  1 According to Sambon, the RicinidÆ are by no means advantageous to their hosts. These Hemipterous parasites give rise to an intolerable itching which may cause loss of rest, emaciation, and sometimes even death. Birds suffering from phthiriasis of the Ricines are usually in bad health. 2 For further information on these conditions, see “Die Schmarotzer des Thierreichs,” by P.J. van Beneden, Leipzig, 1876; and “Die Symbiose,” by O. Hertwig. 3 Oerley, L., “Der Rhabditiden und ihre medizinische Bedeutung,” Berlin, 1886, p.65. 4 LÜhe, M., “Ueber d. Fix. d. Helm. a. d. Darmwand ihrer Wirthe u. die dadurch verursachten path-anat. VerÄnderungen d. Wirthsdarmes,” Trans. of IVth Intern. Zool. Cong., Berlin, 1901; Mingazzini, P., “Ric. sul var. modo di fiss. delle tenie alla par. int. e sul loro assorbimento,” Ric. Lab. Anat. Roma e altri Lab. biol., vol.x, 1904; Shipley, A.E., and E.G. Fearnsides, “The Effects of Metazoan Parasites on their Hosts,” Journ. Econ. Biol., 1906, i, 2. 5 Moursson et Schlagdenhauffen, “Nouv. rech. clin. et phys. sur quelq. liquides organ.,” C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 1882, p.791; Debove, “De l’intox. hydat.,” Bull. et MÉm. Soc. mÉd. des HÔpit., 1888; Linstow, v., “Ueb. d. Giftgehalt d. helm.,”Internat. Monatsschr. f. Anat. u. Phys., xiii, 1896; Peiper, “Z. Symptomatol. der thier. Paras.,” Deutsche med. Wochenschr., 1897, No. 40; Mingazzini, P., “Ric. sul veleno d. elm. int.,” Rass. intern. d. med. modern. Ann., 1901, ii, No. 6; Vaullegeard, A., “Etud. exp. et crit. sur l’action d. helm.,” Bull. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, 1901, 5, Ser. T, vii, p.84, and others. 6 Die Geschichte der “Klinisch wichtigen Parasiten,” behandelt H. Vierordt im “Handb. d. Gesch. d. Med. hrsg.” v. M. Neuburger u. J. Pagel, Bd. ii, 1903. 7 Refer to the collected literature under Dibothriocephalus latus, and the reply to KÜchenmeister by Braun (“Ueber den Zwischenwirt des breit. Bandw.” WÜrzb.: Stuber, 1886). 8 However, in the Protozoa there are examples of hereditary transmission of parasites, e.g., in the case of Babesia (Piroplasma) bovis and Babesia canis in their invertebrate hosts (ticks); in Crithidia melophagia and Crithidia hyalommÆ; and in the case of SpirochÆta duttoni in its invertebrate host (a tick). 9 Independently of propagation, many protozoa protect themselves from death by encystment when the water in which they are living dries up; in this condition the wind may carry them over wide tracts of land. 10 “Amoebic Dysentery,” Johns Hopkins Hosp. Repts., ii, pp.395–548, 7 plates. 11 “On Amoeba blattae,” Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia (1879), xxxi, p.204. 12 “Entamoeba hominis s. Amoeba coli (LÖsch).” Annali d’Igiene speriment. (1897), vii, p. 103. See also further remarks on p.34. 13 Archiv f. Protistenkunde, xxiv, p.182. 14 Bull. Soc. Path. Exotique, v, p.135. 15 Lung abscesses generally arise by the bursting of a liver abscess through the diaphragm into the right lower lobe of the lung, sometimes also through conveyance of amoebÆ by means of the blood-stream (Banting). 16 These findings were confirmed by Schaudinn by means of investigations on cats and men. Cf. also Alfred Gross, Marchoux, P.G. Woolley, W.E. Musgrave, H.F. Harris and others. 18 “Life cycle of Amoeba coli in Human Body,” American Medicine, 1904, vii, p.299; viii, p. 185. 19 Arch. f. Protistenkunde (1911), xxiv, p.163. 20 See Darling, 1913, Arch. Intern. Med., vol.ii, pl.i, fig.3. 21 Bull. Soc. Med. et Chirurg. Indo-Chine, iv, p.474. 22 Centralbl. f. Bakter., Orig., lii, p.335. 23 Philip. Journ. Sc. (1911), B, vi, p.259. 24 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol. (1913), vii, p.321. 25 Brit. Med. Journ., Nov. 15, 1913, p.1287, and Journ. Lond. School Trop. Med., ii, p.27. 26 Noc, F. (1909), Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xxiii, p.177. 27 See Fantham, H.B. (1911), Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., v, p.111. 28 Centralbl. f. Bakter., Orig., lii, p.335. 29 Journ. of Med. Research, xxix, p.43. 30 Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc., lxiv, p.553. 31 “The Parasitic AmoebÆ of Man,” Lippincott, Philadelphia. 32 See Craig (1913), Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. and Prevent. Med., i, p.351. 33 Arch. de Parasitologie, i, p.275. 34 Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. and Prevent. Med., ii, p.256. 35 Schaudinn (1903), Arb. a. d. Kaiserl. Gesundh., xix, p.547. 36 To explain this discrepancy it is stated that the border of the undulating membrane can be detached in the form of an independent flagellum. But Parisi (1910) places such quadriflagellate forms in the sub-genus Tetratrichomonas, Arch. f. Protistenk., xix, p.232. 37 According to Marchand, the nucleus is connected with a line, which becomes visible on addition of acetic acid, terminates at the posterior extremity, and does not correspond to the line of insertion of the undulating membrane. This formation probably is the same as the axostyle in Trichomonas batrachorum, Perty. Blochmann (1884) also mentions two longitudinal rows of granules, which commence at the same place as the nucleus and converge posteriorly. 38 Under the term Cercomonas intestinalis, Lambl in different years has described two entirely distinct Flagellata, namely, in 1859 (“Mikr. Unters. d. Darm- Excrete,” Prag. Vierteljahrsschr. f. prakt. Hlkde., lxi, p.51; and Lambl, A. d. Franz-Josephs-Kinderspitale in Prag, Prag, 1860, i, p.360), a form that at the present day is termed Lamblia intestinalis; and in 1875 (in the Russian Medical Report, No. 33), a species identical with Cercomonas hominis, Dav. 39 Davaine, C., “Sur les anim. infus. trouv. dans les selles d. malad. atteints du cholera et d’autr. malad.,” C.R. Soc. Biol., 1854, ii, p.129. 40 For the present the following should be regarded as synonymous: Protoryxomyces coprinarius, Cunningham (Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. (2) 1880, xxi, p.234), (Zeitschr. f. Biol., 1882, viii, p.251). Monocercomonas hominis, Grassi, 1882. CimÆnomonas hominis, Grassi, 1882. Trichomonas hominis, Grassi, 1888. Cercomonas coli hominis, May (Deutsches Archiv. f. klin. med., 1891, xlix, p.51). Monocercomonas hominis, Epstein (Prag. med. Wochenschr. 1893, Nos. 38–40). Trichomonas confusa, Stiles (Zool. Anz., 1902, xxv, p.689). Trichomonas elongata, Trichomonas elliptica, Cohnheim (Deutsche med. Wochenschr., 1903, xxix, Nos. 12–14). Trichomonas elongata, Trichomonas caudata, Trichomonas flagellata, Steinberg (Kiewer Zeitschr. f. neuere Medicin, 1862). Trichomonas pulmonalis, A. Schmidt, (MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1895, No. 51), and St. Artault (Arch. de parasit. 1898, i, p. 279). 41 Brit. Journ. Children’s Diseases, x, p.60. 42 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vi, p.120. 43 Parasitology, iii, p.210. 44 Arch. f. Protistenk., xxxiv, p.1. 45 Bull. Soc. Med. Chirurg. Indo-Chine, v, p.55. 46 Arch. f. Protistenkunde, Suppl.i, p.169. 47 Lancet, 1859, ii, p.503. 48 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitology, vi, p.245. 49 Arch. f. Protistenk. xxii, p.370. 50 Geneesk. Tijdschr. v. Nederl. Ind., lii, p.659; Med. v. d. Burg. Geneesk. d. Nederl. Ind., iii, p.1. 51 Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz., ii, p.64. 52 Bull. Soc. Med. Chir. Indo-Chine, i, p.471. 53 Gruby’s generic name is generally accepted. Still others have been used, e.g., Undulina, Ray Lankester, Globularia Wedl, Paramecioides Grassi, Trypanomonas Danilewsky, HÆmatomonas Mitrophanow. 54 Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xxv, p.497. 55 Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg., viii, p.1. 56 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., viii, p.1. 57 Robertson (1912), Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxv, p.527. 58 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vii, p.27. 59 Phil. Trans., B (1913), cciii, pp.161–184. 60 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxiii, p.212. 61 C.R. Acad. Sci., 153, p.649. 62 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxiii, p.513. 63 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxvi, p.66. 64 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vi, p.331. 65 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxv, pp.156, 483. 66 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vii, p.339; viii, p.379. 67 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxiii, p.28. 68 Stephens and Fantham (1912–13), Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxv, p.223, and Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vii, p.27. 69 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., i, p.441. 70 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxiii, p.212. 71 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxii, p.411. 72 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., iv, p.417. 73 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxv, p.423. 74 C.R. Soc. Biol., lxxii, p.58. 75 C.R. Acad. Sci., 153, p.1,097. 76 C.R. Acad. Sci., 154, p.18. 77 C.R. Soc. Biol., lxxi, p.609. 78 C.R. Soc. Biol., lxxi, p.271. 79 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., v, pp.26, 241. 80 C.R. Acad. Sci., 154, p.18. 81 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., v, p.101. 82 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vii, p.183. 83 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vii, p.281. 84 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxvii, p.516. 86 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxvi, p.187. 87 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., i, p.159. 88 Brazil Medico, Nov. 15, 1910. Longer account in Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, iii, pp. 219–275. See Sleep. Sick. Bull., Nos. 35 and 40. 89 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, iii, p.276. 90 Rev. Med. S. Paulo (1912), xv, p.337. 91 “Protozoa,” p.294. 92 C.R. Acad. Sci., clv, p.658. 93 Parasitology, iii, p.360. 94 Arch. f. Protistenkunde, xxv, p.386. 95 Report to Advis. Comm. Trop. Dis. Research Fund for 1913, p.74. 96 Nuttall, Parasitology, v, p.275. 97 Report to Advis. Comm. Trop. Dis. Research Fund, October, 1912, p.91. See also Journ. Lond. Sch. Trop. Med., ii, p.119. 98 Centralbl. f. Bakt., Orig., lxi, p.102. 99 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxvii, p.526. 100 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxvi, p.187. 101 C.R. Acad. Sci., cxliv, p.243. 102 Philippine Journ. Sc. (Sect. B), vii, p.53. 103 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.196. 104 Brazil Medico, xxvii, p.366. 105 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxvii, p.89. 106 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., iii, p.381. 107 C.R. Soc. Biol., lxv, p.581. 108 Journ. Med. Research, xxxi, p.195. 109 See Bruce and colleagues (1910), Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxiii, p.15. 110 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxiii, p.176. 111 Repts. Sleeping Sickness Commission Roy. Soc. (1913), xiii, p.82. 112 Centralbl. f. Bakt. (1910), Orig., liii, p.303. 113 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., iv, p.233. 114 Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsforschung, iv, p.422 (1909), and v, p.337 (1910). 115 Arch. f. Protist., xiii, p.1. 116 Parasitology, ii, p.367. 117 Bull. Path. Exot., vi, p.254. 118 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxiv, p.505. 119 C.R. Acad. Sci., clvii, pp.423, 744. Ibid., clviii, pp.450, 770. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, 605. 120 Proc. Camb. Philosoph. Soc., xviii, p.39. 121 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vi, pp.156, 333, 377. 122 See Porter, Parasitology, iv, p.237. 123 The literature up to 1912, on kala-azar and other leishmaniases is reviewed in the Kala-azar Bulletin. Afterwards in the Tropical Diseases Bulletin. 124 For the composition of this medium, see Appendix. 125 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxvii, p.284. 126 Sci. Mem. Govt. India, Nos. 27, 31 (1907–08). 127 Parasitology, iv, p.387. 128 Sci. Mem. Govt. India, No. 50. 129 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.186. 130 Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Trop. Hyg., xvii, p.397. 131 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.272. 132 Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis, i, p.26. 133 See Wenyon (1914), Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg., vii, p.97; also Critien (1911), Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., v, p.37. 134 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.41. 135 Quoted by Leishman (1911) in his interesting review of Leishmaniasis, Journ. Roy. Army Med. Corps, xvii, p.567, xviii, pp.1, 125. Also Quart. Journ. Med. v, pp.109–152. 136 Numerous papers in Rendiconti R. Accad. dei Lincei (Rome), xix, xx (1910–11). 137 See Fantham, Brit. Med. Journ., 1912, ii, p.1196. 138 Annales Inst. Pasteur (1914–15), xxviii, pp.823, 885; xxix, pp.1, 71. 139 Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc., xlvi, p.1283: Journ. Exptl. Med. (1909), xi, p.515. 140 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vi, p.318. 141 Journ. Trop. Med. and Hyg., xvii, p.113. 142 Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., lii, p.1. 