; thrift and generosity; Joei code; death; Buddhist temples
—Yoshitoki (1163-1224), military regent, defeats Wada Yoshimori; in council of Bakufu; in plot against Sanetomo; Go-Toba quarrels with; attitude toward Crown; restored; death
Hokke, Hokke-shu, see Nichiren; Hokke-kyo-sutra, book of Nichiren doctrine; Hokke-ikki, war of the sect on Hongwan-ji
Hokkyo Enzen, bonze, compiles Joei code
Hoko-ji, Buddhist temple in Asuka (587 A.D.); image; inscription on bell
Hoku-cho, Northern court
Hokuriku, Prince
Home Affairs, Department of, in Restoration government
Homestead, 50 houses, under Daika
Homma Saburo assassinates Hojo Suketomo
—Saemon, Hojo soldier
Homuda, life name of Emperor Ojin
Homutang, Russian stand at
Honcho Hennen-roku, or Honcho Tsugan, history
Honda Masanobu (1539-1617) adviser of Ieyasu
—Masazumi (1566-1637); Osaka castle; under Hidetada; punished for secret marriage
—Tadakatsu (1548-1610), Ieyasu's general at Sekigahara
Honen Shonin, or Genku, (1133-1212), preaches Jodo doctrine
Hongi, Original Records of the Free People
Hongo, Yedo, college at
Hongwan-ji, Shin temple in Kyoto; monks in 16th century wars; feud with Enryaku-ji; aid Mori, Takeda and Hojo; divided by Ieyasu
Honno-ji, temple
Hori, general of Ieyasu
Horigoe, Izu, fort
Horikawa, 73rd Emperor (1087-1107)
Horses, cavalry; "horse hunting"; wooden pictures, votive offerings; racing
Horyu-ji, Buddhist temple at Nara (607); ideographic inscription in; dancers' masks and records; statues
Hoshikawa, son of Kara, seizes treasury and plots for throne
Hoshina Masayuki (1609-72), guardian of Ietsuna
Hosho-ji, temple built by Shirakawa; cherry picnics; image
Hosoi Kotaku, calligraphist
Hosokawa, Harima, manor given to Fujiwara Tameiye; family favours Takauji; large estates; Muromachi kwanryo; one of Five Regent Houses; power in 15th century; Yamana family; Eastern army in Onin struggle; crushed by Miyoshi; "province holders"; in Sanuki
—Harumoto (1519-63), son of Sunimoto, in civil war; joined by Kokyo
—Katsumoto(1430-73), kwanryo; estates; feud with the Hatakeyama; quarrels with Yamana, shitsuji; death
—Kiyouji (d. 1362), goes over to Southern Court; defeated
—Masomoto (1466-1507)
—Mitsumoto (1378-1426), minister to Ashikaga Yoshimochi
—Sumimoto (1496-1520), kwanryo, (1507); exiled
—Sumiyuki (d. 1507)
—Tadaoki (1564-1645), discloses plot against Ieyasu; tries to kill Ishida; helps Ieyasu
—Takakuni (d. 1531); driven out by Sumimoto's son; death
—Yoriyuki (1329-92), guardian of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu; administration and death
Hospitals, Jesuit
Hosso, first Buddhist sect in Japan (653); Gembo studies tenets
Hostages, women, "Pillow children"; of feudatories at Yedo
Hosuseri, myth of
Hotta family, Bakufu ministers from
—Masamori (1606-51), minister of Iemitsu, suicide
—Masamutsu (1810-64) aids Townsend Harris
—Masatoshi (1631-84), on succession to shogunate; chief minister; assassinated
Hotto, Buddhist abbots
Household, unit of administration under Daiho
Household Department, under Daika, and Daiho
Hsia Kwei, Kamakura painter
Hsuan-ming calendar revised (1683)
Hsu Fuh, Chinese Taoist, search for elixir of life
Hulbert, History of Korea quoted
Human sacrifice, at funerals, replaced by use of effigies, abolished; in public works
Hun river, Manchuria
Hunting in prehistoric times; keeping dogs or falcons forbidden by Shotoku
Hyakunin-isshu, "Poems of a Hundred Poets"
Hyecha, Buddhist priest, instructor of Prince Shotoku
Hyogo, now Kobe, in Ashikaga revolt; battle; trade with China; English demonstration (1866) against
Hyuga, Kumaso in
Ibaraki-doji, bandit
Ice storage
Ichijo, 66th Emperor (987-1011)
—family, one of "Five Regent Houses"; leave Court for Tosa
—Fuyuyoshi, scholar
—Kaneyoshi (1402-81), regent, adviser of Ashikaga Yoshihisa; author; on religions
Ichiman see Minamoto Ichiman
Ichinei (I Ning, or Nei-issan), Buddhist priest
Ichi-no-tani, near Hyogo, in Settsu, defeat of Taira at
Icho-mura, birthplace of Hideyoshi
Ideographs, Chinese, historical writing; and Japanese language; date of introduction; adapted for syllabic purposes; in early laws
Ieharu see Tokugawa Ieharu
Iehisa see Shimazu Iehisa
Iemitsu see Tokugawa Iemitsu
Iemochi see Tokugawa Iemochi
Ienari see Tokugawa Ienari
Ienobu see Tokugawa Ienobu
Iesada see Tokugawa Iesada
Ieshige see Tokugawa Ieshige
Ietsugu see Tokugawa Ietsugu
Ietsuna see Tokugawa Ietsuna
Ieyasu see Tokugawa Ieyasu
Ieyoshi see Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Iga, Prince, see Otomo
Iharu Atamaro, leader of Yemishi (780)
Ii, adherents of Southern Court; Bakufu ministers from; tamarizume
—Naomasa (1561-1602), general at Sekigahara
—Naosuke, Kamon no Kami (1815-60), advocates foreign intercourse; prime minister at Yedo; Tokugawa Nariaki's opposition to; foreign policy; assassinated
—Naotaka (1590-1659), minister of Iemitsu, 581, and of Ietsuna
Ikeda Isshinsai, friend of Harunari
—Nobuteru (1536-84), councillor after Nobunaga's death; defeated
—Terumasa (1564-1613), in plot against Ishida; favours Ieyasu
Iki, island, in early myth; attacked by Toi, by Mongols; held by Japan
Ikki, "revolt"
Ikko, Shin sect; Ikko-ikki, war of 1488
Ikkyu Zenji (1394-1481), priest of Daitoku-ji
Ikuno, silver mines
Imagawa, family, gives refuge to Ashikaga Yoshimichi; against Hojo; in Suruga and Mikawa; Ieyasu's relations with
—Motome, general under Date Masamune
—Sadayo (Ryoshun), tandai of Kyushu; recalled
—Ujizane (1538-1614), son of Yoshimoto
—Yoshimoto (1519-60) rules Suruga, Totomi and Mikawa; threatens Owari; defeated at Okehazama (1560)
Imai Kanehira, one of Yoshinaka's four body-guards; sacrifices himself for his master
Imibe, corporation or guild of mourners, descent; guard Imperial insignia; abstainers; commissary agents in provinces; in charge of Treasury
Imjin River, Korea
Immigration, shadowed in myths; from Siberia, China, Malaysia and Polynesia; Japanese ethnologists on; of Koreans and Chinese in 3rd & 4th centuries; and later; from Shiragi (608)
Imna see Mimana
Imoko (Ono Imoko), envoy to China (607 A.D.)
Imperial lands
Imprisonment
Imun, Korea, secured by Kudara with Japan's help
Inaba, Princess Yakami of
Masayasu, assassin of Hotta Masatoshi
Inaba-yama, castle of Saito
Inahi, brother of Jimmu
Iname see Soga Iname
Inamura-ga-saki, cliff near Kamakura
Incense fetes
Incest
India, first Japanese visitor to, Takaoka or Shinnyo
Indian architecture, influence of, through Buddhism
Indigo growing in Awa
Industrial class, in Kamakura period
Industry, early Japanese; impulse given by Buddhism in Nara epoch; development in time of Yoshimune; modern manufactures
Infantry, use of
Inheritance, law of, in Daiho legislation; in feudal system of Tokugawa
I Ning see Ichinei
Inishiki, Prince
Inkyo (Ingyo), 19th Emperor (412-53)
In-memoriam services, Shinto
Inokami, consort of Konin
Inokashira lake and Yedo water-supply
Inokuma, general of the Left, executed
Ino Tadayoshi, survey of Northern islands (1800)
Inouye Kaoru, Marquis (b. 1835)
—Tetsujiro, Dr., on Bushi ethics; on Chutsz and Wang Yang-ming
Inquisitors, Bakufu officials at Court after Shokyu war
Insei see Camera government
Insignia, sacred Imperial, mirror, sword, jewel
Inspectors of district officials, after Daika; of provincial government; in temple service
Interest on loans
Interior decoration, Yamato school
"Interior," Granary of
—Ministry of, created by Daika (645)
"Invisible" Kami
Iratsuko, rebel against Yuryaku, famous archer
Iris festival
Iroha-uta, text book
Iron in Korea; foundry at Akunpura
Irrigation, under Sujin; under Nintoku, in 6th and 7th centuries; rice land; in Nara epoch; in Heian epoch; under Yoshimune
Iruka see Soga Iruka
Isa, early carriage-builder
Isawa, headquarters moved from Taga to
Ise, shrine of Sun at; Yamatodake at shrine; swords offered; oracle calls Amaterasu an avatar of Buddha; Watarai shrine; revolt of 1414 in; rebuilding shrines; Oda seize; Mori insults the shrine
Ise Heishi, branch of Taira
Ise Monogatori
—Sadachika (1417-73) page of Yoshimasa; marries Yoshitoshi's sister; influence of
Ishida Katsushige, soldier of Hideyoshi; brings about Hidetsugu's death; ordered to Korea; plot against Ieyasu; takes Osaka; death
Ishide family in charge of Yedo prison
Ishido family favours Tadayoshi
Ishikawa Island, house of correction on
Ishikawa Jinshiro relieves suffering in Kyoto
Ishi-yama, temple
Ishizu, battle, Akiiye defeated (1338) by Ko Moronao
Iso-takeru (Itakeru), son of Susanoo
Isuraka, Korean artist
Itagaki Taisuke, Count (b. 1837); resigns from cabinet and works for parliament; organizes Liberal party; invited into Cabinet
Itakura Katsushige (1542-1624), in bell-inscription plot; in Kyoto
—Shigemune (1587-1656), protests against Go-Komyo's activities
Italians employed by Government in fine arts
Ito Hirobumi, Prince (1841-1909); premier (1885); framer of constitution; head of Liberal party; treaty with China; assassinated
—Jinsai (1627-1705), Confucianist, 626
—Sukechika (d. 1181), guardian of Minamoto Yoritomo; crushes Yoritomo's army
Ito, or Wado, Chinese name for Japanese
Itsukushima-Myojin, Buddhist shrine
Itsutse, brother of Jimmu
Iwa, consort of Nintoku, of Katsuragi family
Iwai (Ihawi) ruler of Kyushu, blocks invasion of Korea (527) but is defeated by Arakaho (528)
Iwaki, son of Kara, contests throne with Seinei
Iwaki-uji, branch of Taira
Iwakura Tomoyoshi, Prince (1825-83), leader of moderate party
Iware, life-time name of Jimmu
Iwasaka, fort in Mikawa
Iwatsuki, in Musashi, fortified
Iyo, province; oldest ideographic inscription (596 A.D.); held by Kono
Izanagi and Izanami, male and female Kami, creators of Japanese islands
Izayoi-nikki, journal of Abutsu-ni
Izu, early ship-building in; Minamoto Tametomo exiled to; Yoritomo in; peaceful under Kamakura rule; seized by Hojo Soun (1491)
Izumi province, rising of 1399 in
—Chikahira revolts against Hojo
—Shikibu, poetess of 11th century
Izumo in early myth; revolt in causes withdrawal of court from Yamato; gems in; conquered by Mori
Jade, "curved-jewel"
Japan, name a Dutch (15th century) perversion of Jihpen; early names
Jenghiz Khan
Jerome, Father
Jesuits in Japan; banished, but stay; order to leave checked by Hideyoshi's death; Ieyasu plays off Franciscans against; denounce Dutch ship as pirate; treated well by Ieyasu
Jesus, Jerome de. (d. 1602), Franciscan, interview with Ieyasu
Jewel, curved, chaplet, one of Imperial insignia
Jih-pen, "Sunrise Island" name used by Chinese
Jimmu, Emperor (660-585 B.C.); chronology dating from accession; ancestry; leader in expedition against Yamato; poem mentioning Yemishi; strategem against Tsuchigumo; successors; tomb
Jingo, Empress (201-69); Chinese and Japanese chronology of reign; succession; excluded from dynasties by Dai Nihon-shi
Jingu-ji, temple built by Fujiwara Muchimaro, 192
Jinno Shotdki, "Emperor's Genealogy" work on divine right by Kitabatake Chikafusa
Jinshin, cyclical name for 672 A.D., civil war
Jisho-ji, monastery in Higashiyama, art-gallery
Jito, (41st) Empress (690-6), wife of Temmu; historiography; Sushen
Jiyu-to, Liberal party organized by Itagaki
Joben, one of "four kings" of poetry
Jocho, wood-carver
Jodo, Buddhist sect introduced (1196) by Honen; creed
Joei, year-period, (1232-3); code of 1232; basis of Kemmu code
Jokaku, sculptor
Jokwan, year-period, revision of Rules and Regulations
Jokyo, year-period (1684-7) trade limitations
Jomei, 34th Emperor (629-41), Tamura
Jo Nagashige, provincial governor, defeated
Jorin, scholar, adviser of Yoshimitsu
Josetsu (end of 14th century), bonze of Shokoku-ji, painter
Joye see Fujiwara Joye
Juko see Shuko
Jun, mother of Michiyasu (Montoku)
Junna, 54th Emperor (824-33)
Junnin, 47th Emperor (758-64)
Juntoku, 84th Emperor (1211-21), son of Go-Toba, abdicates, called Shin-in, "new recluse"; exiled
Juraku-tei, "Mansion of Pleasure"
Juro see Sukenari
Justice, Department of, Gyobu-sho, under Daiha; under Daiho; in Meiji government
Justice, court of
Justices, land grants to
Justo Ukondono see Takayama
Kada Arimaro (1706-69) revises code
—Azumamaro (1668-1736), scholar, restores Japanese literature; quoted
Kaempfer, Engelbert (1651-1716), historian
Kagoshima, in Satsume, landing-place (1549) of St. Francis Xavier; bombarded by English
Kagu, Mt., in sun myth
Kai, peaceful under Kamakura rule; won by Takeda Shingen; "black horse of"
Kaigen, priest in charge of Ashikaga-gakko
Kai-koku Hei-dan, book by Hayashi Shibei, urging coast defense
Kaikwa, 9th Emperor (157-98 B.C.)
Kaizan, priest of Myoshin-ji
Kajiwara Kagetoki (d. 1200), fighting against Yoritomo, sympathizes with him; military governor; in command of fleet quarrels with Yoshitsune; warns Yoritomo against Yoshitsune
Kakinomoto Hitomaru, poet, end of 7th century
Kamada Masaie, companion of Yoshitomo, death
Kamako see Nakatomi Kamako
Kamakura, S. of present Yokohama, Yoritomo's headquarters; military centre for 150 years; shrines built by Yoritomo; school of art; growth of luxury; fall of city (1333); headquarters of Ashikaga family; Takauji removes to Kyoto, keeping Kamakura as secondary basis; Ashikaga driven out, Uesugi come in
—Gongoro, soldier of Three Years' War
—Jidaishi, quoted on parties in Shokyu struggle
Kamatari; see Fujiwara Kamatari
Kamegiku, dancer
Kameyama, 90th Emperor (1259-74)
Kami in Japanese mythology; "creation" of chiefs; used in "Chronicles" of Yemishi chiefs; trinity of; two classes; the Kami class or Shimbetsu; worship of, in early 7th century; uji no Kami elective in Temmu's time; Shinto K., Buddha's avatars
Kamimura, Japanese admiral, crushes Vladivostok squadron
Kamitsuke (now Kotsuke), early dukedom
Kamo, Yamashiro, shrine in
Kamo Chomei, author of Hojoki
—Mabuchi (1697-1769), restores Japanese ethics; quoted
Kana, syllabary
Kana-ga-saki (Kanasaki), in Echizen, taken by Ashikaga
Kanamura, o-muraji, advises cession (512 A.D.) of part of Mimana to Kudara; helps Kudara to get Imun (513 A.D.); puts down revolt of Heguri Matori
Kanaoka see Koze Kanaoka
Kanazawa, fortress, in Three Years' War
Kanazawa, Prof. S., on Korean and Japanese languages
—Akitoki, son of Hojo Sanetoki
—bunko, school founded about 1270 by Hojo Sanetoki
—Sadaaki, son of Akitoki, scholar
Kane see Nakatomi Kane
Kaneakira, Prince (914-87), son of Daigo, poet
Kanenaga, Prince (1326-83), Mongol fugitives
Kanenari, Life-name of Emperor Chukyo
Kanin, princely house; Kokaku chosen from
Kanko-Maru, steamship presented by Dutch government
Kannabi, Mt., sacred rock
Kano school of painting; patronized by Tokugawa
—Masanobu see Masanobu
—Motonobu see Motonobu
Kanshin (687-763), Chinese Buddhist missionary, builds Shodai-ji temple
Kanzaki, port in Heian epoch
Kao, painter of Kamakura school
Kara, Princess, wife of Yuryaku
Kara, Korea; war with Shiragi
Karako, Japanese general, killed in Korea by Oiwa
Karano, 100-ft, ship (274 A.D.)
Karu, Prince, son of Inkyo, suicide
—Prince, brother of Empress Kogyoku, in Kamatari's plot; see Kotoku son of Kusakabe, succeeds to throne; see Mommu
Kasagi, refuge of Go-Daigo
Kasai Motochika (d. 1507)
Kasanui, Shrine of
Kashiwa-bara, palace at
Kasuga, cruiser, sinks Yoshino
—shrine at Nara (767-69) in honour of Fujiwara Kamatari; school of painting
—Tsubone, mistress of Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Katagiri Katsumoto, bugyo of Toyotomi; bronze Buddha; bell-inscription
Katakana, fragments of characters, syllabary
Katana, general, suppresses Yemishi revolt
Katari-be, raconteurs
Kato Kiyomasa (1562-1611), commands second corps in invasion of Korea; sides with Yae at court; in plot against Ishida; studies Chinese classics
—Shirozaemon Kagemasa, potter
—Tadahiro, son of Kiyomasa, banished
—Yoshiaki (1563-1631), plots against Ishida
Katsu, Count (Rintaro), minister of Marine
Katsuiye see Shibata Katsuiye
Katsumi; see Nakatomi Katsumi
Katsumoto see Hosokawa Katsumoto and Katagiri Katsumoto
Katsura, princely house
—Taro, Prince (1849-1913), prime minister (1908-11)
Katsurabara, Prince (786-853), ancestor of Taira
Katsuragi, beginning of power of; descended from Takenouchi; Kara
Katsuragi Mount
Kawabe Nie, in Korea
Kawagoe, in Musashi, fortifications
Kawajiri Shigeyoshi, appointed to Hizen
Kawakatsu kills preacher of caterpillar worship
Kawamura at Mukden
Kawanaka-jima, battlefield
Kaya, moor of, Oshiwa murdered on; port
Kaya-no-in, consort of Toba
Kazuhito, Prince, son of Go-Fushimi; nominally Emperor (Kogon, 1332-35)
Kazuko, daughter of Hidetada, first Tokugawa consort
Kazumasu see Takigawa Kazumasu
Kazusa, revolt of Yemishi in; Yoritomo enters
Kebiishi, executive police (810-29)
Kegon, sect of Buddhists (736 A.D.)
