  Pen Selwood, 19 Poitiers, 231 Puysac, 67 Radcot, 248 Reading, 7 Rochelle, 236 Sherstone, 19 Shrewsbury, 280 Stamford Bridge, 26 Sluys, 220 St. Albans, 323, 327 St. Cloud, 284 Swanage, 8 Tenchebray, 66 Tewkesbury, 335 The Standard, 80 Thetford, 7 Towton, 328 Verneuil, 305 Wakefield, 327 Wilton, 7, 84 Basset, the Justiciary, hangs forty-four thieves at one Court, 74 beheads him, 202 Beauchamp, Thomas, fourth Earl, one of the Lords Appellant, 248; arrested, 251; Beauchamp, Richard, fifth Earl, succeeds York in France, 315 Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, quarrels with Gloucester, 306; lends troops to Bedford, 311; legate, attacked by Gloucester, 312; at Arras, 314; visits Edinburgh, 315; head of peace party, 316; dies, 318 supports Henry I., his large property, 65; dies, 68 Beaumont, Waleram, Count of Mellent (son of Robert), opposes the Church, 81, 82; offers the crown to Theobald, 83 joins Henry of Anjou, 85; left in charge of England, 91; ordered to pronounce sentence against Becket, 98; joins the Great Rebellion, 104 Beaumont, Henry de (no relation to Counts of Mellent), favourite of Edward II., 201, 204 Bec, compromise at, 71 Beck, Anthony, Bishop of Durham, agent of Edward I., 172; sent to Scotland, 181 Becket, first employed by Archbishop Theobald, , 8 Burnell, Chancellor, 172; his advice, 179 Cade, Jack, his rebellion, 320 Calais, siege of, 228 Calne, Dunstan’s synod at, 15 Calverley, general of the Free Companies, 234 Castles, built by Eadward, the nucleus of towns, 10; built by William I. as garrisons, 43, 45-47; set up in Wales, 59; Wales kept in subjection by, 70; multiplied in Stephen’s reign, a sign of anarchy, 80; tortures perpetrated in them, 87; number of, 90; put down by Henry II., 90 Catesby, favourite of Richard III., 345; speaker of his Parliament, 346; couplet on him, 347 Catherine of France, marries Henry V., 300 Caxton, introduces printing, 353 Ceawlin, a Bretwalda, 2 Cenwulf, Christian king of Mercia, beheaded, 329 Courtenay, John, eighth Earl (brother of Thomas), killed at Tewkesbury, 335 Courts (of law and justice) before the Conquest, 32-34; modified by William I., 37, 38; by Henry I., 74-76; dispute between secular and ecclesiastical, 94, 96; reorganized by Henry II., 106, 107, 108; superiority of central courts increased, 124, 125 Cressingham, Treasurer of Scotland, 186; defeated by Wallace, 189 Cromwell, Ralph, treasurer, 313; joins York, 321 Crusades, Robert pledges Normandy to be free to join in, 59; his success at DorylÆum and Ascalon, 65; Ivo of Grantmesnil at the siege of Antioch, 65; preached by St. Bernard, 84; Henry II. promises to go on one, 103; causes for the third, 110; urged by the Pope, 111; preached by Heraclius, Bishop of Jerusalem, 111; bad effect of, in England, 116; of Richard I., 117-121; perversions of, 153; made excuse for taxes, 146, 155 Cumberland, overrun by Danes, 8; refuses to pay the Danegelt, 16; a Scotch district, 51; William II. peoples it from the destroyed villages near Winchester, 58; Curia Regis, established by William I., 38; organized by Henry I., 75; has no legislative authority, 76; reconstituted by Henry II., 106; restricted to five persons, 107 Customs, origin of, 174 Cymric, a Saxon leader, 2 Cytric of Northumbria does fealty to Æthelstan, 11 Danes, first appearance of, 5; winter in Thanet, 6; conquer Northumbria and East Anglia, 7; further conquests, treaty of Wedmore, 8; in Ireland, 11, 14; in the Lothians, 14; fresh invasions in Æthelred’s reign, 15; massacred by Æthelred, 17; fresh invasion under Thurkill, 17 Danegelt, begun by Æthelred at Sigeric’s advice, 157; a reformer, 160; joins his father against the Barons, 162; prisoner after Lewes, 163; desire for his release, 164; escapes, 166; wins battle of Evesham, receives De Montfort’s property, 167; goes on a crusade, 168; his coronation, 172; his character, 173; conquers Wales, 175, 176; mediator between France and Aragon, 