143 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxi, p.500. 144 Fantham, Parasitology, ii, p.392. 145 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxi, p.500. 146 Liverpool Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir xvii; Lancet, Nov. 30, 1907, p.1523. 147 Journ. Roy. Army Med. Corps, xii, p.123; Lancet (1910), clxxviii, p.11. 148 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., v, p.479. 149 Parasitology, iv, p.133. 150 Parasitology, iv, p.463. 151 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol. (1911), v, p.479. 152 Annales Inst. Pasteur, xxvii, pp.450, 620. 153 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., viii, p.471. 154 Brit. Med. Journ., Dec. 14, 1907, p.1706. 155 See also Nuttall, Herter Lecture on SpirochÆtosis, Parasitology, v, p.269. 156 C.R. Acad. Sci., cliv, p.1636; clv, p.481. 157 Journ. Exptl. Med., xvi, p.261. 158 Journ. Exptl. Med., xv, p.466. 159 Journ. Exptl. Med., xvi, p.202. 160 Ibid., p.205. 161 Ibid., p.205. 162 Ibid., p.208. 163 Ibid., p.620. 164 Brit. Med. Journ., Nov. 15, 1913. p.1, 271. 165 Journ. Exptl. Med., xv, p.90; xvi, p.211. 166 Journ. Exptl. Med., xv, p.201. 167 Journ. Exptl. Med., xvii, p.89. 168 Centralbl. f. Bakt., Orig., lxxii, p.107. 169 Journ. Exptl. Med., xv, p.81; xvi, p.194. 170 See Fantham (1908), Parasitology, i, p.369. 171 Notwithstanding the progress made during the last decades, the ova of helminthes and more particularly of trematodes, have been mistaken for Coccidia. Thus Poschinger (Zool. Anz., 1819, ix, p.471) and Gebhard (Virchow’s Arch., 1897, No. 147, p.536) mistook the ova of Distoma turgidum, Brds., for Coccidia. Podwyssotzki (Centralbl. f. allg. Path., 1890, i, p.135) made a similar error with the ova (and vitelline sacs) of a species of Prosthogonimus (Distoma ovatum of the authors); von Willach (Arch. f. wiss. u. prakt. Thierheilk., 1892, xviii, p.242) mistook the ova of a nematode for Coccidia. 172 The life-cycle given here is based on that of Eimeria (Coccidium) schubergi, after Schaudinn (1900). See “Untersuchungen Über den Generationswechsel bei Coccidien,” Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Anat., xiii, pp.197–292, 4 plates. 173 Arch. f. Protistenkunde (1911), xxii, p.71. 174 Fantham, H.B. (1910), “The Morphology and Life History of Eimeria (Coccidium) avium, a SporozoÖn causing a fatal disease among young Grouse,” Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1910, pp.672–691, 4 plates. Also Fantham, H.B. (1911), “Coccidiosis in British Game Birds and Poultry,” Journ. Econ. Biol., vi, pp.75–96. 175 Fantham, H.B. (1910), “Experimental Studies on Avian Coccidiosis, especially in relation to young Grouse, Fowls and Pigeons,” Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1910, pp.722–731, 1 plate. 176 For an account of the life-cycle of Eimeria stiedÆ consult Wasielewski, Th. von (1904), “Studien und Photogramme zur Kenntnis der pathogenen Protozoen,” Heft. 1 (Coccidia), 118 pp., 7 plates, Leipzig: J.A. Barth. Also, Metzner, R. (1903), Arch. f. Protistenk., ii, p.13. 177 Gubler, A., “Tumeurs du foie dÉterm. par des oeufs d’helm....” Mem. Soc. Biol., Paris, 1858, v, 2; and Gaz. med. de Paris, 1858, p.657; Leuckart, R., Die menschl. Paras., 1863, 1st edition, i, pp.49, 740. 178 Leuckart, R., Die menschl. Paras., 1863, 1st edition, i, p.740. 179 Leuckart, R., Die Paras. d. mensch., 1879, 2nd edition, p.281. 180 Leuckart, R., ibid., p.282. 181 Silcock, “A Case of Parasit. by Psorospermia,” Trans. Path. Soc., London, 1890, xli, p. 320. 182 Pianese has confirmed the fact that Coccidia actually occur in the blood of the hepatic veins of infected rabbits. 183 Die ei- u. kugelf. Psorosp. d. Wirbelt., 1870, p.16. 184 Railliet and Lucet, “Obs. s. quelq. Cocc. intest.,” C.R. Soc. Biol., Paris, 1890, p.660; Railliet, Trait. Zool. med. et agric., 2e Éd., 1895, p.140. 185 Arch. f. path. An., xviii, 1860, p.523. 186 Podwyssotzki, “Ueb. d. Bedeut. d. Coccid. in d. Path. Leber des Menschen,” Centralbl. f. Bakt., vi, 1889, p.41. 187 Thomas, J., “Case of Bone Formation in the Human Brain, due to the Presence of Coccidium oviforme,” Journal Boston Soc. Med. Sc., iii, 1899, p.167; Centralbl. f. Bakt. [I] xxviii, 1900, p.882. 188 “Notes on Paras.,” No. II, Journ. of Comp. Med. and Vet. Sci., 1892, xiii, p.517. 189 Arch. f. path. An., 1860, xviii, p.527. 190 Grunow, “Ein Fall von ProtozoËn (Coccidien?) Erkrankung des Darmes,” Arch. f. exper. Path. und Pharm., 1901, xlv, p.262. 191 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., iv, p.255. 192 Centralbl. f. Bakt., Orig., lxxi, p.66. 193 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.437. 194 Quinine is still almost exclusively the remedy used in the treatment of malaria. It is prepared from the bark of the cinchona tree. This important remedy was introduced into Europe in 1640 from Ecuador by Juan del Vego, physician of the Countess del Cinchon. 195 The discovery of Laveran is in no way lessened by the fact that one investigator or another (according to Blanchard [Arch. de Paras., vii, 1903, p.152], P.F.H. Klencke in 1843) had seen, mentioned and depicted malarial parasites. (Neue phys. Abhandl. auf. selbstÄnd. Beob. gegr., Leipzig, 1843, p.163, fig.25). In 1847 Meckel had recognized that the dark colour of the organs in persons dead of malaria was due to pigment. Virchow in 1848 stated that this pigment occurred in blood cells. Kelsch in 1875 recognized the frequency of melaniferous leucocytes in the blood of malarial patients. Beauperthuy (1853) noticed that in Guadeloupe there was no malaria at altitudes where there were no “insectes tipulaires,” and suggested that the disease was inoculated by insects. 196 Grassi, B. (1901), “Die Malaria,” 250 pp., 8 plates. G. Fischer, Jena. 197 It should be remembered that some authors (Laveran, Argutinsky, Panichi, Serra) argue against the intra-globular position of malarial parasites and state that they only adhere outwardly to the red blood corpuscles. These views have recently been revived by Mary Rowley-Lawson, and she states that the malarial parasite is “extracellular throughout its life-cycle and migrates from red corpuscle to red corpuscle destroying each before it abandons it.” (Journ. Exper. Med., 1914, xix, p.531.) 198 The incubation period, that is, the time between infection and the first attack of fever, is ten to fourteen days; with severe infection fewer days (minimum 5 to 6) are needed. 199 Schizonts ingested about the same time perish in the intestine of the mosquito. 200 If the microgametocytes are sufficiently mature the formation of microgametes occurs in the blood of man as soon as it is taken from the blood-vessel and has been cooled and diluted. Such a stage is called a Polymitus form, and the process has been called “exflagellation.” 201 See Schaudinn, F. (1902), Arb. a. d. kaiserl. Gesundheits., xix, pp.169–250, 3 plates. 202 The pigment masses (melanin or hÆmozoin) are taken up by the leucocytes, particularly the mononuclear ones, and are carried especially to the spleen, and also to the liver and the bone-marrow. From this circumstance arises the well-known pigmentation of the spleen in persons who have suffered from malaria. 203 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.385. 204 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxvii, p.77. 205 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., viii, p.85. 206 Journ. Exptl. Med., xvi, p.567. 207 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vi, p.449; vii, pp.153, 509. 208 Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg., vi, p.220. 209 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vii, p.621. 210 Arch. Inst. Bact. Camara Pestana, iii, p.11. 211 Parasitology, v (1912), p.65. 212 Nuttall and Graham-Smith, Journ. Hyg., vii, p.232. 213 “Piroplasmosis,” Herter Lectures, Parasitology, vi, p.302. 214 Sci. Mems. Govt. India, No. 29. 215 Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., li, p.297. 216 Sci. Mems. Govt. India, No. 29. 217 Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., 1, p.493. 218 Parasitology, ii, p.156. 219 Parasitology, ii, p.325; iii, p.117. 220 Zeitschr. f. Infekt. paras. Krankh. u. Hyg. d. Haustiere, viii, p.406. 221 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., iii, p.135. 222 Yellow Fever Bulletin, i, p.251. 223 C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, xcv, p.1168. 224 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vi, pp.145–214, 3 pls. 225 C.R. Soc. Biol., lxviii, p.997. 226 Centralbl. f. Bakt., Orig., xlvii, p.612; see also xlvii, p.56; lv, p.373. 227 Journ. Exptl. Med., xii, p.19. 228 Sitz. Gesell. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, p.377. 229 Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., xi, p.152. 230 Science, xxxvii, p.498. 231 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, May, 1914, p.432. 232 Proc. Cambr. Philosoph. Soc., xvii, p.221. 233 “Ueb. d. hyg. Bdtg. d. Gregarinen,” Dtsche. Ztschr. f. Staatsarzneikunde, 1868, xxvi, p. 326. 234 “Ein Befund von Psorosp. in Herzmusk d. Menschen,” Ztschr. f. Hygiene, 1892, xi, p. 435. 235 Kartulis, “Ueb. pathog. Protoz. b. Menschen,” Ztschr. f. Hyg. u. Inf., 1893, xiii, p.1. Compare also Braun, M., Die Thier. Par. d. Mensch., 2nd Edit., Wrzbg., 1895, p.92; Braun, M., “Z. Vork. d. Sarcosp., b. Menschen,” Centralbl. f. Bakt. 1895, xviii, p.13. 236 “Sur un cas de Tub. Psorosp. ob. chez l’homme,” C.R. Soc. Biol., Paris, 1894 (x), I, p. 201. “Le Parasitisme d. Sarcosp. chez l’homme,” Bibliogr. Anat. 1894, p.79. 237 Arch. Internal Med., III, p.183. 238 Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., li, p.81. 239 See Fantham, Brit. Assoc. Reports, 1907, p.553. 240 Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., xlix, p.521. 241 Journ. Pathol. and Bacteriol., xi, p.270; and Brit. Med. Journ., Nov. 16, 1907, p.1402. 242 New York Med. Journ., December 21, 1907, p.1149. 243 La Ciencia Medica (Buenos Ayres), 1912. 244 Lancet, September 3, 1910, p.726. 245 It may be stated that numerous peculiarly shaped species live in the stomach of ruminants, others in the colon of horses. Several species are found in the rectum of frogs and toads; others, again, on the surface of the bodies of fishes; and various other species exist in and on the bodies of invertebrate animals. 246 Bronn’s Cl. u. Ordn. d. Thierr., i, Protozoa, Part 3, Infusoria. 247 According to Gourvitch (“Bal. coli. Darmk. d. Menschen,” Russ. Arch. f. Path., klin. med. u. Bact., Petrograd, 1896), the conjugated Balantidia are supposed to fuse with each other and form oval cysts two or three times the size of the free organisms, and to divide into numerous globules within the cystic membrane; the process, however, has hitherto not been confirmed. The supposed Balantidium cysts appeared in two patients who were simultaneously suffering from Dibothriocephalus latus, after the administration of anthelminthics. It therefore seems, according to the description, that in reality these forms were actually abnormally large, possibly swollen, young eggs of the tape-worm mentioned. 248 Centralbl. f. Bakt., Orig., xlvii, p.351. 249 Philip. Jl. Sc., Sec. B, viii, p.333. 250 Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde, 3rd ed., p.963. 251 For a detailed account of the Chlamydozoa see Prowazek’s Handbuch der Pathogenen Protozoen, Bd. i (1911–12). Leipzig, J.A. Barth. 252 Journ. Exptl. Med., xviii, p.314. 253 Idem, p.572. 254 This grouping goes back to the year 1800, and was made by J.G.H. Zeder, a physician and helminthologist of Forchheim, who divided the helminths, which until 1851 were generally regarded as a special class of animals, into the groups of round, hook, sucker, tape and bladder worms, as which they are recognized up to the present time. In 1809, K.A. Rudolphi gave them the names Nematodes, Acanthocephali, Trematodes, Cestodes and Cystici. 255 A sucker or acetabulum (little cup) is a round, cup-shaped muscular organ, the muscles of which are sharply defined from those of the body. 256 Nematobothrium filarina, van Bened., on the branchial chamber of the Tunny. 257 The following conditions represent deviations from this type: (1) In Gasterostomum the oral aperture is situated in the middle of the ventral surface, and occasionally is even nearer to the posterior than to the anterior end. There is no proper oral sucker, but the pharynx is thus termed. (2) A few genera, such as Gasterostomum, Aspidogaster, Diplozoon, etc., have only one intestinal diverticulum, which is undoubtedly to be taken as representing the primitive condition, as it is also often found in the young stages of the Trematoda. (3) The branches of the intestines are curved and united behind (several TristomidÆ and MonostomidÆ), while in Polystomum integerrimum (in the bladder of frogs) there are several commissures between the intestinal branches, and in the SchistosomidÆ the united intestinal branches proceed as one channel towards the posterior end. (4) The termination of the two intestinal branches is not always on a level; they are therefore of different lengths. (5) When the oesophagus is very long the intestinal branches extend both forward and backward, so that the gut exhibits the form of an H. (6) In the broad and flat species the gut-forks form diverticula mostly externally but also internally; these again may branch (fig.139). (7) In a few cases (Nematobothrium, Didymozoon) the intestine completely disappears up to the pharynx. 