  In the following pages a translation only has been given, as a rule, of the Romany words, but references have been added which will enable los del aficion to acquire fuller knowledge elsewhere. It is only right to state that for any philological theories advanced in this part of the Glossary the late Mr. Burke is not responsible.—H. W. G. List of Abbreviations.
A. Arab. O! A sidi, “O my lord!” Á. Span. and Port. To. Abajar. Span. To descend. AcÁna. Rom. Now. P. ii. 124; A. 21; W. 70. Aduana. Span. The custom-house. Fr. la douane, from Arab. Adun. Hebr. Lord; Adon. Aficion. Span. Affection. Los del aficion, “those of the predilection,” persons addicted to the gypsies and their language. Z. ii. 58. Afrancesado. Span. Frenchified. Agoa. Port. Water. Span. agua. Aguador. Span. A water-carrier. Aguardiente. Span. Agua ardiente, fire-water; coarse native spirit; Spanish brandy. Alameda. Span. A public promenade in or near a town, planted with trees. Lit. a place of poplars, from Span. Álamo, a poplar. Alcahuete. Span. A spy; a pimp. Arab. al ?awwad. AlcalÁ. Span. The fort. Arab, al-?al‘ah. Alcalde. Span. The mayor or chief magistrate of a town or village. Arab. al ?Ádi, the judge. Alcalde mayor. The chief magistrate of a district. Alcayde. Span. A governor of a castle or fortress. Arab. al ?Áid, the general. In more modern parlance, the governor of a prison, a jailer. Alcazar. Span. A castle; palace; a fortress. Arab. al ?a?r. Alcornoque. Span. The cork tree, Quercus suber. Aldea. Span. and Port. A village. Alecrim. Port. Rosemary. A word said to be of Arabic origin, perhaps al karÍm, a precious thing. The Spanish romero, or pilgrim flower (see note, i. 47). The English word is said to be derived from ros marinus, dew of the sea. Alem. Port. Beyond. Alemtejo, the district beyond the Tagus. Alfandega. Port. Custom-house. The Arab. fundu?, a large house. Alforjas, las. Span. Saddle-bags. Arab. al khurj. Algibe. Span. A vaulted subterranean cistern for storing water. Arab. jubb, a reservoir. Alguacil or Alguazil. Span. A constable, or peace-officer. Arab. al wazir, the vizier, governor, deputy, or minister. Alhaja. Span. Any precious article, a jewel. Probably from the Arab, al-hadja. Alhama. Stated by Borrow (i. 394) to be a Moorish word, meaning “warm baths.” Apparently the Arab, al ?ammam. Alkheir. Arab. Of good. Alma. Span. and Port. Soul. Alquilador. Span. and Port. A letter on hire of anything, especially of horses. Alquilar, in Spanish, signifies to give or lend on hire. Alquiler, to take or borrow for reward. The converse, inquiler. Alto. Span. and Port. High. Amiga. Span. and Port. A mistress, or concubine. Lit. a female friend. Amigo. Span. and Port. A friend. AnciÑa AnciÑaco. Basque. The ancient of the ancient. Andalou. Rom. An Andalusian. AndrÉ. Rom. In. P. ii. 56. Anise-brandy. Eng. A cordial, something like the French anisette. The anise (Pimpinella anisum) is largely cultivated in Spain, where it is known as anis. The seed is dried and exported, the aniseed of the English cake-makers. Aoud. Arab. According to Borrow, a stallion. It is the Moorish ‘aud = horse. Aquel. Span. That. Arco. Span. and Port. A bow, an arch. Ardoa. Guipuzcoan and Biscayan for arno, arnoa, wine, the final a being the definite article. Argelino. Span. A native of Algiers. Armada. Span. and Port. A fleet, or navy. AromÁli. Rom. Truly. Arromales = caramba. J. Arriero. Span. Muleteer; one who cries arrhÉ or harrÉ, Arabic “Gee up!” The older form of Harriero, given in the Dictionary of the Spanish Academy, more clearly preserves this etymology. Arroba. Span. and Port. A weight equal to about 25 lbs. English. Arab, ar ruba‘, a quarter. Arroyo. Span. A brook, stream. Artesano. Span. Artisan, workman. Ashor. Hebr. Jewish feast of the tenth (day), ‘asor. It is really the Arabic ‘ashura. Atajo. Span. A short cut, material or moral; an expedient of any kind. Lit. a tying; atar, to tie. Atalaya. Span. A watch-tower. Port. atalaia. A word of Arabic origin; a?-?alÍ‘ah, a view. Attar. Arab. Essence. More correctly, ‘a?ar. Frequently in combination. The Eng. otto. Auslandra. Milan. The meaning of this word is given by Borrow himself as “to roam about in a dissipated manner.” It is Auto da fÉ. Port. Span. auto de fÉ. Execution of persons condemned by the Inquisition. Avellana. Span. A filbert. Ayana. Arab. According to Borrow, a locust. It is not an ordinary Arabic word, possibly of some North African dialect. Azabache. Span. Jet. The Arab, as-sabaj. Azabacheria. Span. Jet-market. Azinheira. Port. The holm-oak. Azumbre. Span. A measure for liquids, the eighth of an arroba, equal to about half a gallon. From the Arab. ath-thumn = the eighth. Bab. Arab. Gate. Bab del Faz, gate of Fez. BacalhÃo. Port. (In Span. Bacallao or Abadejo). Salt cod, commonly imported from the Newfoundland coast. Bahar. Arab. Sea. Bahi or Baji. Rom. Fortune. Penar baji, decir la buena ventura, to tell fortunes. According to Borrow, the Sanscrit and Persian ba?kt. Bakh, Bok. Rom. Luck. Kosko bakh, “Good luck to you!” P. ii. 398; A. 47; M. vii. 14. Balad. Arab. Land. Also beled. BalichÓ. Rom. A hog. P. ii. 420; A. 54; M. vii. 15. Bar. Aram. Son. Bar. Rom. A stone. P. ii. 409; M. vii. 16. Bar LachÍ. Rom. The loadstone; a gypsy charm or talisman. Lit. “the good stone.” See LachÓ. Baria. Rom. Used by Borrow in ch. x., and given in Z. ii. 147, as GermanÍa, or thieves’ slang, for a gold onza (q.v.). Cf. varia = weight. A. 12. It is also the plural of bar, used by English gypsies for a sovereign. The correct Gitano for onza is jara. BaribÚ, Baributre, Baribustre. Rom. Plenty, much. P. ii. 400; M. vii. 17. Baro. Rom. Great. Len Baro = the great river, the Guadalquivir. Hokkano Baro = the great trick. See Hok. P. ii. 411; A. 59; M. vii. 17. Barraganeria. Span. Concubinage. See note, i. 157. Barranco, Barranca. Span. A fissure in a hill, a deep cleft, made by the action of water; a precipice. Barrete. Span. A helmet, cap. Barrio. Span. One of the quarters or districts into which a large town is divided. Fr. quartier. Batu, Bato. Rom. Father. Perhaps from the Russ. batuschca, q.v. In thieves’ slang, a prison governor or jailer. P. ii. 430; F. 145; G. i. 61; J. Batuschca, Batushka. Russ. Little father. A term of endearment or familiar address, something like the Span. tio, uncle. Beber. Span. and Port. To drink. Becoresh. Hebr. I.e. Epikores = Epicurus, selected by Jewish writers as a type of insolent atheism. Bedeya. Arab. An open waistcoat. More correctly, bad‘iyya. Belad. Hebr. In the power of. Beled. Arab. Country. Also balad. Bellota. Span. An acorn. The Portuguese bolota; Arab, balut. Ben, plur. Beni. Hebr. and Arab. Son. Bendito. Span. and Port. Blessed, praised. Beng, Bengue, Bengui. Rom. The devil; also any demon, or evil spirit. P. ii. 407; M. vii. 19. As to the meaning, frog or toad, see G. i. 118. Beraka. Hebr. A blessing. Besti, Bestis. Rom. A seat, chair, or saddle. P. ii. 428; M. vii. 20. Borrow, however, seems to use it as a slang form of the following. Bestia. Span. An animal. “You brute!” Birdoche. Rom. Used by Borrow in ch. ix. for a stage-coach or galera, q.v. It is probably connected with bedo, berdo, a cart. Z. ii. * 17. Eng. Rom. vardo. See P. ii. 