Kehi-no-ura see Tsuruga
Keicho, year-period, 1596-1614, coinage of
Keicha Ajari (1640-1701), scholar
Keiki see Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Keiko, 12th Emperor (71-130); expeditions against Yemishi, against Kumaso, and Tsuchi-gumo in Bungo; tree-worship
Keitai, Emperor (507-31); serpent worship; one province added; nashiro
Keiun, poet
Kemmu era (1334-6), restoration of; crushes military houses and puts court nobles in power; name applied by Northern court to years 1336-8
—Shikimoku, code of 1337
Kencho-ji, Zen temple in Kamakura
Kenju, or Rennyo Shonin, (1415-99), Shin priest
Kenko, daughter of Fujiwara Yorimichi, consort of Shirakawa, mother of Horikawa
Kenko see Yoshida Kenko
Kennin-ji, temple in Kyoto, Kao's studio in; one of the "Five"; priests alone could wear purple
Kennyo (1543-92), priest, intervenes for Sakai; guides Hideyoshi in Kyushu; helps turn Hideyoshi against Christians
Keno no Omi, in Korea
Kenrei-mon-in, Takakura's consort, daughter of Taira Kiyomori; drowned at Dan-no-ura
Kenshin see Uesugi Kenshin
Kenso, 23rd Emperor (485-7), originally called Oke; Yemishi do homage to
Kesa, mistress of Endo Morito (Mongaku)
Keumsyong, capital of Sinra, Korea
Khilkoff, Prince, Russian minister
Khitan Tatars, in China
Ki, family founded by Ki no Tsunu, descendant of Takenouchi; eligible to high office
—Haseo (845-912), famous scholar; plot to send him with Michizane to China; prose
—Hirozumi, leader against Yemishi, killed by them (780)
—Kosami (733-97), general against Yemishi (789), is defeated and degraded; report of the campaign
—Omaro, Japanese general in Korea, 6th century
—Tsurayuki (883-946), prose preface to Kokin-shu; Tosa Nikki
Kibi, old name for Bingo, Bitchu and Bizen provinces; Jimmu's stay in
—no Mabi or Makibi (693-775), Japanese student in China, minister of the Right, inventor of syllabary; opposition to Fujiwara; minister of the Right under Koken; opposes succession of Shirakabe (Konin); as littÉrateur
Kibumi, school of painters (604 A.D.)
Kidomaru, famous bandit
Kido Takamasa or Koin (1834-77), in alliance of Choshu and Satsuma
Kii, mythical land of trees; in Yamato expedition; promontory; armed monks in Komaki war; punished by Hideyoshi (499-500); orange growing; Tokugawa of
Kijima-yama, in Hizen, place for uta-gaki
Kikaku, verse-writer
Kikkawa in battle of Sekigahara
Motoharu (1530-86), son of Mori Motonari; adviser of Mori Terumoto; general
Kikuchi, adherents of Southern Court, in Saikai-do; make trouble in Kyushu; defeated by Otomo
Kimbusen, temple
Kimiko Hidetake in Three Years' War
Kimmei, 29th Emperor (540-71); Yemishi do homage to; intercourse with China
Kinai, five home provinces; rice grants
Kinchou, 2d Army wins battle of (1904)
Kinoshita Junan (1621-98), Confucianist, father of Torasuke
—Torasuke, scholar, at Yedo
—Yaemon, father of Hideyoshi
Kinshudan, "Embroidered Brocade Discourse"
Kira family, masters of ceremonies
—Yoshihide killed by "47 Ronins" (1703)
—Yoshinaka, son of Yoshihide
Kiso river, boundary of Mino, crossed by Nobunaga (1561 and 1564)
Kiso Yoshinaka see Minamoto Yoshinaka
Kitabatake, adherents of Southern Court in Mutsu and Ise; put down by Yoshinori; rule in Ise
—Akiiye (1317-38); raises siege of Kyoto; killed in battle
—Akinobu
—Chikafusa (1293-1354), historian and statesman, assistant governor of O-U; faithful to Go-Daigo; Main leader of Southern army; author of Jinno Shotoki; attempts to unite courts; death; combines Shinto, Buddhism and Confucianism; Shinto revival
—Mitsumase, revolts of
—Morokiyo, piracy
Kitamura Kigin (1618-1705) author
—Sessan, calligraphist
—Shuncho, son of Kigin
Kitano, Shinto officials of; tea fete
Kitashirakawa, Prince, abbot of Kwanei-ji
Kita-yama, Ashika Yoshimitsu's palace at; given to Buddhist priests
Kite, Golden
Kiuliencheng, on Yalu, centre of Kuroki's line
Kiyo, Princess, daughter of Saga
Kiyomaro see Wake Kiyomaro
Kiyomizu, temple
Kiyomori see Taira Kiyomori
Kiyosu, castle in Owari, conference of Nobunaga's vassals
—Naritada, scholar, 447
—Takenori, leader in Nine Years' Commotion, helps crush Abe Sadato (1062); family quarrel cause of Three Years' War
Kiyowara, family eligible to high office
Ko An-mu, Chinese scholar in Japan (516 A.D.)
Ko Moronao (d. 1351), defeats Kitabatake Akiiye at Ishizu; defeats Masatsura; shitsuji in Muromachi; plot against; killed by Uesugi
—Moroyasu (d. 1351); plot against; death
Koban, coin
Kobe, formerly Fukuhara, made capital by Kiyomori (1180); Hyogo, in Ashikaga revolt
Koben see Myoe
Kobo Daishi, posthumous name of Kukai (q.v.)
Kobun, 39th Emperor (672), Prince Otomo (q.v.) succeeds Tenchi; included in Dai Nihon-shi
Koeckebacker, Nicholas, Dutch factor, helps conquer castle of Kara
Koetomi, merchant, envoy to China
Kofuku-ji, Nara temple of Hosso sect; armed men of the monastery; their quarrels and their treatment by Taira; burnt by Taira (1180); revenue of temple
Koga, in Shimosa, seat of Ashikaga after Kamakura; Shigeuji's castle
Kogen, 8th Emperor (214-158 B.C.)
Kogon, Northern Emperor (1332-5), Prince Kazuhito (q.v.), gives commission (1336) to the Ashikaga, and expects restoration to throne; becomes Zen priest
Kogo-shui, ancient record quoted
Kogyoku, (35th) Empress (642-5); abdicates, becomes Empress Dowager; again Empress see Saimei; Asuka palace; worship of silk-worm
Kohayakawa Hideaki (1577-1602), nominally against Ieyasu, but goes over in battle of Sekigahara
—Takakage (1532-96); adviser of Mori Terumoto; general of Hideyoshi; in Korean invasion; signs Hideyoshi's laws of 1595
Koide Hidemasa (1539-1604), guardian of Hideyori
Ko-jiki, Records of Ancient Things; to 628 A.D.; on Chuai; contains the Kuji-hongi; preface
Kojima, adherents of Southern Court
—Takanori, defender of Go-Daigo
Kokaku, 119th Emperor (1780-1816); his rank and his father's
Koken, (46th) Empress (749-58), daughter of Shomu, known in life as Abe; abdicates but dethrones her successor; see Shotoku, son of Kenju
Koki, Record of the Country
Kokin-shu, 10th century anthology; Ki Tsurayuki's prose preface to; comments by Keichu
Koko, 58th Emperor (885-7), Prince Tokiyasu; couplet tournaments
Koku, coin, 438-9; unit of measure
Kokubun-ji, official provincial temples; affiliated with Todai-ji; heavy expense of
Kokuli, Korea
Kokushi, provincial governor; appointed by Throne, first mentioned in 374 A.D.; after Daika (645); over kuni; Buddhist hierarchy
Kokyo, Osaka abbot, leads great revolt (1529)
Koma, Korea, now Pyong-yang; increase of power; attacked by Kudara and Japan; families in Japanese nobility; falls; migration; ruler of Pohai recognized as successor of dynasty of; envoys; Mongol invasion
Koma, suzerain of Aya-uji, assassinates Sashun
Koma-gori, in Musashi, settlement in Japan from Koma
Komaki war (1583), named from Komaki-yama
Komei, 121st Emperor (1846-67)
Komon Mitsukuni
Komura Jutaro, Marquis (1853-1911), minister of foreign affairs, peace commissioner at Portsmouth
Komyo, Imperial name of Asuka, wife of Shomu and mother of Koken; story of miraculous conception
Komyo, Emperor (1336-48) of Northern dynasty, brother of Kogon; abdicates and becomes Zen priest
Kondo, branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto
Kongobo-ji, Shingon temple on Koya-san
Konin, 49th Emperor (770-81), formerly Prince Shirakabe; reforms local administration; festival of his birthday, Tenchosetsu
Konin, year-period (810-24) and revision of Rules and Regulations
Konishi Yukinaga (d. 1600), commands first division in Korean invasion (1592); entrapped by Chinese diplomacy; with last troops in Korea; opposes Kato; against Ieyasu; death
Konno, swordsman
Kono family in Iyo
Konoe, 76th Emperor (1142-55)
Konoe, Imperial guards; origin; name given to Fujiwara Motomichi's descendants, kwampaku alternately with Kujo; one of "Five Regent Houses"
—Prince, leader of moderate party
—Nobuhiro (1593-1643), minister of Right
—Sakihisa (1536-1612), envoy to Shin monks
Korai, or Koma, Korea
Korea, alphabet; architecture; artisans; Buddhism; China, relations with; chronology; language; music; myth; pottery, sepulchral; scholars; treasury, Japanese; early intercourse with Japan; Jingo's conquest; granary; Japanese relations in 540-645; families in Japanese nobility; war between Japan and China for; precious metals; 8th century relations; Mongol invasion; Japanese piracy; Hideyoshi's invasion; Arai Hakusekai's policy toward envoys; break with (1873); treaty (1875); Chinese activity in, 699-700; independence recognized by 1895 treaty; Russian aggression; Japan's interests in, recognized by Treaty of Portsmouth; Japanese occupation and annexation
Korehito, Prince, Emperor Seiwa
Korei, 7th Emperor (290-215 B.C.)
Korekimi see Fujiwara Korekimi
Koretaka, Prince (844-97), Buddhist monk and poet
Koreyasu, Prince, shogun, (1266-89)
Korietz, Russian gunboat at Chemulpo
Koriyama, in Yamato, castle commanding Izumi and Kii
Koromo, tunic, and name of a fort
Koromo-gawa, campaign on, against Yemishi
Kosa, abbot of Ishi-yama monastery
Koshi, Yemishi in
Kotesashi moor, Takauji defeated at
Koto, lute
Kotoku, 36th Emperor (645-54); Yemishi do homage to (646)
Kotsuke, early Kamitsuke, a dukedom; revolt of Yoshinaka in, (1180); won by Kenshin; silk growing in
Koya, reptile Kami of; snow festival of
Koyama, branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto; one of "8 Generals" of Kwanto
Koyane (Ame-no-Koyane) ancestor of Nakatomi
Koya-san, mountain in Kii, temple of Kongobo-ji; threatened after Komaki war; shrine; nobles enter
Koyomaro, warden of Mutsu, killed by Yemisi (724)
Koze (Kose); family descended from Takenouchi
Koze Fumio, scholar; Chinese prose
—Kanaoka (850-90), painter and landscape artist of Kyoto; school,
Kublai Khan and the Mongol invasion
Kubo, governor general of 4 provinces
Kuchiki Mototsuna (1549-1632) at battle of Sekigahara
Kuchinotsu, port, Jesuits invited to
Kudara, Korea, now Seoul; Japanese alliance; weaver from; scribe; relations with Yuryaku; story of Multa; invaded by Koma; secures Imun; gains through friendship of Japan; Buddhism; wars with Shiragi and Koma; crushed by Shiragi and China; migration from
Kudara Kawanari, painter
Kudo Suketsune, killed in vendetta (1193)
Kuga family, eligible for office of highest rank
—Nagamichi, minister under Go-Daigo
Kugeshu-hatto, Ieyasu's law for Court nobles
Kugyo (1201-19), son of Yoriiye, assassinates Sanetomo
Kuhi brings scales and weights from China
Kujihongi, history
Kujo, descendants of Fujiwara Kanezane, chosen Kwampaku alternately with Konoe; one of "Five Regent Houses"
Kukai (posthumously, Kobo Daishi), (774-835) Buddhist priest, called by some inventor of mixed Shinto; founder (809) of Shingon (True Word) system, calligrapher, and inventor of hira-gana syllabary; portrait; shrine (ill.)
Kuma, Southern tribe
Kumagaye Naozane (d. 1208), kills Taira Atsumori
Kumaso, early inhabitants of Kyushu; possibly of Korean origin; may be identical with Hayato; called Wado by Chinese; Keiko's expedition against; Chuai's expedition
Kume, Dr., on Yamato-dake's route of march; on Takenouchi-no-Sukune
—Prince, dies on expedition to Shiragi
—Kami
Kumebe, palace guards
Kunajiri, Russians seized at (1814)
Kuno, castle of, in Totomi
Kurama, temple of, Yoshitsune escapes from
Kurando or Kurodo, Imperial estates bureau, office established; K.-dokoro precursor of kwampaku; held by Minamoto Yorimasa
Kurayamada, conspirator against Soga; suicide
Kuriles, Russians in; Japanese title recognized
Kuriyama Gen, contributor to Dai Nihon-shi
Kuro, lady of Takenouchi family
Kuroda Nagamasa (1568-1623) soldier of Hideyoshi; against Ishida; favours Ieyasu; studies Chinese classics
Kurodo see Kurando
Kuroki, Ibei, Count (b.1844), commands on Yalu; defeats Russians; head of 1st Army; attempts to turn Russian flank; at Mukden
Kuromaro see Takamuku Kuromaro
Kuropatkin, Alexei Nikolaievitch (b.1848), Russian commander-in-chief in Manchuria; plans before and after Liaoyang; succeeded by Linievitch
Kusaka, defeat of Jimmu at
Kusakabe, Prince, (d. 690) son of Temmu and Jito
Kusano support Southern Court
Kusu (Kusuriko), daughter of Fujiwara Tanetsugu, consort of Heijo
Kusu, wife of Oto, kills him
Kusunoki, adherents of Southern Court
—Jiro, in attack on palace (1443)
—Masahide rebels in 1428
—Masanori (d. 1390) minister; joins Northern party, returns to Southern
—Masashige (1294-1336), called Nanko, defender of Go-Daigo; provincial governor; against Ashikaga; death, (ill.)
—Masatoki, death
—Masatomo defeats Nobunaga in Ise
—Masatsura (132648), son of Masashige; receives Go-Daigo in Yoshimo; campaign in Settsu
Kuwana, castle of Takigawa Kazumasu, in Ise
Kuzuno, Prince, son of Kobun, sacrifices his claim to throne (696)
Kuzuo, in Shinano, castle
Kivaifu-so, anthology of poems (751)
Kwaikei, sculptor
Kwammu, 50th Emperor (782-805), formerly Yamabe; changes capital to Kyoto (792); posthumous names first used; sends Saicho to study Chinese Buddhism
Kwampaku, regent for grown Emperor, mayor of palace, office established (882); decline of power under Go-Sanjo; foreshadowed by Kurando-dokoro; chosen alternately from Kujo and Konoe; office abolished after Kemmu restoration; unimportant after Tokugawa period
Kwampei era (889-97), Counsels of, Uda's letter to Daigo
Kwanki, period, (1229-32), crop failure and famine
Kwanko see Sugawara Michizane
Kwanno Chokuyo establishes school in Yedo
Kwannon, Mercy, Buddhist goddess; Shirakawa's temple; temple at Kamakura
Kwanryo, governor general; list of Kamakura k.; title passes from Ashikaga to Uesugi family; also given (1367) to shitsuji in shogun's court, and held by Shiba, Hosokawa and Hatakeyama families; compared with shikken and betto
Kwansei, year-period, 1789-1800, vagabonds in Yedo during
Kwanto, or Bando, many shell-heaps in; army raised in, against Yemishi; Taira and Minamoto fight in; Minamoto supreme in; Ashikaya supreme; Eight Generals of, combine against Uesugi; battle-ground; war between branches of Uesugi and Hojo and Satomi; in Battle Period
Kwazan, 65th Emperor (985-6)
Kwobetsu, families of chieftains of the conquest, Imperial class; pre-historic administration; classification in Seishwoku; revolt; rank of Empress
Kyoho, year-period, (1716-35); K.-kin, coins then minted
Kyong-sang, Korea
Kyoriku, verse-writer
Kyoroku, year-period, (1528-31)
Kyoto, capital 794 A.D.; two cities and two markets; capital momentarily moved to Fukuhafa (1180); evacuated by Taira (1183); school of art; culture; Go-Daigo's conspiracy; in war of dynasties; Takauji removes to; ravaged; Nobunaga restores order; under Hideyoshi; Portuguese; Xavier; Jesuits; Vilela; Franciscan church; patent to missionaries; shogun's deputy in; Ieyasu; Iemitsu's demonstration against; Court excluded from power; vendetta illegal in; great fire (1788); rebuilding; government; loyalist intrigues in: extremists driven from; foreign ministers invited to
Kyuka, priest
Kyushu, early myth; expedition against Yamato; situation; Kingdom called Wo by Chinese; government station; Keiko's expedition against Kumaso; granary; trade; Mongol invasion; revolt of 1349; taken from Ashikaga; disorder; piracy; great families; Hideyoshi's invasion; early European intercourse; Christians
Lacquer, trees, planting of, required for tenure of uplands; development of art in Nara epoch; in Heian; ware exported; manufacture in time of Yoshimasa; (ill.)
Ladies-in-waiting, uneme, at early court; dancers; Yoshimune's reforms
Land and land-holding, pre-historic; royal fees; taxation; Daika reform; all land Crown property; 6-year lease; sustenance grants lead to feudalism; Daiho laws; reclaimed uplands; centralized holdings, 8th century; grants for reclamation; maximum holdings; abuses in system; large estates; Go-Sanjo's reforms; territorial name; constables and stewards; Shokyu tumult; new distribution; Joei laws; Go-Daigo's grants; estates under Ashikaga; military holdings; tax; Crown lands pass to military houses; Hideyoshi's laws; taxes
Landscape-gardening, in the Heian epoch; in Kamakura period; patronized by Yoshimasa, in Muromachi epoch; at Momoyama
Land steward, jito, and chief steward, so-jito, in Yorikomo's reform of land; shimpo-jito, land holders and stewards after the Shokyu war
Language; in Heian epoch; difficulties for preaching
Lanterns, (ill.)
