Copyright: Its History and Its Law

APPENDIXES

R. R. Bowker

I

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: COPYRIGHT PROVISIONS

1. UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT CODE OF 1909

An Act to amend and consolidate the Acts respecting Copyright

Exclusive right to print, publish and vend

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any person entitled thereto, upon complying with the provisions of this Act, shall have the exclusive right:

(a) To print, reprint, publish, copy, and vend the copyrighted work;

To translate, dramatize arrange and adapt, etc.

(b) To translate the copyrighted work into other languages or dialects, or make any other version thereof, if it be a literary work; to dramatize it if it be a non-dramatic work; to convert it into a novel or other non-dramatic work if it be a drama; to arrange or adapt it if it be a musical work; to complete, execute, and finish it if it be a model or design for a work of art;

To deliver lectures, sermons, etc.

(c) To deliver or authorize the delivery of the copyrighted work in public for profit if it be a lecture, sermon, address, or similar production;

To represent dramatic works, or make record, or exhibit or perform, etc.

(d) To perform or represent the copyrighted work publicly if it be a drama or, if it be a dramatic work and not reproduced in copies for sale, to vend any manuscript or any record whatsoever thereof; to make or to procure the making of any transcription or record thereof by or from which, in whole or in part, it may in any manner or by any method be exhibited, performed, represented, produced, or reproduced; and to exhibit, perform, represent, produce, or reproduce it in any manner or by any method whatsoever;

To perform music and make arrangement, setting, or record
Act not retroactive.
Music by foreign author
Control of mechanical musical reproduction
Royalty for use of music on records, etc.
Notice of use of music on records
License to use music on records

(e) To perform the copyrighted work publicly for profit if it be a musical composition and for the purpose of public performance for profit; and for the purposes set forth in subsection (a) hereof, to make any arrangement or setting of it or of the melody of it in any system of notation or any form of record in which the thought of an author may be recorded and from which it may be read or reproduced: Provided, That the provisions of this Act, so far as they secure copyright controlling the parts of instruments serving to reproduce mechanically the musical work, shall include only compositions published and copyrighted after this Act goes into effect, and shall not include the works of a foreign author or composer unless the foreign state or nation of which such author or composer is a citizen or subject grants, either by treaty, convention, agreement, or law, to citizens of the United States similar rights: And provided further, and as a condition of extending the copyright control to such mechanical reproductions, That whenever the owner of a musical copyright has used or permitted or knowingly acquiesced in the use of the copyrighted work upon the parts of instruments serving to reproduce mechanically the musical work, any other person may make similar use of the copyrighted work upon the payment to the copyright proprietor of a royalty of two cents on each such part manufactured, to be paid by the manufacturer thereof; and the copyright proprietor may require, and if so the manufacturer shall furnish, a report under oath on the twentieth day of each month on the number of parts of instruments manufactured during the previous month serving to reproduce mechanically said musical work, and royalties shall be due on the parts manufactured during any month upon the twentieth of the next succeeding month. The payment of the royalty provided for by this section shall free the articles or devices for which such royalty has been paid from further contribution to the copyright except in case of public performance for profit: And provided further, That it shall be the duty of the copyright owner, if he uses the musical composition himself for the manufacture of parts of instruments serving to reproduce mechanically the musical work, or licenses others to do so, to file notice thereof, accompanied by a recording fee, in the copyright office, and any failure to file such notice shall be a complete defense to any suit, action, or proceeding for any infringement of such copyright.

Failure to pay royalties

In case of the failure of such manufacturer to pay to the copyright proprietor within thirty days after demand in writing the full sum of royalties due at said rate at the date of such demand the court may award taxable costs to the plaintiff and a reasonable counsel fee, and the court may, in its discretion, enter judgment therein for any sum in addition over the amount found to be due as royalty in accordance with the terms of this Act, not exceeding three times such amount.

Reproduction of music on coin-operated machines

The reproduction or rendition of a musical composition by or upon coin-operated machines shall not be deemed a public performance for profit unless a fee is charged for admission to the place where such reproduction or rendition occurs.

Right at common law or in equity

Sec. 2. That nothing in this Act shall be construed to annul or limit the right of the author or proprietor of an unpublished work, at common law or in equity, to prevent the copying, publication, or use of such unpublished work without his consent, and to obtain damages therefor.

Component parts of copyrightable work
Composite works or periodicals

Sec. 3. That the copyright provided by this Act shall protect all the copyrightable component parts of the work copyrighted, and all matter therein in which copyright is already subsisting, but without extending the duration or scope of such copyright. The copyright upon composite works or periodicals shall give to the proprietor thereof all the rights in respect thereto which he would have if each part were individually copyrighted under this Act.

Works protected

Sec. 4. That the works for which copyright may be secured under this Act shall include all the writings of an author.

Classification of copyright works

Sec. 5. That the application for registration shall specify to which of the following classes the work in which copyright is claimed belongs:

(a) Books, including composite and cyclopÆdic works, directories, gazetteers, and other compilations;

(b) Periodicals, including newspapers; (c) Lectures, sermons, addresses, prepared for oral delivery;

(d) Dramatic or dramatico-musical compositions;

(e) Musical compositions;

(f) Maps;

(g) Works of art; models or designs for works of art;

(h) Reproductions of a work of art;

(i) Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical character;

(j) Photographs;

(k) Prints and pictorial illustrations:

Classification does not limit copyright

Provided, nevertheless, That the above specifications shall not be held to limit the subject-matter of copyright as defined in section four of this Act, nor shall any error in classification invalidate or impair the copyright protection secured under this Act.

Compilations, abridgements, dramatizations, translations, new editions
Subsisting copyright not affected

Sec. 6. That compilations or abridgements, adaptations, arrangements, dramatizations, translations, or other versions of works in the public domain, or of copyrighted works when produced with the consent of the proprietor of the copyright in such works, or works republished with new matter, shall be regarded as new works subject to copyright under the provisions of this Act; but the publication of any such new works shall not affect the force or validity of any subsisting copyright upon the matter employed or any part thereof, or be construed to imply an exclusive right to such use of the original works, or to secure or extend copyright in such original works.

Not subject-matter of copyright: works in public domain; government publications

Sec. 7. That no copyright shall subsist in the original text of any work which is in the public domain, or in any work which was published in this country or any foreign country prior to the going into effect of this Act and has not been already copyrighted in the United States, or in any publication of the United States Government, or any reprint, in whole or in part, thereof: Provided, however That the publication or republication by the Government, either separately or in a public document, of any material in which copyright is subsisting shall not be taken to cause any abridgement or annulment of the copyright or to authorize any use or appropriation of such copyright material without the consent of the copyright proprietor.

Sec. 8. That the author or proprietor of any work made the subject of copyright by this Act, or his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall have copyright for such work under the conditions and for the terms specified in this Act: Provided, however, That the copyright secured by this Act shall extend to the work of an author or proprietor who is a citizen or subject of a foreign state or nation, only:

Alien authors domiciled in U.S.

(a) When an alien author or proprietor shall be domiciled within the United States at the time of the first publication of his work; or

Authors, when citizens of countries granting reciprocal rights
International agreement

(b) When the foreign state or nation of which such author or proprietor is a citizen or subject grants, either by treaty, convention, agreement, or law, to citizens of the United States the benefit of copyright on substantially the same basis as to its own citizens, or copyright protection substantially equal to the protection secured to such foreign author under this Act, or by treaty; or when such foreign state or nation is a party to an international agreement which provides for reciprocity in the granting of copyright, by the terms of which agreement the United States may, at its pleasure, become a party thereto.

Presidential proclamation

The existence of the reciprocal conditions aforesaid shall be determined by the President of the United States, by proclamation made from time to time, as the purposes of this Act may require.

Publication with notice initiates copyright

Sec. 9. That any person entitled thereto by this Act may secure copyright for his work by publication thereof with the notice of copyright required by this Act; and such notice shall be affixed to each copy thereof published or offered for sale in the United States by authority of the copyright proprietor, except in the case of books seeking ad interim protection under section twenty-one of this Act.

Registration of copyright
Copyright certificate

Sec. 10. That such person may obtain registration of his claim to copyright by complying with the provisions of this Act, including the deposit of copies, and upon such compliance the register of copyright shall issue to him the certificate provided for in section fifty-five of this Act.

Copyright protection of unpublished works: lectures, dramas, music, etc.
Deposit of copies after publicationSec. 11. That copyright may also be had of the works of an author of which copies are not reproduced for sale, by the deposit, with claim of copyright, of one complete copy of such work if it be a lecture or similar production or a dramatic or musical composition; of a photographic print if the work be a photograph; or of a photograph or other identifying reproduction thereof if it be a work of art or a plastic work or drawing. But the privilege of registration of copyright secured hereunder shall not exempt the copyright proprietor from the deposit of copies under sections twelve and thirteen of this Act where the work is later reproduced in copies for sale.