80; A. 68; M. viii. 96. Boca. Span. and Port. Mouth. Boda, Bodas. Span. and Port. Marriage, a wedding. Bogamante, Bogavante. Span. The slang name for a large lobster; orig. the stroke-oar of a galley; bogar = to row, avante = in front. BohÉmien. Fr. A gypsy. Bolota. Port. (Span. Bellota.) An acorn. Bolsa. Span. and Port. (1) A purse. (2) The Exchange. Bonanza. Span. Fair weather. See note, ii. 273. Bonito. Span. and Port. Pretty. Borracho. Span. and Port. A drunkard. Borracha is a wine-skin, or leathern bottle. Hence Shakespeare’s Borachio. Borrico. Span. Dimin. of Burro, an ass. Bota. Span. A leather wine-bottle or bag; usually made of the skin of a pig for storing purposes, of goatskin for travelling. A glass bottle is called frasco or botella. Brasero. Span. Brazier; brass or copper pan to hold live coals. Bretima, Bretema, Bretoma. Gal. A low-lying mist or fog. When thick and damp it is called—also in Galician—mexona. Bribon, Bribonazo. Span. A vagrant, vagabond, or impostor. The termination in bribonazo does not express action, as in such words as calmazo, q.v., but augmentation. Briboneria. Span. Knavery, rascality. Broa. Port. and Gal. Barona. Span. and Gal. Brona. Gal. A bread made of a mixture of maize (2 parts), rye (4), millet (1), and panic-grass (1). Brotoboro. Rom. First. Grk. p??t??. Brotorbo, J. Brujo or Bruxo. Span., Port., and Gal. A sorcerer, or wizard. Buckra. Arab. Bikr, a virgin; used (ii. 357) for the Blessed Virgin Mary. Bueno. Span. Good. Buenas noches, “good night.” Bufa. Rom. A manger, crib. P. ii. 433. Bul, BullÁti. Rom. The anus. P. ii. 422. Burra. Span. and Port. Jackass; she-ass. BusnÓ. Rom. A man who is not a gypsy, a Gentile. P. ii. 434; Pp. 172; M. vii. 26. Ca. Span. An abbreviated form of Carajo, q.v. Cabalgadura. Span. A sumpter horse or mule; beast of burden. Caballejo, or Caballuelo. Span. Pony. Caballeria. Span. Is used either of a single horse, mule, or ass used for riding, as the Fr. monture, or for a number of such beasts together. The word Caballero. Span. Lit. a cavalier, but constantly used either as a mode of polite address, “Sir,” or in speaking of a gentleman, whether mounted or on foot. CabaÑa. Span. (1) A shepherd’s hut or cabin. (2) A flock, or assemblage of flocks, of sheep, under the charge of a mayoral, driven to and from the wild pasture lands of Estremadura. See note, i. 146. Cacharro. Span. A coarse earthen pan or pot. Cachas. Rom. Shears, scissors. Z. i. 244; P. ii. 99; cachais, R. 295. Cachimani. Rom. A wine-shop, or tavern. Cachiman, J. See P. ii. 117; M. i. 19. Caes. Port. A wharf. Cafila, rather ?afilah. Arab. A caravan. Calabozo. Span. Dungeon or underground cell. Calabozero, the keeper thereof; turnkey. Calash. Eng. A two-wheeled carriage with a hood; a buggy. Span. calesa; Port. caleÇa; Fr. calÈche. Caldas. Span. and Port. Warm Baths. Used most frequently in combination as a place name; e.g. Caldas de Reyes, called by Borrow (i. 394) Caldas de los Reyes, in Galicia. CalÉs. Rom. Plur. of CalÓ, CalorÓ. A gypsy; lit. a black and dark man. See CalÓ. Calesero. Span. (1) The driver of a calesa. (2) The driver of any carriage or cart. Callar. Span. To be silent. Calla boca, “Hold your tongue!” CallardÓ, GallardÓ. Rom. A black man, mulatto. See CalÓ. Calle. Span. A street. Callee, CallÍ. Rom. Fem. of CalÓ, q.v. Callicaste. Rom. (1) Yesterday. (2) Tomorrow. So in English Rom. cÓllico, kÁliko. P. ii. 107; LL. 7. Calmazo. Span. A calm at sea. Lit. an “attack” or “stroke” of calm, such being the force of the termination azo; as puÑal, a poignard; puÑalazo, the blow of a poignard. CalÓ, CalorÓ. Rom. One of the kalo rat, or black blood; a gypsy. P. ii. 106; A. 44; M. vii. 71; G. i. 178. Camarera. Span. A lady’s maid, chambermaid. CampiÑa. Span. The open country, the fields. Dimin. of Campo. Campo. Span. and Port. The country. In the mouths of English-speaking Argentines it has become “the camp,” conveying no idea whatever of the Anglo-Indian Campo Santo. Span., Port., and Ital. A churchyard, cemetery. Canallis. See Jara Canallis. Candory, plur. CandorÉ. Rom. Christian. P. ii. 125; McR. 46. CanÓnigo. Span. A canon or prebendary of a cathedral. Capataz. Span. and Port. Not capitaz. A head man; overseer; ganger; steward on a farm. From Lat. caput. Capilla. Span. A chapel. Capitular. Span. Belonging to the chapter. Sala capitular, chapter-house. Carajo. Span. “The great oath of Spain, which ought never to be written or pronounced in full, practically forms the foundation of the language of the lower orders; it is a most ancient remnant of the phallic abjuration of the evil eye, the dreaded fascination which still perplexes the minds of Orientals, and is not banished from Spanish and Neapolitan superstitions. The word terminates in ajo, on which stress is laid; the j is pronounced with a most Arabic guttural aspiration. The word ajo means also garlic, which is quite as often in Spanish mouths, and is exactly what Hotspur liked—a ‘mouth-filling oath,’ energetic and Michael Angelesque.”—Ford’s Spain, Introd. p. 35. For “the evil eye,” see; Z. i. 138. Carals. Catalan for Carajo, q.v. Caramba. Span. A polite modification of the grosser Carajo, q.v. Carbonero. Span. A charcoal-burner; also a collier. Carcel. Span. A prison. Carcelero, Carcelera. Span. A male or female jailer; or the latter may be merely the wife of a jailer. Carlino, Carlista. Span. A partisan of Don Carlos. Carlo. Rom. Heart. P. ii. 125. It also means “throat,” the only meaning in English Rom. P. ii. 96; A. 66; Pp. 299; SC. 91. Carracho. Gal. A tick, or small parasite found on dogs and cattle. Carracha is a somewhat similar pest of the human body. The word, which is not Spanish, is used by Borrow as an expletive, instead of the coarser Carajo, q.v. Carrascal. Span. and Port. A plantation or grove of the following. Carrasco. Span. and Port. The ilex, or evergreen oak. Carreta. Span. and Port. A long and narrow cart. Carronade. O. Eng. A short cannon of large bore, usually carried on board ship. The word has nothing to do with cannon, but is derived from the Scotch town of Carron, in Stirlingshire, where these pieces were first made in 1779. They were not used after 1852, and the name is obsolete. Carta. Span. and Port. A letter. Casa. Span. and Port. House. Caspita. Span. “Wonderful!” Milder than Caramba, q.v. Castellano. Span. A Castilian. Hablar Castellano, to talk Spanish. Castumba. Rom. Castile. Cavalgadura. Gal. See Cabalgadura. Cavalheiro. Port. See Caballero. CÉad. Irish. A hundred. Cerrada. Span. and Port. Closed, concealed, dark. Cerro. Span. and Port. A hill, hillock. ChabÍ. Rom. A girl. See ChabÓ. ChabÓ, ChabÉ, ChaborÓ. Rom. A boy, youth, fellow. P. ii. 181; A. 51; Pp. 528; M. vii. 30; McR. 100. Possibly the origin of the English slang, “chap.” ChachipÉ. Rom. The truth. P. i. 138; ii. 178; A. 29; Pp. 523; M. vii. 27. Chai. Rom. Irreg. plur. of ChabÓ, q.v. Chaps; used commonly for gypsies. Chal. Rom. A lad, boy, fellow; possibly the same as chiel, childe. RÓmano-chal, a gypsy. McR. 98. Chali del Bahar. Arab. Bahar is “the sea” in Arabic; shÁt is “the shore.” Chali is possibly a misprint for this. Chalan. Span. A jockey or horse-dealer. ChardÍ, ChÁti. Rom. A fair. I cannot find this word except in Borrow (Z. ii. * 36), though J. gives chandÍ. Borrow derives it from Hind, chhetr = field. If so it is perhaps connected with char, chor = grass. P. ii. 198; Pp. 529; M. vii. 29. Can it be the Persian chatrÍ—canopy, tent? CharipÉ, Cheripen. Rom. Bed, or bedstead. Hind. charpoy = that which has four feet or legs. Borrow (Z. ii.