258 The following description relates in the main to the Distomata. 259 The following description relates mainly to the Distomata. 260 The typical position of the genitalia is subject to many deviations, which are of importance in the differentiation of the genera and families. The following are some few of these deviations: (1) The genital pore remains on the ventral surface, but is situated beside or behind the ventral sucker, or it becomes marginal, and is then found in front of or beside the oral sucker, or at a lateral edge, or, finally, in the centre of the posterior border; the ducts also correspondingly alter their direction. (2) The ovary usually lies in front of the testes, not rarely, however, behind them or between them. (3) The three genital glands mostly lie together close in front of, or behind, the centre of the body; they may be moved far back, and may incidentally become separated one from the other. (4) The vitellarium may be single, in which case it then may lie in the central field. (5) A few forms possess but one, others several or numerous testes. Amongst the ectoparasitic trematodes there are also species with but one testis; but they mostly have several. As a rule, their uterus is short, but the oÖtype well developed. Special canals (vagina), single or double, are used for copulation, not the uterus. The vitelline ducts also communicate with the intestine through the canalis vitello-intestinalis (fig.123). 261 Monogenea: Trematoda in which the anterior sucker, if present, is double. Development without an intermediate host. 262 [Recent work (e.g., Goldschmidt, Zool. Anzeiger, xxxiv, p.482) has shown that the older views regarding the formation of the egg must be modified. In certain species, at any rate, the shell material is formed by the yellow droplets of the yolk glands and not by the so-called shell gland (Mehli’s gland) secretion, which is clear and watery. The function of this secretion accordingly still requires explanation; according to Looss it serves as a covering secretion for the egg-shell proper. It appears also that other granules, the yolk granules as distinct from the shell drop granules, are not always used up during the development of the embryo and hence do not function as yolk, so these also when they exist, and frequently they are wanting, must serve some other purpose, possibly that of imbibing water for the use of the embryo.—J.W.W.S.] 263 Holostomata: Prostomata with (in addition to the oral and ventral suckers) a third fixation apparatus, generally on a separate part of the body. 264 [Also known as ciliated embryos.—F.V.T.] 265 [In Fasciola hepatica in the summer months the rediÆ give rise to daughter rediÆ, which then give rise to cercariÆ.—J.W.W.S.] 266 The cercaria is the characteristic larval stage of the Trematodes, and corresponds to a cysticercus or cysticercoid, though there is the important difference that the cercaria has an enteric cavity. According to some observers the enteron is represented by the frontal sucker of some Cestodes, and by the rostellum of the majority of others. The sporocyst and redia are regarded as intercalated stages, viz., as cercariÆ exhibiting pÆdogenesis, i.e., development of young by a parthenogenetic process from individuals (i.e., cercariÆ) not yet adult. 267 Leiper places this species in a new genus Gastrodiscoides. Genus Gastrodiscoides, Leiper, 1913, distinguished from Gastrodiscus by: (1) large genital cone; (2) position of genital orifice; (3) disc without papillÆ; (4) testes one behind the other. 268 [There does not seem to be any direct evidence of either rabbits or hares normally being invaded by this fluke.—F.V.T.] 269 [This is not the case in Great Britain; fluky sheep are sent to market, there being no danger to man from eating the flesh.—F.V.T.] 270 As an example, this occurred in Berlin in the case of 19,034 oxen, 15,542 sheep, 1,704 pigs, and 160 calves in the period of 1883–1893; during which time 719,157 oxen, 1,519,003 sheep, 2,258,110 pigs, and 567,964 calves were slaughtered. As a matter of fact, however, the number of infected beasts was really larger. 271 In the English translation of KÜchenmeister’s work on Parasitology (London, 1857). The specimen is preserved in the Hunterian Museum, London, and is an adult liver fluke, measuring 18mm. in length and 7mm. in breadth. 272 This species from Canis fulvus was for long thought to be the same as that here described as Amphimerus noverca. It probably does not belong to the genus Metorchis. 273 In the genus Tocotrema the common genital duct opens into the ventral sucker. 274 It is noteworthy that in this almost classical case no worms were found in any of the sections. It is further noteworthy that the eggs in the rectum showed great irregularity of form. Eggs with a spine at each end were not uncommon; exceptionally eggs with two polar spines and one lateral. 275 In a case from Madras, recorded by Stephens and Christophers, the eggs were long and spindle-shaped, quite unlike the eggs of Schistosoma hÆmatobium. 276 They may remain simple, and are then not separated from the remaining muscles of the scolex; or they project as roundish or elongated structures over the scolex, hollow on their free surface, and often divided into numerous areas by muscular transverse ribs. They may also carry accessory suckers on their surface. 277 The various parts of a hooklet are thus named from the point backwards: (1) blade or prong, (2) guard or ventral or posterior root, (3) handle or dorsal or anterior root. 278 There are, however, tapeworms with only one, others with only two or three testes in each segment. 279 I.e., regarded from the interior or centre of the invagination. 280 Bothridia or “phyllidia” are outgrowths from the scolex. They are concave and extremely mobile. By some authors the term “phyllidium” is used for the outgrowth, and the term “bothridium” is restricted to the muscular cup. Bothria, on the other hand, are grooves more or less wide, the musculature of which is only slightly developed and is not separated off internally from the parenchyma. Acetabula, or suckers in the usual sense, are hemispherical cups, without lips and with musculature separated internally from the parenchyma. 281 Until recently this worm, which was understood to belong to a separate species, was proved on examination by R. Blanchard (“Mai. Par.,” 1896), to be Dibothriocephalus latus. Compare also Galli-Valerio, in Centralbl. f. Bakt., Path. und Infektionskr., 1900 (1), xxvii, p.308. 282 The genus is by some authors divided into two sub-genera—Hymenolepis, s. str., and DrepanidotÆnia, Raill. DrepanidotÆnia.—Body, broad lanceolate, testes three, female genitalia antiporal beside the testes. Scolex small, with eight hooks. Neck very short, longitudinal muscle bundles very numerous. No accessory sac opening into genital atrium. Hymenolepis.—Narrow, female genitalia ventral to or between testes. 283 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1911, p.9. 284 A third cysticercoid resembling this, but without hooks, has also been found. 285 [The larval stage of the Davaineas occurs in slugs (Limax) and snails (Helix).—F.V.T.] 286 The Greeks termed the tapeworms ?????e? p?ate?a?, more rarely ????a (= fascia); the Romans called them tÆnia, tinea, tÆniola, later lumbrici, usually with the addition lati, to distinguish them from the Lumbrici teretes (AscaridÆ). The proglottids were called Vermes cucurbitini; the cysticerci ???a?a? (hailstones), later hydatids. Plater (1602) was the first to differentiate TÆnia intestinorum (= Bothriocephalus latus) amongst the Lumbrici lati of man from TÆnia longissima (= TÆnia solium). The term solium was already used by Arnoldus Villanovanus, who lived about 1300; and, according to him, it signifies “cingulum” (belt, chain), while N. Andry, in 1700, traces this word from “solus,” because the worm occurs always singly in man. Leuckart and Krehl derive the word “solium” from the Syrian “schuschl” (the chain), which in Arabian has become “susl” or “sosl,” and in Latin has become “sol-ium.” What LinnÆus described under the term TÆnia solium was really TÆnia saginata; the latter was first distinguished by Goeze, but was forgotten until KÜchenmeister, in 1852, again called attention to the differences. 287 The larvÆ which on rare occasions are found in the muscular system of sheep are either strayed specimens of Cysticercus tenuicollis, which normally develop in organs of the abdominal cavity, and appertain to TÆnia marginata of the dog, or actually Cysticercus cellulosÆ. (Cf. Bongert, in Zeitschr. f. Fleisch- u. Milchhyg., 1899, ix, p.86.) 288 According to Gerlach only young pigs (up to 6 months old) are capable of infection, and perhaps the failure may have been due to the animals chosen for experiment being of the wrong age. 289 Dressel, for instance, examined eighty-seven persons suffering from cysticercus, and found it seventy-two times in the brain, thirteen times in the muscles; K. MÜller, in thirty-six cases, found it twenty-one times in the brain, twelve times in the muscles, three times in the heart; Haugg, in twenty-five cases, found it thirteen times in the brain, six times in the muscles, twice in the skin, etc. According to Graefe, amongst 1,000 ophthalmic cases in Halle and Berlin, there was one with cysticercus in the eye; in Stuttgart there was only one in 4,000, in Paris one in 6,000, and in Copenhagen one in 8,000. 290 The diagnosis as a rule is not difficult; the patients themselves frequently observe the pumpkin seed-like segments in the fÆces. But in such cases the diagnosis must still be confirmed. In other cases the discovery of the oncospheres in their embryonal shells (embryophores), which cannot be confounded with the other constituents of the fÆces, gives complete certainty, although the differential diagnosis between T. solium and T. saginata is hardly possible from the embryophores; but, if evacuated segments are placed between two slides and lightly pressed, the species is easily recognizable by the shape of the uterus (cf. figs.239 and 241). 291 Abnormal migrations of this species have also been known. Compare, amongst others, Stieda, A., “Durchbohr. d. Duod. u. d. Pancreas durch eine TÆnia,” Centralbl. f. Bakt., Path. und Infektionsk., 1900, xxviii (1), p.430. 292 In Iceland 28 per cent. of the dogs are infected with this TÆnia, in Lyons 7·1 per cent., in Zurich 3·9 per cent., in Berlin 1 per cent., and in Copenhagen 0·4 per cent. In Australia even 40 to 50 per cent. of the dogs are affected. It is, however, a question whether, in addition to TÆnia echinococcus, a second analogous form is not involved, as the form from Canis dingo attains a length of 10 to 30mm. 293 Mosler, F., “Ueb. Mittel z. Bekampfg. endem. vork. Echinococcuskrank.,” Deutsch. med. Zeit., 1889, No. 72. 294 In such cases the toxic effects of the echinococcus fluid usually—if not always—manifest themselves. Such effects are manifested by severe symptoms of poisoning being set up, by urticaria, peritonitis, and ascites, and not infrequently they cause a fatal termination. 295 According to Perroncito the scolices had not formed proglottids nine days after feeding, but the latter were present twenty-four days after feeding, although the formation of eggs had not begun. 296 This may perhaps be explained by the fact that the hosts are slaughtered before the parasites have attained the size or other conditions necessary to disintegration. 297 In the AscaridÆ isolated epidermal cells grow to a considerable size, and have to do with the sensory apparatus of the lips (Goldschmidt). 298 In Ankylostomes according to Looss these cells have no glandular function, but are ligaments. 299 As a case published by Teissier shows, they may also abnormally appear in the blood (Arch. mÉd. expÉr. et d’An. path., 1895, vii, p.675). 300 The larvÆ resemble those of Cucullanus elegans parasitic in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). The larvÆ of this species develop in Cyclops sp. Fedschenko in 1870, at Leuckart’s suggestion, succeeded in observing the invasion of Cyclops by Guinea worm larvae. They penetrate not per os but through the exoskeleton. Newly hatched larvÆ (in bananas) will cause infection of monkeys. 301 C.W. Stiles (“American Medicine,” 1905, ix, p.682) is of the opinion that Salisbury’s Trichina cystica is identical with Oxyuris vermicularis. 302 For determining periodicity measured quantities of blood, e.g.., 20 mm.3, should be used. A thick film is made of the whole quantity. The numbers present in this quantity may vary from three or four to 300 or 400. 303 [Acetic alcohol does well for detecting crescents in thick films of malaria blood.—J. W.W.S.] 304 TrichinellÆ that are unable to penetrate into muscular fibres invariably die, no matter where else they settle; their occurrence in the adipose tissue is disputed, but is still possibly correct, as bundles of muscles are present in the fat of bacon. The TrichinellÆ do not settle in heart muscle, although they may reach it in cases of heavy infection; they then die or wander into the pericardium, and eventually into the heart cavities. 