| CHAPTER I |
| PAGE |
| INTRODUCTION | 1 |
| The Romans in Wales—Cunedda—Christianity—Arrival of Saxons—Their Conquest of Severn Valley—The Latin and Welsh Churches—The Three Divisions of Wales—Arrival of Danes—Strathclyde Britons Occupy Vale of Clwyd—Howel Dda and His Laws—Growing Intercourse between Welsh and Saxons—Llewelyn I.—Griffith ap Llewelyn—Harold’s Invasions of Wales—Arrival of Normans—William I. and William Rufus in Wales—Norman Conquest of Glamorgan—The Flemings Settle in Pembroke—Wars between Owen Gwynedd and Henry II.—Howel ap Owen Gwynedd—Dafydd ap Owen Gwynedd—Giraldus Cambrensis on the Welsh—Religious Awakening in the Twelfth Century—Powys and the English Power—Llewelyn the Great, 1195—King John’s Invasion of Wales—Llewelyn recognised as Ruler of All Wales—Dafydd ap Llewelyn Succeeds—He Persecutes his Brother Griffith and Makes War on the English—Henry III. in Wales—Llewelyn ap Griffith, Last Prince in Wales—Long Struggle against Henry III. and Edward I.—Death of Llewelyn and his Brother Dafydd—Final Conquest of Wales—Edward I. Enacts Statutes of Rhuddlan, Builds Castles, and Provides for the Future Government of the Country—Wales between the Conquest and Glyndwr’s Rising. | |
| CHAPTER II |
| BIRTH AND EARLY LIFE, 1359-1399 | 82 |
| Owen’s Birth and Descent—His Youth—His Connection with Henry IV. and Richard II.—Sycherth—Glyndyfrdwy—Marriage—Family. | |
| CHAPTER III |
| GLYNDWR AND LORD GREY OF RUTHIN, 1400-1401 | 110 |
| Lord Grey of Ruthin—Anglo-Welsh Towns—Owen’s Unsuccessful Lawsuit—Contemptuous Treatment by the English Court—Bad Faith of Grey towards Owen—Griffith ap David—Grey Appeals for Aid against Welsh Insurgents—Grey’s Attempt to Capture Owen—Owen Assumes the Leadership—Iolo Goch—Owen Raids Ruthin—The King Invades Wales but to no Purpose—The Prince of Wales Left in Command at Chester—Owen Winters at Glyndyfrdwy. | |
| CHAPTER IV |
| OWEN AND THE PERCYS, 1401 | 135 |
| Hotspur in North Wales—Prince Henry—Conway Taken by the Welsh—Retaken by the English—Percy Acts against the Welsh—Owen Goes to Plinlimmon—War Carried to the South—Flemings of Pembroke Defeated by Glyndwr—Owen Triumphs in South Wales—King Henry again Invades Wales—The King in Cardigan—Invasion without Result—The English Army Retires to Shrewsbury—Owen and the Percys—Welsh Social Divisions—Owen Captures Grey at Ruthin—Grey Held to Ransom. | |
| CHAPTER V |
| THE KING AND HOTSPUR, 1402 | 163 |
| Portents—Bishop Trevor—Howel Sele—Mortimer Defeated at Pilleth, and Taken Prisoner—The King Refuses to Ransom Mortimer—Glyndwr in Carnarvonshire—Great Invasion of Wales by King Henry—Magic and Tempests Overwhelm the English Advance—Defeat of the Scots at Homildon—Hotspur and the King Dispute about Scottish Prisoners—Mortimer Invites His Radnor Tenants to Join Glyndwr. | |
| CHAPTER VI |
| THE BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY, 1403 | 185 |
| The King in Need of Money—Prince Henry at Shrewsbury—He Destroys Owen’s Property—Letter from the Prince Concerning this—Glyndwr in the Vale of Towy—Victory of Anglo-Flemings near Carmarthen—Urgent Appeal for Royal Assistance from Brecon—Petitions for the Same from Herefordshire—The Welsh Overrun Western Herefordshire—Glyndwr at Carmarthen—He Consults a Soothsayer—The Plot of the Percys—Battle of Shrewsbury—Glyndwr’s Connection with the Movement—He Appears in Flint—The King Prepares for the Invasion of Wales. | |
| CHAPTER VII |
| OWEN AND THE FRENCH, 1403-1404 | 212 |
| Beleaguered Castles—The King Invades Wales—He Reaches Carmarthen and Hurries Home Again—Glyndwr Takes more Castles and harries Herefordshire—The French Land at Carmarthen—Anglesey—Carnarvon—Glyndwr Captures Harlech—He Calls a Parliament at Machynlleth—Davy Gam—Glyndwr Sends Ambassadors to Paris—Bishop Trevor Joins the Welsh—Herefordshire and the English Borders Ravaged—Urgent Appeals for Succour to the King—The Earl of Warwick Defeats Glyndwr—Glyndwr Gains a Victory—He Forces Shropshire to Make Terms—Owen’s Court at Harlech—Iolo Goch. | |
| CHAPTER VIII |
| WELSH REVERSES, 1405 | 237 |
| Desolation of Wales—Owen’s Methods of Warfare—Country Houses of the Period—Welsh Rural Life and Population—Glyndwr Not a Rebel—Lady Despencer and the Young Princes—Prince Henry’s Letter on the Battle—Welsh Defeated at Mynydd-y-Pwll-Melyn—Owen’s Brother Killed, and his Son Captured—The Percys Rise in the North—Depression among Owen’s Followers—Landing of the French at Milford—The Allies March to Worcester—Battle of Woodbury Hill—Retreat of Franco-Welsh Army to Wales—King Henry Unsuccessfully Invades Wales—Cadogan of the Battle-axe—Departure of the French—Pembroke Makes Terms with Owen. | |
| CHAPTER IX |
| THE TRIPARTITE INDENTURE, 1406 | 263 |
| The Tripartite Indenture—Defeat and Execution of Lord Percy and Bardolph—Owen’s Letter from Pennal to the King of France—The Papal Schism—Owen’s Star Waning—Anglesey—Dejection in the Vale of Towy—Glyndwr’s Lonely Wanderings—The Valle Crucis Story—The Berkrolles’ Story—Iolo Goch’s Lament. | |
| CHAPTER X |
| ABERYSTWITH. OWEN’S POWER DECLINES, 1407-1409 | 284 |
| Owen’s Movements Vague—The King Failing in Health but Anxious to Enter Wales—Preparations for Siege of Aberystwith—The King Shr
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