* 37) wrongly suggests the Grk. ??e?t?, though giving, as elsewhere (LL. 100), the right derivation. P. ii. 203; M. vii. 32. Chegar. Port. To arrive, land. Chenourain. Synagogues. From shanura, an Algerian or low Arabic word. Chi, ChichÍ. Rom. Nothing. P. ii. 176; M. vii. 31. Chica. Span. Little girl. Properly the fem. of the adj. chico, which is also used commonly for a boy, especially as a mode of address, or to call attention, hÉ, chico! Chicotito. Span. Dimin. of chico. A little fellow, dwarf. Chim. Rom. Kingdom, country. P. ii. 295; M. viii. 82; Z. ii. * 38; and J. Chindomar. Rom. A butcher. From chinar = to cut. P. ii. 208; Pp. 538; M. vii. 33. Chinel. Rom. A man of official position or rank. Especially an alguacil. Russ. chin, rank. P. ii. 204. ChinobarÓ. Rom. A head official. Compounded of Chin and Baro, q.v. Chipe. Rom. Tongue, speech. P. ii. 216; M. vii. 31; SC. 64. Chiria. Borrow gives this as Sanscrit for “bird,” but I cannot find his authority. The Rom. word is cziriklo, chiriclo. See P. ii. 199. Chor. Rom. Subs. a thief; verb, to steal. P. ii. 200; A. 46; Pp. 545–6; M. vii. 36. Choza. Span. A hut or small cottage. According to Dozy and Engelmann it is the Arab. khas. ChulÍ, plur. ChulÉ. Rom. A dollar. Span. peso fuerte. Borrow uses the word in his gypsy St. Luke, xv. 8, etc. P. ii. 205, has “Chuli = Groschen,” and suggests a connexion with tchulo = thick. It is tempting to compare the English slang “a thick ’un” = a sovereign. ChulÍ, ChurÍ. Rom. A knife. Hind. churi. P. ii. 210; Pp. 550; M. vii. 39. The form with L is only found in Spanish. Pott suggests that it is a corruption of cuchillo. In Z. ii. 148 it is given as GermanÍa, or thieves’ slang, and is probably their alteration of the correct churÍ. Chuquel. Rom. A dog. P. ii. 213; A. 64; Pp. 553; M. vii. 51; Z. ii. * 132. Cierra! Span. “Close!” The war-cry of the Castilian chivalry; more fully, Santiago! y cierra EspaÑa! Cierto. Span. Sure, certain. Ciervo. Span. A stag. Cocal. Rom. A bone. P. ii. 92; A. 52; Pp. 289; M. vii. 85. Coisa, Cousa. Port. A thing. Colegio. Span. A college. Comer. Span. and Port. To eat. Comitiva. Span. and Port. Suite, following, company. Companheiro. Port. Companion, comrade. Comprar. Span. and Port. To buy. Comunero. Span. A member or partisan of the Communities of Castile. See Burke’s Hist. of Spain, ii. 316. Con. Span. With. Conciudadano. Span. A fellow-citizen. Conde. Span. and Port. A count, or earl. Lat. comes. A title at one time greater than that of duke in Spain. See Burke’s Hist. of Spain, i. 148. Condenado. Span. Condemned, damned. Conquistar. Span. and Port. To conquer. Constitucion. Span. Constitution; the constitution of 1812. Contrabandista. Span and Port. A smuggler. Conversacion. Span. Conversation. As an interjection, “Folly! rubbish!” Copita. Span. A wine-glass, or small drinking-cup; dimin. of copa. Copla. Span. and Port. A couplet, or a few lines of poetry. The original Spanish of the lines quoted ii. 62 is as follows—
Corahai or Corajai. Rom. The Moors of Northern Africa. P. ii. 127; A. 27; Pp. 320; M. vii. 64. CorahanÓ, fem. CorahanÍ. Rom. A Moor. See Corahai. Corchete. Span. and Port. A catchpoll. Lit. a clasp; corchetes are “hooks and eyes.” CorÇo. Gal. A stag, or deer. Cordoves. Span. Of or belonging to Cordova. Corregidor. Span. A municipal magistrate. Orig. a co-regidor, or joint administrator of the law; not, as Midshipman Easy and the Boatswain decided, a corrector, though the word also has that signification in Spanish. As regards the magistrate, the second r is superfluous and etymologically deceptive. Corrida. Span. and Port. A racecourse; bull-fight. Cortamanga. The word is not given in any dictionary that I have consulted. Borrow evidently alludes to a vulgar and obscene gesture, usually called un corte de mangas. It is made by bringing down the right hand on the left forearm, and raising the left forearm, Corte. Span. and Port. The king’s court; more particularly the city where the court resides—thus the capital. Applied colloquially and in commercial correspondence to Madrid, Lisbon, Rio Janeiro, etc. Cortejo. Span. and Port. A lover. Orig. courtesy or homage. Cortejar = to do homage to. Cortes. Span. and Port. The estates of the realm, parliament. Cortijo. Span. Farmhouse. Cosas. Span. Things. “Cosas de EspaÑa,” “Cosas de Inglaterra,” “Cosas de los Ingleses.” Colloquially equivalent to our, “How Spanish!” “Quite English!” Crallis. Rom. King. The Slavonian kral. P. ii. 123; Pp. 296; M. vii. 87. Creer. Span. To believe. Yo lo creo, “I believe you, my boy!” “You bet!” Cria. Span. and Port. A brood. Criscote. Rom. A book. See Gabicote. Cristiano. Span. Christian. Used in Spain for the Spanish language. Cristino. Span. A partisan of Queen Christina. Cruz. Span. and Port. A cross; also the withers of a horse or mule. Cruzado. Span. and Port. A coin worth about six shillings. See Burke’s Hist. of Spain, ii. 286. Cuadrilla. Span. A band. Cuarto. Span. A copper coin of the value of four maravedis, or about one English farthing. Lit. the fourth part of anything. Cuenta. Span. Bill, reckoning. Cuesta. Span. A hill, or mount. Cuidado. Span. and Port. Care, anxiety. The Andalusians and Gitanos say cuidao. Cul. Arab. Every, all. Cura. Span. and Port. Parish priest. Fr. curÉ; not a “curate.” The writer usually known as El Cura de Fruime (i. 401) was D. Diego Antonio Zernadas de Castro, born at Santiago in 1698. He wrote various works in verse and prose, a complete edition of which, in seven volumes, was published by Ibarra (Madrid, 1778–81), and was followed by another, in three volumes, Curelar. Rom. To do business. P. ii. 111; Pp. 281; M. vii. 88. CurelÓ. Rom. Trouble, pain. P. ii. 115. See Curelar. Curioso. Span. and Port. Inquiring, curious. Dadas. Span. and Port. Given. From dar. Dai. Rom. Mother. P. ii. 309; Pp. 194; M. vii. 40. Daoud. Arab. Light. Arab. ?au. Daoud Scharr = ?au ash-sharr, light of mischief. Dar. Arab. A house; often found in composition as Dar-sinah, Dar ?ina‘ah (ii. 367), the house of the arts, or handicrafts; Dar-dwag, Dar dabbagh (ii. 371), the house of the bark, or tannery. Dehesa. Span. Pasture; applied more particularly to large open tracts of country where the cattle can roam at large. Demonio. Span. and Port. Demon, devil. Denho. Gal. The devil; used familiarly, “the deuce.” Desembarcar. Span. and Port. To disembark. Desesperado. Span. and Port. Desperate; a desperado. Deshonesto. Span. and Port. Not “dishonest,” but “immodest, lascivious.” Despacho. Span. An office; a depÔt. Used also of certain shops, such as the bakers, tobacco-sellers, and others. Despoblado. Span. Desert, or waste lands. Lit. depopulated; the true history is seen in the etymology. The word is applied to uncultivated desert, or uninhabited parts of the country, grazed for the most part by half wild sheep or cattle. Despues. Span. Afterwards. Hasta