Two complete copies of best edition
Periodical contributions
Work not reproduced in copies for sale
No action for infringement until deposit of copies

Sec. 12. That after copyright has been secured by publication of the work with the notice of copyright as provided in section nine of this Act, there shall be promptly deposited in the copyright office or in the mail addressed to the register of copyrights, Washington, District of Columbia, two complete copies of the best edition thereof then published, which copies, if the work be a book or periodical, shall have been produced in accordance with the manufacturing provisions specified in section fifteen of this Act; or if such work be a contribution to a periodical, for which contribution special registration is requested, one copy of the issue or issues containing such contribution; or if the work is not reproduced in copies for sale, there shall be deposited the copy, print, photograph, or other identifying reproduction provided by section eleven of this Act, such copies or copy, print, photograph, or other reproduction to be accompanied in each case by a claim of copyright. No action or proceeding shall be maintained for infringement of copyright in any work until the provisions of this Act with respect to the deposit of copies and registration of such work shall have been complied with.

Failure to deposit copies
Register of copyrights may demand copies
Fine $100 and retail price of 2 copies, best edition
Forfeiture of copyright

Sec. 13. That should the copies called for by section twelve of this Act not be promptly deposited as herein provided, the register of copyrights may at any time after the publication of the work, upon actual notice, require the proprietor of the copyright to deposit them, and after the said demand shall have been made, in default of the deposit of copies of the work within three months from any part of the United States, except an outlying territorial possession of the United States, or within six months from any outlying territorial possession of the United States, or from any foreign country, the proprietor of the copyright shall be liable to a fine of one hundred dollars and to pay to the Library of Congress twice the amount of the retail price of the best edition of the work, and the copyright shall become void.

Postmaster's receipt

Sec. 14. That the postmaster to whom are delivered the articles deposited as provided in sections eleven and twelve of this Act shall, if requested, give a receipt therefor and shall mail them to their destination without cost to the copyright claimant.

Printed from type set within U.S.
Book in foreign language excepted
Lithographic or photo-engraving process
Printing and binding of the book
Illustrations in a book
Separate lithographs and photo-engravings
Books for blind excepted
Books in foreign languages excepted

Sec. 15. That of the printed book or periodical specified in section five, subsections (a) and (b) of this Act, except the original text of a book of foreign origin in a language or languages other than English, the text of all copies accorded protection under this Act, except as below provided, shall be printed from type set within the limits of the United States, either by hand or by the aid of any kind of type-setting machine, or from plates made within the limits of the United States from type set therein, or, if the text be produced by lithographic process, or photo-engraving process, then by a process wholly performed within the limits of the United States, and the printing of the text and binding of the said book shall be performed within the limits of the United States; which requirements shall extend also to the illustrations within a book consisting of printed text and illustrations produced by lithographic process, or photo-engraving process, and also to separate lithographs or photo-engravings, except where in either case the subjects represented are located in a foreign country and illustrate a scientific work or reproduce a work of art; but they shall not apply to works in raised characters for the use of the blind, or to books of foreign origin in a language or languages other than English, or to books published abroad in the English language seeking ad interim protection under this Act.

Affidavit of American manufacture
Printing and binding of the book
Establishment where printing was done
Date of publicationSec. 16. That in the case of the book the copies so deposited shall be accompanied by an affidavit, under the official seal of any officer authorized to administer oaths within the United States, duly made by the person claiming copyright or by his duly authorized agent or representative residing in the United States, or by the printer who has printed the book, setting forth that the copies deposited have been printed from type set within the limits of the United States or from plates made within the limits of the United States from type set therein; or, if the text be produced by lithographic process, or photo-engraving process, that such process was wholly performed within the limits of the United States, and that the printing of the text and binding of the said book have also been performed within the limits of the United States. Such affidavit shall state also the place where and the establishment or establishments in which such type was set or plates were made or lithographic process, or photo-engraving process or printing and binding were performed and the date of the completion of the printing of the book or the date of publication.

False affidavit, a misdemeanor; fine, $1,000 and forfeiture of copyright

Sec. 17. That any person who, for the purpose of obtaining registration of a claim to copyright, shall knowingly make a false affidavit as to his having complied with the above conditions shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, and all of his rights and privileges under said copyright shall thereafter be forfeited.

Notice of copyright
Notice on maps, copies of works of art, photographs, and prints
Notice on accessible portion
Notice on existing copyright works [See footnote below]

Sec. 18. That the notice of copyright[2] required by section nine of this Act shall consist either of the word "Copyright" or the abbreviation "Copr." accompanied by the name of the copyright proprietor, and if the work be a printed literary, musical, or dramatic work, the notice shall include also the year in which the copyright was secured by publication. In the case, however, of copies of works specified in subsections (f) to (k), inclusive, of section five of this Act, the notice may consist of the letter C inclosed within a circle, thus: ©, accompanied by the initials, monogram, mark, or symbol of the copyright proprietor: Provided, That on some accessible portion of such copies or of the margin, back, permanent base, or pedestal, or of the substance on which such copies shall be mounted, his name shall appear. But in the case of works in which copyright is subsisting when this Act shall go into effect, the notice of copyright may be either in one of the forms prescribed herein or in one of those prescribed by the Act of June eighteenth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four.

Notice of copyright on book
On periodical
One notice in each volume or periodical

Sec. 19. That the notice of copyright shall be applied, in the case of a book or other printed publication, upon its title-page or the page immediately following, or if a periodical either upon the title-page or upon the first page of text of each separate number or under the title heading, or if a musical work either upon its title-page or the first page of music: Provided, That one notice of copyright in each volume or in each number of a newspaper or periodical published shall suffice.

Omission of notice by accident or mistake
Innocent infringement

Sec. 20. That where the copyright proprietor has sought to comply with the provisions of this Act with respect to notice, the omission by accident or mistake of the prescribed notice from a particular copy or copies shall not invalidate the copyright or prevent recovery for infringement against any person who, after actual notice of the copyright, begins an undertaking to infringe it, but shall prevent the recovery of damages against an innocent infringer, who has been misled by the omission of the notice; and in a suit for infringement no permanent injunction shall be had unless the copyright proprietor shall reimburse to the innocent infringer his reasonable outlay, innocently incurred, if the court, in its discretion, shall so direct.

Book published abroad in the English language
Ad interim copyright for 30 daysSec. 21. That in the case of a book published abroad in the English language before publication in this country, the deposit in the copyright office, not later than thirty days after its publication abroad, of one complete copy of the foreign edition, with a request for the reservation of the copyright and a statement of the name and nationality of the author and of the copyright proprietor and of the date of publication of the said book, shall secure to the author or proprietor an ad interim copyright, which shall have all the force and effect given to copyright by this Act, and shall endure until the expiration of thirty days after such deposit in the copyright office.

Extension to full term
Deposit of copies, filing of affidavit

Sec. 22. That whenever within the period of such ad interim protection an authorized edition of such book shall be published within the United States, in accordance with the manufacturing provisions specified in section fifteen of this Act, and whenever the provisions of this Act as to deposit of copies, registration, filing of affidavit, and the printing of the copyright notice shall have been duly complied with, the copyright shall be extended to endure in such book for the full term elsewhere provided in this Act.

Duration of copyright: 1st term, 28 years
Posthumous works, periodicals, cyclopÆdic or composite works
Renewal term 28 years
Other copyrighted works, first term 28 years
Renewal term 28 years; to author, widow, children, heirs or next of kin
Notice that renewal term is desired
Copyright ends in 28 years unless renewed

Sec. 23. That the copyright secured by this Act shall endure for twenty-eight years from the date of first publication, whether the copyrighted work bears the author's true name or is published anonymously or under an assumed name: Provided, That in the case of any posthumous work or of any periodical, cyclopÆdic, or other composite work upon which the copyright was originally secured by the proprietor thereof, or of any work copyrighted by a corporate body (otherwise than as assignee or licensee of the individual author) or by an employer for whom such work is made for hire, the proprietor of such copyright shall be entitled to a renewal and extension of the copyright in such work for the further term of twenty-eight years when application for such renewal and extension shall have been made to the copyright office and duly registered therein within one year prior to the expiration of the original term of copyright: And provided further, That in the case of any other copyrighted work, including a contribution by an individual author to a periodical or to a cyclopÆdic or other composite work when such contribution has been separately registered, the author of such work, if still living, or the widow, widower, or children of the author, if the author be not living, or if such author, widow, widower, or children be not living, then the author's executors, or in the absence of a will, his next of kin shall be entitled to a renewal and extension of the copyright in such work for a further term of twenty-eight years when application for such renewal and extension shall have been made to the copyright office and duly registered therein within one year prior to the expiration of the original term of copyright: And provided further, That in default of the registration of such application for renewal and extension, the copyright in any work shall determine at the expiration of twenty-eight years from first publication.

Extension of subsisting copyrights
Proprietor entitled to renewal for composite work
Renewal application

Sec. 24. That the copyright subsisting in any work at the time when this Act goes into effect may, at the expiration of the term provided for under existing law, be renewed and extended by the author of such work if still living, or the widow, widower, or children of the author, if the author be not living, or if such author, widow, widower, or children be not living, then by the author's executors, or in the absence of a will, his next of kin, for a further period such that the entire term shall be equal to that secured by this Act, including the renewal period: Provided, however, That if the work be a composite work upon which copyright was originally secured by the proprietor thereof, then such proprietor shall be entitled to the privilege of renewal and extension granted under this section: Provided, That application for such renewal and extension shall be made to the copyright office and duly registered therein within one year prior to the expiration of the existing term.