305 It is still a matter of dispute and can hardly be definitely settled whether TrichinellÆ were brought to Europe by the sewer rats which invaded Europe at the end of the eighteenth century, or whether they were imported with the Chinese pig in 1820 or 1830, when it was introduced into England and Germany to cross with the native breeds, or whether finally TrichinellÆ are also indigenous to Europe. 306 For instance, extensive epidemics occurred in HettstÄdt in 1863 (160 patients, 28 deaths); Hanover, 1864–1865 (more than 300 patients); Hadersleben, 1865 (337 patients, 101 deaths); Potsdam, 1866 (164 patients); Greifswald, 1866 (140 cases, 1 death); Magdeburg, 1866 (240 cases, 16 deaths); Halberstadt, 1867 (100 cases, 20 deaths); Stassfurt, 1869 (over 100 cases); Wernigerode, 1873 (100 cases, 1 death); Chemnitz (194 cases, 3 deaths); Linden, 1874 (400 cases, 140 deaths); Niederzwohren, near Cassel, 1877 (half the population); Diedenhofen, 1877 (99 cases, 10 deaths); Leipzig, 1877 (134 cases, 2 deaths); Ernsleben, 1883 (403 cases, 66 deaths); Strenz-Neuendorf, 1884 (86 cases, 12 deaths), etc. According to Johne, 109 epidemics, with 3,402 cases and 79 deaths, occurred in Saxony between 1860 and 1889. Stiles, in a work recently published, states that there were 8,491 cases of trichinosis with 513 deaths (6·04 per cent.) in Germany from 1860 to 1880; and 6,329 cases and 318 deaths (5·02 per cent.) between 1881–1898. Of these latter, 1881–1898, 3,822 (225 deaths) occurred in Prussia, 1,634 (76 deaths) in Saxony, and 873 (17 deaths) in the remaining states. There is, however, no doubt that many deaths from trichinosis were not recognized, as proved by experience at post-mortems. 307 Convergent: i.e., the uteri are parallel, converging from the anterior part of body to the vagina, which is near the anus, this position being associated with convergence of the uteri. Divergent: Uteri run anterior and posterior, diverging from the vagina, which in this case is near middle of body. 308 For nomenclature of rays vide p.449. 309 The reports of the city inspection of meat in Berlin state that StrongylidÆ in the lungs of pigs are by no means rare; therefore the lungs of 1,941 pigs were condemned between 1885–1886, of 1,641 between 1886–1887, of 3,237 between 1887–1888, of 4,855 between 1888–1889, of 7,197 between 1889–1890, and of 5,574 pigs between 1890–1891, etc. Ostertag found Strongylus apri in 60 per cent. of the pigs examined in the Berlin abattoir; Meyer, in Leipzig, found the parasite in 15 per cent. of the native pigs and in 52 per cent. of the Hungarian pigs. 310 Dictyocaulus is parasitic in the bronchi. 311 When the anterior ray is double, the branches of it are called antero-anterior and latero-anterior. 312 Identical with T. colubriformis of the sheep according to Leiper. If so, this latter name has priority. 313 Triodontophorus belongs to the group CylicostomeÆ, which has the following bursal formula: (1) anterior cleft, (2) median double, (3) postero-external and posterior arising separately, (4) posterior double, each branch giving off two lateral branches. 314 I.e., with a distinct space between the limbs. 315 Strongylus (Syn.: Sclerostomum) differs slightly in its posterior ray from the other genera of the group. Each bifurcation is trifurcate rather than tridigitate. 317 This also occurs in other StrongylidÆ, e.g., in the genus Strongylus (Syn.: Sclerostomum). 318 Table of Differences between LarvÆ of A. duodenale AND S. stercoralis.
319 Moults take place by the formation of a new skin below the old one, the two being in close apposition at first. 320 From the number of eggs present in a given quantity of fÆces, the number of female Ancylostomes present in the gut can be reckoned by a formula of Leichtenstern’s (x = a/47, in which a signifies the number of eggs counted in a single gramme of fÆces). 321 [In most Arthropoda the skin is hardened by a deposit of chitin (Hexapoda, etc.).—F.V.T.] 322 Parasitic or free-living Crustaceans may now and then invade man abnormally. Thus, according to Betten, Caligus curtus invade the cornea (Betten, R.A., “Par. Crust. as a Foreign Body on the Cornea,” Lancet, 1900, i, p.1002; and Centralbl. f. Bakt. u. Par., xxix, p.506). According to LaboulbÈne, also Gammarus pulex (LaboulbÈne, A., “Obs. d’accid. caus. par le G. pul. apport. avec l’eau de boison dans l’estomac d’un homme,” Bull. Acad. mÉd., 1898, p.21). 323 R. Blanchard has compiled thirty-five cases in which Myriapoda have been observed in the intestine as well as in the nose of human beings (“Sur le pseudopar. d. myriap. chez l’homme,” Arch. de Par., 1898, i, p.452). E. Munoz Ramos reports an additional case (ibid., p.491). A few years ago a doctor in East Prussia sent me a rain worm out of a lady’s nose (cf. Hanau, A., “Wahrsch. Pseudo-paras. v. Schmeissfliegenlarv. u. angebl. Paras. v. RegenwÜrmern b. einer Hysterischen,” Arch. de Par., 1899, ii, p.23). 324 [This is only so in the Acarina or mites, not in the Araneida or spiders.—F.V.T.] 325 [The true character of the Arachnoidea is the presence of four pairs of ambulatory appendages. This number is reduced to two pairs in the gall-making PhytoptidÆ, and they differ from all other Arthropoda in having no antennÆ.—F.V.T.] 326 Twelve orders are now recognized, as follows: Pentastomida or Linguatulids; Tardigrada or bear-animalcules; PhalangidÆ or harvest-men; Acarina or ticks and mites; Palpigradi; SolifugÆ; Pseudoscorpionidea or book mites; Pedipalpi or false scorpions; Scorpionidea or true scorpions; Araneida or spiders; Xiphosura or king crabs; and Pycnogonida, marine Arachnoids. 327 Chelifer cancroides has also been observed as a pseudoparasite in man (Arnault de Very, S., “Pseudopar. du. Chel. cancr. chez l’homme,” Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol., 1901, liii, p.105). 328 [The chelicerÆ are sometimes regarded as modified antennÆ, but it is more natural to regard them as the morphological equivalent of the mandibles of Hexapoda.—F.V.T.] 329 [The pedipalpi, or second pair of jaws, consist of a stout basal segment and a palp, which may have the appearance of a leg in Arachnida; this may end with or without a claw, or with a chela (scorpions); they may also form a tube enclosing the styliform chelicerÆ (mites).—F.V.T.] 330 [Acarina are also found living upon trees, feeding upon other Arthropods and also upon spores of lichen and fungi (OribatidÆ or beetle mites); they also swarm indoors amongst stores and provisions (TyroglyphidÆ and Glyciphagi, household, sugar and cheese mites). This order is very important, as many are parasites upon man, his domestic animals and his cultivated plants, and attack his provisions and stores. Some live on blood, and in some of the ticks distribute various protozoal and other blood parasites and germs.—F.V.T.] 331 [Some have seven segments to the legs.—F.V.T.] 332 [This minute parasite is especially obnoxious in barley fields. In walking over barley stubble one is sure to be attacked by this Acarus in many districts. Trombidium is often very prevalent in gardens, especially along rows of peas, and in spring they may be found on fruit trees and bushes. Nut-pickers are frequently attacked by Leptus, and also pickers in other fruit plantations. It is often called the harvest mite.—F.V.T.] 333 Lemaire, “Import. en France du tlalsahuate,” Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 1867, lxv, p.215. 334 [This species is also known as Bicho colorado. It spins a web under the lower surface of the leaves, and it is only from December to February that it attacks warm-blooded animals and man.—F.V.T.] 335 [There is something wrong here, probably in the identification. T. telarius is purely a plant-feeder, and it is extremely unlikely a variety would attack man. Anyhow, it will not do so in Great Britain.—F.V.T.] 336 This has been proved in Uganda—so-called tick fever in man. 337 Some ticks require only one (R. decoloratus), others two (R. evertsi), and some three hosts (R. appendiculatus) in order to reach maturity. 338 Ixodes reduvius and I. ricinus are synonymous. [The above should read Ixodes ricinus, Latreille, 1806.—F.V.T.] 339 Neumann, G.L., “Rev. de la fam. des Ixodides,” III MÉm. Soc. Zool. France, 1899, xii, p.129. 340 Neumann, G.L., loc. cit., p.205. 341 Morgan, “Ticks and Texas Fever,” Louisiana State Bull. 55, pp.134, 135, pl. 59. 342 Neumann, G.L., loc. cit., p.285; Ronsisvalle, “Sui fenomeni morb. prodotti nel uomo da un Ixodide denominato Hyal. Æg.,” Boll. Acc. Gioenia sci. nat., 1891, xvii. 343 Neumann, G.L., “Rev. de la fam. des Ixodides,” MÉm. Soc. Zool. France, 1897, x, p.360. 344 Ann. Trop. Med. and Par., 1909, iii, No. 4. 345 Neumann, G.L., loc. cit., 1897, p.385. 346 “Report of Government Entomologist, Cape of Good Hope, for 1899,” 1900, p.33. 347 “Fourth Report Wellcome Res. Labs.,” 1911, p.128. 348 “A System of Medicine,” Allbutt and Rolleston, i, pt. 2, p.195. 349 “Fourth Report Wellcome Res. Labs.,” 1911, B, p.129. 350 Cooper and Busk’s Micros. Journ., 1842, and “Economic Entomology,” Murray, p. 280. 351 Dalgetty, A.B., “Water-itch; or Sore Feet of Coolies,” Journ. Trop. Med., 1901, iv, p.73. 352 Trouessart, E.R., Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 1900, lii, pp.742–744, 893, 894; Arch. de Par., 1902, v, pp.449–459. 353 [This mite produces the so-called “black muzzle” of sheep.—F.V.T.] 354 [This mite causes what we know in England as red mange in dogs.—F.V.T.] 355 What are designated as stigmata in the Linguatulides are the orifices of sebaceous glands. 356 Synonymy given by Sambon: Adult form, TÉnia lanceolÉ, Chabert, 1787; Ver rhinaire, Chabert, 1787; TÆnia rhinaris, Pilger, 1805; TÆnia lanceolata, Rudolphi, 1805; Cochlus rhinarius, Rudolphi, 1805; Prionoderma rhinaria, Rudolphi, 1808; Polystoma tÆnioides, Rudolphi, 1809; Linguatula tÆnioides, Lamark, 1816; Prionoderma lanceolata, Cuvier, 1817; Pentastoma tÆnioides, Rudolphi, 1819; Linguatula lanceolata, de Blainville, 1828; Linguatula rhinaris, Railliet, 1885; Linguatula caprina, R. Blanchard, 1900. Nymphal form: Linguatula serrata, FrÖlich, 1789; TÆnia caprÆa, Abildgaard, 1789; TÆnia caprina, Gmelin, 1800; Polystoma serrata, Goeze, 1800; Halysis caprina, Zeder, 1803; Linguatula denticulata, Rudolphi, 1805; Echinorhynchus capreÆ, Braun, 1809; Tetragulus capriÆ, Bosc, 1810; Pentastoma denticulatum, Rudolphi, 1819; Pentastoma emarginatum, Rudolphi, 1819; Pentastoma fera, Creplin, 1829; Linguatula ferox, Gros, 1849. 357 Adult form as Linguatula armillata, Wyman, 1847; Pentastomum polyzonum, Hailey, 1856; Pentastomum armillatum, Leuckart, 1860; Pentastomum armillatum, Diesing, 1864; Porocephalus armillatus, Stiles, 1893; Porocephalus polyzonus, Stiles, 1893; Porocephalus moniliformis, Neumann (in part), 1899. Nymphal form: Linguatula diesingii, van Beneden, 1849; Pentastomum euryzonum, Diesing, 1850; Nematoideum hominis, Diesing, 1851; Pentastomum constrictum, von Siebold, 1852; Linguatula constricta, KÜchenmeister, 1855; Pentastoma leonis, Wedl., 1863; Pentastoma fornatum, Cobbold, 1879; Pentastomum protelis, Hoyle, 1883; Porocephalus constrictus, Stiles, 1893; Linguatula constrictor, Galli-Valerio, 1896; Pentastomum diesingii, Shipley, 1898. 358 The synonymy is as follows:—Adult form: Pentastoma moniliforme, Diesing, 1835; Linguatule moniliforme, MÉgnin, 1880; Porocephalus moniliformis, Stiles. Nymphal form: Pentastoma fornatum, Creplin (in part), 1849; Pentastoma wedlii, Cobbold, 1866; Pentastoma aonycis, Macalister, 1874; Porocephalus armillatus, Stiles (in part), 1908. 359 [The mandibles are only powerful masticatory organs in biting-mouthed insects (Mandibulata); in the sucking or piercing-mouthed insects they may be absent, or in the form of needle-like stylets (Haustellata).—F.V.T.] 360 [As in the order Aptera, which includes the Thysanura and Collembola, and also exceptions in other orders, as the fleas amongst Diptera, the Mutillus and ants amongst Hymenoptera.—F.V.T.] 361 [Usually known as Hemiptera. There are two sub-orders, Heteroptera and Homoptera. The former have the base of the front wings coriaceous; the latter have all four wings membranous. The Homoptera are Aphides or plant lice and scale insects (CoccidÆ), none of which attack man. Recently an interesting case has been reported to me where certain Aphides had been passed in human urine. One species was Rhopalosiphum dianthi, the other found in the urine was the hop aphis (Phorodon humuli). I cannot believe, however, that they had been actually passed, in spite of the case being reported by a medical man.—F.V.T.] 362 “Household Insects,” Howard and Marlatt, Bull. 4 (N.S.), U.S. Dept. Agric., 1896, p.37. 363 Indian Med. Gaz., February, 1907, xlii, No. 2. 364 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 1910, 2, fasc. 2, pp.206–212. 365 “Household Insects,” p.42. 366 [First Report Econ. Zool., 1903, p.130.—F.V.T.] 367 Charles Darwin, “A Naturalist’s Voyage” (Voyage of the Beagle), 1888, p.330. 368 “Text-book of Entomology,” 1885, p.205. 369 “The Big Bed Bug of the Far West,” Bull. 18 (N.S.), U.S. Dept. Agric., 1898, p.101. 370 “Insects to which the name ‘Kissing-bug’ became applied during the summer of 1899,” Bull. 22 (N.S.), U.S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p.24. 371 American Entomologist, 1869, i, pp.84–88. 372 R. Blanchard, “Sur la PiqÛre de quelques HÉmiptÈres,” Arch, de Par., 1902, p.145. 373 “So-called Spider-bites and their Treatment,” Therap. Gaz., February 19, 1875. 374 Bull. Ent. Res., 1910, i, pt. 3, p.227. 375 Ibid., 1911, ii, pt. 2, p.180. 