despues, “Au revoir.” Detras. Span. Behind. See Tirar. Diestro. Span. Skilful, dexterous; as a substantive, a performer at a bull-feast, also a fencer. Dios. Span. God. Disparate. Span. and Port. A blunder, or extravagance. As an interjection, “Stuff and nonsense!” Djmah. The name of a tower in Tangier. Apparently the Arab. Jami’ = mosque. Doiro. Port. Of gold, de oiro or ouro. Donostian. Basque. San Sebastian. Dorso. Span. and Port. The back. Dosta. Rom. Enough! Span. basta! P. ii. 308; M. vii. 45. Doubloon. Eng. A gold coin. Span. doblon. See Burke’s Hist. of Spain, ii. 284. Drao. Rom. Poison. P. ii. 316; Pp. 215; M. vii. 45. DromÁlis. Rom. Carriers, muleteers, men of the road. P. ii. 319. See Drun. Drun, Drom. Rom. A road. Grk. d????. P. ii. 318; Pp. 215; M. vii. 46. Drungruje, better Drongrugi or Drunji. Rom. The king’s highway; also a bridle-path. See Drun. Duende. Span. and Port. A ghost, or hobgoblin. In GermanÍa, or thieves’ slang = the watch, patrol. Duffel. O. Eng. A coarse woollen cloth, said to have been first made at Duffel, near Amsterdam. DurotunÓ. A shepherd. Probably connected with dur = far, P. ii. 317; M. vii. 48. It is worth noticing that we find GorotunÉ = a native of Estremadura, which looks like a pun, P. i. 54, so too J., who has also oroturnÉ = a mountaineer, which suits the idea. Dwag. See Dar. E, Es. Rom. Genitive, sing. and plur., of the article O. E. Port. And. Eidri. See Shillam. Ellegren. Stated by Borrow to be a Scand. word, meaning “elfin plant,” but the dictionaries do not give it. Elle, however, in composition = fairy, in Danish; and gren = bough, in Danish, Norse, and Swedish. EmbÉo. Rom. A book. P. ii. 62. Embustero. Span. Impostor, cheat, schemer; from embuste, a deceit, false or fraudulent scheme, snare. Encina. Span. An oak. Endemoniado. Span. Possessed by the devil. Enganchar. Span. To enlist as a soldier. Prim. to hook; gancho, a hook. Ensayo. Span. An essay, attempt. Entender. Span. To understand. Entero. Span. An entire horse, or stallion. As an adjective, entire, perfect, complete. Errate. Rom. A respectful appellation of the gypsy race, used by them of their own race. From Rom. rat, blood; the Erray. Rom. Gentleman. More commonly, rai; in Eng. Rom., rye. P. ii. 264; Pp. 453; M. viii. 54. ErreguiÑa. Basque. Queen. Borrow is mistaken in connecting this word with Sanscrit. It is simply the Lat. regina. Erudito. Span. and Port. Learned. Escapado. Span. and Port. Escaped, a runaway. Esclivitud. Span. Slavery. EscocÉs. Span. Scotch. Escondido. Span. and Port. Adj. hidden. Escopeta. Span. and Port. A gun. Escribano. Span. A notary, or his clerk. Lit. a writer. Escuchar. Span. To listen. Escuchad! “Listen!” Escuela. Span. A school. Eso. Span. That. Que es eso? “What’s that?” EspaÑa. Span. Spain. See i. 341. EspaÑol. Spanish. Espinal, Espinar. Span. A thorny thicket; place of thorns. Espingarda. Span. and Port. A musket. Espinheiro. Port. A thorn-tree. Estadea. Port. EstadaiÑa. Gal. Dimin. Estadinha. (1) A skeleton, or death’s-head; a nocturnal procession of the spirits of the dead. (2) A witches’ “sabbath;” for which last the Galician compaÑa is also used. Estalagem. Port. An inn. Estar. Span. and Port. To be. Estaripel. Rom. A prison. P. ii. 246; Pp. 146. SC. 141. Estrangero. Span. Strange, foreign. Estremou. Rom. EstremeÑo. Span. An inhabitant of the province of Estremadura. Euscarra. Basque. Used by Borrow (ch. xxxvii.) for the Basque name of their own tongue; more commonly, Escualdun, Escualdunac; a word in any case of very uncertain origin. See Burke’s Hist. of Spain, vol. i. App. I., The Basques. Exemplo. Span. and Port. Example, pattern. Por exemplo, for instance. Extenderse. Span. To extend, stretch. Fabrica. Span. and Port. Manufactory. Faccioso. Span. As an adjective, factious; more often used by Borrow as a substantive, with the special signification, in the FÁilte. Irish. Welcomes. Faja, Faxa. Span. and Port. A thick waist-band, usually of silk, often red, and a characteristic portion of the dress of a great majority of Spaniards. The Indian kamarband. From the Lat. fascia, a girth, or band. Fango. Span. Mire, mud. Farol. Span. and Port. Strictly speaking, a lantern; used by Borrow for Faro, a lighthouse. They are, of course, equally the ancient Grk. f????. Fato. Port. A herd; a multitude. Span. hato. Felouk, Feloque. Eng. A boat, felucca. Arab. faluka, falak = ship. Ferioul. Arab. A sort of shawl thrown over the shoulders. Arab. farwal. Fidalgo. Port. A gentleman. The Spanish hidalgo = filius alicujus, the son of some one. Filimicha. Rom. The gallows. Found in Borrow, and J.; Pott, ii. 394, simply quotes it from the former. Fino. Span. and Port. Fine, excellent, sharp. Fonda. Span. Hotel. According to Diez, from Latin funda, a sling, or a purse, which has also given the French bourse and Spanish bolsa, an assembly of paying persons. See Posada. Fora. Port. and Gal. Outside, without. Foro, Foros. Rom. City, or town. P. ii. 393; Pp. 234; M. vii. 53. Forte. Port. Strong. Fregona. Span. A scullery maid. Friolera. Span. A trifle. Lat. futilitas. Fuente. Span. A fount, spring. Fueron. Span. They were. From ser. Fueros. Span. Local privileges. Funcion. Span. A solemnity; festival; public assemblage of people to do or see some important act. In military language, an action; then colloquially, “a row.” The barbarous English adaptation, function, is convenient, and is rapidly gaining ground. Gabardine. O. Eng. A long coat, or cloak, usually applied to the distinctive dress worn by the Jews under compulsion. Said to be from the Spanish and Old French gaban, a great coarse cloak with a hood, a word itself supposed to be connected with capa. Gabicote. Rom. Book. Borrow seems the only authority for this word. J. has gascote. P. ii. 145. Gachapla. Rom. A couplet, in poetry. Span. copla. P. ii. 41. GachÓ. Rom. Any one who is not a gypsy; the same as Rom. busnÓ. P. ii. 129; Pp. 235; M. vii. 53; McR. 93. Galera. Span. A long cart without springs; the sides are lined with matting, while beneath hangs a loose open net, as under the calesinas of Naples, in which lies and barks a horrid dog, who keeps a cerberus watch over iron pots and sieves, and suchlike gypsy utensils, and who is never to be conciliated.