Infringement of copyright

Sec. 25. That if any person shall infringe the copyright in any work protected under the copyright laws of the United States such person shall be liable:

Injunction

(a) To an injunction restraining such infringement;

Damages
Proving sales
Newspaper reproduction of photograph; recovery, $50-$200
Maximum recovery, $5,000
Minimum recovery, $250

(b) To pay to the copyright proprietor such damages as the copyright proprietor may have suffered due to the infringement, as well as all the profits which the infringer shall have made from such infringement, and in proving profits the plaintiff shall be required to prove sales only and the defendant shall be required to prove every element of cost which he claims, or in lieu of actual damages and profits such damages as to the court shall appear to be just, and in assessing such damages the court may, in its discretion, allow the amounts as hereinafter stated, but in the case of a newspaper reproduction of a copyrighted photograph such damages shall not exceed the sum of two hundred dollars nor be less than the sum of fifty dollars, and such damages shall in no other case exceed the sum of five thousand dollars nor be less than the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars, and shall not be regarded as a penalty:

Painting, statue, or sculpture, $10 per copy

First. In the case of a painting, statue, or sculpture ten dollars for every infringing copy made or sold by or found in the possession of the infringer or his agents or employees;

Other works, $1 per copy

Second. In the case of any work enumerated in section five of this Act, except a painting, statue, or sculpture, one dollar for every infringing copy made or sold by or found in the possession of the infringer or his agents or employees;

Lectures, $50

Third. In the case of a lecture, sermon, or address, fifty dollars for every infringing delivery;

Dramatic or musical works, $100 and $50
Other musical compositions, $10

Fourth. In the case of dramatic or dramatico-musical or a choral or orchestral composition, one hundred dollars for the first and fifty dollars for every subsequent infringing performance; in the case of other musical compositions, ten dollars for every infringing performance;

Delivering up infringing articles

(c) To deliver up on oath, to be impounded during the pendency of the action, upon such terms and conditions as the court may prescribe, all articles alleged to infringe a copyright;

Destruction

(d) To deliver up on oath for destruction all the infringing copies or devices, as well as all plates, molds, matrices or other means for making such infringing copies as the court may order;

Infringement by mechanical instruments
Injunction may be granted
Recovery of royalty
Notice to proprietor of intention to use
Damages, three times amount provided
Temporary injunction

(e) Whenever the owner of a musical copyright has used or permitted the use of the copyrighted work upon the parts of musical instruments serving to reproduce mechanically the musical work, then in case of infringement of such copyright by the unauthorized manufacture, use, or sale of interchangeable parts, such as disks, rolls, bands, or cylinders for use in mechanical music-producing machines adapted to reproduce the copyrighted music, no criminal action shall be brought, but in a civil action an injunction may be granted upon such terms as the court may impose, and the plaintiff shall be entitled to recover in lieu of profits and damages a royalty as provided in section one, subsection (e), of this Act: Provided also, That whenever any person, in the absence of a license agreement, intends to use a copyrighted musical composition upon the parts of instruments serving to reproduce mechanically the musical work, relying upon the compulsory license provision of this Act, he shall serve notice of such intention, by registered mail, upon the copyright proprietor at his last address disclosed by the records of the copyright office, sending to the copyright office a duplicate of such notice; and in case of his failure so to do the court may, in its discretion, in addition to sums hereinabove mentioned, award the complainant a further sum, not to exceed three times the amount provided by section one, subsection (e), by way of damages, and not as a penalty, and also a temporary injunction until the full award is paid.

Rules for practice and procedure

Rules and regulations for practice and procedure under this section shall be prescribed by the Supreme Court of the United States.

Judgment enforcing remedies

Sec. 26. That any court given jurisdiction under section thirty-four of this Act may proceed in any action, suit, or proceeding instituted for violation of any provision hereof to enter a judgment or decree enforcing the remedies herein provided.

Proceedings, injunction, etc., may be united in one action

Sec. 27. That the proceedings for an injunction, damages, and profits, and those for the seizure of infringing copies, plates, molds, matrices, and so forth, aforementioned, may be united in one action.

Penalty for willful infringement
Oratorios, cantatas, etc. may be performed

Sec. 28. That any person who willfully and for profit shall infringe any copyright secured by this Act, or who shall knowingly and willfully aid or abet such infringement, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment for not exceeding one year or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, or both, in the discretion of the court: Provided, however, That nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to prevent the performance of religious or secular works, such as oratorios, cantatas, masses, or octavo choruses by public schools, church choirs or vocal societies, rented, borrowed, or obtained from some public library, public school, church choir, school choir, or vocal society, provided the performance is given for charitable or educational purposes and not for profit.

False notice of copyright (penalty for)
Fraudulent removal of notice; fine $100-$1,000
Issuing, selling, or importing article bearing false notice; fine $100

Sec. 29. That any person who, with fraudulent intent, shall insert or impress any notice of copyright required by this Act, or words of the same purport, in or upon any uncopyrighted article, or with fraudulent intent shall remove or alter the copyright notice upon any article duly copyrighted shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and not more than one thousand dollars. Any person who shall knowingly issue or sell any article bearing a notice of United States copyright which has not been copyrighted in this country, or who shall knowingly import any article bearing such notice or words of the same purport, which has not been copyrighted in this country, shall be liable to a fine of one hundred dollars.

Importation prohibited of articles bearing false notice and piratical copies

Sec. 30. That the importation into the United States of of any article bearing a false notice of copyright when there is no existing copyright thereon in the United States, or of any piratical copies of any work copyrighted in the United States, is prohibited.

Prohibition of importation of books
Exceptions to prohibition

Sec. 31. That during the existence of the American copyright in any book the importation into the United States of any piratical copies thereof or of any copies thereof (although authorized by the author or proprietor) which have not been produced in accordance with the manufacturing provisions specified in section fifteen of this Act, or any plates of the same not made from type set within the limits of the United States, or any copies thereof produced by lithographic or photo-engraving process not performed within the limits of the United States, in accordance with the provisions of section fifteen of this Act, shall be, and is hereby, prohibited: Provided, however, That, except as regards piratical copies, such prohibition shall not apply:

Works for the blind

(a) To works in raised characters for the use of the blind;

Foreign newspapers or magazines

(b) To a foreign newspaper or magazine, although containing matter copyrighted in the United States printed or reprinted by authority of the copyright proprietor, unless such newspaper or magazine contains also copyright matter printed or reprinted without such authorization;

Books in foreign languages

(c) To the authorized edition of a book in a foreign language or languages of which only a translation into English has been copyrighted in this country;

Importation of authorized foreign books permitted

(d) To any book published abroad with the authorization of the author or copyright proprietor when imported under the circumstances stated in one of the four subdivisions following, that is to say:

For individual use and not for sale

First. When imported, not more than one copy at one time, for individual use and not for sale; but such privilege of importation shall not extend to a foreign reprint of a book by an American author copyrighted in the United States;

For the use of U.S.

Second. When imported by the authority or for the use of the United States;

For the use of societies, libraries, etc.

Third. When imported, for use and not for sale, not more than one copy of any such book in any one invoice, in good faith, by or for any society or institution incorporated for educational, literary, philosophical, scientific, or religious purposes, or for the encouragement of the fine arts, or for any college, academy, school, or seminary of learning, or for any State, school, college, university, or free public library in the United States;

Libraries purchased en bloc
Books brought personally into U.S.

Fourth. When such books form parts of libraries or collections purchased en bloc for the use of societies, institutions, or libraries designated in the foregoing paragraph, or form parts of the libraries or personal baggage belonging to persons or families arriving from foreign countries and are not intended for sale:

Imported copies not to be used to violate copyright

Provided, That copies imported as above may not lawfully be used in any way to violate the rights of the proprietor of the American copyright or annul or limit the copyright protection secured by this Act, and such unlawful use shall be deemed an infringement of copyright.

Seizure of unlawfully imported copies
Copies of authorized books imported may be returned

Sec. 32. That any and all articles prohibited importation by this Act which are brought into the United States from any foreign country (except in the mails) shall be seized and forfeited by like proceedings as those provided by law for the seizure and condemnation of property imported into the United States in violation of the customs revenue laws. Such articles when forfeited shall be destroyed in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or the court, as the case may be, shall direct: Provided, however, That all copies of authorized editions of copyright books imported in the mails or otherwise in violation of the provisions of this Act may be exported and returned to the country of export whenever it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury, in a written application, that such importation does not involve willful negligence or fraud.

Secretary of Treasury and Postmaster-General to make rules to prevent unlawful importation

Sec. 33. That the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postmaster-General are hereby empowered and required to make and enforce such joint rules and regulations as shall prevent the importation into the United States in the mails of articles prohibited importation by this Act, and may require notice to be given to the Treasury Department, or Post Office Department, as the case may be, by copyright proprietors or injured parties, of the actual or contemplated importation of articles prohibited importation by this Act, and which infringe the rights of such copyright proprietors or injured parties.

Jurisdiction of courts in copyright casesSec. 34. That all actions, suits, or proceedings arising under the copyright laws of the United States shall be originally cognizable by the circuit courts of the United States, the district court of any Territory, the supreme court of the District of Columbia, the district courts of Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, and the courts of first instance of the Philippine Islands.

District in which suit may be brought

Sec. 35. That civil actions, suits, or proceedings arising under this Act may be instituted in the district of which the defendant or his agent is an inhabitant, or in which he may be found.