376 [Dr. Daniels has sent me a small coleopterous larva found in an abscess on a man in British Guiana.—F.V.T.] 377 Bull. Ent. Res., 1911, i, pt. 2, p.92. 378 “Report United States Public Health, 1909,” xxiv, No. 29. 379 [This is by no means always the case; in the genera Deinocerites, Wyeomyia, Limatus, Theobald, and in Sabethes, Robineau Desvoidy, they are nearly the same in both sexes.—F.V.T.] 380 [This is not always the case, vide previous note.—F.V.T.] 381 [This is only so in Anophelina and in the genus Theobaldinella, Neveu-Lemaire, Grabhamia, Theobald, Acartomyia, Theobald, etc. In true Culex and many other genera the male palpi are pointed.—F.V.T.] 382 [This is certainly not always the case.—F.V.T.] 383 Compare Ficalbi, E., “Venti spec. di zanzare (CulicidÆ) ital...,” Bull. Soc. ent. ital., 1899, xxxi; abstracted in Centralbl. f. Bakt., Par. u. Infektionsk., 1900, xxviii, p.397. 384 Both males and females may be kept alive in captivity for a long time if given fruits, or even only sugar and water. 385 The act of copulation in many species is now known. The female Culex has three receptaculÆ seminalis, while the female Anopheles has one receptaculum seminis. 386 It is certain that the females perish immediately after depositing the ova; but this does not always hold good, as a part of them survive for a few days. The males die soon after copulation. 387 “Wald Mosquitoes und Wald Malaria,” Dr. Lutz, Centralbl. f. Bakt., Par., u. Infektionsk., i Abt. Orig., xxxiii, No. 4. 388 Information sent me by Dr. Grabham shows this statement to be not quite correct, as the frontal hairs may vary in different stages of the same larva. This he has shown in Cellia albipes, Theob., and I have noticed it in a Nyssorhynchus from Africa. 389 Heart-shaped scales occur on the wings of Etiorleptiomyia. 390 The following genera of Anophelites have been founded by James†:— † Records of Indian Museum, 1910, iv, No. 5, p.98. (1) Abdomen with hairs but no scales. Thorax with dorsum with long narrow curved scales, which form on the anterior promontory a thick bunch projecting over the neck. Prothoracic lobes with a tuft of rather broad true scales, upright forked scales of head of usual broad expanding type: Patagiamyia, James. Includes Gigas, Giles, and Lindesayi, Giles. Both seem to me typical Anopheles. (2) Abdomen as above; Thorax very similar. Prothoracic lobes with hairs, no scales. Upright forked scales of head rod-shaped: Neostethopheles, James. Includes Atkenii, James; Immaculatus, Theobald; Culiciformis, James and Liston. These seem to me to be true Anopheles. (3) Abdomen with hairs and scales on dorsum of each segment; ventrally there are six scaly tufts on the apices of six segments. Thorax with scales and a tuft of outstanding ones on prothoracic lobes: Christophersia, James. Type Halli, James. Very close to if not identical with Cellia. (4) Head with narrow curved scales lying rather flat upon head and flat lateral scales, upright forked ones behind. Central lobe of scutellum with tuft of narrow curved scales, lateral lobes with large flat oval scales; male palpi longer than proboscis, two large apical segments with long projecting hairs: Leslieomyia, Christophers. Type Leslieomyia tÆniorhynchoides, Christophers, from Amritsar, India. (5) Abdomen with first six or seven segments with hairs only, eighth and seventh (?) with scales, also genital processes. Thorax with hairs and narrow curved scales sharp pointed, blunt-ended broad scales on each side of anterior third. No tufts of scales on prothoracic lobes. Head usual type of upright forked scales: Nyssomyzomyia, James. Type Rossii, Giles. 391 Many other genera have been created; these will be found in my catalogue of CulicidÆ in my “Monograph of the Mosquitoes of the World,” 1901–10, 5 vols., in my “NovÆ CulicidÆ,” family CulicidÆ, Genera Insectorum, etc. 392 Theobald, “Second Report on Economic Zoology,” 1903, p.9. 393 “A Monograph of the CulicidÆ of the World,” 5 vols. and atlas, 1901 to 1910, British Museum (Nat. Hist.); and the following: Howard, Dyar and Knab, “The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies,” 1912; James and Liston, “The AnophelinÆ of India,” Leicester, 1908; “The CulicidÆ of Malay,” Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay States, iii; Ann.Trop. Med. and Par., papers by Newstead and Carter; Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, papers by Lutz, Neva, Chagas; and the Bulletin of Entomological Research, etc. 394 Bull. du Mus. d’Hist. nat., 1906, xii, p.522. 395 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 1910, ii, fasc. 2, pp.211–267. 396 C. Fuller, “A New Poultry Pest,” 1899, Leaflet No. 1, Dept. Agric. 397 Insect Life, 1888, i, p.14. 398 Ibid., 1893, v, p.61. 399 Entomologist, 1879, p.89. 400 Theobald, “An Account of British Flies,” i, p.172. 401 Bull. Ent. Res., 1912, iii, pp.99–108. 402 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 1913, v, fasc. 1, pp.45–72, pls. 6–8; and 1914, vi, fasc. 2, pp. 81–99. 403 Bull. Ent. Res., 1911, ii, pt. 2, pp.47–78. 404 “Ricerche sui Flebotomi,” Mem. della Soc. ital. della Scienze, 1907, ser. 3, xiv, pp. 353–394. 405 “Indian Sand-flies,” Ind. Med. Cong., 1909, sec. III, pp.239–242. 406 Newstead: Bull. Ent. Res., 1912, iii, pp.361–367. 407 Rec. Ind. Mus., v, pt. 3, Nos. 13 and 14. 408 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 1912, iv, fasc. I, pp.84–95. 409 Theobald, “First Report Economic Zoology,” Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p.55. 410 Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc., N.H., xx, p.107. 411 “LarvÆ of a Musca, probably M. corvina, were passed in numbers per rectum by a child in Liverpool with Homalomyia larvÆ,”—“Second Report Economic Zoology,” Theobald, 1903, p.16. 412 [The correct name for this fly is Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Schiner.—F.V.T.] 413 [The following are known to cause myiasis in man in Africa: Cordylobia anthropophaga, GrÜnb.; Auchmeromyia luteola, Fabr.; A. rodhani, Gedoelst; Oestrus ovis, Linn.; and Anthomyia desjardensii, Macq. The anthropophaga, Blanchard, and the depressa, Walker, referred to here are GrÜnberg’s anthropophaga.—F.V.T.] 414 [Austen gives the length as 12 to 12·5mm. and the breadth as 5mm.; he describes the larva as follows: Bluntly pointed at the anterior extremity, and truncate behind; from third to eleventh segments thickly covered with minute recurved spines of brownish chitin, usually arranged in transverse series of groups of two or more, which can be seen to form more or less distinct undulating and irregular transverse rows. In each of the two posterior stigmatic plates, the respiratory slit on either side of the median one is characteristically curved, resembling an inverted note of interrogation. The barrel-shaped puparium is on an average 10·3 by 4·6mm.; its colour varies from ferruginous to nearly black.—F.V.T.] 415 [According to Austen this is Cordylobia anthropophaga, GrÜnb. Bengalia depressa, Walker, is a very different insect, whose life-history is unknown.—F.V.T.] 416 Dutton, Todd and Christy, “The Congo Floor Maggot,” Mem. xiii Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., p.40. 417 Balfour, Journ. Trop. Med., 1909, xii, No. 4, p.47. 418 Journ. Trop. Med., 1905, viii, No. 6, p.90. 419 [This is not the case, for Carpenter has shown that muzzled calves become infected (“MÉm. First Int. Cong. Ent.,” pp.289–293). Jost (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., 1907, xxxvi, pp. 644–715) thinks that the ova, not young larvÆ, are ingested (vide note in Supplement).—F.V.T.] 420 Duprey advances the opinion that Dermatobia deposits its eggs not only on the skin of man and animals, but also on the leaves and twigs in the bush, where, too, young larvÆ have been met with which gain access from hence to men and animals (Journ. Trop. Med. and Hyg., 1906). 421 Vide Bull. 20, N. Sc., U.S. Div. Ent. 422 “TabanidÆ of Ohio,” Ohio State University Bull. 19, 1903, sec. 7, p.14. 423 This does not include G. maculata, Newstead, which is regarded by Austen as a synonym of G. palpalis, Rob. Des.; according to this authority the curiously spotted appearance of the type and only example of G. maculata is due to foreign matter. 424 Newstead has recently described another species as G. severini (Ann. Trop. Med. and Par., 1913, vii, No. 2, pp.331–334). It is allied to G. fuscipleuris, Austen. 425 Bull. des SÉances de la Soc. ent. de France, 1878, pp. cxliv, cxlv. 426 Atti della Reale Accad. dei Lincei, Anno CCC. Se Quinta, 1903, xii, 2 sem. fasc., pp. 387–393. 427 This is apparently the stimulans of Meigen. 428 Charles T. Brues and Philip A.E. Sheppard, “The Possible Etiological Relation of certain Biting Insects to the Spread of Infantile Paralysis,” Journ. Econ. Ent., 1912, cciv, pp. 305–324. 429 Philippine Journ. Sc., B, viii, p.253. 430 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., viii, pp.321, 353. 431 Ind. Med. Gazette, April, 1915, l, p.121. 432 Journ. Trop. Med. and Hyg., xviii, p.157. 433 Brit. Journ. Children’s Diseases, x, p.60. 434 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vi, p.120. 435 Ibid., v, p.725. 436 Ibid., v, p.495. 437 Brazil Medico, xxviii, p.269. 438 Arch. f. Protistenkunde, xxxiv, p.1. 439 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.571. 440 Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., cxliv, p.82. 441 Brit. Journ. Children’s Diseases, x, p.60. 442 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.657. 443 Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. and Prevent. Med., ii, p.627. 444 Bull. Soc. Med. Chirurg. Indo-Chine, v, p.55. 445 Beihefte z. Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hyg., xviii, 5, p.155. 446 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., viii, p.63. 447 Journ. Roy. Army Med. Corps, xxiii, pp.440–446 (see Trop. Dis. Bull., v, No. 5, p.276). 448 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., viii, p.485. 449 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.277. 450 Lindsay (1914), Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg., vii, p.259. 451 Sergent (Ed. and Et.), Lemaire and Senevet (1914), Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p. 577. 452 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., iv, p.440. 453 Journ. Trop. Med. and Hyg., xvi, p.329. 454 Annual Med. and Sanit. Rept., Uganda, for 1913, p.80. 455 “The Diagnostics and Treatment of Tropical Diseases.” London: H.K. Lewis. 456 “The Prevention of Malaria.” Second Edition (1911). London: John Murray. 457 Beihefte z. Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hyg., xvii, 6, p.371. 459 Arch. f. Verdauungs Krankheiten, xix, p.42. 460 Kermogant, Soc. mÉd. des HÔp., February 7, 1905. 461 [The distomiasis of Tonkin is due to Clonorchis sinensis and not to F. hepatica.—J. W.W.S.] 462 Bierner, Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Heilk., 1863. 463 Bostroem, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1883. 464 Sagarra, quoted by Duffek. 465 Duffek, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1902, xxx. 466 Tappeiner, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1900, l. 467 Odhner, Centrall l. f. Bakt., 1902, xxxi. 468 Katsurada, Ziegler’s Beitr. z. path. Anat., 1900, xxviii. 469 Looss, “Handb. d. Tropenkrankh.,” von Mense, 1905, i. 470 Inouye, quoted by Looss. 471 Scheube, “Die Krankh. d. warm. LÄnder,” 1896. 472 Otani, quoted by Looss. 473 Inouye, quoted by Looss. 474 Yamagiva, quoted by Looss 475 Taniguchi, Arch. f. Psych. u. Nervenkrankh., xxxviii. 476 Laspeyres, “Dissert. Kiel,” 1904. 477 Katsurada, Ziegler’s Beitr. z. path. Anat., 1900, xxviii. 478 Stock, Lancet, September 29, 1906. 479 Kautsky, Wien. klin. Rundschau, 1903, xxxvi. 480 Goebel, Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hyg., 1903, vii. 481 Kautsky, Wien. klin. Rundschau, 1903, xxxv. 482 Balfour, Lancet, December, 1903. 483 Douglas and Hardy, ibid., October, 1903. 484 Goebel, Centralbl. f. d. Krankh. d. Harn u. Sexualorgane, xvii. 485 Kutner, ibid., xvi. 486 Petrie, Brit. Med. Journ., July, 1903. 487 Burfield, Lancet, February 10, 1906. 488 Kelly, quoted by Burfield. 489 Symmers, Lancet, January 7, 1905. 490 Milton, quoted by Looss, “Handb. d. Tropenkrankh.,” v. Mense, 1905, i, p.95. 491 Horwood, Brit. Med. Journ., March 10, 1906. 492 Brock, Journ. of Path. and Bact., 1893. 493 Petrie, loc. cit. 494 Sandwith, Annal. of Surgery, 1904, xxxix. 495 Harley, Lancet, 1870. 496 Reyher, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1886, xxxix. 497 von Shapiro, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 1888. 498 Podwissotsky, Jahrb. f. Kinderkrankh., 1889. 499 Pariser, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1892. 500 Schaumann, Berlin, 1894, and Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1898. 501 MÜller, CharitÉ-Annal., xiv. 502 Kurimoto, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., xl, and Kongr. f. inn. Med., Karlsbad, 1899. 503 Meyer, Mount Sinai Hosp. Reports, 1903 and 1904, iv. 504 Rosenquist, Verein f. innere Med. in Berlin, May 6, 1901; and Zeitschr. f. klin. Med. xlix. 505 Bendix, Deutsch. Aerzte Zeitg., 1904, i. 506 Zinn, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 507 Isaac and van den Velden, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1904, xxvii. 508 Galli-Valerio, Therap. Monatsh., 1905. 