—Ford’s Spain, Introd. p. 37. Gallego. Span. and Port. Galician; usually Anglicized by Borrow as Gallegan. The Roman Gallaeci or Callaeci. Gallineria. Span. A hen-coop; a place for keeping gallinas, or chickens. Galoot (Galuth). Hebr. Bondage, captivity. “The galoot of sin.” In the slang of the United States the word means “a simpleton.” Garbanzos. Span. Chick-pease (Cicer arietinum). The invariable vegetable in every olla and puchero. Garlochin. Rom. Heart. See Carlo. Garnata. Arab. Granada. See Melegrana. Garrote. Span. and Port. The death penalty by strangulation, in which an iron collar fixed to a post is tightened by a screw and receives the neck of the culprit, which is broken by a sharp turn given by the executioner. Garrote also means a cudgel, or heavy walking-stick; and the tourniquet used by surgeons. It is a word of strange and uncertain etymology, and is said to be connected with Span. garra, a claw, Fr. jarret, a thigh, and other apparently incongruous words. Gazpacho. A dish in the nature of a vegetable salad very popular in Spain, made of bread, onions, potatoes, tomatoes, garlic, garbanzos or chick-peas, with oil and seasoning of various kinds. The etymology is uncertain. Gefatura. Span. Office of the following. Gefe. Span. Chief. Gefe politico = corregidor, q.v. Gelaba. Arab. A long cloak. Arab. jilbab. Genio. Span. and Port. Genius; spirit. Genoui, dimin. Genouillos. Moor. A Genoese, Genoese children. Gente, Jente. Span. and Port. People. GermanÍa. Span. According to the dictionaries, Gibil. Arab. A hill. Ginete. Span. A good horseman. À la gineta, in the Moorish style (of riding). Diez, strangely enough, would derive this Arab or Moorish word from the Grk. ???t??, a naked or light-armed foot soldier. It is really derived from the proper name Zeneta, a Berber tribe who furnished the finest horsemen to the Spanish Moors (Cron. Alfonso X., fo. 6 d, an. 1263). In Catalan the word has become janetz. Our English word “jennet” may be derived from the same source. Girar. Span. and Port. To turn round. Gitana. Thieves’ slang. Twelve ounces of bread. See i. 177. Gitano. Span. A gypsy. A corrupted form of Egiptiano, an Egyptian. R. 269; McR. 109. See Zincalo. Godo. Span. and Port. A Goth; Gothic. Goh. Pers. Mountain. More correctly, koh. Gonfaloniera. Ital. Standard-bearer. Gra, Gras, Graste, Gry. Rom. A horse. P. ii. 145; A. 33; Pp. 249; M. vii. 58. Gracia. Span. Gratia. Lat. Grace. Granja. Span. A grange, farm. La Granja, the royal palace at San Ildefonso. Greco. Ital. Griego. Span. Greek. Guapo, Guapito. Span. and Port. Gay, neat, clever, elegant, gallant. Guardacostas. Span. A revenue cutter. Guardia. Span. A guard, watch. Guerilla. Span. Lit. little war. Irregular warfare to which the Spaniards have ever been so much addicted. The guerrillero is the irregular soldier, or armed paisano, who wages this little war. Guerra. Span. War. Guissan. Basque. According to. It is an adaptation of the Fr. guise, Span. guisa. The regular Basque words are arabera, araura. Aizquibel, Basque-Spanish Dict., gives the form gisara. GursÉan. Moor. The giant aloe. Span. pita. Apud Borrow, ii. 276. Haber. Span. To have. Hay, there are. No hay mas? Are there no more? Habla. Span. Speech. Hablar. Span. To speak. Lat. fabulare. Hacer. Span. To do, make. El harÁ el gusto por V, He will do what you want. Hada, Hade. Arab. This. Haik. Arab. A white cloth worn over the head by the Moors. Haimas. Arab. Tents. More correctly, ?aimat, plur. ?iyam. Haji. Arab., Turk., and Grk. One who having made the haj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca, is entitled to wear a green turban and assume the title of haji. But the same title, strange to say, is assumed by orthodox Christians who have made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem; and Haji Yanco is quite as common a title or mode of address in the Levant as Haji IbrahÍm. Halal. Arab. Lawful. Haloof. Berber. Hog’s flesh. More correctly, ?alluf. Hamal. Arab. Porter, carrier. More correctly, ?ammal. Hanutz. Arab. Shop. More correctly, ?anut. Haram. Arab. and Hebr. Forbidden. Akin to this is harem. Hasta. Span. Until. See Despues. Hato. Span. A herd, a multitude. Port. fato. Hax Weib, Hax. Germ. A witch. A wrong form of Hexe Weib or Hexe, a witch, or female wizard. Hayim. Hebr. Living. More correctly, hayyim. Heller. Germ. A copper coin in use in Germany previous to 1848; in value about one farthing. Herencia. Span. Heritage, inheritance. Herrador. Span. A blacksmith. Hidalgo. Span. See Fidalgo. Higuera. Span. A fig-tree. Hijo. Span. A son. Lat. filius. Hinai. Arab. Here. Hok. Rom. Deceit, falsehood, fraud. Hokka, to lie; hokkawar, to cheat. Hokkano, in Eng. Rom., a lie. P. ii. 160; A. 37; Pp. 317; M. vii. 63. Hokkano baro, the great trick. See Z. i. 310; LL. 244; Lel. 352; Gr. 357. Hombre. Span. Homme. Fr. A man Horca. Span. The gallows. Houris. Arab. The women of the Moslem Paradise. Plural of the Arab, ?awrÁ = black-eyed. Hsheesh. Arab. I.e. ?ashish, a preparation of hemp. HuÁje. Arab. Things. HuÁje del Mselmeen, more correctly, ?awaij el Muslimin, things of the Moslems. Hueso. Span. A bone. Hundunar, Jundunar. Rom. A soldier. P. ii. 172; R. 294. J. gives jundo, jundonal. Ichasoa. Basque. The sea. The verse quoted by Borrow (ii. 118) more accurately runs thus—
Infamia. Span. and Port. Infamy. Infante. Span. and Port. Prince. Inglaterra. Span. England. Ingles. Span. English. Inglesito! “My little Englishman!” Inquisicion. Span. The Inquisition. Inshallah. Arab. Please God! Instancia. Span. and Port. Instance, prosecution. See note, ii. 141. Jabador. Apparently a Hispanized form of the African Arabic jabdali = a gold-embroidered waistcoat. Jaca, or Haca. Span. A pony, or small riding horse. Jara Canallis. Rom. The only authority I have succeeded in finding for this word is Z. ii. * 61. “JaracaÑales, guards, officers of the revenue.” It may possibly be derived from the Bohemian gypsy xÁro, Hungarian hÁro = sabre, and the Span. canalla, but I have no reason to suppose that the word xÁro or hÁro was known to the gypsies of Spain. Jargon. Eng. Originally a Fr. word, meaning any unintelligible sound, as that of birds, then applied to the strange speech of the Gueux; and so to any unknown tongue. Borrow himself says of the gypsies, “when wishing to praise the proficiency of any individual in their tongue, they are in the habit of saying, ‘He understands the seven jargons’” (Z. ii. 125). Frampton Boswell is recorded (G. i. 374) to have stated that Romany was not one of “the seven languages,” “but,” adds Mr. Jaun, Jauna. Basque. Lord, the lord. Jaungvicoa. Basque. The Lord God. Jaun = man, sir, lord; Gincoa or Jincoa = God. Jehinnim. Arab. and Hebr. Hell. Jennut. Arab. Paradise. Usually written, jannat. Jente. Span. See Gente. Jin. Arab. In classic English, genie (Arabic and Persian jinn), a class of spirits lower than the angels. JohÁr. Arab. A pearl. Jojabar, Jonjabar. Rom. To deceive. From jojÁna, deceit. See Hok. Jorge, dimin. Jorgito. Span. George. Jorobado. Span. A hunchback. The verb jorobar means “to worry.” Juez. Span. A judge. Jumal. Arab. Friday. More correctly, jum‘a. Junta. Span. and Port. An assembly, meeting, council, governing body. JuntunÓ. Rom. A listener, spy, sneak. From junar, junelar, to listen. P. ii. 221; Pp. 497; M. viii. 75. Justicia. Span. A legal tribunal, or the magistrate or magistrates who constitute it. Absol, justice. Kafir. Arab. Not a Moslem. Kandrisa. According to Borrow, Turkish trousers. Possibly the same as the African Arabic ?an dura = long shirt, toga talaris. Kapul Udbagh. According to Borrow = “There is no God but one.” Kauk. Hebr. The furred cap of Jerusalem, according to Borrow. We may perhaps compare ?u?a, stated by Redhouse in his Turkish Diet, to be a peculiar plumed head-dress worn by field-officers of the Janissaries. Kawar. Arab. An uncommon word, meaning, no doubt, a cemetery, being a corrupt form of ?abr, a tomb. Kebir. Arab. Great. Kermous del Inde. Arab. A fruit; the prickly pear. Kistur, Kester. Rom. To ride. P. ii. 122; SC. refer to uklistÓ, Pp. 560; A. 14; M. viii. 89. Borrow derives it from the Wallachian keleri. Perhaps