La PÉrouse, Strait of, claimed as Russian boundary
Law, in time of Ojin; criminal, protohistoric period; of Daiho; code of 1232 A.D.; Kemmu code; Hideyoshi's legislation; Laws of Military Houses; Laws for Court Nobles; of Iemitsu and Ietsuna; real code; in Tokugawa period; codified after Restoration; Department, in Meiji administration
Leech, first offspring of Izanagi and Izanami
Left Minister of, Sa-daijin, office created by Daika
Legs, length, as racial mark
LÉse MajestÉ under Daiho code
Liao River, Russians forced into valley of
Liaotung peninsula, Chinese forces in, (1592), defeated by Japanese; fighting in 1894 in; Russian lease of
Liaoyang, battle of
Liberal party, Jiyu-to organized (1878) by Itagaki; unites with Progressists and forms Constitutionist party
Library of Kanazawa-biwko; of Shohei-ko; of Momijiyama Bunko; and Shinto
Liefde, Dutch ship
Li Hung-chang (1823-1901), Chinese plenipotentiary for peace of 1895
Li Lungmin, artist
Linievitch, Nikolai Petrovitch (b.1834), Russian general, succeeds Kuropatkin in command, defeated at Mukden
Literature, in Nara epoch; in Heian epoch; in Tenryaku era, 261; in Kamakura epoch; in Muromachi period; under Hideyoshi; place of, in Military Houses' Laws; in Court Laws; Ieyasu's attitude; Tsunayoshi encourages Japanese and Chinese; favoured by Yoshimune; Japanese, restoration of; foreign; Chinese
Liu-Jen-kuei, Chinese general, defeats Japanese in Korea (662 A.D.)
Lloyd, Rev. A., on Buddhism, Tendai, Hosso; and Shinto
Longevity, herb of
Longford's Korea cited
Loochoo see Ryukyu Islands
Lotteries
Lotus festival
Loyalty, in early times; in Heian epoch; in Tokugawa period
Lute, of Susanoo; the koto, made from the ship Karano; biya, 4-stringed Chinese lute
Mabuchi see Kamo Mabuchi
Macao, trade with; Jesuits there; annual vessel from; embassy of 1640 from
Machado, Joao Baptista de (1581-1617), Jesuit, executed
Machi-ya, shop
Madre de Dios, Pessoa's ship
Maeda Gen-i or Munehisa (1539-1602), guardian of Oda Nobutada's son Samboshi; in charge of Kyoto Buddha
—Toshiiye (1538-99), fails to help Shibata Katsuiye; commands armies in Komaki war, and against Hojo; one of 6 senior ministers; attempt to make break between Ieyasu and; death
—Toshinaga (1562-1614), son of Toshiiye, favours Ieyasu; simulates madness
Magic and incantations, of Buddhist abbot Raigo; general belief in
Mahayana, Great Vehicle, esoteric Buddhism
Mahitotsu, metal worker
Makaroff, Stephan Osipovitch (1848-1904), Russian admiral drowned with Petropavlovsk
Maketsu, Chinese or Korean spinning woman, immigrant to Japan
Maki, wife of Hojo Tokimasa, favours her son-in-law, Minamoto Tomomasa
Makibi see Kibi no Mabi
Makura Soshi, book by Sei Shonagon
Mallets and "mallet-headed" swords
Mamiya Rinzo (1781-1845) discovers (1826) that Saghalien is not part of continent
Mamta, Prince, in charge of Record of Uji
Manabe Norifusa, minister under Ienobu, and Ietsugu; removed from Treasury by Yoshimune
Manchu-Korean subdivision of Asiatic yellow race
Manchuria, in colonization from northern China; part ceded to Japan by treaty of 1895, but not occupied after Russian, German and French note; Russian designs upon; Russia's failure to evacuate, and negotiations over "open door"; Russo-Japanese war; evacuation of, provided for by treaty of Portsmouth; Japanese position in
Man-dokoro, administration bureau, one of three sections of Bakufu, formerly called kumon-jo; in administration of Kyoto after Shokyu war; in Muromachi administration
Maneko, atae of Iki, suicide
Man-en, year-period, 1860, coinage of
Manhattan, American ship, enters Uraga
Mannen tsuho, coin
Manners and customs, remote; in time of Yuryaku; in Muromachi period
Manors, large estates, shoen; attempts to regulate; koden, tax free, granted to Taira after Heiji tumult; Yoritomo's memorial on; abuses of, remedied by appointment of constables and land stewards; distribution after restoration of Kemmu; gifts of Takauji
Manumission of slaves
Manyo-shu, "Myriad Leaves" first Japanese anthology; compared with Kokinshu; on character of soldier; comments on, by Keichu
Map, official, begun under Hideyoshi
Market Commissioners, after Daika
Markets, ichi, in early Japan; in Nara epoch
Marquis, asomi, title established by Temmu
Marriage in early Japan; and the festival of utakai; none recognized among slaves by Daika; in Nara and earlier epochs; in laws of Military Houses; between military and court families; child marriage
Marubashi Chuya, leader in revolt of 1651
Masa, daughter of Hojo Tokimasa, mistress of Minamoto Yoritomo; mother of Yoriiye and the power, with Tokimasa, in his administration; saves Sanetomo; plea to generals of Bakufu; death (1225)
Masakado see Taira Masakado
Masanobu (1453-90), painter
Masanori see Kusunoki Masanori
Masashige see Kusunoki Masashige
Masatomo see Ashikaga Masatomo
Masatoshi see Hotta Masatoshi
Masayasu see Inaba Masayasu
Masks for dances, sculptured; no masks
Masses, Buddhist
Masuda Nagamori (1545-1615), one of 5 administrators, plots with Ishida against Ieyasu; enters monastery after Sekigahara
Masukagami, history of 1184-1333, on literature
Mats, tatami, floor-coverings; tatsu-gomo
Matsubara, Pine Plain
Matsudaira, origin of family; of Aizu, etc.
—Hideyasu (1574-1607), son of Ieyasu
—Masatsuna (1567-1648), Tokugawa agent in Kyoto
—Mitsunaga (1615-1717), punished by shogun
—Motoyasu see Tokugawa Ieyasu
—Nobutsuna (1596-1662), minister of Iemitsu, and of Ietsuna
—Norimura, minister of Yoshimune, drafts code (1742); succession to Yoshimune
—Sadanobu (1758-1829), revises code; minister under Ienari; sumptuary laws; educational reforms; retires; matter of rebuilding palace; rank of Tsunehito and Hitotsubashi Harunari; revises rules of procedure
—Tadanao, punished by Tokugawa in 1623
—Tadatem (1593-1683), daimyo of Echigu; removed
—Yoshinaga, baron of Echizen, advocates foreign trade; importance in new Japan
Matsukura Shigemasa (1574-1630), persecutes Christians, urges conquest of Philippines
Matsumae, ruling Northern islands, clash with Russians
Matsuriaga Hisahide (1510-77), kills Norinaga and the shogun Yoshiteru; ally of Shingen
Matsuo Basho (1644-94), verse writer
Matsushita Yukitsuna, soldier under whom Hideyoshi served
Matsuura, in Hizen, Toi attack unsuccessfully; branch of Minamoto; support Southern Court; attitude toward Xavier
Mayor of the palace, kwampaku
Ma Yuan, painter
Mayuwa kills Anko
Measures, early; standard (senshi-mashu) of Go-Sanjo; in Hideyoshi's laws
Medicine
Medicine-hunting, early court amusement
Meiji, "Enlightened Government" year-period 1868-1912; posthumous name of Mutsuhito
Meitoku, year-period, 1390-3, and the rising of 1391
Men, ideographic Japanese used by
Menju Shosuke, impersonates Shibata Katsuiye and saves him
Mercy, goddess, Kwannon
Merit lands, Koden, granted for public services
Mexico, Spanish ships from
Michelborne, Sir Edward, on Japanese sailors (1604 or '5)
Michi no Omi, ancestor of Otomo
Michinaga see Fujiwara Michinaga
Michiyasu, Prince; Emperor Montoku (q.v.)
Michizane see Sugawara Michizane
Mikado, origin of title; name appropriated for residence of Soga Emishi
Mikata-ga-hara, war of, (1572-3)
Mikawa, province, Oda defeat Imagawa in; fighting in Komaki war
Mikena, brother of Jimmu
Military Affairs, in ancient Japan; first conscription (689 A.D.); organization under Daiho; during Nara epoch; improvement in organization in 12th century; development of tactics; foreign military science; conscription laws and samurai; new army justified by Satsuma rebellion; modern army organization
Military Art of Bushi
—class, shi; in Kamakura period
—code, Gumbo-ryo, of Daiho laws
—dues, Buke-yaku
—ethics, and Primer of Yamaga Soko
Military houses, buke, rise in 8th century; 10th; 11th; power increased by Hogen and Heiji insurrections; Minamoto ideals; finances; crushed by Kemmu restoration; Northern Court follows system of; in Ashikaga times; Onin disorder; Muromachi period; land holdings; power in Tokugawa period; Laws of; intermarry with Court nobles; weakness
Militia, kondei, in 8th century
Milk
Milky Way in myth
Millet as substitute for rice
Mimaki, life-time name of Emperor Sujin
Mimana (Imna), Japanese name for Kara, Korea; Japanese influence there; Tasa leads revolt in; part ceded to Kudara; Keno in; pretended expedition against; Shiragi overpowers; Japan intervenes in war between Shiragi and; Shiragi invades (622); families from, in 9th century nobility
Mimasaka, province, given to Yamana family (1441)
Mimashi, Korean teacher of music (612 A.D.)
Mime, Dengaku
Mimoro, Prince
Mimoro, Mt., in early myth; Kami of, a serpent
Minamoto, princely family; Fujiwara take wives from; generals of Imperial guards; called Gen and Gen-ji; academy; manors and troops; win Taira estates; quarrel with Taira; revolt against Fujiwara; literature; military power in provinces, especially Kwanto; "claws" of Fujiwara; provincial branches; war with Taira; power taken by Hojo
—Hikaru (845-913), son of Nimmyo, accuses Sugawara Michizane; death
—Hiromasa (918-80), musician
—Ichiman (1200-3), candidate for shogun, killed
—Kanetsuna, in Yorimasa conspiracy
—Kugyo see Kugyo
—Mitsukune, erects monument to Kusunoki Masashige
—Mitsumasa, founder of Suruga Genji
Minamoto Mitsunaka (912-97), reveals conspiracy against Fujiwara (967); his influence; founder of Shinano Genji; the two swords
—Nakaakira, killed with Sanetomo by Sugyo
—Narinobu, poet
—Noriyori (1156-93), sent against Yoshinaka; at Ichino-tani; commands force (1184-5); blocks Taira from withdrawing into Kyushu; assassinated
—Sanetonio (1192-1219), rival of Ichiman; blocks Hojo designs; attempt to assassinate him; death; patron of Fujiwara Tameiye
—Senju-maru (1201-14), revolt, execution
—Shigenari, pretends to be Yoshitomo
—Shitago (911-83), littÉrateur
—Tadaaki, in capture of Rokuhara
—Tametomo (1139-70), great warrior of Hogen tumult; exiled to Izu; advice not followed
—Tameyoshi, in Hogen, tumult
—Tomomasa, Maki's candidate for shogun, killed
—Toru (822-95), minister of the Left under Uda
—Toshikata (959-1027), poet, one of Shi-nagon
—Tsunemoto (894-961), Prince Rokusoh, founder of Seiwa Genji; in beginning of hostilities with Taira
—Wataru, husband of Kesa
—Yorichika (d. 1117), ancestor of Suruga Genji
—Yoriiye (1182-1204), succeeds (1199) as lord high constable and chief landsteward; as shogun (1202); killed by Tokimasa
—Yorimasa (1106-80), sides with Taira, killed
—Yorimitsu (944-1021), soldier; aids Michinaga; at Court
—Yorinobu (968-1048); governor of Xai, drives back Taira Tadatsune; helps Michinaga
—Yoritomo (1147-99), son of Yoshitomo; escapes after Heiji war; war of 1180; army crushed; gains; quarrels with Yoshinaka; called to Kyoto; sent against Yoshinaka; relations with Yoshitsune; Bakufu independent of Court; memorial on manors; becomes sei-i tai-shogun; death and character; patron of Saigyo Hoshi; system imitated by Takauji
—Yoriyoshi (995-1048); in Nine Years' Commotion
—Yoshichika (d. 1117) rebellion put down by Taira Masamori
—Yoshihira, son of Yoshitomo
—Yoshiiye (1041-1108); great archer; called Hachiman Taro, in Nine Year's Commotion and Three Year's war; helps put down disorder of Enryaku-ji monks
—Yoshikata
—Yoshimitsu (10567-1127), founder of Tada Genji; in Three Years' War
—(Kiso) Yoshinaka (1154-84), revolts in Shinano-Kotsuke; quarrels with Yoritomo; defeats Taira at Tonami-yama; Go-Shirakawa joins; tries to get crown for Hokurika; death
—Yoshitaka marries Yoritomo's daughter; death
—Yoshitomo, supports Go-Shirakawa in Hogen tumult; joins in plot of Heiji; advice overruled by Nobuyori, killed; his sons; loses great land holdings
—Yoshitsuna (d.1134), brother of Yoshiiye
—Yoshitsune (1159-89), son of Yoshitomo, escapes after Heiji tumult; joins Yoritomo; sent against Yoshinaka; at Ichi-no-tani; wins battle of Yashima; relations to Yoritomo; attempted assassination; protected by Fujiwara Hidehira, suicide
—Yukiiye (d. 1186); repeatedly defeated; joins Yoskinaka; Yoshinaka disapproves his choice to be governor of Bizen; summary criticism of him; turns to Yoshitsune, death
Ming, Chinese Emperor, mission for Buddhist Sutras; dynasty, its fall
Mining, Ieyasu's efforts (1609) to develop
Ministers, system of three, under Daika; members of Privy Council Board under Daiho; Hideyoshi's system; council of, separated from shogun; senior and junior ministers
Mino, province, Oda defeat Saito in
Miroku (Sanskrit Martreya), stone image of, brought to Japan (584 A.D.)