509 Tallqvist, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 1907, lxi. 510 Leichtenstern, “Handb. d. Therap. v. Pentzoldt-Stintzing,” 1898, 2nd edition, iv. 511 Lenhartz, ibid., 1903, 3rd edition, iv, p.607. 512 Leichtenstern, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1899. 513 Lussana, Rivista Clin. Arch. ital. di clin. Med., 1890. 514 Arslan, Rev. mens. des Mal. de l’Enfance, 1892. 515 Fischer, Versamml. d. ophthal. Gesellsch., 1892. 516 Samelsohn, ibid. 517 Zappert, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1892. 518 MÜller and Rieder, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., xcviii. 519 BÜcklers, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1894. 520 Neusser, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1892. 521 Bohland, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1894. 522 Daniels, Lancet, No. 3,725. 523 Looss, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1897. 524 Scheube, “Die Krankh. der warm. LÄnder,” 1896. 525 v. Jaksch, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 526 Galvagno, Arch. di Patol. e Clin. inf., 1902–1904. 527 Loeb and Smith, Centralbl. f. Bakt., xxxvii. 528 Bauer, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1904. 529 Allessandrini, Policlinica, 1904. 530 Hynek, Klin. Chron., 1904. 531 Goldmann, Wien. klin. Rundschau, 1905. 532 Romani, Gaz. d. Osp., 1904. 533 Liefmann, Zeitschr. f. Hyg., 1905, l. 534 Berti, Gaz. d. Osp., 1906. 535 Peiper, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1897. 536 LÖbker and Bruns, Arb. aus dem kaiserl. Reichsgesundheitsamt, 1906, xxiii. 537 Cao, Riforma Med., 1901. 538 Messineo and Calmida, Centralbl. f. Bakt., xxx. 539 Jammes and Mandoul, Acad. des Sciences, 1904. 540 Messineo, Giorn. med. del regio eserc., 1903. 541 Pereira, Lancet, September, 1903. 542 Barnabo, Sperimentale, 1906, v. 543 Gagnoni, Pediatric., 1903. 544 Dirksen, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 545 Brandt, quoted by Pollak in Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1889, v. 546 Peiper, vide Seifert, “Lehrb. d. Kinderkrankh.,” 1897, p.243. 547 Demme, vide Seifert, ibid. 548 Kutner, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1865. 549 Lutz, Centralbl. f. Bakt. 550 Drouillard, Journ. de MÉd., 1900. xi. 551 Annaratone, Giorn. med. del regio eserc., 1900. 552 Delille, Journ. de MÉd., May 10, 1907. 553 MÉriel, Annal. de MÉd. et Chir. inf., 1900. 554 Papi, Gaz. d. Osp., 1901. 555 Taillens, Arch. de mÉd. d’Enf., 1906. 556 MÁreo, Allg. Wien. med. Zeitg., 1902. 557 Schupfer, Gaz. d. Osp., 1901. 558 Duprey, Lancet, 1903. 559 Naab, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 560 Hammiss, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1904, iii. 561 Koneff, quoted by Liesen, “Dissert. Bonn,” 1904. 562 Buchholz, Norsk. Mag. for LÄge, 1903. 563 Rose, Billroth and Pitha, “Chirurgie.” 564 Cattaneo, Arch. f. Kinderheilk., xliv. 565 Messineo, Giorn. med. del regio eserc., 1905. 566 Huber, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1870, vii. 567 Barth, reported by Valleix, Paris, 1845. 568 Gibson, Lancet, 1862. 569 Pascal, quoted by Kahane, Korrespondenzbl. f. Schweizer Aerzte, 1907, viii. 570 Burchhardt, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1880. 571 Rippe, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1907, i. 572 Moosbrugger, Med. Correspondenzbl. f. WÜrttemberg, 1890. 573 Morsasca, abstract in Centralbl. f. innere Med., 1897. 574 Becker, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 575 Sandler, ibid., 1905. 576 Girard, Annal. de l’Inst. Pasteur, 1901. 577 Schiller, Beitr. z. klin. Chir., 1902, xxxiv. 578 Hausmann, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1900. 579 Hartmann, Naturforschervers., KÖln, 1889. 580 Silvester, quoted by SchlÜter, “Dissert. Kiel,” 1905. 581 Valdes, quoted by SchlÜter, op. cit. 582 BÜcklers, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1894. 583 Bruns, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1907. 584 MÜller, D., “Dissert. WÜrzburg,” 1885. 585 Finsen, quoted by D. MÜller. 586 Caffarena, Convers. clin. Genova, 1902. 587 La Spada, Gaz. d. Osp., 1904. 588 Bindi, ibid., 1907. 589 Santucci, “Clinica moderna,” 1905. 590 Welsh and Barling, Scot. Med. and Surg. Journ., 1907. 591 quoted by Rostowzeff, Bobritsch. Gaz. Botkina, 1902. 592 quoted by Rostowzeff, Bobritsch. Gaz. Botkina, 1902. 593 quoted by Rostowzeff, Bobritsch. Gaz. Botkina, 1902. 594 quoted by Rostowzeff, Bobritsch. Gaz. Botkina, 1902. 595 Bergmann, Prag. med. Wochenschr., 1890 596 StrÜmpell, “Lehrb. d. spez. Path. u. Therap.,” 1894. 597 Boas, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1895. 598 Still, Brit. Med. Journ., 1899. 599 ArborÉ-Rally, Arch. de MÉd. des Enf., 1900. 600 Metschnikoff, Bull. mÉd., 1901. 601 Matignon (abstract), MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1901. 602 Des Barres, Gaz. des HÔp., 1903. 603 Kirmisson, Annal. de MÉd. et Chir. des Enf., 1901. 604 Moty (abstract), MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1901, p.910. 605 Girard, Annal. de l’Inst. Pasteur, 1901. 606 Triboulet, Soc. mÉd. des HÔp. de Paris, 1901. 607 Morkowitin (abstract), Centralbl. f. d. Grenzgebiete, 1902. 608 v. Genser, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1901. 609 Schiller, Beitr. z. klin. Chir., 1902, xxxiv. 610 Czerny and HeddÄus, ibid., xxi. 611 Kaposi, ibid., xxviii. 612 Schwankhaus, Amer. Pract., 1901. 613 Ramstedt, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 614 Rostowzeff, Russ. med. Rundschau, 1903. 615 Wirsaladze, Bobritsch. Gaz. Botkina, 1902. 616 Oppe, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 617 Hanau, ibid., 1903. 618 Galli-Vallerio, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1903, p.1094. 619 Ssaweljews, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1903. 620 Nason, Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc., 1904. 621 Spieler, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1904. 622 BÉgonin, Journ. de MÉd. de Bordeaux, July, 1902. 623 Putnam, quoted by Spieler. 624 Schilling, “WÜrzb. Abhandl.,” 1905. v. 625 Blanchard, Acad. de MÉd., July 3, 1904. 626 Moore, Brit. Med. Journ., August 18, 1906. 627 Auley, ibid., 1906. 628 Page, New York Med. Journ., January 20, 1906. 629 Schoeppler, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1906. 630 Oui, Rev. prat. d’ObstÉt. et de Paed., 1906. 631 Frangenheim, Samml. klin. Vortr., 1906, No. 424. 632 Kahane, Schweiz. Korrespondenzbl., 1907, viii. 633 Heekes, Brit. Med. Journ., March 16, 1907. 634 Andrews, ibid., 1906. 635 Leuckart, “Die Parasiten des Menschen.” 636 Heller, “Handb. d. spez. Path.,” v. Ziemssen, vii. 637 Mosler and Peiper, “Spez. Path. u. Ther.,” v. Nothnagel, vi. 638 Henoch, “Vorlesungen Über Kinderkrankheiten.” 639 Davaine, “TraitÉ des Entozoaires.” 640 KÜchenmeister and ZÜrn, “Die Parasiten des Menschen.” 641 Bremser, “Lebende WÜrmer im lebenden Menschen.” 642 MondiÈre, Schmidt’s Jahrb., 1840. 643 v. Siebold, “Parasiten” in Wagner’s “HandwÖrterbuch,” 1845. 644 Rokitansky, “Path. Anat.” 645 Gerhardt, quoted by Liesen, “Dissert. Bonn.” 646 Abrault, quoted by Seifert, “Lehrb. d. Kinderkrankh.” 647 Apostolides, Lancet, 1898. 648 Marcus, quoted by Seifert, “Lehrb. d. Kinderkrankh.” 649 Wischnewsky, quoted by Seifert, ibid. 650 Galvagno, Arch. de Patol. et Clin., inf., 1902. 651 Salieri, Rif. med., 1902. 652 Lini, Schmidt’s Jahrb., 1838. 653 GrÄffe, Protokoll d. Ges. f. Natur u. Heilkunde, Dresden, 1853. 654 Nicolino, Clin. mod., 1902. 655 Liesen, “Dissert. Bonn.” 1904. 656 Boloff, quoted by Seifert, “Lehrb. d. Kinderkrankh.” 657 Lutz, Centralbl. f. Bakt. 658 Schiller, Beitr. z. klin. Chir., xxxiv, p.200. 659 Rehn, see Schiller, loc. cit., p.201. 660 Broca, Rev. mens. des Mal. de l’Enf., 1904. 661 Lutz, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1905, xv. 662 Froelich, Rev. mens. des Mal. de l’Enf., 1897. 663 Vuillemin, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1902. 664 Marro, Arch. per le Sci. med., 1901. 665 Simons, Centralbl. f. GynÄk., 1899. 666 Kolb, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1902. 667 Chiari, Prag. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 668 Schneider, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1904. 669 Sehrt, Beitr. z. klin. Chir., li. 670 Fauconneau-Dufresne, quoted by Seifert. 671 Tschernomikow, quoted by Seifert. 672 Mosler and Peiper, loc. cit. 673 Raie, Lancet, 1899. 674 Schulhof, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 675 Rehberg, “Dissert. KÖnigsberg,” 1907. 676 Rocheblave, Gaz. des HÔp., 1898. 677 Heller, loc. cit. 678 Leichtenstern, “Ziemssen’s Handb.,” vii. 679 Huber, quoted by Rehberg. 680 Wilms, Deutsch. Zeitschr. f. Chir., xlvi. 681 Black, Brit. Med. Journ., 1872. 682 Parkinson, quoted by Rehberg. 683 Guiart, Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol., Paris, March 16, 1901. 684 Blanchard, Arch. d. Par., 1901. 685 Vivaldi and Tonello, Gaz. d. Osp., October 29, 1905. 686 Leuckart, quoted by Kahane. 687 Blanchard, Acad. de MÉd., October 18, 1904. 688 Bendix, Verein f. innere Med., Berlin, June 16, 1902. 689 Miyake, Mitteil. aus d. Grenzgebiete, 1904, xiii. 690 Hashimoto, quoted by Miyake. 691 Omi, Iji-Shinshi, Tokio, 1898. 692 Inoye, ibid., 1897. 693 Bollinger, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1905, lxxxiv. 694 KÖhl, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1904. 695 Lindblad, Hygiea, xlv. 696 Sonnenschein, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 697 Asam, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 698 Zschokke, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1905. 699 Pollak, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1907. 700 KrÜger, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1887. 701 Brandt, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1889. 702 Huber, suppl. to Asam, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 703 Rosenberg, Ges. f. innere Med., February 16, 1904. 704 Nicolo, Gaz. d. Osp., 1904. 705 Stoerk, E., and Haendel, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1907, xxix. 706 Lutz, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1894. 707 Predtetschensky, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., xl. 708 Grassi, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1887. 709 Bordier, quoted by Predtetschensky, loc. cit., p.95. 710 Steinhaus, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 711 Posselt, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1899. 712 Wolff, “Lesser’s Encyclop. d. Haut- u. Geschlechtskrankh.,” 1900. 713 Frangenheim, Volkm. klin. Vortr., No. 424. 714 Pelagutti, Giorn. ital. delle mal. vener., 1900. 715 Glas, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1905. 716 Gaetano, Giorn. int. delle Sci. med., 1904. 717 Huber, “Bibliographie der klin. Helminthologie,” 1891, pt. 2. 718 Kaldrovils, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 719 Orth, Berl. med. Ges., June 29, 1904. 720 Sipari, “Angelo Trani Neapel,” 1900. 721 Henneberg, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1906, xxxii. 722 Hagen-Thorn, abstract by Posselt. 723 Jacobson, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1906. 724 v. Bergmann, quoted by Frangenheim, loc. cit., p.470. 725 Simmonds, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1907, xxvii. 726 VersÉ, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1907, xi. 727 Stern, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., lxi. 728 Jolasse, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1896. 729 Hartmann, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1902. 730 Meyer, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1906. 731 Durst, Lieven. viestnik, 1902. 732 Markwald, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1895. 733 Remmert, “Dissert. Berlin,” 1893. 734 Kleefeld, see Seifert loc. cit. 735 Prunac, see Eichhorst, “Handb. d. spez. Path. u. Therap.,” ii, p.281. 736 Galli-Valerio, Therap. Monatsh., 1900. 737 Fischer, Stockholm, Nordin and Josephson, 1904. 738 Grawitz, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1899. 739 Boas, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1889. 740 Marx, “Diss. WÜrzburg,” 1903. 741 Nagel, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 742 Meyer, O., Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1905. 743 Studt, ibid., 1905. 744 Uhthoff, ibid., 1905. 745 Noiszewski, “Postepokuhst,” 1906. 746 Viereck, Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hyg., 1906. 747 Stuelp, Arch. f. Augenheilk., 1906, li. 748 Huber, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 749 Marx, loc. cit. 750 Sonnenschein, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 751 Boas, loc. cit. 752 Lenhartz, loc. cit. 753 Apolant, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1905, xliv. 754 Fischer, loc. cit. 755 Boas, loc. cit. 756 Fowler, Brit. Med. Journ., 1906. 757 Jaquet, Therap. Monatsh., 1904. 758 Bodenstein, Wien. med. Presse, 1906. 759 Brieger, “Therap. d. Gegenwart.,” 1905. 760 Goldmann, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1905. 761 Liermberger, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1905. 762 Fischer, loc. cit. 763 LaurÉn, Therap. Monatsh., 1899. 764 Friedjung, Ges. f. innere Med., Wien, March 8, 1906. 765 Drivon, Lyon mÉd., 1902. 766 Sobotta, loc. cit. 767 Boas, loc. cit. 768 Storch, see Lenhartz, loc. cit. 769 Pick, Ges. f. innere Med., Wien, March 8, 1906. 