from the Grk. ?????. KjÆmpe. Scand. A champion. Cf. “Kempion the kingis son” in the ballad that bears his name. Knaw. Rom. Now. P. ii. 124; Pp. 130; M. vii. 5. Kosko, Kooshto. Rom. Good. P. ii. 157. This is an Eng. Rom. word. Continental gypsies use latchÓ, mishtÓ. Kyrie. Grk. ????e, sir, my lord. Labrador. Span. Cultivator, rustic, peasant. Labrar, to till the ground. LÁcha. Rom. Maidenhead, virginity. Z. ii. 7; P. ii. 331; Pp. 325; M. viii. 4. LachipÉ. Rom. Silk. I cannot explain this word, unless it is connected with the following. LachÓ, fem. LachÍ. Rom. Good. P. ii. 329; A. 49; Pp. 328; M. viii. 4. LadrÕes. Port. Plur. of ladrÃo, a thief. Lat. latro. LalorÉ. Rom. The Portuguese. LalorÓ, the red land. Eng. Rom. Lotto (cf. Jackanapes, p. 28). P. i. 54, ii. 338; Pp. 328, 339; M. viii. 8. Lapurrac. Basque. The thieves. Largo. Port. A square, or public place in a town. Lectura. Span. Reading. Len. Rom. A river. Len baro, the great river; Wady al Kebir, the Guadalquivir. P. ii. 336; Pp. 333; M. viii. 6. Levantarse. Span. and Port. To raise one’s self, rise. Le. Span. To him. Li, Lil. Rom. Paper; a letter, passport, book. P. ii. 329, 339; A. 48; Pp. 334; M. viii. 7. Lib. Hebr. Heart. More correctly, leb. Liceo. Span. School, college. Lilipendi. Rom. A simpleton. Akin to LilÓ, q.v. LilÓ, fem. LilÍ. Rom. Foolish, mad. P. ii. 340. Limosna, dimin. Limosnita. Span. Alms, charity. Lindo. Span. and Port. Beautiful, pretty. Liri. Rom. Law. P. ii. 340. Llavero. Span. Turnkey. Loco. Span. Mad. LondonÉ. Rom. An Englishman; lit. a Londoner. So B., but it is probably plural. P. i. 54. Longanizero. Span. Sausage-maker. Lontra. Port. Otter. Span. nutria. “L” for “N” is characteristic. Loor. Old Span. Praise. Lume. Port. Light. Lumia. Rom. A harlot. P. ii. 334; Pp. 342; M. viii. 9; G. i. 178. Ma. Arab. Not. Macho, Macha. Span. A mule, male or female. Considering that, even in Spanish, macho did, and does, signify a male animal of any kind—being an abbreviation of the Latin masculus—macha, a she-mule, is rather a strange word! Madrilati. Rom. Madrid. Also AdalÍ, J. In thieves’ slang also Gao (= gav, a town), Z. ii. * 54. But H. gives gao = piojo (a louse). Maha. Sanscr. Great. Persian mih. Mahasni, plur. Makhasniah. Arab. Soldiers. More correctly, men of the garrison; defenders. Mai. Port. Mother. Mailla. Rom. A she-ass. P. ii. 454. Apparently only found in Eng. Romany. MajarÓ. Rom. Holy. P. ii. 462. Majo, Maja. Dandy; fancy man or girl. Majo, scarcely to be rendered in any foreign language, is a word of more general signification than manolo, q.v. The one is a dandy, or smart fellow, all over Spain; the other is used only of a certain class in Madrid. Majoon. I cannot find this word, but it is apparently the name of some intoxicating substance, and is probably connected with the Arabic majnun = possessed by a jinn, mad. Makhiah. Arab. Brandy made of figs. More correctly, ma’iyya. Malo. Span. Bad, wicked. Malvado. Span. and Port. Malicious, evil disposed. Man. Rom. Me. P. i. 229; Pp. 66; M. xi. 22. Manolo. Span. Manolo is a somewhat difficult word to translate. It is applied to the flash or fancy man and his manola in Madrid only; a class fond of pleasure, of fine clothes, of bull-fights, and of sunshine, with a code of honour of their own; men ManrÓ. Rom. Bread or corn. Estremadura is thus called Chim del ManrÓ, “The Land of Corn.” P. ii. 440; Pp. 350; M. viii. 12. Given as marron, G. i. 177. Manta. Span. and Port. A woollen blanket. Á manta de Dios = copiously. The word has nothing to do with the national cloak of Spain, which is la capa. Mantilla. Span. The characteristic headdress of Spanish ladies, of black silk or lace, drawn over the back of the head and shoulders. Dimin. of manta. Mar. Span. and Port. Sea. MaravedÍ. Span. A coin of various weights and values. See Burke’s History of Spain, ii. 282. Marequita. Span. Dimin. of Maria. Mariposa. Span. A butterfly; a night light. Mas. Span. More. Matador. Span. and Port. (1) A slayer, murderer. (2) The man who kills the bull. See note, i. 170. Mato. Port. A forest; or more exactly, a wild country, full of bushes and thickets. Maughrabie. Arab. A Borrovian adaptation of the Arabic Al Maghrib, the west, signifying Mauretania, or North-Western Africa. Mayim. Hebr. Waters. Mayor. Span. and Port. Greater. Mayordomo. Span. and Port. House steward, or major-domo. Mearrah. Hebr. and Arab. Cemetery. Lit. a cave. Hebr. m‘arah, Arab. magharah. Meclis, Meklis. Eng. Rom. Leave off! have done! “‘Meklis,’ said Mrs. Chikno, ‘pray drop all that, sister’” (The Romany Rye, ch. v.). P. ii. 112, 434; Pp. 369; M. viii. 19. Medico. Span. and Port. A physician. Meforshim. Hebr. The commentators. More correctly, m’fÁr’shim. Meiga. Port. and Gal. A female sharper, fortune-teller, or sorceress. The adjective meigo, in Spanish mego, has the signification of gentle, kind, mild. Melegrana. Rom. Granada. From the Ital. melagrana, a pomegranate; Span. granada. See note, 375. Mendi. Basque. A mountain. See note to Ingles Mendi, ii. 314. Mercado. Span. and Port. A market, or market-place. Merced. Span. (1) Favour, grace, mercy. (2) A day labourer’s pay, or wages. (3) In combination, Mesuna. Rom. A wayside inn, or posada, q.v. P. ii. 43, 463. Mezquita. Span. A mosque. MÍla. Irish. A thousand. Milagro. Span. A miracle. Min. Rom. My, mine. P. i. 237; Pp. 69; M. xi. 30. Min. Arab. From. Mirar. Span. To look. Miseria. Span. and Port. Misery, wretchedness; also niggardliness, stinginess. Moderado. Span. and Port. Moderate. The name assumed by the more royalist members of the Cristino party. See i. 180. Modo. Span. and Port. (1) Measure; (2) courtesy, urbanity. V. no tiene modo, “You’ve got no manners.” Moidore. O. Eng. Portuguese moeda d’ouro = golden money, was a gold piece of the value of about twenty-six shillings. Mona. Span. and Port. A she-monkey. MonrÓ. Rom. A friend; in thieves’ slang, an adult. Z. ii. 149; P. ii. 453; M. viii. 18. Montana. Span. A hill, mountain. Monte. Span. and Port. A hill, mountain. Montera. Span. A hunting-cap, a Montero cap. Montero. Span. A hunter; originally, a mountaineer. Moro. Span. Moorish. Mostrador. Span. The counter, of a shop. Mozo. Span. A youth, or lad; moza, a girl. Mselmeen. Arab. Moslems. See HuÁje. Muchacho, Muchacha. Spn. Boy; girl. Mucho. Span. Much. Muger, Mujer. Span. Woman; wife. Mujik, Muzhik. Russ. A peasant. It may be added that their popular song, “Come, let us cut the cabbage” (i. 175), is not, as might be supposed, an exhortation to horticultural pursuits. “To cut the cabbage” is a slang expression among the Slavs for killing a Turk, in allusion to the green turbans worn by the descendants of the prophet. Muk. Rom. Let, allow. See Meclis. Mundo. Span. and Port. World. Mushee. Arab. I.e. ma = not, shee = thing. Muy. Span. Very, much. Nacional. Span. and Port. A Nationalist; a member of the National Guard. Nahi. Rom. Translated by Borrow, lost. If so, perhaps connected with najabar, to lose. P. ii. 324; Pp. 381; M. viii. 23. Possibly, however, it is only a negative = is not. P. i. 319; A. 70. Nao. Port. Ship. Narangero. Span. An orange-seller. Nava. Span. A plain. Ndui. Hebr. A kind of hell, or purgatory, according to Borrow, who puts the word