Mirror, in myth of Sun-Goddess; one of Imperial insignia; bronze, in sepulchral remains
Mishchenko, Russian general, leads cavalry raid after fall of Port Arthur
Misumi, adherents of Southern Court, in Sanin-do
Mita, Korean architect
Mitigations (roku-gi) of penalty of Daiho code for rank, position and public service
Mito, Tokugawa of
Mitoshi, a Kami
Mitsubishi Company, first private dockyard
Mitsuhide see Akechi Mitsuhide
Mitsukuni see Tokugawa Mitsukuni
Mitsunobu (Tosa no M.), painter, founder of Tosa school of painting
Miura branch of Taira; plot against Hojo
Mitsuinura (d. 1247), suicide
—Yasumara (1204-47), in war with Hojo
—Yoshiaki
—Yoshizumi (1127-1200), in Bakufu
Miwa Sako, commander of palace guards
Miyake Atsuaki, contributor to Dai Nilon-shi
Miyoshi, scholars in Ashikaga administration; lecturers; in civil war of 1520-50; crush Hoshokawa; in Awa; attempt to take Kyoto
—Kiyotsura (847-918); memorial (914), on writing; Chinese scholar
—Masanaga, inheritance
—Miyoshi Motonaga
—Nagateru (d. 1520), guardian of Hosokawa Sumimoto and Takakuni; death
—Norinaga, called Chokei (1523-64), in civil war
—Yasunobu (1140-1221), son of Yoritomo's nurse; ancestor of Ota and Machino uji; in Bakufu council; advice at beginning of Shokyu struggle; death
—Yasutsura, with Hojo Yasutoki plans Joei code
—Yoshitsugu (d.1573), revolts in Settsu
Mizugaki, Sujin's court at
Mizuha, life time name of Emperor Hansho
Mizuno, governor of Nagasaki, persecutes Christians
—Echizen no Kami, prime minister of Ieyoshi, sumptuary laws and efforts at reform (1826)
Mochifusa see Uesugi Mochifusa
Mochihito, Prince, (1150-80), Yorimasa conspiracy
Mogami of Yamagata
—Yoshiakira (1546-1614), one of Ieyasu's generals
Moho, variant name of Sushen or Toi
Momijiyama Bunko, Tokugawa library at Yedo
Mommu, 42nd Emperor (697-707), Prince Karu, accession; succession and plan to move capital
Momokawa see Fujiwara Momokawa
Momonoi family favours Tadayoshi
Momo-yama, "Peach Hill," in Fushimi, Hideyoshi's palace; last epoch of Ashikaga shogunate; palace destroyed (1596); Ieyasu's castle taken (1600)
Momozono, 116th Emperor (1735-62)
Mon, coin
Mongaku, priest, originally Endo Morito, aids Yoritomo
Mongol, subdivision of yellow race; fold of eye; invasion
Monju-dokoro, Bakufu department of justice; in administration of Kyoto after Shokyu war; power passes to Hyojoshu; in Muromachi administration
Monkey, worship of; female divinity
Mononobe, palace guard; uji of Kwami class, important especially in Yuryaku's reign; oppose Buddhism
Moriya, o-muraji, killed by Soga; their rivalry; opposes Buddhism; supports Anahobe; final contest with Soga; property
—Okoshi, o-muraji; opposes Buddhism
Montoku, Emperor (851-58), chronicle of reign
Montoku Jitsuroku, National History
Monto-shu, Shin sect
Moon, Kami of
Moonlight festivals
Mori Arinori, Viscount (1847-89), minister of public instruction, assassinated
Mori family, rapid rise in power; Ashikaga Yoshiaki turns to
—Hidemoto (1579-1650), in Ishida's army
—Motonari (1497-1571), wins power of Ouchi
—Motonori (1839-96), of Choshu, leader of extremists, expelled from Kyoto
—Nagayoshi (1558-84), general of Hideyoshi
—Rammaru, lieutenant of Nobunaga
—Terumoto (1553-1625) loses central Japan to Hideyoshi; Akechi Mitsuhide joins; peace with Hideyoshi; senior minister; signs Hideyoshi's laws; favours Ishida, leads his army; loses estates
Morihito, Emperor Nijo
Morikuni, Prince (1301-33), shogun, (1308-33)
Morimasa see Sakuma Morimasa
Morinaga, Prince, (1308-35), called Oto no Miya, son of Go-Daigo, and his defender; commander-in-chief; death
Moriya see Mononobe Moriya
Morosada, Prince, see Kwazan
Moroya, chief of Otomo, o-muraji
Morrison, American ship in Yedo, 1837
Mother-of-pearl and lacquer
"Mother's Land," Shiragi, Korea
Motien Mountains, Russian campaign planned in
Motonobu (1476-1559), painter, Kano school
Motoori Norinaga (1730-1801), Shinto revival; quoted; on Shinto dualism
Mourning colour, white, earlier, black; customs; periods of, varying with rank
Moxa, medicinal herb, touch of, defilement
Mu Hsi, painter
Mukden, Russian railway through; battle of (1905)
Muko, Fukuhara harbour
Mukuhara, Buddhist temple at
Mulberry, early culture; used with hemp to make cloth; order for cultivation (472 A.D.); planting of, condition of tenure of upland
Multa, King of Kudara, stories of his cruelty told of Emperor Muretsu
Munemara, chief of trade
Munetada see Tokugawa Munetada
Munetaka, Prince (1242-74), shogun in 1252-66
Munetake see Tokugawa Munetake
Munro, N. G., on Japanese archaeology; imibe; rice-chewers; coins
Muraji, "chief," title; applied to pre-conquest (Shimbetsu) rulers; o-muraji, head of o-uji; inferior title in Temmu's peerage
Murakami, 62nd Emperor (947-67)
Murakami Genji, branch of Minamoto
—Yoshihiro, of Iyo province, pirate chief
—Yoshikiyo (1501-73), driven from Kuzuo by Takeda Shingen
—Yoshiteru impersonates Morinaga
Murasaki Shikibu (d. 992), writer of Genji Monogatari
Muravieff, Nikolai Nikolaievich (d. 1881), Russian commander in Far East, claims (1858) Saghalien
Murdoch, J., quoted on Tadatsune's ravages of Kwanto; on Heian epoch; weakening of Fujiwara power; Bushi of Kwanto; Joei code; downfall of Bakufu; feudalism in war of dynasties; literati in Ashikaga administration; Kamakura rule in Kai, Izu and Mutsu; revolt of 1443
Muretsu (Buretsu), 25th Emperor (499-506)
Muro Nawokiyo, or Kyuso, (1658-1734). Confucianist, historian of "47 Ronins"; adviser to shogun
Muromachi, part of Kyoto, administrative headquarters of Ashikaga; Ashikaga shoguns at
Musashi, immigrants from Koma settle in; war of Taira and Minamoto in; Hojo and Uesugi in
Mushroom picking
Music, Korean and Buddhist; and poetry; in Heian society; joruri
Muso Kokushi, "National Teacher," or Soseki (1271-1346), scholar; head of Tenryuji
Muto, branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto
—Sukeyori, founder of Shoni family
Mutsu, 5 provinces, in Nara epoch, N. E. and N. littoral; the Nine Years' Commotion (1056-64) in; Three Years' War (1089-1091) in; (O-shu) part of 0-U, 388; peaceful under Kamakura rule; revolt of 1413 in; in 16th century wars; silk growing; famine of 1783-6 in
—branch of Fujiwara, descendants of Fujiwara Kiyohira; give Yoshitsune asylum; crushed by Yoritomo (1189)
Mutsuhito, (posthumous name, Meiji), 122nd Emperor (1867-1912); seal
Myochin Nobuiye, metalworker and armourer
Myocho, Zen priest
Myoe (or Koben), bonze, quotation from his biography on Yasutoki
Myogaku-ji, temple
Myong see Song Wang Myong
Myoo, priest
Myoshin-ji, Zen temple, W. of Kyoto
Myosho, (109th) Empress (1629-43), Princess Oki, daughter of Go-mizu-no-o and Tokugawa consort
Mythology; rationalistic explanation of, by Japanese
Nabeshima Naoshige (1537-1619), invasion of Korea
Nagahama, Omi, headquarters of Hideyoshi
Nagakude, battle of
Nagamasa see Asai Nagatnasa and Asano Nagamasa
Nagamori see Masuda Nagamori
Nagao Kagetora see Uesugi Kenshin
Nagaoka, Yamashiro, capital
—uji, of princely descent
Nagasaki, port; church, trade, growth; Jesuit church seized by Francisans; missionaries receive patent; Martyrs' Mount; execution of De l'Assumption and Machado; "Great Martyrdom"; trade; Pessoa at; Dutch and English confined to; Dutch factory; Russians come to (1804); Glynn and the Preble; Americans allowed to trade; military college at
—Enki, guardian of Hojo Takatoki
—Takashige, suicide, 386
—Takasuke (d.1333), minister of Takatoki; dethrones Go-Daigo
Nagashino, castle
Nagasune, governor of Yamato
Nagato, fortifications at, (1280)
Nagatoshi, name given to Nawa Nagataka
Nagauji see Hojo Soun
Nagaya (684-729), minister of the Left
Nagoya, in Hizen, base of operations against Korea; castle of
Nai-mul, king of Shiragi (364), first sends tribute to Yamato
Naka, Prince, son of Kogyoku; passed over, in succession; interregnum; Great Reform; expedition to Korea; Emperor Tenchi
Nakachiko, Oshiwa's servant
Nakahara family, scholars, secretaries in Bakufu; in Ashikaga administration; lecturers
—Chikayoshi (1142-1207) in Yoritomo's Bakufu; nominated; high constable at Court, but not appointed; in Bakufu council; ancestor of Otomo family of Kyushu
—Kaneto, rears Yoshinaka; his four sons, Yoshinaka's guards
Nakai Seishi establishes school in Osaka
Xakamaro see Abe Nakamoro and Fujiwara Nakamaro
Nakamura Hiyoshi see Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Nakane Genkei, mathematician, translates Gregorian calendar into Japanese
Nakanomikado, 114th Emperor (1710-35)
Nakano, suburb of Yedo, dog-kennel in
Naka-Nushi, "Central Master"
Nakasendo, Central Mountain road, completed early in 8th century
Nakashi, wife of Okusaka
Nakatomi family, court priests; descended from Koyane; guardians of 3 insignia, and of Shinto ceremonials; oppose Buddhism, and Soga
—Kamako, muraji, opposes Buddhism
—Kamatari see Fujiwara Kamatari
—Kane, muraji, minister, in conspiracy against Oama (Temmu)
—Katsumi, muraji, killed (587 A.D.)
Nakatsu, Prince
Nakaye Toju (1608-48), Confucianist, follower of Wang Yang-ming
Namamugi incident
Nambu family
—Saemon opposes Ieyasu
Names and naming, Japanese system; territorial
Naniwa, now Osaka, capital of Emperor Nintoku; Buddhist temple, (579); immigrants from Kudara; administration, Settsu-shoku, under Daiho; removal of capital to, by Kotoku; trade in Heian epoch
Nanko, see Kusunoki Masashige
Nankwa (16th Cent.), scholar
Na-no-Agata or Watazumi-no-Kuni, Japanese intercourse with
Naiishan, commanding Port Arthur
Nanzen-ji, Zen temple, 454; one of the "Five"
Nara, Yamato province, removal of capital to (709 A.D.); the Nara epoch (709-84); the Nara image of Buddha; city officials, revenues from public lands appropriated for, 775 A.D.; Kusu and Fujiwara Nakanari attempt to make it capital again; power of armed monks controlled by Yoshinori; rebel against Yoshimasa; Takauji tries to check
Nariaki see Tokugawa Nariaki
Narimasa see Sasa Narimasa
Narinaga, Prince (1325-38), kwanryo of Kwanto; shogun at Kamakura
Narita Kosaburo assists Go-Daigo
Nariyuki see Tokugawa Nariyuki
Nasu family, one of "8 Generals of Kwanto"
"National Histories, Six" covering years 697-887 A.D.; five composed in Heian epoch
Nature Worship
Navarrete, Alonso (1617), Spanish Dominican, executed by Omura
Navigation; see Ships
Navy, Japanese, in Mongol invasion; in invasion of Korea; naval College, Gunkan Kyojujo, at Tsukiji; modern organization; in war with China; in war with Russia
Nawa, adherents of Southern Court, in Sanin-do
Nagatoshi (d. 1336), helps Go-Daigo escape; provincial governor; commands against the Ashikaga; death
Nazuka Masaiye, in charge of land-survey
Needle, magic, as cure
Negoro, in Kii, firearms made at; headquarters of priests of Kii
Nei-issan see Ichinei
Nemuro, Russian ship in (1792)
Nengo, era or period, in chronology; different names in Northern and Southern courts
Nenoi Yukichika, one of Yoshinaka's four guards
Ne no Omi, messenger of Anko
Neo support Southern Court in Mino
Neolithic culture
Nestorian Christianity in China
Netsuke, (ill.)
New Spain, Mexico, ships from
New Year's celebration
Ng, Chinese writer on war (3d Cent, A.D.)
Nichira, Japanese at Kudara Court advises Bidatsu against Kudara
Nichiren, Buddhist sect dating from 13th century; its founder; war with other monks
Nigihayahi, uncle of Jimmu, overlord of Nagasune
Nihon Bummei Shiryaku, on early medicine
Nihon Kodaiho Shakugi, on Board of Religion
Nihon Koki, Later Chronicles of Japan (792-833)
Nihongi, Chronicle of Japan (720); on Chuai and Jingo; after 400 A.D.
Nihonmatsu family
Nihon Shoki, Written Chronicles of Japan to 697 A.D. (720), revision of; continuations
Nijo, family founded by son of Fujiwara Michiiye, one of "Five Regent Houses"
Nijo, 78th Emperor (1159-66)
Castle, Kyoto, destroyed; officials of
Michihira (1287-1335), Go-Daigo's minister
Yoshimoto (1320-88), scholar and author
Nikaido in office of shitsuji; defeated by Date
Sadafusa opposes the regent (1331)
Nikki favour Takauji
Nikko, Shimotsuke province, shrine of Ieyasu and tombs in; annual worship at
Nikolaievsk, strategic situation
Nimmyo, Emperor (834-50); chronicle of his reign; luxury
Nine Years' Commotion, Zenkunen (1056-64)
Ningpo, trade with Japan; sacked by Japanese
Ninigi see Hikoho Ninigi
Ninken, 24th Emperor (488-98), Prince Woke
Ninko, 120th Emperor (1817-46)
Nintoku, 16th Emperor (313-99); 7 provinces added by; consort, Takenouchi's granddaughter; love story; remits taxes
Nippon, "Sunrise Place"
Nira-yama, Hojo castle
Nishi Hongwan-ji, temple
Nishikawa Masayasu, astronomer under Yoshimune
Nishina-uji, branch of Taira family
Nishina Morito (d. 1221), Bakufu retainer, in Shokyu war
Nishino Buntaro, assassin (1889) of Viscount Mori
Nisi-no-shima, islet in Oki group
Nitta family, Yoritomo's attempt to win; adherents of Southern Court; crushed by Ashikaga Ujimitsu
—Yoshiaki (d. 1338), son of Yoshisada and provincial governor; suicide
—Yoshimune (1332-68), in defeat of Takauji
—Yoshioki (d. 1358)
—Yoshisada (1301-38) in Kyoto revolt; declares against Hojo, takes Kamakura; provincial governor; accuses Takauji of treason; commands army against Takauji; besieges Shirahata; escapes; faithful to Go-Daigo; death
—Yoshishige (d. 1202), ancestor of Tokugawa
Nittabe, Prince, residence of, site of Shodai-ji temple
Niuchwang taken by Japanese (1894)
Niwa Nagahide (1535-85), soldier of Nobunaga; councillor
No, dance and drama; Sadanobu regulates costume; masks
No-ami, artist, patronized by Yoshimasa
Nobility, primitive; administrative; growth of power at expense of Emperor; Daika attempts to distinguish from official ranks; titles of hereditary aristocracy annulled by Daika and estates escheated; nobles state pensioners; new titles under Temmu; influence of hereditary nobles against Daiho laws; court society in Heian epoch; in Meiji era; see Court Houses, Military Houses
Nobukatsu see Oda Nobukatsu
Nobunaga see Oda Nobunaga
Nobuteru see Ikeda Nobuteru
Nobuyoshi see Tokugawa Nobuyoshi
Nogi, Kiten, Count (1849-1912), commanding 3d Army, at Dalny; receives surrender of Port Arthur; at Mukden
Nomi-no-Sukune, suggests clay effigies instead of human funeral sacrifices; wrestler; ancestor of Sugawara family
No-niwa, moor-garden
Norimura see Akamatsu Norimura
Nori Sachhi see Tori Shichi
Norito, ancient rituals
Northeastern Japan, political importance of
North-east gate, the Demon's gate
Northern and Southern Dynasties; table; Northern in control
Northern Japan, more primitive culture of
Novik, Russian 2d-class cruiser at Port Arthur
Nozu, Michitsura, Count (1840-1908), commanding 4th Army; at Mukden
Nuns, Buddhist, Imperial princesses become
Nurses, provided for the Court by Mibu
Oama, younger brother of Naka (Emperor Tenchi), administrator during 7-year interregnum (661-668); appointed Tenchi's successor, declines in face of conspiracy; becomes Emperor Temmu
Oba Kagechika (d. 1182), hems in Yoritomo and crushes his army
Oban, coin
Obi, in Hyuga, Chinese trade
Occupations, hereditary among prehistoric uji or families
Oda family, one of "8 Generals of Kwanto"; origin of family
—Hidenobu (1581-1602), grandson of Nobunaga
—Katsunaga (1568-82), death
—Nobuhide (d. 1549) aids Crown
—Nobukatsu, son of Nobunaga, in Ise; succession; Komaki war; peace with Hideyoshi; Hideyoshi's treatment; signs oath of loyalty
—Nobunaga (1534-82); seizes Ise; career; Hideyoshi serves under; wins Okehazama; alliance with Ieyasu and Shingen; Court appeals to; attitude toward Yoshiaki; practically shogun; makes peace; friendly to Christians; aids Ieyasu; death; character; currency reform
—Nobutada (1557-82), with Ieyasu destroys army of Takeda Katsuyori; death; succession
—Nobutaka (1558-83)
—Samboshi called Hidenobu (1581-1602), son of Nobutada, his successor
Odate, governor of Harima, and Oke and Woke
Odate Muneuji, killed in attack on Kamakura
Odawara, fortress of Hojo; Odawara-hyogi proverb of reluctance; attacked by Kenshin; surrenders (1590)
Oeyama Shutendoji, bandit
Office and official called by same name; and rank, family qualifications for, before Heiji commotion
Official or Court lands, kwanden, under Daiho laws
—rank and aristocratic titles distinguished by the Daika
—rules (kyaku) supplementing Yoro laws
Oga, eighth of the great uji, descended from Okuninushi
Ogawa, at Sekigahara
Ogigayatsu, family name taken by Uesugi Tomomune; feud with Yamanouchi; against Hojo
Ogyu (or Butsu) Sorai (1666-1728), Confucianist, writes on "47 Ronin", and on government; revises code
Ohama, nobleman, placates fishermen
Ohatsuse, brother of Anko; apparently instigates murder of all between him and crown; succeeds as Yuryaku
Oiratsume, incestuous sister of Karu
Oishi Yoshiyo (1659-1703), leader of "47 Ronin" (1703)
Oiwa, general in Korea, tries to get throne of Kudara
Ojin, 15th Emperor (270-310); 21 provinces added in his reign; ship building; palanquin
Okabe Tadazumi kills Taira Tadanori at Ichi-no-tani
Okagami, historical work
Oka-yama, castle in Bizen
Okazaki, in Mikawa, Ieyasu's castle in
Okazaki Masamune (1264-1344), swordsmith of Kamakura
Oke, Prince, see Kenso
Okehazama, battle (1560) victory of Nobunaga
Oki, Princess, see Myosho
Okimachi, 106th Emperor (1557-86); honours Kenshin, summons Nobunaga to Kyoto; Hideyoshi; decrees against Christianity
Okisada, see Sanjo
Okitsugu, see Tanuma Okitsugu
Okiyo, Prince, governor of Musashi
Okoshi, see Mononobe Okoshi
Oku Hokyo, Count (b. 1844) commanding 2d Army wins battle of Kinchou; and of Telissu; at Mukden
Okubo family, guards of Hakone barrier
—Tadachika (1553-1628) punished for disobedience to Military Law
—Toshimitsu (1832-78) of Satsuma, in alliance with Choshu; and Korean question; assassinated
Okuma Shigenobu, Count (b. 1838); organizes Progressist party; attack upon, retirement; invited into Cabinet
Okuni-nushi, Kami, "Great Name Possessor"; ancestor of Oga-uji
Okura-no-Tsubone, Yodo's lady-in-waiting
Okusaka, uncle of Anko, accused of treason; Okusakabe formed in his honour
Okuyama Yasushige (d. 1651)
Omi, muraji, befriends Oke and Woke
Omi, "grandee", title, applied to chiefs of conquest, and to subjects holding court office; higher than muraji; inferior title in Temmu's peerage
Omi, immigrants from Kudara settle in; seat of court and place of issue of Omi statutes; capital moved to; Asai control; Buddhists help Asai in; rice grants
Omitsu, son of Susanoo, imports cotton from Korea
Omiwa, Kami of
Omura, fief in Hizen, represented in embassy to Europe of 1582
—Sumitada (1532-87) invites Jesuits to Omura in Hizen; a Christian, persecutes
Omura Sumiyori (d. 1619), persecutes Christians
O-muraji, head of o-uji or preeminent grandee; office held by Otomo and then Mononobe; political rivalry with o-omi; opposing Buddhism; property of, unimportant after the Daika; not in Temmu's scheme of titles
Onakatsu, consort of Inkyo
Onchi, or Yenchi, uplands, distinguished from irrigated rice land in Daiho code
Ondo no Seto, strait near Kobe
Onin, period, 1467-9, its records; civil war of; beginning of Sengoku Jidai
Onjo-ji, in Omi, temple of Jimon branch, of Tendai sect, built by Otomo Suguri; its armed men; its abbot Raigo; part played by monastery in Yorimasa conspiracy; burnt by Taira (1180)
Ono Tofu, scribe
Ono Azumahito (d. 742), lord of eastern marches, builds castle of Taga
—Harunaga (d. 1615), son of Yodo's nurse, adviser of Hideyori; plots against Katagiri and Tokugawa; advises surrender of Osaka
—Imoko, Japanese envoy to China (607 A.D.)