770 Ritter, Prag. med. Wochenschr., 1904, v. 771 Liebreich and Langgard, “Kompendium der Arzneiverordnung,” 1907. 772 Leichtenstern, “Therap. der Gegenwart.,” 1899. 773 White, Scot. Med. and Surg. Journ., 1900. 774 CarratÚ, Giorn. med. del regio eserc., 1903. 775 Galli-Valerio, Therap. Monatsh., 1900. 776 Pool, Med. Woche, 1901. 777 DÖrr, “Therap. der Gegenwart.,” 1901. 778 Koch, Med. Klinik, 1907. 779 Seifert, “Sitzungsberichte der phys.-med. Ges. in WÜrzburg,” 1883. 780 Leichtenstern, Arbeiten aus d. kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 1905, xxii. 781 Zinn, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1900, xlix. 782 SchlÜter, “Diss. Kiel,” 1905. 783 Silvestri, see SchlÜter loc. cit. 784 Valdes, ibid. 785 Trappe, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1907. 786 FÜlleborn, Biol. Abt. d. Ärztl.-Vereins in Hamburg, October 14, 1902. 787 Bruns, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1907, xix. 788 Leichtenstern, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1898. 789 Kurlow, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1902. 790 Goldmann, Deutsch. Aerzte-Zeitg., 1903. 791 SchlÜter, “Diss. Kiel,” 1905. 792 Valdes, loc. cit. 793 Soussino, see SchlÜter loc. cit. 794 Goldmann, loc. cit. 795 Teissier, Arch. d. MÉd. exp., 1895. 796 Davaine, see Seifert, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 797 Mildner, Berl. med. Ges., July 24, 1907. 798 SchlÜter, loc. cit. 799 Trappe, loc. cit. 800 PoupÉe-Desportes, see Looss, “Handb. d. Tropenkrankh.,” 1905, i. 801 Harington, Brit. Med. Journ., 1906. 802 Emily, see Looss loc. cit. 803 Mense, ibid. 804 Frangenheim, Volkmann’s Samml. klin. VortrÄge, 424. 805 Finucane, Lancet, 1907. 806 Bancroft, Lancet, 1885. 807 Ziemann, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1905, xi. 808 Ziemann, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1905. 809 Pick, ibid. 810 Ziemann, loc. cit. 811 Wurtz and Cleri, Arch. MÉd. expÉr., 1905, ii. 812 Pollack, Berl. ophthal. Ges., May 17, 1906. 813 Martens, Berl. med. Ges., July 24, 1907. 814 Leichtenstern, “Handb. d. Therap. v. Pentzoldt-Stintzing.” 815 Eichhorst, “Handb. d. Spez. Path. u. Therap.” 816 Askanazy, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1896. 817 Moosbrugger, Med. Corresp.-Bl. f. WÜrttemburg, 1890. 818 Kahane, Korrespondenzbl. f. Schweiz. Aezte, 1907, viii. 819 Schulze, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1905. 820 Vix, Zeitschr. f. Psychiat., xvii. 821 Girard, Annal. d. l’Inst. Pasteur, 1901. 822 Blanchard, Acad. de MÉd., July 3, 1906. 823 Poledne, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1906. 824 Rippe, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1907. 825 Becker, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 826 Peiper, quoted by Seifert, loc. cit., p.248. 827 Merkel, “Handb. d. Therap. v. Pentzoldt-Stintzing,” i. 828 Klopsch, quoted by Babes. 829 Langenbeck, ibid. 830 Babes, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1906, xlii. 831 Schleip, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., lxxx. 832 StÄubli, ibid., lxxxv. 833 Moscato, quoted by Predtetschensky, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., xl. 834 Stuertz, Ges. d. CharitÉ-Aerzte in Berlin, June 26, 1902. 835 LÖbker and Bruns, Arb. aus. dem. kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 1906, xxiii. 836 v. Ziemssen, quoted by Haenisch, “Diss. Strasburg,” 1901. 837 Huppertz, quoted by Haenisch, “Diss. Strasburg,” 1901. 838 Baravalle, Progresso medico, 1903. 839 Boycott, Journ. of Hygiene, 1904. 840 Lohr, Zeitschr. f. Heilk., xxvi. 841 Bruns, Liefmann and Meckel, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1905. 842 Inouye, Arch. f. Verdauungs Krankh., 1905, xi. 843 Looss, “Handb. f. Tropenkrankh.,” v. Mense, i, p.129. 844 Schaudinn, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1904. 845 Dieminger, Klin. Jahrb., 1905, xiv. 846 Dubreuilh, La Presse mÉd., 1905, xxx. 847 Goldmann, Wien. med. Presse, 1905, ii. 848 Ibid., “Die Hygiene des Bergmannes.” Halle: W. Knapp, 1903. 849 Tenholt, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1905. 850 Goldmann, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1905, x. 851 Dieminger, loc. cit. 852 Calmette, Acad. de MÉd., July 25, 1905. 853 Manouriez, Bull. de. l’Acad. de MÉd., 1905. 854 Looss, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 1905, lviii. 855 Manson, Brit. Med. Journ., November 5, 1900. 856 Fabre, ProgrÈs mÉd., 1905. 857 Bozzolo, Giorn. del R. Acad. d. Med. di Torino, 1881. 858 Lutz, Centralbl. f. Bakt. 859 GrÜnberger, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1902, lii. 860 Smith, Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., 1903. 861 Mann, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., lxxiv. 862 Prowe, Virch. Arch., clviii. 863 Sandwith, quoted by Looss. 864 Thornhill, ibid. 865 Leichtenstern, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1887. 866 GrÜnberger, loc. cit. 867 Goldmann, Ges. f. innere Med. in Wien, March 8, 1906. 868 Goldmann, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1905, x. 869 Liermberger, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1905. 870 Pool, Med. Woche, 1901. 871 Bauer, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1904. 872 Leonardi, Gaz. d. Osp., 1904. 873 Mann, loc. cit. 874 GrÜnberger, loc. cit. 875 Nagel, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1903. 876 Zinn, “Therap. der Gegenwart.,” 1903. 877 Warburg, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1904. 878 Nagel, loc. cit. 879 Hynek, Sbornik Kliniky, v. 880 Stockman, Brit. Med. Journ., 1904. 881 Boycott and Haldane, Journ. of Hyg., ix. 882 Adams, Arch. of Pediat., 1901. 883 Philips, Lancet, 1906. 884 Hermann, La mÉd. moderne, 1905. 885 Neumann, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1904. 886 Bentley, Indian Med. Gaz., 1904. 887 Goldmann, Deutsch. Aerzte-Zeitg., 1903. 888 Liermberger, loc. cit. 889 Clason, see Seifert, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 890 Sick, “Diss. TÜbingen,” 1901. 891 Sick, ibid., 1901. 892 Borger, “Diss. MÜnchen,” 1891. 893 Dauernheim, “Diss. Giessen,” 1900. 894 Neugebauer, Arch. f. klin. Chir., 1903, lxx. 895 Schupper, Gaz. d. Osp., 1904, xxxiii. 896 Schiller, Beitr. zur klin. Chir., 1902, xxxiv. 897 Epstein, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 1904, lxxxi. 898 Mertens, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1898, xxiii. 899 Vierordt, Volkmann’s Samml. klin. Vortr., No. 375. 900 Quincke, “Nothnagel’s Spez. Path. u. Therap.,” 1899, xviii. 901 Dauernheim, loc. cit. 902 Saltykow, Prag. Zeitschr. f. Heilk., 1900. 903 Leer, Brit. Med. Journ., 1906. 904 Vierordt, loc. cit. 905 Mosler and Peiper, “Nothnagel’s Handb.,” 1894, vi. 906 Troja, Napoli, 1771. 907 Wrisberg, see Blumenbach, GÖttingen, 1907. 908 Deschamps, see Blass, “Diss. Strasburg,” 1902. 909 Fortessin, see Bardeleben, “Lehrb. d. Chirurgie,” 1875. 910 Albrecht, Commer. Noricum. T.I. Annal., 1739. 911 Benievini, “Prol. Anat. d. Sin. front.,” GÖttingen, 1779. 912 Forest, see Tiedemann, Mannheim, 1844. 913 Lanzoni, idem. 914 Langelott, idem. 915 Tulpe, idem. 916 Reisel, idem. 917 Fehr, idem. 918 Bruckmann, Commer. Noric., 1739. 919 Bahr, idem. 920 Slabber, idem. 921 Lange, “Blumenbach’s Med. Bibl.,” GÖttingen, 1788. 922 Chiari, “Krankh. d. Nase,” 1902. 923 Haffner, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1880. 924 Jurasz, Heymann’s “Handb. d. Laryngol. u. Rhinol.,” iii. 925 Reynolds, Lancet, 1880. 926 WagenhÄuser, Arch. f. Ohrenheilk., 1889, xxvii. 927 Turnbull, Virchow-Hirsch Jahresbericht, 1880. 928 Oesterlein, Deutsch. Klin. 1851. 929 Smyly, Dubl. Journ., 1867. 930 FÜrst, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1879. 931 Mosler, quoted by Liesen. 932 Donati, Ann. Univ. de MÉd. et Chir., Milano, 1875. 933 Cerchez, Clinica, 1891, iv. 934 Wagner, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 935 Rabot, Soc. de Sci. mÉd. de Lyon, September 9, 1904. 936 Negresco, Soc. de MÉd. lÉgale, November 9, 1903. 937 SchlÜter, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1902. 938 Epstein, see Seifert, “Lehrb. d. Kinderkrankh.,” p.273. 939 Metschnikoff, Gaz. hebd. de MÉd. et Chir., 1901. 940 Guermonprez, see Seifert, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 941 KÜchenmeister, loc. cit. 942 Lewin, see Seifert, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 943 Henoch, idem. 944 Schidlowsky, see Seifert. 945 Calderone, idem. 946 Hausmann, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1900. 947 Du Bois, see Lenhartz in “Penzoldt-Stintzing’s Handbuch,” p.619. 948 Ferran, idem. 949 Bodenstein, Wien. med. Presse, 1906. 950 BrÜning, Med. Klin., 1906. 951 Idem, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1907. 952 Thelen, “Diss. Rostock,” 1907. 953 Ungar, see Seifert, “Lehrbuch der Kinderkrankh.,” p.246. 954 Trendelenburg, see Seifert, idem. 955 von Wagener, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., lxxxi. 956 Ruffer, Brit. Med. Journ., 1901. 957 Seifert, “Lehrb. d. Kinderkrankh.,” and Lesser’s “Encyklop. d. Haut-u. Geschlechtskrankh.,” p.373. 958 Majochi, Boll. d. Sci. med. d. Bologna, 1893. 959 Szerlecky, Journ. Ann. Med. prat., Paris, 1874. 960 Michelson, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1877, xxxiii. 961 Majochi, loc. cit. 962 Barbagallo, Gaz. d. Osp., November 16, 1900. 963 Vignolo-Lutati, Arch. f. Derm., lxxxvii, pt. 1. 964 Zarniko, “Die Krankh. d. Nase, u.s.w,” S. Karger, Berlin, 1905. 965 Chiari, “Erfahr. auf d. Gebiete der Hals- u. Nasenkrankh.,” Wien, 1887. 966 Hartmann, Naturforscherversamml., KÖln, 1889. 967 Rheins, “Der prakt. Arzt.,” 1893. 968 Proskauer, Zeitschr. f. Ohrenheilk., 1891. 969 Metschnikoff, Med. Klin., 1907, xlii, p.1284. 970 Heller, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., lxxvii. 971 Barbagallo, loc. cit. 972 Ungar, see Seifert, “Lehrb. d. Kinderkrankh.” 973 DornblÜth, Arztl. Zentral-Anzeiger, 1903. 974 Barbagallo, loc. cit. 975 Heller, loc. cit. 976 Still, Brit. Med. Journ., 1899. 977 DornblÜth, loc. cit. 978 Rahn, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1905. 979 Senger, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1907, xxxviii. 980 Seifert, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 981 Esser, Schweiz. Korrespondenzbl., 1893. 982 Jurasz, Heymann’s “Handb. d. Laryng. u. Rhinol.,” 1899, ii. 983 Cortial, Union mÉd., 1886. 984 Palazzolo, Bull. del. mal. dell’ orecchio, etc., 1895. 985 Roset, Rev. d. Cienc. mÉd. de Barcelona, 1907, ii. 986 Huber, Deutsch: Arch. f. klin. Med., xlvii. 987 Ramon de la Sota y Lastra, Rev. mÉd. de Sevilla, 1883. 988 Photiades, Int. Zentralbl. f. Laryng., 1884. 989 Maissurianz, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1883. 990 Schmolitschew, Wratsch, 1884. 991 Godet, Arch. de MÉd. et Pharm. milit., 1887. 992 Ficano, Rev. de Laryng., 1890. 993 Massei, Int. Journ. of Laryng., 1890. 994 Winternitz and Karbinski, Prag. med. Wochenschr., 1890. 995 Aubert, Echo mÉd., 1891. 996 Seifert, Rev. de Laryng., 1893. 997 Leone, Boll. del. mal. dell’ orecchio, etc., 1892. 998 Martin, Arch. de MÉd. et Pharm. milit., 1891. 999 Berthoud, ibid., 1893. 1000 Palazzolo, Boll. del. mal. dell’ orecchio, 1895. 1001 Panzat, Arch. de MÉd. et Pharm. milit., 1896. 1002 Moucharinski, Wratsch, 1896. 1003 Martin, Rev. barcelon de enf. de oido, 1906. 1004 Vieus and Nepeon, Monatsschr. f. Ohrenheilk., 1884. 1005 Aubert, Echo mÉd., October 12, 1891. 1006 Vicano, Boll. del. mal. dell’ orecchio, etc., 1892, ix. 1007 Ridola, Arch. ital. di Laryng., 1894, ii. 1008 Tapin, Siglo med., March 16, 1907. 1009 Lusitanus, see Seifert in Heymann’s “Handb.,” p.599. 1010 Sinclair, Brit. Med. Journ., June 20, 1885, i. 1011 Condorelli-Francaviglia, Spallangini, 1892. 1012 Sota y Lastra, RÉv. mÉd. de Sevilla, 1887. 1013 Keng, Scot. Med. and Surg. Journ., October, 1899. 1014 Looss, “Handb. d. Tropenkrankh.,” v. Mense, i, p.194. 1015 There is no reason for calling this the gooseberry mite. It is rarely found on this fruit. The gooseberry mite is Bryolia pretiosa. 1016 MacLennars, Lancet, 1905. 1017 [This cannot be the case, as Leptus autumnalis is the larval form of Trombidium holosericeum.—F.V.T.] 1018 Sack, “Handb. d. Hautkrankh.,” v. Mracek, 1907. 1019 Sandwith, Lancet, 1905. 1020 Geber, “Handbuch d. Hautkrankh.,” in v. Ziemssen’s “Handbuch d. spez. Pathol. u. Therap.,” 1884, xiv. 1021 Josai. 1022 Looss, “Handbuch d. Tropenkrankh.,” v. Mense, p.195. 1023 Baelz, Virchow’s Archiv, lxxviii. 1024 Heinecke, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1901. 1025 Buy, “Histoire naturelle et mÉdicale des Ixodes,” “ThÈse de Lyon,” 1906. 1026 Jelgenum, Med. Weekblad v. Noord- en Zuid-Nederland, 1901, i, No. 24. 1027 [This is produced by a distinct species, vide pp.519–20.—F.V.T.] 1028 Nagelschmidt, Med. Klin., 1907, xxxv. 1029 Sachs, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1900. 1030 Sack, “Handb. d. Hautkrankh.,” v. Mracek. 1031 Juliusberg, Therap. Monatsh., 1901. 1032 Pfeiffenberger, Klin. therap. Wochenschr., 1900. 1033 Rille, “Die Heilkunde,” 1900. 1034 Kraus, Allg. wien. med. Zeit., 1900. 1035 Kaposi, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1900. 1036 Siebert, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1900. 1037 Wolters, Therap. Monatsh., 1898. 