into the mouth of his Lisbon Jews. It is, apparently, the Hebr. niddui = ban, excommunication. Nefsky. Russ. Of the Neva. Negro. Span. and Port. (1) Black; (2) a negro, or African; (3) the nickname given by the Basque Carlists to the Cristinos, or Constitutionalists, 1833–1839. Nicabar. Rom. To take away, steal, destroy. P. ii. 326; Pp. 390; M. viii. 25. Niri. Basque. My, mine. Noche. Span. Night. Nombre. Span. Name. Novillo. Span. A young bull. See note, i. 361. Novio. Span. Bridegroom, betrothed. Nuar. Arab. Flowers. More correctly, nawar. Nuestro. Span. Our. Nuveiro. This word is neither Castilian, Galician, nor Portuguese; but is a made-up or fancy word, from the Portuguese nuvem, a cloud; a cloud man, or supernatural being. O. Rom. The. Ó. Span. Or. Obispo. Span. Bishop. Ojalateros. Span. “Waiters upon Providence.” A burlesque word. See note, i. 169. Onza. Span. A coin of the value of about £3 6s. 8d.; lit. an ounce of gold. Also known as the doblon de À 8; Anglicized as “piece of eight.” OraÇam, OraÇÃo. Port. A prayer. Otro. Span. Other. No hay otro en el mundo, “There’s none like it in the world.” Oulem. Hebr. Of the world. Arab. ‘olam. PachÍ. Rom. Modesty, honour, virginity. P. ii. 347. Paciencia. Span. and Port. Patience. Padre. Span. and Port. Father. Padrino. Span. (1) Sponsor, godfather; (2) second—in a duel. Padron. Span. Patron, landlord. Pahan. Phoen. A rabbit. Paisano. Span. and Port. A countryman; not a peasant, but a man of the same country as another; a compatriot. As the conventional answer to the challenge, “Quien vive?” by a Spanish sentry, it means “Civilian.” Pajandi. Rom. A guitar. According to Borrow, lit. “the thing that is touched or played upon.” P. ii. 369, 426. Pajaria. Span. Straw-market. The place where straw is kept is Pajar. Pal. Rom. See Plan. Palabra. Span. A word. Palomar. Span. A dovecote. Pan. Span. Bread. Panhagia. Grk. Lit. All-holy. The Virgin Mary. PanÍ. See Pawnee. PaÑuelo. Span. A handkerchief. Lit. a little cloth. Papas. Grk. A priest (pap??). Para. Span. and Port. For. ParnÓ. Rom. White. P. ii. 359; Pp. 410; M. viii. 32. ParnÉ. White, or silver money; thence, as in the case of Fr. argent, money in general. See ParnÓ. Parra. Span. Festoons of vines; the trellis or stakes upon which these festoons are trained. Parugar. Rom. To barter, swop, chaffer. P. ii. 354; Pp. 412; M. viii. 33. Pasteleros. Span. Pastrycooks. Pastesas. Rom. The hands. Ustilar Á pastesas is to steal “with the hands,” or by any sleight of hand. Z. i. 315. The usual Span. gypsy word is ba, J.; bas, Z. i. 522. Both are doubtless variations of the more common vast. P. ii. 86; Pp. 573; M. viii. 94; SC. 151. Pastor. Span. and Port. Shepherd. Patio. Span. and Port. The court of a house; either the open space round which Spanish houses are so commonly built, or an open court in front of it. Patron. See Padron. Pawnee, PanÍ. Rom. Water. Hind. panÍ. The one special word known to all gypsies wherever found, even in Brazil. P. ii. 343; Pp. 405; M. viii. 31; G. i. 61. Peluni. Arab. Of another. See ii. 313. PeÑa. Span. A rock. Peptndorio. Rom. Antonio; proper name. Perico. Span. A small parrot. Pero. Span. But Perro. Span. A dog. Pesar. Span. and Port. To afflict, distress. Lit. to weigh. Me peso, “I’m very sorry.” Peseta. Span. A Spanish coin, representing, down to 1870, two silver reals or four reals vellon, but since 1870 the standard or unit of value in Spanish finance, is nearly equal to the French franc, and, like it, divided for purposes of account, into 100 centimos. Petulengro, Petalengro. Eng. Rom. A shoeing smith. See note on i. 204; P. ii. 348; Pp. 427; M. viii. 37; SC. 13, 121; and, generally, Lavengro and The Romany Rye. Pfaffen. Germ. Monks; a contemptuous term for clerics generally, whether regular or secular. Piazza. Ital. An open square in a town, surrounded by colonnades. In modern American parlance the word is often used for a veranda, in which sense Borrow apparently uses it, i. 276. Picador. Span. and Port. A riding-master, bull-fighter. See note, i. 170, and Torero. Picardia. Span. and Port. Knavishness; from picaro, a rogue, knave, or loafer. The English adjective picaresque is conventionally applied to a certain class of Spanish story of low life and sharp practice relieved by humour. PÍcaro. Span. and Port. Rogue, knave. Picaron. Span. Augmentative (on) of pÍcaro, a great scamp. Pica. Span. and Port. Peak, summit. Pila. Span. A water-trough. Pinar, Pinal. Span. Grove or wood of pine trees. PinrÓ, PindrÓ, plur. PindrÉ. Rom. Foot; en pindrÉ, on foot P. ii. 351; Pp. 433; M. viii. 47; A. 33. Pio. Span. and Port. Pious. Pirar, Pirelar. Rom. To go, walk. P. ii. 382; Pp. 436; M. viii. 42. Pita. Span. The aloe (Agave americana). PlulÍ. Rom. A widow. P. ii. 377; Pp. 439; M. viii. 43. Plako or Placo. Rom. Tobacco. Russ. prÂk = powder. P. ii. 361; Pp. 445; M. viii. 52. A gypsy model at Granada gave it as prajo in 1876, “L” and Plan, PlanorÓ, Plal. Rom. Brother, comrade. Eng. Rom. pal. P. ii. 383; A. 79; Pp. 445; M. viii. 43. Playa. Span. The strand. Plaza. Span. A square or open space in a town. Ital. piazza, q.v. Plazuela. Span. Dimin. of Plaza. Poblacion. Span. (1) Population; (2) act of populating; (3) a town. Pobrecita. Span. “Poor thing!” Dimin. of pobre, poor. Politico. Span. and Port. Political, civil. See note, ii. 127. Polk. Russ. A regiment. Poquito. Span. Dimin. of poco. Small, little. Por. Span. and Port. For. Porque. Span. and Port. Because. Posada. Span. “A lodging; from posar, to sit down or lodge, hence lodging-house, tavern, or small hotel. The genuine Spanish town inn is called the posada, as being meant to mean a house of repose after the pains of travel. Strictly speaking, the keeper is only bound to provide lodging, salt, and the power of cooking whatever the traveller brings with him or can procure out-of-doors, and in this it differs from the fonda, in which meats and drinks are furnished.”—Ford, Gatherings from Spain, ch. xv. Posadero. Span. Innkeeper. Posta. Span. and Port. Post, post-house. Casa de las Postas, General Post-office. PraÇa. Port. Square, place. Prado. Span. and Port. A lawn or meadow. The great promenade at Madrid. Praia. Gal. Seashore, strand. Presidio. Span. and Port. Place of imprisonment, penitentiary; prim. a fortress, or the garrison thereof. Prestar. Port. To be of use. Primero. Span. First. Principe. Span. and Port. Princeps. Lat. Prince. Propina. Span. Lat. propinare. Drink-money; pour boire, a tip. Puchera or Puchero. Span. A stew; prim. the pot in which the stew is made, which, as in the case of the olla, has come to signify the contents. The puchero is more used in the north, the olla in the south of the Peninsula. The combination olla podrida is now at least never heard in Spain. Pueblo. Span. A small town, or village. Puente. Span. A bridge. Puerta. Span. Door, gate. Puerta del Sol, Gate of the Sun. The central point of Madrid. Puerto. Span. A bay, or port; also a pass in the mountains. Pulido. Span. Neat, delicate, charming. Quatro. Span. and Port. Four. Que. Span. and Port. What, that. Quer. Rom. A house. See Ker. Quien. Span. Who. Quiero. Span. I wish. Quinta. Span. and Port. A country