—Yasumaro (d. 723), scribe; preface to Ko-jiki
—Yoshifuru, general of guards, crushes revolt of Fujiwara Sumitomo
Onogoro, mythic island in story of cosmogony
Ooka Tadasuke (1677-1751), chief-justice in Yedo; revises code
O-oku, harem
O-omi, pre-eminent ami, head of Kwobetsu-uji; rivalry with o-muraji; favour Buddhism; pre-eminent after death of Mononobe Moriya; title given by Soga Emishi to his sons; no longer important after Daika (645)
Osabe, Prince Imperial, son of Konin, poisoned (772)
Osada Tadamune and his son Kagemune kill Minamoto Yoshitomo
Osadame Hyakkajo, Hundred Articles of Law
Osafune, swordsmith
Osaka, campaign from, against Sujin; Hideyoshi's castle; Chinese envoys; Franciscan convent; missionaries' residence; castle attacked; taken by Ishida; party of, refuse oath of loyalty to Tokugawa; castle partly destroyed; taken; vendetta illegal in; Nakai Seishi's school; rice exchange; jodai; traders crush English and Dutch competition; opened by Hyogo demonstration (1866)
Osaragi Sadanao, Hojo general, suicide (1333)
Osawa family, masters of ceremonies
Osazaki, life name of Emperor Nintoku
Oshihi, ancestor of Otomo chiefs
Oshikatsu, Rebellion of
Oshioki Ojomoku, code
Oshio Heihachiro (1792-1837) leads revolt after famine of 1836-7
Oshiwa, son of Richu, killed by Yuryaku
Oshiyama, governor of Mimana, recommends cession of part of Mimana to Kudara; territorial dispute of
Oshu, or Mutsu subjugated (1189); revolt of Ando
Ota Sukekiyo (1411-93), builds fort at Iwatsuki
Dokwan or Sukenaga (1432-86), builds fort at Yedo; aids Ogigayatsu branch of Uesugi
Otani, Nagamasa's castle
Oto, sister of Onakatsu, concubine of Inkyo
Oto, son of Tasa
Oto Miya see Morinaga
Otoko-yama, surrendered
Otomo family, descent; gate-guards; in Kyushu; treatment of Xavier in Bungo; feudatory and son Christians; persecute Buddhists
—general, defeats Iwaki and Hoshikawa
—Prince, prime-minister (671); conspiracy against Oama, succession as Kobun
—Chikayo, tandai of Kyushu (1396)
—Satehiko, in Korea (562)
—Yakamochi (d. 785), anthology
—Yoshishige, called Sorin, (1530-87), in wars in Kyushu; defeated in Hizen, appeals to Hideyoshi
Otsu, port
Otsu, Prince, son of Temmu; rebels against Jito and is killed
Otsuki Heiji advocates foreign intercourse
O-U, O-shu (Mutsu) and U-shu (Dewa); in 16th century wars
Ouchi family of Suwo, and the revolt of 1399; conspires in behalf of Hosokawa Yoshitane; tandai; in charge of relations with Korea, and China; quarrel with Shogun; superintend pirates; scholarship; gifts to Throne; power in 16th century, taken over by Mori Motonari
—Masahiro, pirate leader
—Mochiyo (1395-1442)
—Yoshihiro (1355-1400), Muromachi general, negotiates with Southern Court; slanders Imagawa Ryoshun; suicide
—Yoshinaga (d. 1557)
—Yoshioki (1477-1528), deputy kwanryo to Hosokawa Yoshitane; removes to Suwo
—Yoshitaka (1507-51), re-establishes (1548) trade with China; Chinese literature; defeated by Suye Harukata
Owari, province, Nobunaga in; fighting in Komaki war; Tokugawa of
Oyama, Iwao, Prince (b.1842), at Mukden
Oyamada Takaiye, sacrifice saves Nitta Yoshisada
Oye family could hold office above 5th rank; scholars; in Ashikaga administration
—Hiramoto (1148-1225), first president of man-dokoro; reforms (1185); sent to Kyoto after earthquake of 1185; in council of Bakufu; remonstrates with Sanetomo; urges offensive at beginning of Shokyu struggle; death
—Masafusa, general in Nine Years' Commotion; attempt to placate Raigo
—Tomotsuna, littÉrateur
O Yo-mei see Wang Yang-ming
Paddy-loom, introduction
Pagoda, 7-storey; 13-storey; many built by Shirakawa
Pahan-Hachiman, of pirate ships
Paikche, or Kudara, near Seoul, Japanese alliance with; artisans from
Paik-chhon-ku (Ung-jin), Japanese and Kudara army defeated by Chinese A.D.
Painting, Chinese, in Japan; and Korean; in years 540-640; in Nara epoch; in Heian epoch; in Kamakura period; in Muromachi period
Palace, ancient; consecration; in Nintoku's reign; Asuka; temporary, in burial; Kyoto palace burned and rebuilt; guards; officials; Yoshimitsu's; Yoshimasa's; Hideyoshi's
Palanquin, koshi, of 3rd century; one-pole, kago; legislation about; luxurious use of, in Genroku period
Paletot
Palisades, early defence
Pattada, Russian cruiser at Port Arthur
Paper currency
Parkes, Sir Harry (1828-85), and Hyogo demonstration
Parks in Heian epoch in Kyoto; in Kamakura period; in Muromachi; see Landscape gardening
Parties, political, personal character of; opposition to cabinet; union of Liberals and Progressists
Partitions in houses
Parturition hut, ubuya
Paulownia, Imperial badge
Pavilion, Golden, of Yoshimitsu; Silver of Yoshimasa
Pawnshops, heavy taxes on
Peaches in myth of Izanagi and Izanami; Chinese origin of story
Peach Hill, Momoyama, Hideyoshi's palace
"Peerage," Japanese, Seishi-roku (814 A.D.)
Pehchili, in Boxer Rebellion
Peking, Japanese in march to, during Boxer Rebellion
Penal law and penalties, ancient; proto-historic; ritsu of Daiho and Yoro; in Joei code; in Tokugawa period
Perry, Matthew C. (1794-1858), Commodore, U.S.N., and treaty with Japan
Persecution of Buddhists, by Christians, influence Hideyoshi; of Jesuits after edict of 1587; of Franciscans; of Dominicans (1622); of Japanese Christians (1613); (1616), (1622), in Iemitsu's time
Perseus-Andromeda story, Japanese parallel
Pescadores, ceded by China (1895)
Pessoa, Andrea, blows up his ship at Nagasaki
Pestilence in reign of Sujin; in 1182; in 1783-6; displeasure of gods at adoption of Buddhism
Petition-box (meyasu-bako) and right of petition (645 A.D.); abuse of, pointed out in Miyoshi no Kiyotsura; petition bell in Kamakura; boxes re-introduced
Petropavlovsk, Russian battle-ship, sunk
Pets, cats and dogs
Pheasant in myth of Heavenly Young Prince
—White, Hakurchi, nengo or year-period, 650-4 A.D.
Philippine Islands, promised to Hideyoshi by Franciscans; Ieyasu's embassies to; conquest of, urged by Cocks, and by Matsukura and Takenaka; Japanese forbidden to visit; governor-general of, in Japan
Phung-chang, prince of Kudara
Physical characteristics of Japanese
Piece, 40 ft., unit of cloth measure
Pine-bark for food
Pine trees in Yedo castle
Pirates in Shikoku, Fujiwara Sumitomo sent against; Japanese piracy in Muromachi epoch; and invasion of Korea
Pit-dwellers see Tsuchi-gumo
Pitszewo, landing-place of 2d Japanese army (1904)
Plum tree groves, 612; blossom festival
Poetry; Nara epoch; Heian; Chinese style; in battle; in Genroku era; bureau of; quoted; see Couplet Composing
Pohai, Korean kingdom of 8th century recognized by Japan as successor of Koma
Pok-ein, Kudara general, defeats Shiragi troops (660)
Police, doshin
—Board, Danjo-dai, duties taken over by kebiishi
—executive, kebiishi, (810-29)
Poltava, Russian cruiser at Port Arthur
Polygamy in early Japan
Polytheism of early Buddhism
Pontiff, ho-o, title taken by abdicating Emperor
Porcelain
Port Arthur, taken from Chinese (1894); Russian railway; Russian fleet at, crippled by Japanese; Japanese attack on, was it warranted?; fleet further crippled; harbour entrance blocked; movements toward; captured (end of 1904)
Portsmouth, Peace of, (text)
Portuguese in Japan; introduce fire-arms; Spanish jealousy of; Dutch and English intrigue against; instigate Christian revolt; edict of 1637 against; refuse grant in Yedo; monopolize early trade; end of trade
Post bells, suzu
Posthumous names; official rank first conferred
Posting stations
Potato, sweet, introduced
Powder, in costume
Prayer, magic, etc.
Preble, American brig, in Nagasaki (1847)
Prefectural government as opposed to feudal; prefecture or ken
Prices, official, (1735)
Priesthood, Buddhist, attempt to bring under law; armed priests; princes enter, except Crown Prince; temporal power; scholarship
—Catholic, Ieyasu's attitude; and see Jesuits, Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustins
—Shinto, early rules
Prime Minister, 85, development of political power; office first established (671)
Primogeniture in early times, Imperial; in the family; Imperial, established 696 A.D.
Princely Houses
Princes, Imperial, change of status in Nara epoch; many become priests in Ashikaga epoch; abbots of Enryaku-ji and Kwanei-ji; all but Crown Prince enter priesthood; prince abbots, or monzeki
Printing, Buddhist amulets (770); in China; from movable type, about 1592
Prisons
Privy council, Daijo (dajo) kwan; Board of
Progressist party, Shimpo-to, organized (1881) by Okuma; joins with Liberals
Promotion, official, Chinese system introduced (603 A.D.); under Daiho
Prose of Nara epoch; of Engi era wholly in Chinese; Ki no Tsurayuki's preface to Kokin-shu
Prosody, Japanese; and see Poetry, Couplet
Prostitution in Yedo; Sadanobu's legislation
Provinces, kuni, in reign of Seimu; classification, and subdivision into kori, under Daiho; difference between capital and provinces in Heian epoch; lawlessness; power of provincial families; Bushi employed by provincial nobles; shugo system, abolished by Kemmu restoration; local autonomy abolished
Provincial rulers, in early times; administration by imperial princes; early kuni-no-miyatsuko, later kokushi; kokushi under Daika; abuses under Shomu and Koken; use forced labour to reclaim uplands; term reduced to 5 years (774); administration criticized by Miyoshi no Kiyotsura; administration after Onin war; in Muromachi period; and Christianity
—temples, kokubun-ji; expense
—troops, abolished (792) except on frontiers
Public land, Kugaiden
Purchase value of money
Purification, Great, Oharai; regular, harai; bodily, misogi; as punishment for persons of high rank
Purple court costume; ecclesiastical robes
Pyong-yang, Korea; in campaign of 1592; taken from Japanese by Chinese (1593); Chinese defeated at, (1894)
Queen's Country, Chinese name for Kyushu and west-coast provinces because of female rulers
Queue—wearing and official caps, (603)
Quiver
Race of Japanese
Raconteurs or reciters, guild of, Kataribe, (ill)
Raigo, abbot, influence
Rai Miki (1825-59), in Imperial restoration movement
Rai Sanyo (1780-1832) on ethical effects of Chinese classics; on Mintoku; on Bakufu; on the Hojo; on Morinaga; on Yoshisada; on development of tactics
Railways, Englishmen employed in planning; modern building
Rakuo, pen-name of Matsudaira Sadanobu
Rank, hon-i; changed by Taira Kiyomori after Heiji commotion; and costume
Ransetsu, verse-writer
Ratio of copper and silver in coinage; of silver and gold
Reclamation, of upland, in 8th century; and perpetual title; in Yoshimune's time
Recluse Emperors, Three; and see Camera Government
Recorder, of judgments
Recorders, Court of
Records, early Japanese; local
Red court costume, mark of highest rank; colour of Taira ensign
Red Monk, name given to Yamana Mochitoyo
Red walls
Reed, source of terrestrial life; boat in Japanese myth
Reform, Great (645)
Regent for grown Emperor, mayor of palace, kwampaku, office abolished after Kemmu restoration, in Tokugawa period; to minor, sessho; military, shikken
Regent Houses, Five, Go-Sekke
Registrar of Vessels
Registration of land
Reigen, 112th Emperor (1663-86); abdicates
Rein, J. J., on chronology
Reizei, 63rd Emperor (968-969), grandson of Fujiwara no Morosuke
Relief in crop-failure or sickness, under Daiho laws; for debtors; for sufferers from fire and tornado; for famine
Religion, early rites; rites reorganized; Emperor at head of; in protohistoric period; Board of; Miyoshi Kiyotsura's description; Yoritomo's attitude; in Muromachi period; Department of; and see Mythology, Shinto, Buddhism, Christianity
Ren, lady of Go-Daigo, conspires against Morinaga, for her son Tsunenaga
Rennyo Shonin see Kenju
Restoration, of Kemmu era; of 1867
Return, English ship
Retvisan, Russian battleship at Port Arthur
Rhinoceros, fossil
Rice, castle; diet; culture; chewers, nurses; corporation of cultivators; for public use; standard of exchange; store-houses, for sale to travelers; loaned to farmers; substitute crops urged; boiled and dried, ration; paddy-loom; area cultivated, 15th century, beginning of 16th century; currency; relief tax on feudatories; production increased; rice exchange; classification of fields; modern crops
Richardson, English subject, killed in Namamugi
"Rich Gem," Princess, in myth of Hosuseri and Hohodemi
Richu, 17th Emperor (400-405 A.D.), first of "protohistoric" sovereigns
Right, Minister of
Rikken Seiyukai, "Friends of the Constitution"
Riparian improvements under Nintoku
Rituals, Ancient
River of Heaven, Milky Way
Rock, Sacred, on Kannabi mountains
Rodriguez, Joao (1559-1633), Portuguese Jesuit, interpreter at Yedo
Roju, seniors, cabinet; council of ministers, removed from proximity to shogun; and tax collecting; judges
Rokkaku, one of Five Regent Houses; Yoshihisa's campaign against
—Sadayori, see Sasaki Sadayori
—Takayori, see Sasaki Takayori
Rokuhara, n. and s. suburbs of Kyoto, offices of the Bakufu tandai; in Kyoto revolt
Rokujo, 79th Emperor (1166-1168)
Roku Kokushi, Six National Histories
Rokuon-ji, family temple of Yoshimitsu
Roku-sho-ji, Six Temples built by Shirakawa
Roman Empire, early trade with China
Ronin, free lances; revolt of; "47"
Roofs
Rope, straw, in myth; paper-mulberry, used in fishing
Rosen, Roman Romanovitch, Baron, Russian peace commissioner at Portsmouth
—and Regulations of Three Generations, Saridai-Kyaku-shiki; revised (819)
Rurik, Russian cruiser
Russia, relations with, 18th and early 19th centuries; joins France and Germany in note protesting against Japanese occupation of Manchurian littoral; war with; peace, (text); situation in 1911
Russian, name Akuro-o may be read Oro-o and mean
Ryobu Shinto, mixed Shinto, Kami being avatars of Buddhas
Ryogoku, bridge in Yedo
Ryoken, priest of Nanzen-ji
Ryoshun see Imagawa Sadayo
Ryu, Shinki, artist
Ryuko, Buddhist priest, advises of Tsunayoshi
Ryokyu Islands, language cognate to Japanese; King of, intervenes; Japanese intercourse with islands; king of, and Japanese invasion of mainland; French in, (1846); Formosa and; Chinese claims to, given up
Ryuzoki, Kyushu family, defeat Shoni
—Takanobu (1530-85), death
Sacrifice, early; human; of weapons; at grave
Sadami, Prince, Emperor Uda (q.v.)
Sadanobu see Matsudaira Sadanobu
Sadato see Abe Sadato
Sadatoki see Hojo Sadatoki
Sadatsune, Prince, sons
Sadayori see Sasaki Sadayori
Sado, island, in early myth; settlement; silver mines; penal establishment
Sado Maru, Japanese transport sunk by Vladivostok squadron
Saegusa Moriyoshi (d. 1651)
Saeki family, member of, made state councillor
Saga, 52nd Emperor (810-23); as calligrapher; his children and the Minamoto
Genji, branch of Minamoto
Sagami province conquered by Hojo Soun; Hojo and Uesugi; tobacco in
Sagara (Sawara) Crown Prince under Kwammu
Saghalien, Russians in (18th century); Russian and Japanese claims in; Russian title recognized (1875); Japan's claim to, after war with Russia; not to be fortified
Saho plots against Suinin
Saicho, posthumously Dengyo Daishi, 805 A.D. introduces Buddhist Tendai, (ill.)
Saigo Takamori or Kichinosuke (1827-77), leader in anti-foreign movement; in alliance with Choshu; urges war with Korea and resigns from cabinet (1873); in Satsuma rebellion, (ill.)
Saigyo Hoshi (1118-90), poet and ascetic
Saiko, bonze
Saikyo, western capital
Saimei, Empress (655-61), the Empress Kogyoku succeeds Kotoku; Yemishi at coronation
Saimyo-ji, Zen temple
Saionji in Kawachi
—Kimmochi, Marquis (b. 1849), head of Constitutionist (Liberal) party
Sairan Igen, book by Arai Hakusekai
Saito family in Ise defeated by Oda; feud in Mino; helped by Buddhist priests
—Hidetatsu
—Tatsuoki, defeated by Nobunaga; leads revolt in Settsu
—Yoshitatsu (1527-61), son of Hidetatsu, kills him
Sajima, Prince, (d. 125 A.D.)
Sakai, near Osaka, Ouchi Yoshihiro's castle at; China trade; Nobunaga's quarrel with; firearms made at; port
—family, Bakufu ministers from; tamarizume
—Tadakatsu, minister of Tokugawa
—Tadakiyo (1626-81) takes over most of Shogun's power; succession to Go-Mizu-no-o; succession to Ietsuna; displaced
—Tadayo, minister under Hidetada
Sakaibe Marise, uncle of Emishi
Sakamoto, castle at
Saka-no-ye Tamuramaro (758-811), against Yemishi; aids Saga
—Karitamuro (728-86), chief of palace guards
Sake, manufacture of, taught by Sukuna; dealers taxed
Sakitsuya, killed for lÉse-majestÉ (463 A.D.)
Sakugen, priest
Sakuma Morimasa (1554-83), defeated
—Nobumori (d. 1582), soldier of Nobunaga
Sakura-jima, eruption
Sakuramachi, 115th Emperor (1735-47)
Sakurayama, adherents of Southern Court
—Koretoshi, commands force loyal to Go-Daigo
Salaries, official
Salt, use of, in early Japan
Sanbo-in, temple
Samisen, 3-stringed guitar
Samurai, soldier class, freelances; attitude of, toward foreigners; place of, in making New Japan; attitude of Crown to; abolition of; Satsuma rebellion
Samurai-dokoro, Central Staff Office, (1180) in Yoritomo's Bakufu system; in administration of Kyoto after Shokyu war; in Muromachi administration
Sanada Masayuki (1544-1608), accused of encroachment; blocks Tokugawa Hidetada's army
—Yukimura (1570-1615), in defence of Osaka castle
Sandai Jitsu-roku, True Annals of Three Reigns, (901)
Sandai-Kyaku-shiki, Rules and Regulations of Three Generations
Sanetomo see Minamoto Sanetomo
San Felipe, Spanish galleon, wrecked in Tosa
Sanjo, 67th Emperor (1012-16)
Sanetomi, Prince (1837-91), leader of extremist party; in alliance of Choshu and Satsuma, (ill.)