Injunctions may be granted

Sec. 36. That any such court or judge thereof shall have power, upon bill in equity filed by any party aggrieved, to grant injunctions to prevent and restrain the violation of any right secured by said laws, according to the course and principles of courts of equity, on such terms as said court or judge may deem reasonable. Any injunction that may be granted restraining and enjoining the doing of anything forbidden by this Act may be served on the parties against whom such injunction may be granted anywhere in the United States, and shall be operative throughout the United States and be enforceable by proceedings in contempt or otherwise by any other court or judge possessing jurisdiction of the defendants.

Certified copy of papers filed

Sec. 37. That the clerk of the court, or judge granting the injunction, shall, when required so to do by the court hearing the application to enforce said injunction, transmit without delay to said court a certified copy of all the papers in said cause that are on file in his office.

Judgments, etc., may be reviewed on appeal or writ of error

Sec. 38. That the orders, judgments, or decrees of any court mentioned in section thirty-four of this Act arising under the copyright laws of the United States may be reviewed on appeal or writ of error in the manner and to the extent now provided by law for the review of cases determined in said courts, respectively.

No criminal proceedings after three years

Sec. 39. That no criminal proceeding shall be maintained under the provisions of this Act unless the same is commenced within three years after the cause of action arose.

Full costs shall be allowedSec. 40. That in all actions, suits, or proceedings under this Act, except when brought by or against the United States or any officer thereof, full costs shall be allowed, and the court may award to the prevailing party a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs.

Sec. 41. That the copyright is distinct from the property in the material object copyrighted, and the sale or conveyance, by gift or otherwise, of the material object shall not of itself constitute a transfer of the copyright, nor shall the assignment of the copyright constitute a transfer of the title to the material object; but nothing in this Act shall be deemed to forbid, prevent, or restrict the transfer of any copy of a copyrighted work the possession of which has been lawfully obtained.

Sec. 42. That copyright secured under this or previous Acts of the United States may be assigned, granted, or mortgaged by an instrument in writing signed by the proprietor of the copyright, or may be bequeathed by will.

Assignment executed in foreign country to be acknowledged

Sec. 43. That every assignment of copyright executed in a foreign country shall be acknowledged by the assignor before a consular officer or secretary of legation of the United States authorized by law to administer oaths or perform notarial acts. The certificate of such acknowledgement under the hand and official seal of such consular officer or secretary of legation shall be prima facie evidence of the execution of the instrument.

Assignments to be recorded

Sec. 44. That every assignment of copyright shall be recorded in the copyright office within three calendar months after its execution in the United States or within six calendar months after its execution without the limits of the United States, in default of which it shall be void as against any subsequent purchaser or mortgagee for a valuable consideration, without notice, whose assignment has been duly recorded.

Sec. 45. That the register of copyright shall, upon payment of the prescribed fee, record such assignment, and shall return it to the sender with a certificate of record attached under seal of the copyright office, and upon the payment of the fee prescribed by this Act he shall furnish to any person requesting the same a certified copy thereof under the said seal.

Assignee's name may be substituted in copyright notice

Sec. 46. That when an assignment of the copyright in a specified book or other work has been recorded the assignee may substitute his name for that of the assignor in the statutory notice of copyright prescribed by this Act.

Sec. 47. That all records and other things relating to copyrights required by law to be preserved shall be kept and preserved in the copyright office, Library of Congress, District of Columbia, and shall be under the control of the register of copyrights, who shall, under the direction and supervision of the Librarian of Congress, perform all the duties relating to the registration of copyrights.

Sec. 48. That there shall be appointed by the Librarian of Congress a register of copyrights, at a salary of four thousand dollars per annum, and one assistant register of copyrights, at a salary of three thousand dollars per annum, who shall have authority during the absence of the register of copyrights to attach the copyright office seal to all papers issued from the said office and to sign such certificates and other papers as may be necessary. There shall also be appointed by the Librarian such subordinate assistants to the register as may from time to time be authorized by law.

Sec. 49. That the register of copyrights shall make daily deposits in some bank in the District of Columbia, designated for this purpose by the Secretary of the Treasury as a national depository, of all moneys received to be applied as copyright fees, and shall make weekly deposits with the Secretary of the Treasury, in such manner as the latter shall direct, of all copyright fees actually applied under the provisions of this Act, and annual deposits of sums received which it has not been possible to apply as copyright fees or to return to the remitters, and shall also make monthly reports to the Secretary of the Treasury and to the Librarian of Congress of the applied copyright fees for each calendar month, together with a statement of all remittances received, trust funds on hand, moneys refunded, and unapplied balances.

Bond of register of copyrightsSec. 50. That the register of copyrights shall give bond to the United States in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, in form to be approved by the Solicitor of the Treasury and with sureties satisfactory to the Secretary of the Treasury, for the faithful discharge of his duties.

Annual report of register of copyrights

Sec. 51. That the register of copyrights shall make an annual report to the Librarian of Congress, to be printed in the annual report on the Library of Congress, of all copyright business for the previous fiscal year, including the number and kind of works which have been deposited in the copyright office during the fiscal year, under the provisions of this Act.

Seal of copyright office

Sec. 52. That the seal provided under the Act of July eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and at present used in the copyright office, shall continue to be the seal thereof, and by it all papers issued from the copyright office requiring authentication shall be authenticated.

Rules for the registration of copyrights

Sec. 53. That, subject to the approval of the Librarian of Congress, the register of copyrights shall be authorized to make rules and regulations for the registration of claims to copyright as provided by this Act.

Record books
Entry of copyright

Sec. 54. That the register of copyrights shall provide and keep such record books in the copyright office as are required to carry out the provisions of this Act, and whenever deposit has been made in the copyright office of a copy of any work under the provisions of this Act he shall make entry thereof.

Certificate of registration
Certificate for book to state receipt of affidavit
Certificate may be given to any person
Receipt for copies deposited

Sec. 55. That in the case of each entry the person recorded as the claimant of the copyright shall be entitled to a certificate of registration under seal of the copyright office, to contain his name and address, the title of the work upon which copyright is claimed, the date of the deposit of the copies of such work, and such marks as to class designation and entry number as shall fully identify the entry. In the case of a book the certificate shall also state the receipt of the affidavit as provided by section sixteen of this Act, and the date of the completion of the printing, or the date of the publication of the book, as stated in the said affidavit. The register of copyrights shall prepare a printed form for the said certificate, to be filled out in each case as above provided for, which certificate, sealed with the seal of the copyright office, shall, upon payment of the prescribed fee, be given to any person making application for the same, and the said certificate shall be admitted in any court as prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. In addition to such certificate the register of copyrights shall furnish, upon request, without additional fee, a receipt for the copies of the work deposited to complete the registration.

Index to copyright registrations
Catalogue of copyright entries
Catalogue cards
Catalogues and indexes prima facie evidence

Sec. 56. That the register of copyrights shall fully index all copyright registrations and assignments and shall print at periodic intervals a catalogue of the titles of articles deposited and registered for copyright, together with suitable indexes, and at stated intervals shall print complete and indexed catalogues for each class of copyright entries, and may thereupon, if expedient, destroy the original manuscript catalogue cards containing the titles included in such printed volumes and representing the entries made during such intervals. The current catalogues of copyright entries and the index volumes herein provided for shall be admitted in any court as prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein as regards any copyright registration.

Distribution of catalogue of copyright entries
Subscription price
Superintendent of Documents to receive subscriptions

Sec. 57. That the said printed current catalogues as they are issued shall be promptly distributed by the copyright office to the collectors of customs of the United States and to the postmasters of all exchange offices of receipt of foreign mails, in accordance with revised lists of such collectors of customs and postmasters prepared by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postmaster-General, and they shall also be furnished to all parties desiring them at a price to be determined by the register of copyrights, not exceeding five dollars per annum for the complete catalogue of copyright entries and not exceeding one dollar per annum for the catalogues issued during the year for any one class of subjects. The consolidated catalogues and indexes shall also be supplied to all persons ordering them at such prices as may be determined to be reasonable, and all subscriptionsfor the catalogues shall be received by the Superintendent of Public Documents, who shall forward the said publications; and the moneys thus received shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States and accounted for under such laws and Treasury regulations as shall be in force at the time.

Record books, etc., open to inspection
Copies may be taken of entries in record books

Sec. 58. That the record books of the copyright office, together with the indexes to such record books, and all works deposited and retained in the copyright office, shall be open to public inspection; and copies may be taken of the copyright entries actually made in such record books, subject to such safeguards and regulations as shall be prescribed by the register of copyrights and approved by the Librarian of Congress.

Disposition of copyright deposits
Preservation of copyright deposits

Sec. 59. That of the articles deposited in the copyright office under the provisions of the copyright laws of the United States or of this Act, the Librarian of Congress shall determine what books and other articles shall be transferred to the permanent collections of the Library of Congress, including the law library, and what other books or articles shall be placed in the reserve collections of the Library of Congress for sale or exchange, or be transferred to other governmental libraries in the District of Columbia for use therein.