178; checks disturbances, banishes the Jews, 179; proposes a marriage treaty with Scotland, 181; death of his wife, 182; awards the crown of Scotland, 183; war with France, 184; with Scotland, 185, 186; outlaws the clergy, 187; arbitrary taxation, 187, 188; goes to Flanders, 188; makes treaty of Chartres, 189; marries Margaret, 190; defeats Wallace, 190; second conquest of Scotland, 191; death, 192 Edward II., betrothed to Maid of Norway, Fulthorpe, betrays Richard II.’s plans to Gloucester, 248; 300; enters Paris, dies, 301 Henry VI., his education intrusted to Warwick, 302; coronation, 311; marriage, 316; his interview with York, 321; first fit of imbecility, recovers, 322; wounded at St Albans, 323; second fit of imbecility, his recovery, 324; he attempts reconciliation, 325; deserted after the battle of Northampton, 326; rescued by the Queen at the second battle of St. Albans, 327; escapes to Scotland, 329; captured and imprisoned, 330; re-crowned, 334; murdered, 336 Henry of Poitou, Abbot of Peterborough, his bad character, 72 Henry the Lion of Saxony, Frederick I. asks for Henry II.’s daughter for him, 99; he marries Matilda, 109; rival of Frederick, deserts him, 109; asks the help of Henry II., 109 Henry, son of Henry II., marries Margaret of France, 92; crowned, 100; demands actual possession of part of his kingdom, 103; objects to his brother John’s marriage-treaty, 103; renewed power, 240; protects Wicliffe, 240; hated by the people, 240, 244; head of the Council, 243; deserts Wicliffe, 245; character of his government, 245, 246; goes to Spain, 246; returns, 251; John, King of France, 229; taken prisoner at Poitiers, 231; liberated, 233; dies, 234 Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, ancestress of Matilda, wife of William I., her three marriages, 6 Jurisdiction, early organization of, 32; connected with the possession of land, 33, 36; of the Witan, 34; old machinery retained by William, 37; ecclesiastical separated from secular, 38, 94; private, 87; punishment of corrupt judges, 179 Jury, origin of, 108 Justiciary, his duties, 38; president of the Curia Regis, 75 Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor, 321; dies, 322 Kenilworth, last stronghold of the Barons, 167; Dictum of, 168 Kent, Earl of, half-brother of Edward II., his conspiracy and death, 215 Kent, Earl of, his conspiracy against Henry IV., beheaded, 277 his personal relation becomes territorial, 33; his office elective, 34; becomes supreme landowner, 37; practically irresponsible, 38; position of William I., 42; of Henry I., as feudal lord, 64; his equitable power, his power of making laws and levying taxes, 76; misery caused by a weak king, 78, 86, 87; rivalry with the Church, 94, 105; his judicial power, 107; opposition to his overstrained power, 125, 137, 138, 159; view of his position in a political poem of Henry III.’s time, 169, 170; 331 Mark system, described, 28; how carried out, 31 Marlborough, castle of, held for Matilda, 83 Marriage of the clergy, permitted by Dunstan, 14, 15, forbidden by Lanfranc, 49 Marshall, William, first Earl of Pembroke, ordered to supplant Longchamp, 121; summoned to Rouen, 126; advises John to disband his troops, 129; declares Henry III. King, 141; his character, government, 142; death, 143 Marshall, William, second Earl, head of the Barons at Brackley, 136; his property attacked, 144; quarrels with De Burgh, 146 Marshall, Richard, third Earl, his patriotism, 149; outlawed, murdered, 150 Marshall, Gilbert, fourth Earl, restored to favour, 150 Martin, Papal agent, his exactions, 154 Mary of Burgundy, rivals for her hand, 336, 337; marries Maximilian of Austria, 339 Matilda, wife of William I., helps Robert, 53; dies, 54; a href="@public@vhost@g@html@files@61358@61358-h@61358-h-19.htm.html#Page_165" class="pginternal">165; three Estates represented at, 185, 193, 194; royal power restricted by, 201; a Peer’s privileges in, 221; construction