Germany the chief power in Europe in the twelfth century—Rise of Italian influence—The Emmeram MSS.—Coronation of HenryII.—The Apocalypse—The “Hortus Deliciarum”—Romanesque—MS. of Henry the Lion—The NiedermÜnster Gospels—Description of the MS.—Rise of Gothic—Uncertainty of its origin—The spirit of the age