Sanjonishi Sanetaka, scholar
Sankyo-ron, Shotoku quoted in, on management of state
Sano, branch of Fujiwara
Sano Masakoto attempts to assassinate Tanuma Okitsugu
Sanron, Buddhist sect
Santa-Martha, Juan de, Spanish Franciscan, executed (1618)
Sanuki, province
Sapan wood, trade
Sarcophagus, stone, clay, and terra cotta, of Yamato
Saris, John, agent of East India Company, settles at Hirado
Sarume, "monkey female" dances before cave of Sun goddess
Sasa Narimasa (1539-88), in Komaki war
Sasaki family, branch of the Minamoto; favour Takauji
—Mochikiyo, estates of
—(Rokkaku) Sadayori (d. 1552) captures Kyoto; reconciles hostile parties; generosity to Crown
—Shotei general in forces against Nobunaga
—Takayori (d. 1520), great estates; campaign against
Sasebo, Japanese sally from, on Port Arthur
Sashihire, Hayato assassin (399) of Nakatsu; death
Sassulitch, Russian general, on Yalu
Satake family, Yoritomo's attempt to win; one of "8 Generals of Kwanto"; of Hitachi, allies of Shingen
—Yoshinobu (1570-1633), opposes Ieyasu, taking army over to Ishida; fief reduced (1600)
Satehiko see Otomo Satehiko
Sato Tadanobu, impersonates Yoshitsune
—Tsuginobu
Satomi family, one of "8 Generals of Kwanto"; fight Hojo; defeated; allies of Shingen
Satow, Sir Ernest, sceptical of dates in "Chronicles"; on revival of Shinto
Satsuma, Xavier in; later preaching; foreign ships in, menace Tokugawa; trade; tobacco; bonita; moderate party; against Tokugawa; predominant; fiefs surrendered; clan representation; rebellion of 1877
Sawaga, monastery
Sawing to death
Scholars, Chinese and Korean, in Japan; sophists; in Bakufu; in Ashikaga system; literati at Court; Japanese sent to Europe and America
Scholarship recommended in Court Laws; Ieyasu's attitude to; revival of learning; Tsunayoshi favours Chinese scholarship; Western
"Scrutator," nairan, Bakufu official at court
Sculpture in Nara epoch; in Heian; Kamakura period
Sei-i, "barbarian expelling," title of shogun; sei-i tai-shogun, hereditary title
Seikan, priest
Seimu, 13th Emperor (131-190 A.D.)
Seinei, 22nd Emperor, (480-4)
Seishi-roku, record of nobles (814 A.D.)
Sei Shonagon, poetess
Seiwa, 56th Emperor (859-76); (ill.); sons become Minamoto
Seiwa Genji, branch of Minamoto
Sekigahara, battle of (1600)
Sen, Japanese coin
Senate, Genro-in, organized (1875)
Sengoku Hidehisa (1551-1614) soldier of Hideyoshi
Senkwa, 28th Emperor (536-9), succeeds his brother Ankan
Seoul, Korea; march upon (1592), Japanese forced to give up; Chinese resident in, blocks Japanese control; foreign legations removed, Japanese resident-general in
Sepulchres of Yamato; contents
Serpent, eight-forked killed by Susanoo; possibly the name of a local chief; early shrine; worship
Sesshu (1420-1506), painter of Kamakura school; academy
Seta, Long Bridge of
Settsu Dojun, suicide
Settsu, Buddhist temple in; Kiyomori moves capital to Fukuhara in; priests revolt
Seven Generals plot against Ishida
Sexagenary Cycle in Japanese chronology; accounts for error of 120 years; Chinese origin of
Shaho, battle of
Shaka, Sakiya Muni
Shan-hai-ching, Chinese record (4th cent. A.D.)
Shantung peninsula, fighting on, (1894); part of, seized by Germany
Shao-kang, mythical Chinese ancestor of Japanese kings
Shell-heaps
Shiba, district of Tokyo, Castle of, built (803); temple with tomb of Hidetada
—family, in office of Muromachi kwanryo; one of Five Regent Houses; make trouble in Kyushu; in Onin war; in Omi
—Mochitane, estates of
—Tachito, first Buddhist missionary
—Takatsune, revolts against Ashikaga
—Yoshihige, minister of Ashikaga Yoshimochi
—Yoshikada, rival of Masanaga
—Yoshimasa (d. 1410), shitsuji, first to be called kwanryo
—Yoshitoshi (1430-90), estates; Onin war
Shibata Gonroku
—Katsuiye (1530-83), general under Nobunaga; councillor; death
Shibukawa Noriyasu, government astronomer
—Shunkai, revises calendar (1683)
Shi-do, "Way of the Warrior" by Yamaga Soko
Shido Shogun, Campaign of
Shiga, in Omi
Shigehide see Hagiwara Shigehide
Shigehito, Prince
Shigeko, mother of Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Shigeyoshi see Tokugawa Shigeyoshi
Shihotari, Prince, commands government station in Anra
Shijo, 87th Emperor (1233-42)
Shijo-nawate, in Kawachi, battle (1348)
Shikken, military regent, in Yoritomo's system, head of the man-dokoro, great power of office held by Hojo family; Ashikaga substitute second shitsuji for; kwanryo later equivalent to; of Inchu, office held by Hino family
Shikoku, early history; pirates in, (931-7); in 16th century wars
Shikotan, inhabitants of, not pre-Ainu
Shimabara, battle of, defeat of Ryozoki Takanobu (1585); Jesuits and trade at; the S. revolt (1637-8), puts end to Portuguese trade
Shimada Yuya, judge
Shimazu in Kyushu; defeated by Hideyoshi
—Ei-O
-Hisamitsu or Saburo (1820-87), feudatory of Satsuma, in Namamugi incident; in making of New Japan; with Saigo in Satsuma
—Iehisa (d. 1587), defeated by Hideyoshi
—Tadahisa (12th century) founder of family
—Tadakuni, in Ryuku
—Yoshihiro (1535-1619), successor of Yoshihisa
—Yoshihisa (1536-1611), defeats Ryuzoki Takanobu, and is ousted by Hideyoshi; against Ieyasu; escapes after Sekigahara
Shimbetsu, families of pre-conquest chieftains or Kami class; three sub-classes; early administration; help put down revolt of Heguri; and rank of Empress; classification of Seishi-roku
Shimizu, branch of Tokugawa
—Muneharu, suicide
Shimoda, residence given to Americans
Shimonosekij French, Dutch and Americans fired upon, attack; peace with China concluded at, (1895)
Shin, Buddhist sect (1224); Hongwan-ji feud with Enryaku-ji; internal quarrels; revolt of 1488, Ikko-ikki; oppose Nobunaga; interdicted in Shimazu
Shinano, Yemishi in; revolt of Minamoto (Kiso) no Yoshinaka in; Takeda and Uesugi in; silk growing
Genji, branch of Minamoto family
Shingen see Takeda Shingen
Shingon, "True Word," Buddhist sect founded by Kukai; Heijo and Shinnyo devoted to; esoteric character
Shingu, Kii province, tomb of Hsu Fuh; naval base of Southern army
Shinki, Chinese painter
Shinno, painter
Shinnyo, name in religion of Takaoka
Shin-o, bridge in Yedo
Shino Soshin and incense-comparing
Shinran Shonin (1184-1268), founder of Shin sect, (ill.)
Shinto, sun-myth; rules in Yengi-shiki; therianthropy; shrines; Board of Religion; first use of name (c. 586); relation to Buddhism; mixed, with Buddhism; overshadowed by Buddhism, and subservient; insincerity; in Heian epoch; priests support Southern Court; relations with Confucianism and Buddhism; Pure Shinto; combined with Confucianism; revival of
Shinzei see Fujiwara Michinori
Ships, early; building, as tribute; bureau of shipping; China trade; size limited; limitation removed; middle of 19th century; modern mercantile marine; illustrations; see Navy
Shiragi, Korea, myth; annals; war with Kara; king settles in Japan; submits to Jingo; Japanese attacks on; Chinese immigration; revolt against Yuryaku; weakened; dispute over Imun; ship-builders; Buddhist image; defeats Kudara and Mimana; Japanese intervention; invasion; families in Japanese nobility; travel to Japan forbidden
Shirahata, in Harima, fortress held by the Ashikaga; by the Akamatsu
Shirakabe, Prince; see Konin
Shirakawa, 72nd Emperor (1073-86)
Shiren, priest
Shiro-uji, branch of Taira family
Shishi-ga-tani plot (1177) against Taira
Shitenno-ji, temple to Four Guardian Kings of Heaven
Shitsuji, manager, of mandokoro, office hereditary in Nikaido family; of monju-dokoro; second s. created in Takauji's system; and kwanryo
Shizuka, mistress of Yoshitsune
Shizugatake, battle of, (1583)
Shoan, Student of Chow and Confucius, teacher of Naka and Kamatari
Shocho koban, gold coins of 1428
Shodai-ji, temple
Shodan-chiyo, work of Ichijo Kaneyoshi
Shoen, great estates, manors; temple domains; attempts to check; effect on agriculture
Shogun, "general"; head of Yoritomo's bakufu system; attempt to have Imperial prince appointed; unimportant under Hojo; Fujiwara, then Imperial princes, appointed; Ashikaga in Northern Court; powers transferred to kwanryo; under Tokugawa; minister gets power; separated from ministerial council; Chinese classics lessen power; court of last appeal; Imperial rescript to; power resigned to Crown
Shohei, Japanese pronunciation of Changping, Confucius's birthplace; Shohei-bashi, bridge, Shohei-ko, college, near temple to Confucius; lectures there
Shohei, period, (1346-69)
Shohyo era
Shokagu-in, academy of Minamoto (881)
Shoko, 101st Emperor (1412-28), son of Go-Komatsu
Shokoku-ji, Zen temple in Kyoto, art school of Josetsu; one of the "Five"
Shokyu, year period 1219-22, and the struggle between the Court and the military
Shomu, 45th Emperor (724-48)
Shoni, independent family of Kyushu
—Tokihisa (d. 1559), last of family
Shonzui (16th century), manufacture of porcelain
Shoren-in, temple in Kyoto
Shoso-in, Nara (ill.)
Shotoku, Empress (765-70), Koken returns to throne; orders amulets printed
—Prince, or Taishi (572-621); history; on religions; defeats Mononebe Moriya; builds Buddhist temple; relations with Sushun; opposes uji system; his "Constitution"; death; China; official promotion system; a painter
—period, 1711-15, trade rules of
Shrines, yashiro, early Shinto; simple architecture of; in reign of Suinin; less important than temple after mixed Shinto; shrine and temple, ji-sha; immune from shugo
Shubun, painter
Shui-shu, anthology
Shujaku, 61st Emperor (931-46)
Shuko or Juko (1422-1502), Zen priest, code and tea-ceremonial
Shunkai see Shibukawa Shunkai
Shunzei, nom de plume of Fujiwara Toshinari
Shuryo, Buddhist priest, envoy of Muromachi to China
Shu-shi see Chutsz
Shushin, Zen priest
Silk in early times; culture, curtains for partition; mulberry trees on uplands; in Nara epoch advanced by need of rich robes for priests; exported; growing in Kotsuke, Shinano, etc.; "silk clothiers"
Silkworm, worship of
Silver and other precious metals
Si Wang-mu, owner of miraculous peachtree
"Six National Histories"
Slave, value of
Slaves and slavery, prehistoric; aliens become nuhi at conquest; prisoners of war and criminals; Daika; laws on slavery for debt; Daiho laws; provinces; Christians and slave-trade
Sleeves, legal regulation of
Small-pox interpreted as divine punishment
Snow and snow festivals; image of Dharma, (ill.)
So family and Korean trade
So-ami, artist, patronized by Yoshimasa; envoy to Ming court
—Sadamori (1385-1452) and Korean trade
—Sukekuni (d. 1274), governor of Tsushima, killed in battle with Mongols
Soden, inscription on Hoko-ji bell
Soga, family, descendants of Takenouchi; power; favour Buddhism; relation to Imperial family; crushed by Fujiwara; usurpation causes Daika
—Akae, minister of the Left, in conspiracy against Oama
—Emishi, o-omi, successor of Umako; assumes Imperial titles; killed
—Iname, o-omi, 130; recommends adoption of Buddhism; and Buddhist temple (552 A.D.)
—Iruka, powerful under Kogyoku; quarrels with Yamashiro
—Sukeyasu, death
—Umako (d. 626), historiography; o-omi, kills Mononobe Moriya; power under Bidatsu; guardian of Buddhist images; relationship to Imperial family; final success over Mononebe Moriya; builds temple of Hoko-ji (587 A.D.); has Sushun assassinated; alliance with Shotoku against military system; death
Sogen (Chu Yuan), Chinese priest; and Kamakura calligraphy
Soji-ji, temple
Soko see Yamaga Soko
Solfataras of Unzen volcano, torture of Christians in
Solitary Kami
Soma, branch of Taira
Somedono, Empress, wife of Montoku
Song Wang Myohg, King of Kudara, and Buddhism
Son-Kwang, Kudara prince, settles in Naniwa
Son-O Jo-I, "Revere the Sovereign, expel the barbarians" motto
Sorin see Otomo Yoshishige
Soseki see Muso Kokushi
Sosetsu, envoy to China of Ouchi family
Soshi-Mori, Korea, myth
Sotan, painter
Sotelo Luis (1574-1624), Spanish Franciscan, attempts to survey Japanese coast
Soto, sect, modification of Zen
Soun see Hojo Soun (Nagauji)
Southern Court, Daikagur-ji; war of dynasties; adherents; rulers; claims ignored in 1412 and 1428
Southwestern Japan, comparative accessibility of
Sow race, Borneo, probable source of Kumaso
Soya, strait of
Sozen see Yamana Mochitoyo
Spaniards, in Manila, jealous of Portuguese; in Tosa with "wrecked" galleon; intrigue against Dutch; Dutch and English intrigue against; Hidetada orders deported (1624); invasion by, feared, and conquest of Philippines urged; Spanish authorities forbid priests going to Japan; refuse grant in Yedo; trade unimportant; end of trade
Spear, jewelled, token of authority of Kami; sign of military authority; heads of; export of; carrier (ill.)
Spinning in myth; in early times
Spirit, tama, survives body; belief in activity of
Spying in Bushi system; civil; in Tokugawa Laws of Military Houses
Stackelberg, Baron, Russian general defeated by Oku at Telissu
Stag's shoulder blade, use in divination
Stake, death at
Stars in cosmogony
State, Central Department of, Nakatsukasa-sho
Stature of Japanese
Steel for swords
Stirrups among sepulchral remains; bridle, harness and (ill.)
Stossel, Anatol Mikhailovitch, Russian general, surrenders Port Arthur
Straw, famine food
Straw mat, tatsu-gomo, for carpet
Straw rope in sun-myth
Sugar culture
Sugawara family descended from Nomi no Sukune; scholars
—Fumitoki, littÉrateur
—Hidenaga, lecturer
—Michizane (845-903), called Kwanko, schoolman; plot to send him on embassy to China; Fujiwara plot against, (ill.); one of authors of the fifth of "National Histories"; Chinese prose; shrine, (ill.); descendants
—Toyonaga, patronized by Ujimitsu
Suicide in early myth; some examples; at grave; in protest against policy; as punishment
Suiko, 33d Empress (593-628), consort of Bidatsu; historiography; Chinese learning
Suinin, 11th Emperor (29 B.C.—70 A.D.); attempts to abolish human sacrifice
Suisei, 2nd Emperor (581-549 B.C.)
Sujin, 10th Emperor (97-30 B.C.); and ship building
Sukenari (or Juro)
Suken-mon-in, mother of Go-Enyu, relations with Yoshimitsu
Suko, Northern Emperor (1348-52)
Sukuna Hikona, mythical pygmy healer; inventor of sake
Sukune family, growth of its power; see also Takenouchi-no-Sukune
Sulphur trade
Sumida, river bridged
Sumidu-gawa, groves
Sumitada see Omura Sumitada
Sumiyoshi, Kyoto school of painting; decorations for Imperial palace
—battle, defeat of Ashikaga
—Gukei, or Hirozumi (1634-1705)
Summer Campaign
Sumptuary laws in Nara epoch; in Kamakura period; of Hideyoshi; in military laws; of Sadanobu; in early 19th century
Sumpu, in Suruga, Ieyasu retires to; vendetta illegal in; jodai of
Sun, and titles of nobles
Sun-crow, in Yamato expedition; on banners
Sun goddess, withholds light, an incarnation of Buddha
Sunrise Island, Jih-pen, Chinese or Korean name for eastern islands
Superstition, in 4th-6th centuries; in Nara epoch; in Heian
Supply, Departments of, in capital, under Daiho
Suruga, brigands of, crushed by Yamato-dake; province given to Ieyasu
—Genji, branch of Minamoto family
Survey for map under Hideyoshi; coastal begun by Spanish
Susanoo, Kami of Force, contest with Amaterasu; expelled from heaven, kills great serpent; as tree-planter; rationalization of myth; its bearings on relations with China and Korea; purification of; as guardian of forests; ruler in Shiragi
Sushen, Tungusic settlers on Sado Island (549 A.D.); expeditions of Hirafu against, (658 & 660); captives of Yemishi; later called Toi
Sushun, 32nd Emperor (588-92)
Su Ting-fang attacks Kudara (660 A.D.)
Sutoku, 75th Emperor (1124-41); Hogen tumult
Sutras, Buddhist; copying as atonement
Suwo, brigands; woman ruler in; Ouchi family of
Suye Harukata, called Zenkyo (d. 1555), crushed by Mori Motonari
Suzuka-yama, apparent Tatar remains in shrine at
Swan, Yamato-dake in form of; in cure of dumbness
Sword, myth, Imperial insignia; sepulchral remains; single-and double-edged; offered at shrines; large and small; Minamoto heirlooms; swordsmiths; exported; hilts (ill.); samurai and sword-wearing; illustrations
Syllabary, phonetic, development in Japanese away from Chinese ideograph; in Heian epoch, kata-kana and hiragana; used in Joei code
Ta-be, rice-cultivators or rustic corporation
Table and cookery in ancient Japan; in Kamakura period
Tachibana family
—Hayanari (d. 843), exiled with Tsunesada; calligrapher
—Hiromi, scholar
—Moroe (684-757), minister of the Right, acquiesces in rule of Koken-Shotoku; may have compiled anthology of "Myriad Leaves"
Tachiri Munetsugu, Court envoy to summon Nobunaga to Kyoto
Tactics, of Bushi; gradual change in
Tada Genji, branch of Minamoto
Tadahiro see Kato Tadahiro
Tadakiyo see Sakai Tadakiyo
Tadamori see Taira Tadamori
Tadateru see Matsudaira Tadateru
Tadayoshi see Ashikaga Tadayoshi and Tokugawa Tadayoshi
Tadong River, Korea; in campaign of 1592
Taema, Prince, and expedition against Shiragi (603 A.D.)