of, in Edward III.’s reign, 237, 238; mercantile classes introduced, 264; power of the Commons in Henry IV.’s reign, 282, 283 Paulinus, missionary to Northumbria, 3, 4 Peasantry, their sufferings in Henry I.’s reign, 72, 73; in Stephen’s reign, 86, 87; effects of the Friars’ preachings on, 153; disturbances in Edward I.’s reign, 179; their love for Lancaster, 207; effect of Black Death upon, 229; becoming more important, 237, 238; their insurrection under Wat Tyler, 244; oppression of the Commons, 245; day labourers increasing, 260, 261; effects of Wicliffe’s preaching on, 267, 269; the Statute of Labourers, 267, 268; their sufferings after the French war, 318; their hatred of Suffolk, 319; Jack Cade’s rebellion, 320; rebellions against Edward IV., 332, 333; their indifference in the War of the Roses, 332, 333, 335; increased freedom of, and poverty, 352, 353 Pecquigni, Treaty of, 338 Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile, supported by the Black Prince, 234; his daughters marry John of Gaunt and Edmund of York, 236 Penda, King of Mercia, 4 Percy, Henry, first Earl of Northumberland, Constable, partisan of Henry IV., 276; quarrels with him, 278, 279; submits, 280; escapes, 281; killed at Bramham, 282 Percy, Thomas, brother of the first Earl, made Earl of Worcester, 252 Percy, Hotspur, son of the first Earl, his marriage, 279; killed, 280 Percy, second Earl, reinstated, 288; killed at St. Albans, 323 Percy, Lord Egremont, son of the second Earl @vhost@g@html@files@61358@61358-h@61358-h-20.htm.html#Page_172" class="pginternal">172, 193, 319; returns, triumphs over York, 321; killed at St. Albans, 323 Somerset, Henry, in power, 324; flies to Scotland, joins Edward IV., rejoins Henry VI., killed at Hexham, 329 head of the old nobility, 341; supports Richard III., 342; joins Henry Tudor, 345; Stafford, Sir Humphrey, defeated by Jack Cade, 320, (distant relation of the Duke’s) Stafford, Humphrey (cousin of Sir Humphrey), Earl of Devonshire, defeated, 332 Stafford, Sir Humphrey, prevents Buckingham from joining Henry Tudor, 346 Stanley, one of the new nobility, 341; apprehended, 343; made constable, 344; marries Margaret of Richmond, 347; joins Henry Tudor, 348 St. Brice, massacre of, 17 Staple, Calais a staple town, 228; origin of, 257; rearranged by Edward IV., 330 Statutes— Of Carlisle, 265 De Donis conditionalibus, 196 De HÆretico comburendo, 276, 285 Of Labourers, 267 De Mercatoribus, 258 Of Mortmain, 175, 196 Of PrÆmunire, 250, 266 Of Provisors, 250, 265 Quia Emptores, 194, 196, 264 Of Stamford, 200 De Tallagio, 188 Of Wales, 176 Of Westminster, 174, 193, 195, 200 Of Winchester, 177, 195 Stephen, second son of Stephen of Blois and Adela, daughter of William I., swears fealty to Matilda, 69; secures the throne, 77; his character, 78; goes to Normandy, purchases peace with Anjou, 79; makes peace with Scotland, grants castles, and creates earldoms, 80; by mercenaries defeats Gloucester’s insurrection, 81; offends the Church, 81, 82; taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, 51; constant wars against William II., 58; land granted to Norman Earls, 59; Henry I. establishes colonies of Flemings in, 70; insurrections under Gryffith, 70; under Gwynneth, 91; under Llewellyn, 132; under Llewellyn, 176; annexation of, 177; Meredith’s rebellion, 178; rebellion against Edward II., 204; quarrel with the Marchers, 206; insurrection of Owen Glendower, 278, 282; sympathy with the Lancastrians, 332, 335; sympathy with the Tudors, 346, 348 Wallace, his insurrection, 189; defeat and death, 190; his use of infantry, 225 Walter, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, opposes John, 123; trained by Glanvill, 124; withdraws from secular work, 125; summoned to Rouen, 126; persuades John to disband his troops, 129; dies, 130 Waltheof, Earl of Nottingham, 44; destroys the castles of York, 47; |
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