1038 Demitsch, Wratsch, 1905, iv. 1039 Taenzer, Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., xxi. 1040 Schumann, Allg. med. Central-Zeitg., 1901. 1041 Veiel, v. Ziemssen’s “Handb. d. spez. Path. u. Therap.,” 1884, xiv. 1042 Kaposi, “Path. u. Therap. d. Hautkrankh.,” 1899. 1043 Saalfeld, Lesser’s “Encyclop. d. Haut- u. Geschlechtskrankh.,” 1900. 1044 Jessner, “Kompend. d. Hautkrankh.,” 1906, 3rd ed. 1045 Weyl and Geber, v. Ziemssen’s “Handb. d. spez. Path. u. Therap.,” 1884, xiv. 1046 Weyl and Geber, v. Ziemssen’s “Handb. d. spez. Path. u. Therap.,” 1884, xiv. 1047 de Amicis, quoted by Lewandowsky. 1048 Majochi, Centralbl. f. Bakt., xxv. 1049 Dubreuilh, La Prat. Derm., Paris, 1901. 1050 Mibelli, quoted by Lewandowsky. 1051 Ivers, ibid. 1052 HÜnsche, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1900, xlv. 1053 Mulder, Weekbl. v. het Nederl. Tijdschr. v. Geneesk., 1889. 1054 Lewandowsky, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1907, xx. 1055 Gruby, quoted by Lewandowsky. 1056 Remak, ibid. 1057 Neumann, ibid. 1058 ZÜrn, ibid. 1059 Babes, ibid. 1060 Lewandowsky, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1907, xx. 1061 HÜnsche, MÜnch. med. Wochenschr., 1900, xlv. 1062 [A case of infection through a dirty station privy in Switzerland came to my knowledge in 1899, and numbers of pediculi were found there.—F.V.T.] 1063 Duguet, Annal. de Derm., II SÉr., i. 1064 Oppenheim, “Handb. d. Hautkrankh.,” v. Mracek, 1907. 1065 Geber, see Seifert, Lesser’s “Encyclop.,” p.387. 1066 Oppenheim, loc. cit. 1067 Thomer, see Seifert, Lesser’s “Encyclop.,” p.387. 1068 Vide genus Cimex, p.534. 1069 Nuttall, see Sack “Handb.,” v. Mracek, p.290. 1070 Rosenbach, Therap. Monatsh., 1903. 1071 Leipzig. med. Monatsh., 1907, vi. 1072 Chemist and Druggist, August 25, 1906. 1073 Scheube, “Die Krankh. d. warmer LÄnder,” 1896. 1074 Berger, Therap. Monatsh., April, 1907. 1075 [Chrysomyia macellaria, p.587.—F.V.T.] 1076 [C. macellaria, Fabricius, the screw-worm fly, is found in tropical America and the West Indies. The genus is restricted to America. The species from India is a Pycnosoma.—F.V.T.] 1077 Riley, American Naturalist, 1883, xvii. 1078 Lahory, Edin. Med. Journ., 1856. 1079 v. Frantzius, Virchow’s Archiv, 1868, xliii. 1080 Lutz, see Joseph, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 1081 Conil, Annal. de Science nat. zool., 1878. 1082 [This fly belongs to the genus Cordylobia, and is peculiar to Africa. C. anthropophaga, or the tumbri fly, is, when a larva, a subcutaneous parasite of man and animals.—F.V.T.] 1083 Delasiauve, Gerhardt’s “Handb. d. Kinderkrankh.,” 1878, iii. 1084 Weber, Mexique Rec. d. MÉm. de MÉd. milit., 1867. 1085 Mankiewicz, Virchow’s Archiv, 1868, xliv. 1086 Kirschmann, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1881. 1087 Prima, “ThÈse de Paris,” 1881. 1088 Britton, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1883. 1089 Richardson, Medical Monthly, 1883. 1090 Schmidt, Texas Med. Journ., 1887. 1091 Wolinz, Wratsch, 1884. 1092 Adler, Med. Record, 1885. 1093 Curran, Med. Press and Circ., 1887. 1094 Pierre, “ThÈse de Paris,” 1888. 1095 Douglas, Kansas City Med. Index, 1890. 1096 Summa, St. Louis, 1889. 1097 Kimball, New York Med. Journ., 1893. 1098 CarriÈre, Gaz. hebd. de MÉd. et de Chir., 1898, xciv. 1099 Chiodi, La Argent. Med., March 1, 1905. 1100 Lesbini, ibid. 1101 Quintano, “Cronic oftalm. de Cadiz,” 1878. 1102 Cesare, Arch. ital. di Otol., April, 1903. 1103 Calamida, Giorn. d. R. Accad. de Med. di Torino, September, 1903. 1104 De Saulle, Gaz. des HÔp., Paris, 1857. 1105 Delasiauve, Gaz. hebd. de MÉd., Paris, 1885. 1106 MacGregor, Arch. gÉn. de Med., No. 1,031. 1107 Bordenave, “DeuxiÈme MÉm. prÉsentÉ À l’Acad. de Chir.,” v, p.387. 1108 [And the other species, of course, must be included here.—F.V.T.] 1109 [Concerning Europe and India, macellaria does not occur.—F.V.T.] 1110 Brokaw, see Seifert, in Heymann’s “Handb.,” p.595. 1111 Prima, “ThÈse de Paris,” 1881. 1112 Maillard, “ThÈse de Montpellier,” 1870. 1113 Salzmann, see Tiedemann, Mannheim, 1844. 1114 Honold, ibid. 1115 Henkel, ibid. 1116 Mankiewicz, Virchow’s Archiv, 1868, xliv. 1117 Goldstein, New York Med. Journ., 1892. 1118 Kimball, ibid., 1893. 1119 Behrends, see Tiedemann. 1120 Boerhave, ibid. 1121 Kilgour, ibid. 1122 Delasiauve, loc. cit. 1123 Moore, Chicago Med. Times, 1893. 1124 Roura, Gaz. di San. milit., 1884. 1125 Cerna, New York Med. Journ., 1893. 1126 Schmidt, Texas Courier, 1884. 1127 Pascal, Arch. d. MÉd. milit., 1895. 1128 Joseph, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 1129 Pierre, “ThÈse de Paris,” 1888. 1130 Scheppegrell, New York Med. Journ., 1898. 1131 Cesare, loc. cit. 1132 Calamida, loc. cit. 1133 Bresgen, Eulenburg’s “Real. EncyclopÄdie,” third edition. 1134 Roorda-Smit, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1906. 1135 Jourdran, Arch. de MÉd. nav., 1895. 1136 Goldstein, New York Med. Journ., 1892. 1137 Osborn, Daniel’s Med. Journ., 1891. 1138 Durham, Chicago Med. Times, 1893. 1139 Jennings, Kansas City Med. Index, 1890. 1140 Kimball, New York Med. Journ., 1893. 1141 Mackenzie, “Diseases of the Nose and Throat.” 1142 Oatmann, Med. Mirror, February, 1894. 1143 Zarniko, “Lehrb. d. Krankh. d. Nase.” 1144 Antony, Bull. Soc. mÉd. des HÔp. de Paris, 1903. 1145 Folkes, New York Med. Record, 1907. 1146 Grayson, St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journ., 1891. 1147 Goldstein, New York Med. Journ., 1892. 1148 Wolinz, Wratsch, 1884. 1149 Morgagni, see Tiedemann. 1150 Cheval, Journ. de MÉd. et de Chir., 1893. 1151 [This is the larva of a moth.—F.V.T.] 1152 Bond, Int. Zentralbl. f. Laryng., 1896. 1153 Dumesnil, see Friedreich, “Die Krankh. d. Nase,” 1858. 1154 Seifert, see Heymann’s “Handb.” 1155 Bertrand, Soc. mÉd. de Bologne, 1839. 1156 Bergmann, Korrespondenzbl. d. deutsch. Ges. f. Psych., Neuwied, 1859. 1157 Vesescu, Riv. stiintelor med., February, 1906. 1158 KÖhler, Monatsschr. f. Ohrenheilk., 1885. 1159 Quintano, see Seifert, loc. cit. 1160 Lesbini, La Argent. Med., 1905. 1161 Henneberg, Berl. med. Ges., February 18, 1903. 1162 Kayser, Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenheilk., 1905. 1163 Schultz-Zeyden, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1906. 1164 Henneberg, Berl. med. Ges., February 18, 1903. 1165 WestenhÖffer, Verein f. innere Med., Berlin, May 7, 1906. 1166 Munk, Wien. med. Presse, xxi. 1167 Vesescu, loc. cit. 1168 Roorda-Smit, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1906. 1169 Lesbini, loc. cit. 1170 Hector, Lancet, 1902. 1171 Wohlfahrt, “De vermibus per nares excretis,” Norimbergae, 1770. 1172 Portschinsky, “Norae Soc. entomolog. Rossicae,” 1875. 1173 Joseph, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 1174 GerstÄcker, “Sitzungsberichte d. Ges. f. naturf. Freunde in Berlin,” 1875. 1175 LÖw, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1883, xxxi. 1176 Cloquet, see Schultz-Zehden, loc. cit. 1177 Freund, Ges. f. innere Med. in Wien, December 5, 1901; and Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1910, li. 1178 Balzer and Schimpff, Annal. de Derm. et de Syph., 1902. 1179 Brandt, Wratsch, 1888. 1180 Lelean, Brit. Med. Journ., 1904. 1181 [Numerous instances of attacks by Auchmeromyia are known and referred to under that genus, pp.593–4. The species referred to here is not depressa, Walker.—F.V.T.] 1182 Goudot, Annal. d. Sci. nat., 1845. 1183 Poilroux, Journ de MÉd., Chir., etc., 1809. 1184 [Hypoderma linearis is frequently confused with H. bovis.—F.V.T.] 1185 Kirschmann, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1881. 1186 LÖw, Wien. med. Wochenschr., 1882. 1187 Joseph, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885. 1188 Razoux, Journ. de MÉd., Chir., etc., 1758. 1189 v. Frantzius, Virchow’s Archiv, 1868, xliii. 1190 [The Oestrides appear to lay their ova on the hair of animals. They do not puncture the skin.—F.V.T.] 1191 Wilms, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1897. 1192 Adams, Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc., 1904. 1193 Ed. and Et. Sergent, Annal. de l’Inst. Pasteur, 1907. 1194 Strauch, Journ. of Cut. Dis., 1906. 1195 Schlesinger and Weichselbaum, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1902, i. 1196 Wirsing, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 1906, lx. 1197 Pottiez, Bull. de l’Acad. royale de MÉd. de Belgique, xv. 1198 Krause, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1886, xvii. 1199 Pasquale, Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1891. 1200 Peiper, “Fliegenlarv. als gelegentl. Parasiten d. Menschen,” Berlin, 1900. 1201 Csokor, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1901, p.129. 1202 Salzmann, WÜrttemberg. med. Korrespondenzbl. 1883, liii. 1203 [This is presumably Homalomyia (Fannia) scalaris.—F.V.T.] 1204 [This fly, common in houses, is known as Homalomyia canicularis, and the next belongs to the same genus.—F.V.T.] 1205 [This fly belongs to the genus Calliphora, not Musca.—F.V.T.] 1206 Joseph, Deutsch. med. Zeitg., 1885 and 1887. 1207 Staniek, see Schlesinger and Weichselbaum, p.47. 1208 Peiper, “Fliegenlarv. als gelegentl. Parasiten d. Menschen,” Berlin, 1900. 1209 R.J. Lee, Journ. Clin. Soc. Lond., November 27, 1874. 1210 Dickinson, Fox and Duckworth, ibid., 1875. 1211 Crocker, “Diseases of the Skin,” 1893; “Atlas of the Diseases of the Skin.” 1212 v. Neumann and Rille, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1895; Dermatologenkongr., Graz, 1895. 1213 v. Samson-Himmelstjerna, Wratsch, 1895; Arch. f. Derm. u. Syph., 1897. 1214 Sokoloff, Wratsch, 1896. 1215 Rawnitzky, Derm. Zeitschr., v, p.704. 1216 Cholodowsky, Wratsch, 1896. 1217 Stelwagon, Journ. Cut. Dis., xxii, 8. 1218 Ehrmann, Wien. derm. Ges., November 17, 1897. 1219 v. Harlingen, Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci., 1902. 1220 Lenglet and Delaunay, Annal. de Derm. et de Syph., 1904. 1221 Kengsep, Derm. Centralbl., 1906, vii. 1222 Hamburger, Journ. of Cut. Dis., 1904. 1223 v. Harlingen, loc. cit. 1224 Bruno, v. Rille and Riecke, “Handb. d. Hautkrankh. v. Mracek.” 1225 Ehrmann, loc. cit. 1226 Brodier and Fouquet, Bull. de la Soc. franÇ. d. Derm., 1904. 1227 Rawnitzky, loc. cit. 1228 Morris, Brit. Journ. Derm., 1896. 1229 Schmid, Verein der Aerzte in Steiermark, February 12, 1900. 1230 Shelmire, Journ. Cut. Dis., 1905. 1231 Kumberg, St. Petersb. med. Wochenschr., 1898. 1232 Boas, Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm., 1907, xliv. 1233 Kaposi, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1898. 1234 Topsent, Arch. de Par., 1901. 1235 [This is extremely unlikely, as the bots of Hypoderma only live for nine or ten months at the most!—F.V.T.] 1236 Quortrup and Boas, Hospitalstid., 1907. 1237 Rille and Riecke, “Handb. d. Hautkrankh.,” v. Mracek, 1907, iv. 1238 Shelmire, loc. cit. 1239 Stelwagon, loc. cit. 1240 Crocker, loc. cit. 1241 v. Harlingen, loc. cit. 1242 Moorhead, Texas Med. News, 1906. 1243 Hutchins, Journ. Cut. Dis., 1906. 1244 Lenglet and Delaunay, loc. cit. 1245 v. Harlingen, loc. cit. 1246 Kensep, loc. cit. 1247 Meade and Freeman, Brit. Journ. Derm., October, 1906. 1248 Journ. of Parasitol., i, p.159. 1249 Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. and Prevent. Med., ii, p.680. 1250 Ibid., p.627; New York Med. Journ., May 1, 1915, ci, p.886. 1251 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.571. 1252 Ind. Med. Gaz., l, p.5. 1253 Zool. Anzeiger, xliv, pp.203, 206; and ibid., xxxix, p.678. 1254 Zool. Anzeiger, xliv, p.210. 1255 Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci., lv, p.241. 1256 Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, ii, p.67. 1257 Arch. f. Protistenk., xxxv, p.197. 1258 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxv, p.527. 1259 C.R. Acad. Sci., clx, p.543. 1260 Proc. Camb. Philosoph. Soc., xviii, p.137; and Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., ix, p. 335. 1261 Parasitology, viii, p.128. 1262 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., ix, p.335. 1263 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vii, p.577. 1264 Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg., vii, p.259. 1265 Ibid., viii, p.201. 1266 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., ix, p.391. 1267 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., ix, p.402. 1268 Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., vii, pt. 1, p.47. 1269 Journ. Infect. Dis., xvii, p.95. 1270 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., viii, p.241. 1271 Ibid., p.229. 1272 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1910, p.694. 1273 “Amoebiasis and the Dysenteries,” p.8. 1274 Journ. Med. Research, xxv, p.263; and Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., viii, p.56. 1275 Journ. Exper. Med., xviii, p.252. 1276 See Sleeping Sickness Bulletin (1909), i, No. 8, p.287. 1277 C.R. Soc. Biol., lxi, p.550. 1278 C.R. Acad. Sci., cxlvi, p.842. 1279 Annals Trop. Med. and Parasitol., vi, p.331. 1280 “The Microtomist’s Vade Mecum” (7th edition, 1913). London: J. and A. Churchill. 1281 “PrÉcis de Microscopie” (1913). Paris: Masson et Cie. 1282 Proc. Roy. Soc., B, lxxxii, p.411. 1283 “Physiological Histology,” 1902, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Return to transcriber’s notes Spelling inconsistencies: Spelling corrections: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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