Taema-no-Kuehaya, wrestler
Ta-fu, Japanese envoy to China (A.D. 57)
Taga, Castle of; built in 724 to check Yemishi; head-quarters transferred to Isawa
Taguchi Shigeyoshi, deserts with fleet to Minamoto in battle of Dan-no-ura
Tai-hei-ki, historical work of 14th century, quoted on causes of Shokyu struggle; on Yoshinaga
Taiho see Daiho
Taiken-mon-in, consort of Toba; intimacy with Shirakawa
Taiko, "great merit"; ex-regent, title of Hideyoshi; Taiko-zan, temple at his birthplace
Taikoki, "Annals of the Taiko" quoted on Hideyoshi's palace
Taikwa see Daika
Tai Peh, Chinese prince, exile to Japan (800 B.C.); Imperial descent from
Taira, family, descended from Prince Katsurabara, generals of Imperial guards; called Heike; manors and armed forces; lose estates; quarrel with Minamoto; revolt against Fujiwara; provincial branches; treatment of priests, the Gen-pei epoch, struggle with Minamoto; genealology; in Heiji tumult crush Minamoto; hold most important offices; Yorimasa conspiracy against; defeated by Minamoto
—Atsumori (1169-84), killed at Ichi-no-tani
—Chikafusa, provincial governor
—Hirotsune, favours Yoritomo
—Kanetaka, lieutenant governor of Izu; is killed by Tokimasa
—Kiyomori (1118-81), wins manors; treatment of priests; crushes Minamoto; supports Go-Shirakawa; alliance with Shinzei; lessens power of Fujiwara; supreme; arbitrary rule; crushes Yorimasa conspiracy; death
—Korehira, founder of Ise-Heishi
—Koremochi, founder of branches of Taira
—Koremori, commands army sent against Yorimoto
Taira Masakado (d. 940), his revolt
—Masamori, crushes rebellion of Minamoto Yoshichika
—Michimori, killed in battle of Ichi-no-tani
—Munekiyo helps save life of Yoritomo; relations with Minamoto
—Munemori (1147-85), Shishi-ga-tani plot; abandons Kyoto; refuses Yoshinaka's request for an alliance; escapes after Ichi-no-tani; defeated at Yashima; executed; possibly a changeling
—Noritsune (1160-85), defeats Ashikaga Yoshikiyo in Bitchu; at Yashima; drowned at Dan-no-ura-Sadamori defeats Taira Masakado
—Shigehira (1158-85), sacks and burns three monasteries; in 1181 attacks Minamoto Yukiiye; taken prisoner at Ichi-no-tani; death
—Shigemori (1138-79); Fujiwara Narichika's jealousy of; restrains Kiyomori; death
—Shigenobu, in revolt against Fujiwara (967)
—Tadamasa, favours Sutoku in Hogen tumult, executed by Kiyomori
—Tadamori (1096-1153), body guard of Shirakawa; against Yoritomo; descent; treatment of priests
—Tadanori (1144-84), killed at Ichi-no-tani
—Tadatsune, defeated by Minamoto Yorinobu (1031)
—Takamochi, first marquis (889) of Taira
—Tomoakira, saves his father
—Tomomori (1152-85) burns and sacks monasteries; saved by his son at Ichi-no-tani; drowned at Dan-no-ura
—Tomoyasu, enemy of Yoshinaka, commands palace-guards
—Tsunemasa
—Yoritsuna, guardian of Sadatoki, crushes Adachi (1286), killed (1293)
—Yoshibumi
Taishiden Hochu, Shotoku in, on Buddhism; on property of Mononobe Moriya
Taitsang, taken by pirates, 1560
Taitsu, Chinese Emperor, protests against piracy
Tajima, king of Shiragi, settles in
—Mori, sent for orange seeds
Taka becomes empress
Takaaki, younger brother of Murakami, banished
Takachiho, Mt. in Hyuga (Saikaido)
Takahashi, Mr., on "Mallet-headed" swords
Takahira, Kogoro, Baron (b. 1864), peace commissioner at Portsmouth
Takahito, Prince, son of Go-Shu jaku, attempt to have him passed over; see Go-Sanjo
Takaichi, Prince; dies (696)
Taka-ichi, Yamato province, possibly the "Plain of High Heaven" of myth
Takakage see Kohayakawa Takakage
Takakuni see Hosokawa Takakuni
Takakura, 80th Emperor (1169-80)
Takamatsu, castle in Bitchu besieged by Hideyoshi
Takama-yama and Takama-no, Yamato
Takamochi, first of the Taira family
Takamuku Kuromaro, literatus, national doctor; leader of embassy to China (654, A.D.); dies there
Takanaga, Prince (1311-38), commander against Ashikaga
Takauji; in war of dynasties; suicide
Takano, consort of Konin, mother of Kwammu
Takanori see Kojima Takanori
Takao, temple at
Takaoka, monk, travels in India
Takashima Kihei, called Shirodayu, or Shuhan, advocates foreign intercourse (1853)
Takata, sect of Shin
Takatomo, Pruice, adopted son of Okimachi
Takatsukasa family founded by Fujiwara Kanehira, one of "Five Regent Houses"
Takatsuki, fief of Takayama
Takatsune see Shiba Takatsune
Takauji see Ashikaga Takauji
Takayama (d, 1596) feudatory of Takatsuki, converted by Vilela; his son Yusho, "Don Justo Ukondono"
Takeda family of Kai favour Yoritomo; help in overthrow of Yoshinori; alliance with Hojo and war with Uesugi; his allies against Nobunaga
—Katsuyori (1546-82), marries Nobunaga's daughter, but makes war on him; defeated
—Nobumitsu stirs up Yoritomo against Yoshinaka
—Shingen, or Haranobu (1521-73), war with Uesugi (ill.); alliance with Nobunaga, and with Ieyasu; death; military art; signature (ill.)
Takenaka, of Nagasaki, persecutes Christians
—Shigeharu, soldier of Hideyoshi
Takenouchi-no-Sukune, several prominent officials 1st to 4th century; against Yemishi; prime minister; great duke of the Presence; in conquest of Korea; succession to Jingo; ordeal for treason; grand-daughter, marries Nintoku; descendants; the Heguri
Takenouchi Shikibu(1716-71), teacher of Chinese classics; forerunner of Restoration
Takigawa Kazumasu, soldier of Nobunaga, kwanryo of Kwanto; favours Nobutaka; defeated by Hideyoshi
Takinosawa, battle of, victory over Takeda
Takuan (1573-1645), Emperor gives purple robe to
Takuma artists
Takuahan, Manchuria, 4th Army lands at
Takutsakasa Sukehira, prime minister in Kyoto, opposes Kokaku
Talien, taken from Chinese (1894); Russian railway
Tallies used in trade with China
Tamba, urchins of, the princes Oke and Woke; rice grants charged to province
Tamehira, younger brother of Murakami
Tamibe, naturalized aliens in pro-historic time
Tamichi, general, killed by Yemishi, 367 A.D.
Tamon, i.e. Ananda, statue in castle of Azuchi
Tamu no Mine, valley, site of shrine to Kamatari
Tamura, Prince, Emperor Jomei (629)
Tamura family defeated by Date
Tamuramaro see Saka-no-ye Tamuramaro
Tan, land unit; tansen, area tax
Tanaka Harukiyo, rebuilds shrine of Hachiman
Tandai, inquisitors, two representing Bakufu at Court; the Ryo-Rokuhara; similar offices at Hakozaki and Nagato; in Muromachi period
Tanegashima island where Portugese first landed; name used for muskets they introduced
Tanetsugu see Fujiwara Tanetsugu
Tang, Chinese systems, and power of Throne (645-70); most of features of Daika taken from; respects in which not adaptable to Japan; Kyoto modelled on Tang metropolis, Changan
Tanners from Korea
Tanuma Okitomo (Mototomo) (d. 1784), son of Okitsugu
—Okitsugu (Mototsugu) (1719-88), favourite of Ieshige, prime minister of Ieharu
Tan Yang-i, Chinese scholar
Taoism and Shinto
Tao Lung see Doryu
Tasa, omi of Kibi, removed by Yuryaku; leads revolt in Mimana
Tatars, possibly prominent in Yemishi revolts of 8th century; Golden and Khitan in China
Tate, fortress or warp
Tate Chikatada, one of Yoshinaka's four body guards
Tatebito, famous archer
Tatsunokuchi, in Yedo, site of court of justice
Tattooing as penalty; as decoration first in proto-historic period, when penalty abandoned
Tawara Toda see Fujiwara Hidesato
Taxation, early; and land-holding; war tax; land not taxed; requisitions; in Shotoku's constitution; Daika; Daiho; Ashikaga period; toll-gates; tokusei riots; under Tokugawa
Tayasu branch of Tokugawa, eligible to Shogunate; named from gate of Yedo Castle
Munetake, or Tokugawa Munetake
Tea, plants introduced (814); more generally (1191); picking, in Uji, (ill.); festivals; ceremonial (ill.), influence on ceramics, and architecture, tea-parlours (ill.); Hideyoshi's interest in
Technical vocabulary, Japanese
Teeth-blackening
Teika see Fujiwara Sadaiye
Teikin-orai, text book of letter-writing
Teio-keizu, Imperial genealogy
Telissu, battle of, Russians defeated by Oku
Tembun koban, gold coins minted in 1532-55
Tembyo, period (729-48)
Temman, Tenjin, shrine of Michizane
Temmangu see Michizane
Temmoku-zan, in Kai province, defeat of Takeda at
Temmu, 40th Emperor (673-86), Prince Oama; historiography; sumptuary laws
Temples, early Buddhist; mixed Shinto; provincial; estates; the "Six"; Nara epoch; at Kamakura; the "Five," schools and scholarship; revenue; commissioners; Ieyasu's legislation; under Imperial princes
Tempo, period, 1830-44, famines; reformation of
Tenchi, 38th Emperor (668-71); burial mound; painters; Daika; see Naka
Tendai, monastery and doctrine of Saicho; temple
Tengai, abbot of Enryaku-ji, in bell-inscription affair; temple at Nikko; Kwanei-ji
Tenjin, descendants of primeval trinity, sub-class of Shimbetsu; name under which Michizane was apotheosized
Tennoki, Record of the Emperors
Tenno-zan, position in battle of Yamazaki
Tenryaku, year-period (947-57)
Tenryu-ji, temple at Saga, built by Takauji; T.-bune, merchantmen, sent to China for art objects; T.-seiji, celadon vases from China
Tenshin, "kami of the descent," chieftains of expedition from Kyushu
Tensho, year period, 1573-91, coins
Tenson, "Heavenly grand-child" epithet of Hikoho Ninigi; sub-class of Shimbetsu, descendants of Sun goddess; superior position of
Teraishi, Dr., on decoration of bronze bells
Terasaka Kichiemon, one of "47 Ronin"
Terumoto see Mori Terumoto
Terutora see Uesugi Kenshin
Tetsuo, priest of Daitoku-ji
Text books
Thatch on houses
Thermal springs
Thirty-year census
Three Years' War, Go-Sannen (1089-91)
Thunder, Kami of, in tree; axes
Tientai, Japanese Tendai, Chinese monastery
Tientsin relieved by Japanese troops in Boxer Rebellion
Tiger, magic taught by
Tiles, peculiar to temples; roofs of official buildings tiled in Nara epoch; slate-coloured and green in city of Kyoto; in Kamakura period; ill
Timur gives up attack on Japan
Ting, Chinese admiral, defeated at Weihaiwei
Titles, or gentile names; new under Temmu
Toba, 74th Emperor (1108-23); state domains; palace
Tobacco growing; pipe and pouch, (ill.)
Toda Izu no Kami, advocates foreign intercourse (1853)
Tadanori, adviser of Nariaki
Todai-ji, Kegon temple at Nara, bronze Buddha; procession in Koken's reign; great bell; bell-tower (ill.); statue (ill.); gate-guards; burnt by Taira
Todo Takatora (1556-1630) helps Tokugawa
Toei-zan, Ueno hill, temple of Kwanei-ji
Tofuku-ji, Buddhist temple, S.E. of Kyoto
Tofuku-mon-in, Kazuko, first Tokugawa consort; wife of Go-Mizu-no-o
Togashi family splits in Onin war
Togo Heihachiro, Count (b. 1857), Japanese admiral, attacks Russian fleet at Port Arthur; blocks entrance to harbour; defeats Russians at Tsushima
Toi invade Japan (1019)
Toichi, wife of Kobun
Toin see Doin
To-ji, Shingon temple (Goku-ku-ji) in Kyoto
Tokaido, road from Kyoto to Tokyo
Toki see Doki
Tokichi see Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Tokimasa see Hojo Tokimasa
Tokimune (or Goro) avenges father's murder
Tokiuji see Yamano Tokiuji
Tokiwa, mistress of Yoshitomo
Tokiyasu, Prince, see Koko
Tokiyo, Prince, marries daughter of Sugawara Michizane
Toku, empress Kenrei-mon-in; mother of Emperor Antoku
Tokugawa, descent of family; hereditary system founded by Ieyasu; shogunate of family; oath of loyalty to; the T. Bakufu; "Constitution"; school, Shohei-ko; Imperial family, marries into; strengthened; attitude to feudatories; Hidetada line succeeded by Kii branch; families in ministry; decline of power; end of shogunate
Chikauji (d. 1407?), ancestor of Matsudaira
Hidetada (1579-1632), shogun (1605-22); anti-Christian edict (1616); orders Spaniards deported; in war with Uesugi; daughter weds Hideyori; attacks Osaka; Ieyasu's instructions to; rule, death, character; and Crown
Tokugawa Hirotada (1526-49)
—Hyakkajo, One Hundred Rules of Tokugawa
—Ieharu (1737-86), shogun (1760-86)
—Iemitsu (1603-51), shogun (1622-51); treatment of Christians; Ieyasu's instructions to; requires nobles to reside at Yedo; and feudal lords
—Ienari (1773-1841), shogun (1786-1837); his father's rank; abdication
—Ienobu (1662-1712), shogun (1709-12)
—Iesada (1824-58), shogun (1853-8)
—Ieshige (1702-61), shogun (1745-60); his son, Shigeyoshi, ancestor of Shimizu branch
—Ietsugu (1709-16), shogun (1712-16)
—Ietsuna (1642-80), 4th shogun (1651-80); power passes to minister; abdication of Go-Saien; death
—Ieyasu (1542-1616) (ill.); in war on Asakura and Asai; alliance with Shingen; defeats Takeda; threatened; in Komaki war; peace with Hideyoshi; against Hojo; receives Kwanto; takes oath; in Hideyoshi's scheme; Christianity; Will Adams; death; family; succession to Hideyoshi; wealth; Sekigahara; distribution of fiefs; shogun; Hideyori; defied at Osaka; Hoko-ji bell; attacks Osaka castle; character; legislation; literature; Hidetada; shrine; patterned upon by Yoshimune; Shinto revival; foreign intercourse; signature (ill.)