Disposal of copyright deposits

Manuscript copies to be preserved

Sec. 60. That of any articles undisposed of as above provided, together with all titles and correspondence relating thereto, the Librarian of Congress and the register of copyrights jointly shall, at suitable intervals, determine what of these received during any period of years it is desirable or useful to preserve in the permanent files of the copyright office, and, after due notice as hereinafter provided, may within their discretion cause the remaining articles and other things to be destroyed: Provided, That there shall be printed in the Catalogue of Copyright Entries from February to November, inclusive, a statement of the years of receipt of such articles and a notice to permit any author, copyright proprietor, or other lawful claimant to claim and remove before the expiration of the month of December of that year anything found which relates to any of his productions deposited or registered for copyright within the period of years stated, not reserved or disposed of as provided for in this Act: And provided further, That no manuscript of an unpublished work shall be destroyed during its term of copyright without specific notice to the copyright proprietor of record, permitting him to claim and remove it.

Fees
Fee for registration
Fee for certificate
Fee for recording assignment
Fee for copy of assignment
Fee for recording notice of user
Fee for comparing assignment
Fee for recording renewal
Fee for recording transfer
Fee for search
Only one registration required

Sec. 61. That the register of copyrights shall receive, and the persons to whom the services designated are rendered shall pay, the following fees: For the registration of any work subject to copyright, deposited under the provisions of this Act, one dollar, which sum is to include a certificate of registration under seal: Provided, That in the case of photographs the fee shall be fifty cents where a certificate is not demanded. For every additional certificate of registration made, fifty cents. For recording and certifying any instrument of writing for the assignment of copyright, or any such license specified in section one, subsection (e), or for any copy of such assignment or license, duly certified, if not over three hundred words in length, one dollar; if more than three hundred and less than one thousand words in length, two dollars; if more than one thousand words in length, one dollar additional for each one thousand words or fraction thereof over three hundred words. For recording the notice of user or acquiescence specified in section one, subsection (e), twenty-five cents for each notice if not over fifty words, and an additional twenty-five cents for each additional one hundred words. For comparing any copy of an assignment with the record of such document in the copyright office and certifying the same under seal, one dollar. For recording the extension or renewal of copyright provided for in sections twenty-three and twenty-four of this Act, fifty cents. For recording the transfer of the proprietorship of copyrighted articles, ten cents for each title of a book or other article, in addition to the fee prescribed for recording the instrument of assignment. For any requested search of copyright office records, indexes, or deposits, fifty cents for each full hour of time consumed in making such search: Provided, That only one registration at one fee shall be required in the case of several volumes of the same book deposited at the same time.

Definitions: "date of publication"
"Author"

Sec. 62. That in the interpretation and construction of this Act "the date of publication" shall in the case of a work of which copies are reproduced for sale or distribution be held to be the earliest date when copies of the first authorized edition were placed on sale, sold, or publicly distributed by the proprietor of the copyright or under his authority, and the word "author" shall include an employer in the case of works made for hire.

Repealing clause

Sec. 63. That all laws or parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, but nothing in this Act shall effect causes of action for infringement of copyright heretofore committed now pending in courts of the United States, or which may hereafter be instituted; but such causes shall be prosecuted to a conclusion in the manner heretofore provided by law.

Date of enforcement

Sec. 64. That this Act shall go into effect on the first day of July, nineteen hundred and nine.

Approved, March 4, 1909.

[2] The Act of June 18, 1874, provides that the notice of copyright to be inscribed on each copy of a copyrighted work shall consist of the following words:

"Entered according to act of Congress, in the year ____, by A. B., in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington"; or, ... the word "Copyright," together with the year the copyright was entered, and the name of the party by whom it was taken out, thus: "Copyright, 18__ by A. B."

2. PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATIONS

By the President of the United States of America
a Proclamation

Whereas it is provided by the act of Congress of March 4, 1909, entitled "An act to amend and consolidate the acts respecting copyright," that the benefits of said act, excepting the benefits under section 1 (e) thereof, as to which special conditions are imposed, shall extend to the work of an author or proprietor who is a citizen or subject of a foreign state or nation, only upon certain conditions set forth in section 8 of said act, to wit:

(a) When an alien author or proprietor shall be domiciled within the United States at the time of the first publication of his work: or

(b) When the foreign state or nation of which such author or proprietor is a citizen or subject grants, either by treaty, convention, agreement, or law, to citizens of the United States the benefit of copyright on substantially the same basis as to its own citizens, or copyright protection substantially equal to the protection secured to such foreign author under this act or by treaty; or when such foreign state or nation is a party to an international agreement which provides for reciprocity in the granting of copyright, by the terms of which agreement the United States may, at its pleasure, become a party thereto:

And whereas it is also provided by said section that "The existence of the reciprocal conditions aforesaid shall be determined by the President of the United States, by proclamation made from time to time as the purposes of this act may require":

And whereas satisfactory evidence has been received that in Austria, Belgium, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain and her possessions, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands and possessions, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland the law permits and since July 1, 1909, has permitted to citizens of the United States the benefit of copyright on substantially the same basis as to citizens of those countries:

Now, therefore, I, William Howard Taft, President of the United States of America, do declare and proclaim that one of the alternative conditions specified in section 8, of the act of March 4, 1909, is now fulfilled, and since July 1, 1909, has continuously been fulfilled, in respect to the citizens or subjects of Austria, Belgium, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain and her possessions, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands and possessions, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland, and that the citizens or subjects of the aforementioned countries are and since July 1, 1909, have been entitled to all the benefits of the said act other than the benefits under section 1 (e) thereof, as to which the inquiry is still pending.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

[seal.]

Done at the city of Washington this ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and ten, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and thirty-fourth.

Wm. H. Taft.

By the President:

P. C. Knox,

Secretary of State

Luxemburg was added by proclamation of June 29, 1910, and Sweden, May 26, 1911, to go into effect June 1, 1911.

A proclamation accepting reciprocal relations with Germany as to mechanical music reproductions was issued December 8, 1910. Similar proclamations under date of June 14, 1911, covered Belgium, Luxemburg and Norway.

3. UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT RULES

Rules adopted by the Supreme Court of the United States for Practice and Procedure under Section 25 of an Act to amend and consolidate the Acts respecting Copyright, approved March 4, 1909. To go into effect July 1, 1909.

1. The existing rules of equity practice, so far as they may be applicable, shall be enforced in proceedings instituted under section twenty-five (25) of the act of March fourth, nineteen hundred and nine, entitled "An act to amend and consolidate the acts respecting copyright."

2. A copy of the alleged infringement of copyright, if actually made, and a copy of the work alleged to be infringed, should accompany the petition, or its absence be explained; except in cases of alleged infringement by the public performance of dramatic and dramatico-musical compositions, the delivery of lectures, sermons, addresses, and so forth, the infringement of copyright upon sculptures and other similar works and in any case where it is not feasible.

3. Upon the institution of any action, suit, or proceeding, or at any time thereafter, and before the entry of final judgment or decree therein, the plaintiff or complainant, or his authorized agent or attorney, may file with the clerk of any court given jurisdiction under section 34 of the act of March 4, 1909, an affidavit stating upon the best of his knowledge, information, and belief, the number and location, as near as may be, of the alleged infringing copies, records, plates, molds, matrices, etc., or other means for making the copies alleged to infringe the copyright, and the value of the same, and with such affidavit shall file with the clerk a bond executed by at least two sureties and approved by the court or a commissioner thereof. 4. Such bond shall bind the sureties in a specified sum, to be fixed by the court, but not less than twice the reasonable value of such infringing copies, plates, records, molds, matrices, or other means for making such infringing copies, and be conditioned for the prompt prosecution of the action, suit or proceeding; for the return of said articles to the defendant, if they or any of them are adjudged not to be infringements, or if the action abates, or is discontinued before they are returned to the defendant; and for the payment to the defendant of any damages which the court may award to him against the plaintiff or complainant. Upon the filing of said affidavit and bond, and the approval of said bond, the clerk shall issue a writ directed to the marshal of the district where the said infringing copies, plates, records, molds, matrices, etc., or other means of making such infringing copies shall be stated in said affidavit to be located, and generally to any marshal of the United States, directing the said marshal to forthwith seize and hold the same subject to the order of the court issuing said writ, or of the court of the district in which the seizure shall be made.

5. The marshal shall thereupon seize said articles or any smaller or larger part thereof he may then or thereafter find, using such force as may be reasonably necessary in the premises, and serve on the defendant a copy of the affidavit, writ, and bond by delivering the same to him personally, if he can be found within the district, of if he can not be found, to his agent, if any, or to the person from whose possession the articles are taken, or if the owner, agent, or such person can not be found within the district by leaving said copy at the usual place of abode of such owner or agent with a person of suitable age and discretion, or at the place where said articles are found, and shall make immediate return of such seizure, or attempted seizure, to the court. He shall also attach to said articles a tag or label stating the fact of such seizure and warning all persons from in any manner interfering therewith. 6. A marshal who has seized alleged infringing articles, shall retain them in his possession, keeping them in a secure place, subject to the order of the court.

7. Within three days after the articles are seized, and a copy of the affidavit, writ and bond are served as hereinbefore provided, the defendant shall serve upon the clerk a notice that he excepts to the amount of the penalty of the bond, or to the sureties of the plaintiff or complainant, or both, otherwise he shall be deemed to have waived all objection to the amount of the penalty of the bond and the sufficiency of the sureties thereon. If the court sustain the exceptions it may order a new bond to be executed by the plaintiff or complainant, or in default thereof within a time to be named by the court, the property to be returned to the defendant.

8. Within ten days after service of such notice, the attorney of the plaintiff or complainant shall serve upon the defendant or his attorney a notice of the justification of the sureties, and said sureties shall justify before the court or a judge thereof at the time therein stated.

9. The defendant, if he does not except to the amount of the penalty of the bond or the sufficiency of the sureties of the plaintiff or complainant, may make application to the court for the return to him of the articles seized, upon filing an affidavit stating all material facts and circumstances tending to show that the articles seized are not infringing copies, records, plates, molds, matrices, or means for making the copies alleged to infringe the copyright.

10. Thereupon the court in its discretion, and after such hearing as it may direct, may order such return upon the filing by the defendant of a bond executed by at least two sureties, binding them in a specified sum to be fixed in the discretion of the court, and conditioned for the delivery of said specified articles to abide the order of the court. The plaintiff or complainant may require such sureties to justify within ten days of the filing of such bond.

11. Upon the granting of such application and the justification of the sureties on the bond, the marshal shall immediately deliver the articles seized to the defendant.

12. Any service required to be performed by any marshal may be performed by any deputy of such marshal.

13. For services in cases arising under this section, the marshal shall be entitled to the same fees as are allowed for similar services in other cases.

4. UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE
REGULATIONS

Rules and Regulations for the Registration of Claims to Copyright

1. Copyright under the act of Congress entitled: "An act to amend and consolidate the acts respecting copyright," approved March 4, 1909, is ordinarily secured by printing and publishing a copyrightable work with a notice of claim in the form prescribed by the statute. Registration can only be made after such publication, but the statute expressly provides, in certain cases, for registration of manuscript works.

WHO MAY SECURE COPYRIGHT

Persons entitled to copyright

2. The persons entitled by the act to copyright protection for their works are:

(1) The author of the work, if he is:

(a) A citizen of the United States, or

(b) A resident alien domiciled in the United States at the time of the first publication of his work, or

(c) A citizen or subject of any country which grants either by treaty, convention, agreement, or law, to citizens of the United States the benefit of copyright on substantially the same basis as to its own citizens. The existence of reciprocal copyright conditions is determined by presidential proclamation.

(2) The proprietor of a work. The word "proprietor" is here used to indicate a person who derives his title to the work from the author. If the author of the work should be a person who could not himself claim the benefit of the copyright act, the proprietor can not claim it.

(3) The executors, administrators or assigns of the above-mentioned author or proprietor.

3. After the publication of any work entitled to copyright, the claimant of copyright should register this claim in the Copyright Office. An action for infringement of copyright can not be maintained in court until the provisions with respect to the deposit of copies and registration of such work shall have been complied with.

A certificate of registration is issued to the applicant and duplicates thereof may be obtained on payment of the statutory fee of 50 cents.

SUBJECT-MATTER OF COPYRIGHT

Works subject to copyright

4. The act provides that no copyright shall subsist in the original text of any work published prior to July 1, 1909, which has not been already copyrighted in the United States (sec. 7).

Section 5 of the act divides the works for which copyright may be secured into eleven classes, as follows:

(a) Books.—This term includes all printed literary works (except dramatic compositions) whether published in the ordinary shape of a book or pamphlet, or printed as a leaflet, card, or single page. The term "book" as used in the law includes tabulated forms of information, frequently called charts; tables of figures showing the results of mathematical computations, such as logarithmic tables, interest, cost, and wage tables, etc.; single poems, and the words of a song when printed and published without music; librettos; descriptions of moving pictures or spectacles; encyclopÆdias; catalogues; directories; gazetteers and similar compilations; circulars or folders containing information in the form of reading matter other than mere lists of articles, names and addresses, and literary contributions to periodicals or newspapers.

Blank books, etc., not copyrightable

5. The term "book" can not be applied to—

Blank books for use in business or in carrying out any system of transacting affairs, such as record books, account books, memorandum books, diaries or journals, bank deposit and check books; forms of contracts or leases which do not contain original copyrightable matter; coupons; forms for use in commercial, legal, or financial transactions, which are wholly or partly blank and whose value lies in their usefulness and not in their merit as literary compositions.

Directions on scales, or dials, or mathematical or other instruments; puzzles; games; rebuses; labels; wrappers; formulÆ on boxes, bottles, and other receptacles of articles for sale or meant to accompany such articles.

Advertisements or catalogues which merely set forth the names, prices, and places where articles are for sale.

Prefaces or other introductory matter to works not themselves entitled to copyright protection, such as blank books.

Calendars are not capable of registration as such, but if they contain copyrightable reading matter or pictures they may be registered either as "books" or as "prints" according to the nature of the copyrightable matter.

Periodicals

6. (b) Periodicals.—This term includes newspapers, magazines, reviews, and serial publications appearing oftener than once a year; bulletins or proceedings of societies, etc., which appear regularly at intervals of less than a year; and, generally, periodical publications which would be registered as second class matter at the post office.

Lectures, etc.

7. (c) Lectures, sermons, addresses, or similar productions, prepared for oral delivery.

Dramatic compositions, etc.

8. (d) Dramatic and dramatico-musical compositions, such as dramas, comedies, operas, operettas and similar works.

The designation "dramatic composition" does not include the following: Dances, ballets, or other choregraphic works; tableaux and moving picture shows; stage settings or mechanical devices by which dramatic effects are produced, or "stage business"; animal shows, sleight-of-hand performances, acrobatic or circus tricks of any kind; descriptions of moving pictures or of settings for the production of moving pictures. (These, however, when printed and published, are registrable as "books.")

Dramatico-musical compositions, etc.

9. Dramatico-musical compositions include principally operas, operettas, and musical comedies, or similar productions which are to be acted as well as sung.

Songs separately published

Ordinary songs, even when intended to be sung from the stage in a dramatic manner, or separately published songs from operas and operettas, should be registered as musical compositions, not dramatico-musical compositions.

Musical compositions10. (e) Musical compositions, including other vocal and all instrumental compositions, with or without words.

But when the text is printed alone it should be registered as a "book," not as a "musical composition."

"Adaptations" and "arrangements" may be registered as "new works" under the provisions of section 6. Mere transpositions into different keys are not expressly provided for in the copyright act; but if published with copyright notice and copies are deposited with application, registration will be made.

Maps

11. (f) Maps.—This term includes all cartographical works, such as terrestrial maps, plats, marine charts, star maps, but not diagrams, astrological charts, landscapes, or drawings of imaginary regions which do not have a real existence.

Works of art

12. (g) Works of art.—This term includes all works belonging fairly to the so-called fine arts. (Paintings, drawings, and sculpture.)

Productions of the industrial arts utilitarian in purpose and character are not subject to copyright registration, even if artistically made or ornamented.

Toys, games, etc.

No copyright exists in toys, games, dolls, advertising novelties, instruments or tools of any kind, glassware, embroideries, garments, laces, woven fabrics, or any similar articles.

Reproductions of works of art

13. (h) Reproductions of works of art.—This term refers to such reproductions (engravings, woodcuts, etchings, casts, etc.) as contain in themselves an artistic element distinct from that of the original work of art which has been reproduced.

Drawings or plastic works

14. (i) Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical character.—This term includes diagrams or models illustrating scientific or technical works, architects' plans, designs for engineering work, etc.

Photographs

15. (j) Photographs.—This term covers all positive prints from photographic negatives, including those from moving picture films (the entire series being counted as a single photograph), but not photogravures, half tones, and other photo-engravings.

Prints and pictorial illustrations16. (k) Prints and pictorial illustrations.—This term comprises all printed pictures not included in the various other classes enumerated above.

Articles for use not copyrightable

Articles of utilitarian purpose do not become capable of copyright registration because they consist in part of pictures which in themselves are copyrightable, e. g., puzzles, games, rebuses, badges, buttons, buckles, pins, novelties of every description, or similar articles.

Postal cards can not be copyrighted as such. The pictures thereon may be registered as "prints or pictorial illustrations" or as "photographs." Text matter on a postal card may be of such a character that it may be registered as a "book."

Mere ornamental scrolls, combinations of lines and colors, decorative borders, and similar designs, or ornamental letters or forms of type are not included in the designation "prints and pictorial illustrations." Trademarks can not be copyrighted nor registered in the Copyright Office.

HOW TO SECURE REGISTRATION

Registrable works

17. Copyright registration may be secured for:

(1) Unpublished works.

(2) Published works.

UNPUBLISHED WORKS

Unpublished works are such as have not at the time of registration been printed or reproduced in copies for sale, or been publicly distributed. They include: (a) Lectures, sermons, addresses, or similar productions for oral delivery; (b) dramatic and musical compositions; (c) photographic prints; (d) works of art (paintings, drawings, and sculpture), and (e) plastic works.

In order to secure copyright in such unpublished works, the following steps are necessary:

Registration of unpublished works

18. (1) In the case of lectures, sermons, addresses, and dramatic and musical compositions, deposit one typewritten or manuscript copy of the work.

This copy should be in convenient form, clean and legible, the leaves securely fastened together, and should bear the title of the work corresponding to that given in the application.

The entire work in each case should be deposited. It is not sufficient to deposit a mere outline or epitome, or, in the case of a play, a mere scenario or a scenario with the synopsis of the dialogue.

Unpublished photograph

19. (2) In the case of photographs, deposit one copy of a positive print of the work. (Photo-engravings or photogravures are not photographs within the meaning of this provision.)