—Ieyoshi (1792-1853), shogun (1838-53)
—Jidaishi, on Ieyasu's laws
—Mitsukuni (1628-1700), sympathizes with Masayasu; interest in letters
—Munetada (1721-64), founder of Hitotsubashi branch
—Munetake (d. 1769) founder of Tayasii branch
—Nariaki (1800-60), daimyo of Mito, anti-foreign policy of; attempts to make his son shogun; surrenders edict against shogun
—(or Matsudaira) Nariyuki, feudatory of Kir
—Nobuyasu (1559-79); marriage
—Nobuyoshi (1583-1603), daimyo of Mito
—Shigeyoshi (1745-95), founds Shimizu branch
—Tadanaga (1605-33), brother of Iemitsu
—Tadayoshi (1580-1607), daimyo of Kiyosu
—Tsunayoshi (1646-1709), shogun (1686-1709); considerate for Crown
—Yorifusa (1603-61), daimyo of Mito; one of Sanke
—Yorinobu (1602-71), daimyo of Kii
—Yoshimune (1677-1751), shogun (1716-45); camera rule; Tayasu and Hitotsubashi branches
—Yoshinao (1600-50), daimyo of Owari; founds Shohei-ko school
—Yoshinobu or Keiki (1837-97), son of Nariaki and his candidate for shogun; Crown urges his promotion; guardian of shogun; shogun (1866-8); resigns; surrenders Yedo
Tokuhon see Hatakeyama Mochikuni
Tokuno support Southern Court
Tokuno Michlkoto, defender of Go-Daigo
Tokusei, "benevolent policy", laws of 1297; extension of policy under Ashikaga; riots; for debtors
Tokuso, priest
Tokyo, formerly Yedo, eastern capital
Tomi see Fujiwara Tomiko
Tomoe, Yoshinaka's mistress
Tomohira, Prince (963-1009), poet
Tomohito, Prince, see Kokaku
Tomo, Princess, see Go-Sakuramichi
Tomo Kowamine, exiled (843) with Prince Tsunesada
Ton-a (1301-84), poet
Tonami-yami, Echizen, defeat of Taira at
Tonegawa, flood in
Tone-yama, battle (1573)
Tonghak rebellion in Korea (1894), Chinese troops sent to quell
Tongkan, Korean history, its chronology
Tori Shichi (Korean Nori Sachhi), Buddhist
Torii Mototada (1539-1600), dies in defense of Ieyasu's castle
—Suneemon
Tornado of 1718
Torres, Baltasar de (1563-1626), Jesuit, companion of Xavier
Tortoise shell, divination
Torture in ancient Japan
Tosa, province; Ichijo family move to; seized by Chosokabe; bonita curing in; T memorial against Bakufu; surrender of fiefs; clan representation
Tosa, Kyoto school of painting; patronized by Tsunayoshi; decorations of palace
Mitsunobu see Mitsunobu
Mitsuoki, teacher of Hirozumi
Tosa Nikki, Tosa Diary
Tosabo Shoshun, bonze
Tosando, mountain road
Toshiiye see Maeda Toshiiye
Toshiyori-roju
Tosho-ji, temple, suicides in its cemetery after defeat of Hojo
Towers, royal; fire watch tower
Toyohara Tokimoto, musician
Toyohito see Kogon
Toyokuni Daimyo-jin, temple of, sacred to Hideyoshi, destroyed by Ieyasu
Toyonari see Fujiwara no Toyonari
Toyotomi, family, revolt of ronin (1651); decline of influence
Hidetsugu (1568-95), adopted successor of Hideyoshi; Hideyoshi's letter to; death
Hideyori (1593-1615), son of Hideyoshi; regent; Christians join him against Ieyasu; Ishida favours; nai-daijin, marries Ieyasu's granddaughter; Ieyasu's estimate; opposes Ieyasu; refuses to surrender; suicide
Toyotomi Hideyoshi( 1536-98); battle of Okehazama; in Ise and Kyoto; Sakai; war with Asakura and Asai; against Takeda Katsuyori; invades Chugoku; plans war on China; peace with Mori; Nobunaga; defeats Mitsuhide; councillor; crushes Takigawa Kazumasa and Shibuta Katsuiye; Yodogimi; Osaka castle; in Komaki war; peace with Ieyasu; regent; crushes remaining enemies; treatment of Ieyasu; Buddhism; palace; tea-festivals, wealth; invasion of Korea; death; family; kills Hidetsugu; character; legislation; Christianity; tomb
—Kunimatsu, son of Hideyori, killed by Ieyasu
"Trade, Chief of"
Transportation, early; roads in Nara epoch; in Heian; in Muromachi; improved by Nobunaga; laws; Tokugawa improvements; road-commissioners; railway building
Treason under Daiho code
Treasury established 405 A.D.; three in Yuryaku's reign; burnt in 1659; see Finance Department
Treaties with United States, Russia, Holland, England; commercial treaty with United States; with Korea; with China; with Russia (Portsmouth); with China (Peking)
Tree, sacred, of Buddhist temples; tree worship; myths of tree planting; stories of huge trees
Trigrams, in divination
"True Word," Shingon
Tsarevitch, Russian battleship at Port Arthur
Tsin dynasty (265-317) and Chinese migration
Tsuchi-gumo, "Earth-spiders" or "Pit dwellers"; called Wado by Chinese
Tsugaru in 16th century wars; remains of Tatar fortress
—strait, controlled by Japan
Tsugunawa see Fujiwara Tsugunawa
Tsuguno, architect
Tsuka, Korean prince, migrates to Japan; carpenters
Tsukiji, in Yedo, naval college at
Tsukuda, island
Tsukushi see Kyushu
Tsunayoshi see Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Tsunehito, Prince, father of Kokaku, rank
Tsuneko, consort of Kwazan
Tsunenaga, Prince (1324-38), conspiracy to make him heir; poisoned by Takauji
Tsunesada, Prince (823-84), exiled (843)
Tsure-zure-gusa, "Weeds of Tedium"
Tsuruga, ancient Kehi-no-ura; fortifications (1280)
Tsurugaoka hill in Kamakura, shrine of Hachiman
Tsushima, islands, in early myth; silver discovered (674) and gold (701); attacked by Toi (1019), by Mongols (1274), and (1281); attacked by Koreans in 1419; Korean trade; Chinese squadron attacks; outpost of Japan; Hakuseki wishes to limit Korean envoys to; commerce; commanding strait; Russian attempts upon; battle of, Russian fleet defeated by Togo
Tsutsui Junkei (1549-84), deserts Akechi Mitsuhide in battle of Yamazaki; succession to Nobunaga
Tsuwata Saburo, suicide
Tsuying, king of Pohai, Korea
203-Metre Hill, Port Arthur, fighting at
Uchida Ieyoshi, warrior
Masanobu (1619-51), suicide
Uda, 59th Emperor (888-97), Prince Sadami
Uda Genji of Omi, branch of Minamoto
Ueda castle
Ueno park, Kiyomizu temple; hill called Toeizan; abbot of, candidate for throne in 1867
Uesugi, family, favours Tadayoshi; overthrows Ashikaga; kwanryo; two branches; quarrels; join against Hojo; shitsuji; governor-general of Kwanto; patronize schools; against Mogami; Hideyoshi makes peace with
—Akifusa, shitsuji to Shigeuji
—Akisada, estates
—Akiyoshi, avenges his father
—Fusaaki (1432-66)
—Kagekatsu (1555-1623), lieutenant of Hideyoshi in Komaki war; against Hojo; senior minister; with Ishida Katsushiga plots against Ieyasu; open break with Ieyasu; fiefs reduced after Sekigahara
—Kenshin, originally Nagao Kagetora. (1530-78), kwanryo, war with Hojo and Takeda, checked between Nobunaga and Shingen; military art
—Mochifusa, sent against Kamakura by Ashikaga Yoshinori (1439)
—Mochitomo (1416-67) fortifies Kawagoe
—Noriaki (1306-68), shitsuji; exile
—Noriharu (d. 1379), suicide
—Norimasa (1522-79), driven from Hirai by Ujiyasu
—Norimoto (1383-1418)
—Noritada (1433-54), shitsuji to Shigeuji, death
—Norizane (d. 1455), plot to kill; helps defeat Kamakura forces (1439)
—Shigeyoshi (d. 1349), shitsuji, exiled
—Tomomune, shitsuji
—Tomosada, shitsuji
—Ujinori
—Yoshinori (d. 1378), shitsuji
Uji, families, rank; government, established and abolished by Emperor; taxation; feudal chiefs; the Eight Great Uji; opposed by Shotoku; rank; government; Jinshin; Kami elective; princely families; academies; record; territorial names
Uji river, Yamashiro province, battle at
Uiyasu see Hojo Ujiyasu
Ukhtonsky, Rear-Admiral Prince, commanding Russian squadron at Port Arthur
Ukita Hideiye (d. 1662), soldier of Hideyoshi, against Chosokabe; commander-in-chief in Korea; one of 5 senior ministers; and Hideyoshi's laws; against Ieyasu; estates forfeited
Unclean, eta and hinin, in Kamakura classification
Unebi, Mt., tomb of Jimmu; Soga mansion
Ung-jin (Paik-chhon-ku), Japanese defeat at, (662)
United States, Japanese relations with, 1837 '46, and '48; Perry; Townsend Harris; Shimonoseki affair; Americans in education, post-office, agriculture, etc.; intervention in Russo-Japanese war; threats of war
Unkei, sculptor
Unzen, volcano, Christians tortured in solfataras
Upland, onchi
Urabe Kanetomo (15th century), Shinto
Yoshida, Shinto doctrine of
Uraga, English refuse for headquarters; Manhattan enters; Perry in
Urup, island, Russians in, (1792)
Uryu Sotokichi (b. 1857), rear-admiral, destroys Russian cruisers at Chemulpo
Usui Pass in Yamato-dake's march, identification of
Usume, female Kami
Usuri, won by Russia (1860)
Utsonomiya family, one of "8 Generals of Kwanto"
Valegnani, Alexander (1537-1606), Jesuit vice-general, visits Kuchinotsu in 1578; embassy
Variag, Russian cruiser at Chemulpo
Vehicles, proto-historic; in Nara epoch
"Vehicles" of Buddhism
Veil in ancient costume
Vendetta, beginning of in Japan (486 A.D.); (1193); of Ako; illegal in Kyoto, Yedo, Osaka and Sumpu
Vermilion pillars; stamp of Taiko
Vilela, Gaspard (d. 1570), Portuguese Jesuit, in Kyoto
Village, part of agata; assemblies; chief
Vivero y Velasco, Rodrigo, governor of Philippines, agreement with Ieyasu (1609)
Vladivostok, strategic situation; Russian squadron at, crushed by Kamimura; objective of Rozhdestvensky
Volcanic eruptions
Wa, "dwarf" or "subservient," early Chinese name for Japanese
Wada Yoshimori (1147-1213) son of Yoritomo's benefactor in Bakufu council; betto defeated and killed by Hojo Yoshitoki
Wadded garments, first mentioned, in 643 A.D.; use prescribed
Wado, Chinese name of western tribe of Japan
Wado, copper era (708-15)
Wage, in 1498
Waka, wife of Tasa, taken from him by Yuryaku
Waka-irutsako, younger son of Ojin
Wake, funeral ceremony
Wake, Prince, burial of
Kiyomaro (733-99), banished; chooses site for new capital for Kwammu
Wakiya Yoshiharu, son of Yoshisuke, in defeat of Takauji
Yoshisuke (d. 1340), brother of Nitta Yoshisada and provincial governor; in command of Imperial army against the Ashikaga
Wakizaka Yasuharu (1554-1626) at battle of Sekigahara
Wang Yang-ming (1472-1529) philosophy of, officially displaced by Chutsz's; Nakaye Toju follows; summary of system
Wani, Korean scribe in Japan; his descendant, Wang-sin-i
War, Department of, Hyobusho
War God, Hachiman, Oracle of
War Office, Heisei-kan
Waseda University, Tokyo, founded by Okuma
Watanabe, fleet at, before battle of Yashima
Watanabe family, branch of Minamoto
Watarai, temple of, in Ise, princess priest of
Watazumi-no-Kuni, Japanese intercourse with
Watch, in capital
Water-supply of Yedo
Wave-men, ronin
Wax, vegetable, industry
Weaving in early times; early taxes paid by; development
Weights and measures
Weihaiwei, taken from Chinese (1894)
Wei Records, A.D. 211-265, on Japanese markets
Western Army, Yamana forces in Onin war
Whale, fossil remains
White, mourning colour; colour of Minamoto
Wi-ju, Korea; Russians at, (1904)
Winter Campaign
Wistaria, fujiwara; bark used for mourning garments
Witchcraft, in Nara epoch
Wo (Japan), tributary to Chinese Kingdom of Yen
Woke, see Ninken
Women, use phonetic language; warriors; tribute to serpents and marauders; prehistoric status; rulers; hostages; morality; literature; property rights; in Tokugawa period; punishment of; shogun's harem; illustrations
Wrestling in prehistoric times; first recorded match (23 B.C.); professional sport; (ill.)
Wu, Chinese Emperor, and Buddhist propaganda
Wu-Ti, Chinese emperor, conqueror of Korea
Xavier, St. Francis (1506-52), Jesuit missionary, lands in Kagoshima (1549); in Hirado, Yamaguchi, Kyoto, and Bungo, death
Yada castle in Ise
Yae, wife of Hideyoshi, followed by military clique
Yaka, mistress of Tenchi
Yakami, Princess, of Inaba, marries Great-Name Possessor
Yakami, castle in Tamba
Yakushi, Buddhist god of wisdom, inscription on image of; y.-ji, temple, (ill.)
Yalu River, Korea, in 1592 campaign; Chinese cross, (1894); Russians and Japanese on, (1904); Russians defeated
Yama, Indian god
Yamabe, Prince; see Kwammu
-Akahito, poet
Yamabushi, priests
Yamada Tesshu, on Bushi
Yamaga Soko (1622-85), philosopher of bushido; Chinese teaching
Yamagata Daini (1725-67), executed; fore-runner of Restoration
Yamaguchi, Korean envoys come to; Xavier in; Jesuits leave; Christians in
Yamamoto support Southern Court
Yamana, family, joins Southern party; controls ten provinces; turns to Northern Court; crushed; rehabilitated; one of Five Regent Houses; holdings; Hosokawa; forces in Onin war, Western Army; "province holders"
—Mitsuyuki, in revolt against Northern Dynasty
—Mochitoyo, called Sozen, "Red Monk" (1404-73), gets Harima; great estate; in war on Hatakeyama; forces choice of Shiba Yoshikado as kwanryo; deserts Yoshimi; death
—Norikiyo receives province of Mimasaka
—Noriyuki, captures Shirahita
—Sozen see Yamana Mochitoyo
—Tokiuji (d. 1372), joins Ashikaga
—Ujikiyo rebels (1391) against the Ashikaga
Yamanobe, Princess
Yamanouchi, family name taken by Uesugi Yoshinori; feud with Ogigayatsu; join them against Hojo
Yamashina, Kamatari's residence
Yamashiro, Prince, candidate for throne in 629 and 641; suicide
Yamashiro, early shrine; campaign from, against Sujin; canal; meaning of name; school of painters (604 A.D.)
Yamato, expedition from Kyushu against; meaning of name, as used by Chinese; kindred race at time of conquest; retirement to Tsukushi; culture; physiognomy; relations with Caucasians; language; school of painting
Yamato, Prince, human sacrifices at burial of (2 A.D.)
Yamato-dake and Susanoo's sword; campaign against Yemishi; against Kumaso; a swan
Yamato Genji, branch of Minamoto
Oguna, earlier name of Yamato-dake
Yamazaki, battle of, (1282)
Ansai, follower of Chutsz; forerunner of Restoration
Yanaida Takasuke, estates
Yanagawa Seigan, Imperial restoration movement
Yanagisawa Yasuaki, or Yoshiyasu, (1658-1714), favourite of Tsunayoshi; dismissed by Ienobu
Yanamoto Kataharu in civil war of 1520
Yang-chou, taken by pirates (1556)
Yangtzuling, Russian defeat at
Yashima, battle, (1185)
Yashima, Japanese battleship lost off Port Arthur
Yaso, daughter of Emperor Reigen
Yasumaro see Ono Yasumaro
Year-period (Nengo), adoption of Chinese 645 A.D.; under two dynasties
Yedo, fort built (1456); capital of Kwanto; Franciscan mission; Hidetada; Bakufu; castle; nobles must reside in; rebuilt after fire; art centre; vendetta forbidden; tree planting in; Kwanno Chokuyo's school; fires; degeneration, 18th century; vagabonds; prison; land offered to foreign traders; called Tokyo
Yellow Sea, Japanese victory over Chinese (1894)
Yemishi, early name of Ainu; Hirafu's expedition; description; Yamato-dake's expedition; captives called Saekibe; revolt in Kazusa; language, Siberian origin; migration; revolts
Yen, Pechili
Yengi-shiki, book of ceremonial law (927 A.D.)
Yen Hui, Chinese painter
Yenisei, Russian mining-transport, sunk by mine at Port Arthur
Yenomoto Takeaki, Viscount (1839-1909), admiral to the shogun, tries to set up republic in Yezo
Yezo, pit-dwellers' remains in; name related to Yoso; Yemishi in; Russians and Japanese clash in; Yenomoto's republic in
Yi Sun-sin, Korean admiral, defeats Japanese fleet
Yo-chang, prince of Kudara, defeats Koma (553), beaten by Shiragi
Yodo (Yamanouchi Yodo) (1827-72), feudatory of Tosa, memorial to shogun
Yodo, estate of
Yodo or Yodogimi, daughter of Asai Nagamasa and mother of Toyotomi Hideyori; civil party sides with; against Ieyasu; Ieyasu promotes quarrel between Katagiri Katsumoto and; intrigue through her sister; death
Yokohama, opened to American trade (1858)
Yoko-yama, castle of Nagamasa
Yolang, or Pyong-yang, Korea
Yomei, 31st Emperor (586-7); Buddhism
Yomi, hades, compared to Indian Yama; identified with Yomi-shima, between Hoki and Izumo
Yorifusa see Tokugawa Yorifusa
Yoriiye see Minamoto Yoriiye
Yorimasa conspiracy (1180)
Yorinobu see Tokugawa Yorinobu
Yoritomo see Minamoto Yoritomo
Yoritsune see Fujiwara Yoritsune
Yoro, year-period, and legislation of
Yorozu, story of
Yoshida Kenko (1283-1350), recluse and poet, one of "four kings"
Shoin (1831-60), leader of anti-foreign and Imperial movement
Yoshifusa see Fujiwara Yoshifusa
Yoshiiye see Minamoto Yoshiiye
Yoshikage see Asakura Yoshikage
Yoshikawa, adherents of Southern Court
Yoshimasa see Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Yoshimi see Ashikaga Yoshimi
—nephew of Yoritomo
Yoshimine, princely uji
Yoshimitsu see Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Yoshimune see Tokugawa Yoshimune
Yoshinaga (Norinaga), Prince, governor-general of O-U; in the Ashikaga revolt; see Go-Murakami
Yoshinaka see Minamoto Yoshinaka
Yoshinao see Tokugawa Yoshinao
Yoshino, in Yamato, Buddhist monastery at, rallying place for Furubito's followers; Prince Oama takes refuge at; rendez-vous of Go-Daigo's followers; in war of dynasties
Yoshino, cruiser lost off Port Arthur
Yoshinobu see Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Yoshisada see Nitta Yoshisada
Yoshisuke see Wakiya Yoshisuke
Yoshiteru see Murakami Yoshiteru
Yoshitsune see Miriamoto no Yoshitsune
Yoso, N. E. Korea, cradle of Yemishi
Yozei, 57th Emperor (877-84)
Yuasa support Southern Court
Yuge no Dokyo, priest, Koken's love for
Yui Shosetsu, leader in revolt of 1651
Yuki, branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto; persuade Shigenii to kill Noritada
—Munehiro, administrator in O-U
Yunglo, Chinese Emperor and year-period, 1403-22, called Eiraku in Japan
Yura, Strait of
Yuryaku, Emperor (457-79), cruelty of his reign; and Korea; death of Hayato at his tomb; serpent worship; 3 provinces added in his time; punishes Sakitsuya for lÉse-majestÉ, succession
Yushima, Yedo, shrine
Yusho see Takayama
Yutahito see Kogon
Yuzu or Yutsuki, Chinese imperial prince, and Chinese migration to Japan
Zejobo, mathematician and surveyor
Zekkai, scholar, adviser of Yoshimitsu
Zen (dhyand, meditation), Buddhist sect of contemplation; and Hojo Tokimune; the soldier's creed; and intercourse with China; priests and literature and art; tea ceremonial; favoured by the Ashikaga; great priests; five temples in Kyoto
Zenko-ji, temple in Nagano with battle paintings
Zenkyo see Suye Harukata
Zenyu, priest, liaison with Empress Taka
Zojo-ji, temple of Shiba, Tokyo, tomb of Hidetada
Zoku Nihongi (or Nihonki) Supplementary Chronicles of Japan (798)
Nihon Koki, Supplementary Later Chronicles (869)
Zuisa, Buddhist priest, envoy of shogun to China
Zuniga, Pedro de (d. 1622), Spanish Dominican and martyr
FULL PAGE HALF-TONES
WOODEN STATUE OF THE EMPEROR JIMMU
PREHISTORIC REMAINS PLATE A.
I. A "Stone plate" or mortar for hut flour (suburb of Tokyo); B and C Stone sticks or batons, marks of rank (Rikuchu and Hitachi); D Stone club, probably religious (suburb of Tokyo).
II. A Shell ring (Shimosa); B Bone nail (Rikuzen); C Bone spear-head (Rikuzen); D Stone spoon (Mutsu); E Stone chisel (Iwashiro); F and G Arrow heads (Uzen); H Magatama (Izumo); / Kazaridama, beads for ornament (Mutsu).
III. A Vessel with handles, front rounded, back flat (Totomi); B Grayish earthenware dish, possibly for rice, with lathe marks (Mino); C Jar with spout on sides (Totomi); D Wine jar with hole in center to draw off sake with bamboo (Bizen); E Cup (Mino).
IV. Brownish earthenware decorated by spatula and by fabric pressed on the moist clay. A From Hitachi; B Incense-burner shaped vessel (Ugo); C From Rikuzen; D Probably a drinking vessel (Mutsu).
V. Wooden doll (Mutsu),—probably a charm.
VI. Beads or gems (Rikuchu); the largest at the left, a marutama of plaster; next, a kodanta of a substance like glass.
VII. A Spear-head with socket: B Sword; C Sword with ring.
VIII. Cut gem of rock crystal (Bitchu).
IX. Kudatama, jasper ornament (Bizen).
X. Gold ring, copper core, ear decoration (Musashi). XI. Magatama, probably strung on necklace (Yamashiro).
PREHISTORIC REMAINS PLATE B.
Earthenware horse (MUSASHI); Haruwa or offering at the tomb
Arrowhead and lance head (SHINANO); and bronze mirror (TAMBA).
Haniwa, earthen ware images offered at the tomb. Female figure with elaborate coiffure and dress lapping left over right. Man with steel helmet and coat of mail.
Broken piece of earthenware showing a human face.
Stone axes and hatchets (MUTSUI OTARU, a polished Stone; Meguro, near TOKYO; and SHIMOSA).
PRINCE SHOTOKU (572-621 A.D.)
(From a painting in the collection of The Imperial Household)
KAMAKURA DAIBUTSU, OR IMAGE OF BUDDHA
(Cast in bronze. 1252 A.D.; height 47 feet)
COSTUMES
Samurai in Hunting Robe
Imperial Court noble
Samurai in Court Robe
TOKUGAWA SHRINE AT NIKKO
ADMIRAL TOGO
*******
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