Photograph of work of art

20. (3) In the case of works of art, models or designs for works of art, or drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical character, deposit a photographic reproduction.

In each case the deposited article should be accompanied by an application for registration and a money order for the amount of the statutory fee.

Reproduction of unpublished work

21. Any work which has been registered as an unpublished work, if reproduced in copies for sale or distribution, must be deposited a second time (two copies, accompanied by an application for registration and the statutory fee) in the same manner as is required in the case of works published in the first place.

PUBLISHED WORKS

DEPOSIT OF COPIES

Deposit of copies

22. After publication of the work with the copyright notice inscribed, two complete copies of the best edition of the work must be sent to the Copyright Office, with a proper application for registration correctly filled out and a money order for the amount of the legal fee.

The statute requires that the deposit of the copyright work shall be made "promptly," which has been defined as "without unnecessary delay." It is not essential, however, that the deposit be made on the very day of publication.

Definition of "published work"

23. Published works are such as are printed or otherwise produced and "placed on sale, sold, or publicly distributed" (i. e., so that all persons who desire copies may obtain them without restriction or condition other than that imposed by the copyright law). Representation on the stage of a play is not a publication of it, nor is the public performance of a musical composition publication. Works intended for sale or general distribution must first be printed with the statutory form of copyright notice inscribed on every copy intended to be circulated.

NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT

Form of notice

24. The ordinary form of copyright notice for books, periodicals, dramatic and musical compositions is "Copyright, 19__ (the year of publication), by A. B. (the name of the claimant)." The name of the claimant printed in the notice should be the real name of a living person, or his trade name if he always uses one (but not a pseudonym or pen-name), or the name of the firm or corporation claiming to own the copyright. The copyright notice should not be printed in the name of one person for the benefit of another. The beneficiary's name should be printed in such cases.

Short form of notice

25. In the case of maps, photographs, reproductions of works of art, prints or pictorial illustrations, works of art, models or designs for works of art, and plastic works of a scientific or technical character, the notice may consist of the letter C, inclosed within a circle, thus ©, accompanied with the initials, monogram, mark, or symbol of the copyright proprietor. But in such cases the name itself of the copyright proprietor must appear on some accessible portion of the work, or on the mount of the picture or map, or on the margin, back, or permanent base or pedestal of the work.

Notice upon each copy

26. The prescribed notice must be affixed to each copy of the work published or offered for sale in the United States. But no notice is required in the case of foreign books printed abroad seeking ad interim protection in the United States, as provided in section 21 of the copyright act.

AMERICAN MANUFACTURE OF COPYRIGHT BOOKS

Works produced in United States

27. The following works must be manufactured in the United States in order to secure copyright:

(a) All "books" in the English language and books in any language by a citizen or domiciled resident of the United States must be printed from type set within the limits of the United States, either by hand or by the aid of any kind of type-setting machine, or from plates made within the limits of the United States from type set therein or, if the text of such books be produced by lithographic process or photo-engraving process, then by a process wholly performed within the limits of the United States; and the printing of the text and binding of the book must be performed within the limits of the United States.

(b) All illustrations within a book produced by lithographic process or photo-engraving process and all separate lithographs or photo-engravings must be produced by lithographic or photo-engraving process wholly performed within the limits of the United States, except when the subjects represented in such illustrations in a book or such separate lithographs or photo-engravings "are located in a foreign country and illustrate a scientific work or reproduce a work of art."

Books by foreign authors

28. Books by foreign authors in any language other than English are not required to be printed in the United States.

Books printed abroad

In the case of books printed abroad in the English language an ad interim term of copyright of thirty days from registration made in the Copyright Office within thirty days after publication abroad may be secured; but in order to extend the copyright to the full term of protection, an edition of the work must be published in the United States within the thirty days ad interim term, printed or produced within the limits of the United States as required in section 15 of the copyright act.

APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION

Application for registration

29. The application for copyright registration required to be sent with each work (see No. 20) must state the following facts, without which no registration can be made: (1) The name and address of the claimant of copyright.

(2) The nationality of the author of the work.

(3) The title of the work.

(4) The name and address of person to whom certificate is to be sent.

(5) In the case of all published works the actual date (year, month, and day) when the work was published.

Name of author
Nationality of author

30. In addition, it is desirable that the application should state for record the name of the author. If, however, the work is published anonymously or under a pseudonym and it is not desired to place on record the real name of the author, this may be omitted. In the case of works made for hire, the employer may be given as the author. By the nationality of the author is meant citizenship, not race; a person naturalized in the United States should be described as an American. An author, a citizen of a foreign country having no copyright relations with the United States, may secure copyright in this country, if at the time of publication of his work he is a permanent resident of the United States. The fact of such permanent residence in the United States should be expressly stated in the application. Care should be taken that the title of the work, the name of the author, and the name of the copyright claimant should be correctly stated in the application, and that they should agree exactly with the same statements made in the work itself.

APPLICATION FORMS

Application forms

31. The Copyright Office has issued the following application forms, which will be furnished on request, and should be used when applying for copyright registration:

A¹. Book by citizen or resident of the United States.

A¹. New ed. New edition of book by citizen or resident of the United States.

A¹. for. Book by citizen or resident of a foreign country, but manufactured in the United States.

A². Edition printed in the United States of a book originally published abroad in the English language.

A³. Book by foreign author in foreign language. A⁴. Ad interim. Book published abroad in the English language.

A⁵. Contribution to a newspaper or periodical.

B¹. Periodical. For registration of single issue.

B². Periodical. General application and deposit.

C. Lecture, sermon, or address.

D¹. Published dramatic composition.

D². Dramatic composition not reproduced for sale.

D³. Dramatico-musical composition.

E¹. Published musical composition.

E². Musical composition not reproduced for sale.

F. Published map.

G. Work of art (painting, drawing, or sculpture); or model or design for a work of art.

H. Reproduction of a work of art.

I. Drawing or plastic work of a scientific or technical character.

J¹. Photograph published for sale.

J². Photograph not reproduced for sale.

K. Print or pictorial illustration.

AFFIDAVIT OF MANUFACTURE

Affidavit for book

32. In the case of books by American authors and all books in the English language the application must be accompanied by an affidavit, showing the following facts:

(1) That the copies deposited have been printed from type set within the limits of the United States; or from plates made within the limits of the United States from type set therein; or if the text be produced by lithographic process or photo-engraving process, that such process was wholly performed within the limits of the United States. Stating, in either case, the place and the establishment where such work was done.

(2) That the printing of the text has been performed within the limits of the United States, showing the place and the name of the establishment doing the work.

(3) That the binding of such books has been performed within the limits of the United States, showing the place and the name of the establishment where the work was done. This can be omitted if the work is unbound.

(4) That the completion of the printing of said book was on a stated day, or that the book was published on a given date.

Date of publication

Section 62 of the copyright act defines the date of publication as "the earliest date when copies of the first authorized edition were placed on sale, sold, or publicly distributed by the proprietor of the copyright or under his authority."

Affidavit must be under seal

33. The affidavit may be made before any officer authorized to administer oaths within the United States who can affix his official seal to the instrument.

Errors by applicants

The applicant and the officer administering the oath for such affidavit are specially requested to make sure that the instrument is properly executed, so as to avoid the delay of having it returned for amendment. Experience shows that among the common errors made by applicants are the following:

Failure to write in the "venue," that is, the name of the county and State, and to make sure that the notary's statement agrees.

Reciting a corporation or partnership as affiant. Oaths can be taken only by individuals.

Failure to state in what capacity the affiant takes the oath, whether as claimant, agent of the claimant, or printer. Where a corporation or firm is the claimant, the affiant should swear as agent.

Failure to state the exact date of publication or completion of printing. The month alone is insufficient.

Failure to sign the affidavit. The signature should correspond exactly with the name of the affiant stated at the beginning. Corporation or firm names must not appear in this place.

Failure to obtain signature of the notary after swearing to the contents.

Failure to obtain the seal of the notary.

Swearing before an officer not authorized to act in the place stated in the venue. Variance between names and dates as stated in the affidavit and the application.

The affidavit must never be made before the day of publication.

By whom affidavit may be made

34. The affidavit may be made by: (1) The person claiming the copyright; or (2) his duly authorized agent or representative residing in the United States; or (3) the printer who has printed the book.

The person making the affidavit must state in which of the above-mentioned capacities he does so.

Book in foreign language

35. In the case of a foreign author applying for a book in a language other than English, no affidavit is required, as such books are not subject to the manufacturing clause.

In the case of a foreign author applying for a book in the English language, the same affidavit must be made as in that of an American author, except where a book is deposited for ad interim protection under section 21. In such cases the affidavit must be filed when the ad interim copyright is sought to be extended to the full term.

The affidavit is only required for BOOKS.

PERIODICALS (FORM B)

Periodicals

36. Application should be made in the same manner as for books, depositing two copies, but no affidavit is required.

Separate registration is necessary for each number of the periodical published with a notice of copyright, and can only be made after publication. It is not possible to register the title of the periodical in advance of publication.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PERIODICALS (FORM A⁵)

Contributions to periodicals

37. If special registration is requested for any contribution to a periodical, one copy of the number of the periodical in which the contribution appears should be deposited promptly after publication.

The entire copy should be sent; sending a mere clipping or a page containing the contribution does not comply with the statute.

The date of publication of a periodical is not necessarily the date stated on the title-page. The application should state the day on which the issue is "first placed on sale, sold, or publicly distributed," which may be earlier or later than the date printed on the title-page.

AD INTERIM APPLICATIONS (FORM A⁴)

Ad interim copyright

38. Where a book in the English language has been printed abroad, an ad interim copyright may be secured by depositing in the Copyright Office one complete copy of the foreign edition, with an application containing a request for the reservation and a money order for $1. Such applications should state: (1) Name and nationality of the author; (2) Name and nationality of the copyright claimant; (3) Exact date of original publication abroad.

The deposit must be made within thirty days from publication abroad. Whenever, within the thirty days' period of ad interim protection, an edition manufactured in the United States is published, and two copies are deposited, the copyright claim therein may be registered the same as any other book (Form A²).

MAILING APPLICATIONS AND COPIES

Address of mail matter

39. All mail matter intended for the Copyright Office should be addressed to the "Register of Copyrights, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C." No letters dealing with copyright matters should be addressed to individuals in the office.

Copyright matter designed for deposit in the Copyright Office will be transmitted by the postmaster free of charge when requested. The postmaster will also, when requested, give a receipt for matter so delivered to him for transmission.

No franking label is issued by the Copyright Office for this purpose.

FEES

40. The fee required to be paid for copyright registration is $1, except that in case of photographs it is only 50 cents when no certificate of registration is desired.

RemittancesAll remittances to the Copyright Office should be sent by money order or bank draft. Postage stamps should not be sent for fees or postage. Checks can not be accepted unless certified. Coin or currency inclosed in letter or packages if sent will be at the remitter's risk.

Publishers may for their own convenience deposit in the Copyright Office a sum of money in advance against which each registration will be charged.

ASSIGNMENTS OF COPYRIGHT

Assignments of copyright

41. When a copyright has been assigned the instrument in writing signed by the proprietor of the copyright may be filed in this office for record within six calendar months after its execution without the limits of the United States or three calendar months within the United States.

After having been recorded the original assignment will be returned to the sender with a sealed certificate of record attached.

Fee for recording assignment

42. The fee for recording and certifying an assignment is $1 up to 300 words; $2 from 300 to 1,000 words; and another dollar for each additional thousand words or fraction thereof over 300 words.

Name of assignee in claim

43. After the assignment has been duly recorded, the assignee may substitute his name for that of the assignor in the copyright notice on the work assigned. Such substitution or transfer of ownership will be indexed in this office upon request, at a cost of 10 cents for each work assigned.

NOTICE OF USER OF MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS

Notice of user of music

44. Whenever the owner of the copyright in a musical composition uses such music in phonographs himself or permits anyone else to do so, he must send a notice of such use by him or by any other person to the Copyright Office to be recorded.

Notice in absence of license

45. Whenever any person in the absence of a license intends to use a copyrighted musical composition upon the parts of instruments serving to reproduce the same mechanically, the act requires that he shall serve notice of such intention upon the copyright proprietor and must also send a duplicate of such notice to the Copyright Office.

APPLICATION FOR THE RENEWAL OR EXTENSION OF SUBSISTING COPYRIGHTS

Renewals and extensions

46. Application for the renewal or extension of a subsisting copyright (except copyright of a composite work) may be filed within one year prior to the expiration of the existing term by:

(1) The author of the work if still living;

(2) The widow, widower, or children of the author if the author is not living.

(3) The author's executor, if such author, widow, widower, or children be not living;

(4) If the author, widow, widower, and children are all dead, and the author left no will, then the next of kin.

Renewal for composite work

47. If the work be a composite work upon which copyright was originally secured by the proprietor thereof, then such proprietor is entitled to the privilege of renewal and extension.

Renewal fee

48. The fee for the recording of the renewal claim is 50 cents. Application for the renewal or extension of copyright can not be recorded in the name of an assignee nor in that of any person not expressly mentioned in section 24 of the act.

SEARCHES

Searches

49. Upon application to the Register of Copyrights search of the records, indexes, or deposits will be made for such information as they may contain relative to copyright claims. Persons desiring searches to be made should state clearly the nature of the work, its title, the name of the claimant of copyright and probable date of entry; in the case of an assignment, the name of the assignor or assignee or both, and the name of the copyright claimant and the title of the music referred to in case of notice of user.

Search fee

The statutory fee for searches is 50 cents for each full hour of time consumed in making such search.

Illustration: Form A1 back

5. U.S. TREASURY AND POST OFFICE REGULATIONS

(T. D. 31754.)

TREASURY DEPARTMENT, July 17, 1911.

Collectors and other officers of the customs:

The following sections of the copyright law, approved March 4, 1909, effective July 1, 1909, together with the regulations made in pursuance thereof, are published for the information and guidance of customs officers and others concerned:

[Here follow secs. 15, 30, 31, 32, 33, 18, as given in preceding pages.

The register of copyrights is required by this act to print at periodic intervals a catalogue of the titles of articles deposited and registered for copyright, which printed catalogues, as they are issued, will be distributed to the collectors of customs of the United States and to the postmasters of all exchange offices of receipt of foreign mails.

REGULATIONS

Under the copyright act the following articles are prohibited importation:

1. Piratical copies of any work copyrighted in the United States. By the term "piratical" is meant the printing, reprinting, publishing, copying, or reproducing without authority of the copyright proprietor of any article legally copyrighted and on which the copyright is still in force.

2. Articles bearing a false notice of copyright when there is no existing copyright thereon in the United States.

3. Authorized foreign reprints of books by an American author copyrighted in the United States.

4. Authorized copies of any book copyrighted in the United States not produced in accordance with the manufacturing provisions of section 15 of the copyright act, except such as are exempted in the said section 15 and section 31 of the act. All books on which there is an existing copyright in the United States are prohibited importation unless produced in accordance with the manufacturing provision of section 15, whether copyrighted under this act or previous acts. (Opinion of the Attorney General, T. D. 30136, Nov. 24, 1909.)

Copyrighted books produced in accordance with the manufacturing provisions of section 16 of the copyright act, when exported and rebound abroad may be admitted to entry on their return to the United States. (Opinion of the Attorney-General, T. D. 30414.)

As copyrighted books are required to be printed and bound in the United States, evidence should be required on entry that such books were exported in a bound condition and not as loose sheets, and that the printing and binding were both performed within the limits of the United States.

Imported articles found to bear a false notice of copyright will be detained and forfeiture proceedings instituted as provided in Schedule 32.

If satisfactory evidence is not produced to the collector that such imported books were produced in accordance with the manufacturing provisions of section 15, or are exempt therefrom, the books will be seized and forfeiture proceedings instituted as provided in section 32.

Forfeiture proceedings instituted under the copyright act will be conducted in the same manner as in case of merchandise seized for violation of the customs laws, section 32, supra. (Arts. 1266 to 1269, Customs Regulations, 1908.)

Authorized editions of copyright books imported through the mails or otherwise in violation of the copyright act may, under customs supervision, be returned to the country of exportation whenever it is shown in a written application to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury that such importation was not due to willful negligence or fraud. (Sec. 32, supra.)

In any case in which a customs officer is in doubt as to whether an article is prohibited importation under the copyright act the articles should be detained and the facts reported to the department for instruction.

Franklin MacVeagh, Secretary.

JOINT REGULATIONS

Governing treatment of letters and packages received in the mails from foreign countries containing or supposed to contain articles prohibited importation by the copyright act of March 4, 1909.

The "Joint regulations governing the treatment of dutiable and supposed dutiable articles received in the mails from foreign countries" are also applicable in the treatment of articles which contain or which are supposed to contain matter prohibited importation by the copyright act, except as hereinafter modified;

Unsealed correspondence and packages (registered and unregistered) of all kinds which upon examination prove to contain articles prohibited importation by the copyright act shall be retained by customs officers, who will notify the addressee of the facts of the case. If an application is not made within a reasonable time to the Secretary of the Treasury for permission to return such articles to the country of export, the customs officers shall take appropriate steps to forfeit the articles as provided in section 32 of the copyright act.

Sealed articles supposed to contain matter prohibited importation by the copyright act must be appropriately marked to indicate that fact at the exchange office of receipt. The same conditions shall apply in regard to the marking, opening, and disposition of such sealed articles by the addressee or authorized agent as are required in the case of the opening and treatment of sealed "Supposed liable to customs duty" pieces. If the customs officer finds an article contains matter prohibited importation by the copyright act, he shall notify the addressee of the facts through the postmaster at the office of delivery. If an application is not then made within a reasonable time to the Secretary of the Treasury for permission to return the article to the country of export, the customs officer shall take appropriate steps to forfeit the matter as provided in section 32 of the copyright act.

Receipt should be taken for articles submitted to customs officials as prohibited importation under the copyright law and proper record made on the Post Office records of the disposition of such articles as are not returned to be disposed of through the mails.

Notice of actual or contemplated illegal importations through the mails should be given to the Secretary of the Treasury or the Postmaster General. On receipt of such notices either by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Postmaster General instructions will be promptly issued.

Franklin MacVeagh,
Secretary of the Treasury.
Frank H. Hitchcock,
Postmaster General.

Clyx.com

I

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: COPYRIGHT PROVISIONS

2. PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATIONS

3. UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT RULES

4. UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE REGULATIONS

4. UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE
REGULATIONS