house. Rabbi. Hebr. Master. Rainha. Port. Queen. Rais. Arab. Chief; captain of a ship. Rajil. Arab. Man. Randado. Rom. Written. From randar, P. ii. 276. Ratero. Span. Mean, scoundrelly. Raya. Span. Border, boundary, or frontier. Real. Span. and Port. Royal. Real. Span. and Port. A coin or unit of value. The Spanish plural is reales; the Portuguese, reis or rees. The Spanish real is worth about 2½d. English; the Portuguese only 1/20d., one thousand reis making the Portuguese dollar, or piece of mil reis, hence called a milrei or milreis. Regata. Span. A small channel, or, conduit. Reja. Span. The iron grating before a window looking on to the street of a town. The recognized trysting-place of a lover and his mistress. Relacion. Span. Relation, story. Rematar. Span. and Port. To end, finish. Que Dios remate tu nombre! “May God blot out your name!” Render. Span. and Port. To yield, surrender. RepaÑi. Rom. Brandy. This word, given in 1876 (v. Plako), is derived by Pott from repaÑi (repaÑÓ, J.), a radish, the connexion being the sharp taste of both (ii. 274). Remembering the “fire-water” of the Indians, the aguardiente of Spain and Portugal, and the tattopani of the Eng. gypsies, I am tempted to suggest another explanation. J. gives ardiente = carÍ, and aguardiente = paÑicarÍ. Now car (P. ii. 125) or jar (ib. 171) = heat. Change the Repostero. Span. The butler, or majordomo, in a great house. The reposteria is the plate-room, storeroom, or pantry. Reputacion. Span. Reputation. Gente de reputacion, “swells,” “swagger people.” Requiso. Span. Requisitioning (from requerir). A technical word; the authority that requisitions private property, horses, etc., for the use of the national army in time of war. Reyna. Span. Queen. Ria. Span. and Port. An estuary, as the mouth of a river. More particularly applied to the numerous bays on the Galician and Asturian coasts of Northwest Spain. Ro, Rom. Rom. A husband; a married gypsy. Roma, the husbands, is the generic name of the gypsy nation, or Romany. P. ii. 275; A. 56; Pp. 462; M. viii. 58; McR. 91. Romero. Span. Rosemary. Romi. Rom. A married gypsywoman; fem. of rom, a husband; a married gypsy. Roque. Span. and Port. The “rook,” or “castle,” at chess. Pers. rukh. The same word is used for the fabulous bird of immense size so often mentioned in Oriental tales. Rouble. Russ. A kind of Russian money, either silver or paper. Its present value is about two shillings. Ruah. Arab, and Hebr. Spirit. Used throughout the Old Test, to denote the Spirit of God, the Holy Spirit. Rufianesco. Span. Ruffian, criminal. Rune. Eng. (1) A letter of the ancient Scandinavian alphabet, usually carved on stone. (2) A short mystic sentence of Scandinavian origin. Norse and Danish rune, Swed. runa. Sabio. Span. and Port. Learned. King Alfonso X. was surnamed El Sabio, which is sometimes erroneously rendered “The Wise.” Sabio is, rather, “erudite;” and the king was undoubtedly the most learned man of his time, though his government was not always by any means wise. Sacro. Span. and Port. Sacred. Safacoro. Rom. The city of Seville. P. ii. 248. J. gives Sevillano = Safacorano. Sagadua, Sagardua. Basque. Cider; i.e. the strong or Spanish cider, called in French Basque charnoa or sharnoa, as distinguished from the weak cider which Sagra. Span. The name of certain districts in Spain, especially of one lying north of Toledo. The word is probably derived from the Arab ?a?ra = a plain. See note, i. 257. Salamanquesa. Span. A salamander, or, star-lizard; otherwise called salamandra. Sandia. Span. A water-melon. Santiguo. Span. The action of crossing one’s self. Santiguar is “to make the sign of the cross.” Santo. Span. and Port. Sainted, holy. La Santa Casa, the Inquisition. Santon. Span. A great saint; more especially applied to Moslem recluses. Also, a hypocrite. Santurron. Span. A great saint; usually, a great hypocrite. Sardinha. Port. and Gal. A sardine. Borrow’s friends, la gente rufianesca, have a quaint name for a galley-slave, apaleador de sardinas, a sardine-beater. H. 155. Sba. Arab. Morning. More correctly, ?aba?. Scharki. Arab. The East. Scharr. See Daoud. Schophon. Heb. ShÂphÂn (????) A quadruped which chews the cud like a hare (Lev. xi. 5; Deut. xiv. 7); which lives gregariously on rocks, and is remarkable for its cunning (Ps. civ. 18; Prov. xxx. 26). The Rabbins render coney, or rabbit; more correctly the LXX. in three places ?????????????, i.e. an animal resembling the marmot. SÉ. Span. I know; from saber. Sea. Span. May he be; from ser. Seco. Span. and Port. Dry. See ii. 82. Secretario. Span. and Port. Secretary. Segun. Span. According to. Segundo. Span. and Port. Second. Senhor, Senhora. Port. SeÑor, SeÑora. Span. Gentleman, lady. SeÑorito, SeÑorita. Span. Dimin. of the above. Seo. Span. A cathedral church. Sereka. Arab. A theft. More correctly, sarika. Serra. Port. A high range of mountains; the Spanish sierra. Serrador. Span. and Port. A sawyer. Although according to some authorities this was the real name of the person mentioned in i. 138, 233, it seems that he was really a sawyer, by name JosÉ Miralles, born in Valencia, on the borders of Aragon. He served under El Fraile (The Friar), a Serrania. Span. and Port. District or country of sierras, or mountain ridges. Servil. Span. and Port. Servile. Applied, as a substantive, as a party nickname to the Royalists on the outbreak of the first civil war in 1820. SesÓ (fem. SesÍ, plur. SesÉ, also = Spain). Rom. A Spaniard. In Spanish the word signifies “brain,” P. ii. 249. ShaitÁn. Arab. Satan, the devil. Shee. Arab. Thing. Shekel. Hebr. A Hebrew coin of uncertain value. The word itself means merely “a weight.” Shem. Hebr. Name. Shem Hamphorash. Hebr. The separated, reserved, or special Name, i.e. Yahweh. Always transliterated Adonai. Lord (a word which itself, perhaps, contains the Span. Don), whence ??????, Dominus, and the Lord, have found their way into translations of the Old Testament. Our English “Jehovah” contains the forbidden consonants of Yahweh and the vowel points of Adonai. Shereef. Arab. Noble. Shillam eidri. Apparently meant for lashon ivri = the Hebrew tongue. Shoob. Borrovian for the Russian shuba, a fur cloak or pelisse. The word has made its way into Eng. Rom. as shooba, a gown. Shrit. Apparently for the Arabic ishtari = buy. Sibat. Arab. Slippers. More correctly, sabbat. Sidi. Arab. My lord. More usually written Said or Sayyid, the same as the more familiar Cid. The fem. Sitti = my lady, is familiar to every lady who has visited North Africa. Sierras. Span. Lit. saws; applied to mountain ranges, from their serrated outline. Siesta. Span. Lat. sexta (hora), noon. Noontide or afternoon sleep. Sext is one of the canonical hours of the Catholic Church. Siete. Span. Seven. Siglo. Span. Century, age. Signor, Signore. Ital. Sir. Sinah. See Dar. Sinar. Rom. To be. Sin, he is; sinava, I was. P. ii. 250; Pp. 255; M. vii. 66. Soc. Arab. A market. More correctly, su?. Soc de barra = outer market. Sociedad. Span. Society. Soga. Span. A rope; a well-rope; a halter for beasts; the halter for hanging a man. Solabarri. Rom. Bridle. P. ii. 239; Pp. 487; M. viii. 69. Sombrero. Span. A hat; that which gives sombra, or shade. Son. Span. They are; from ser. Sonacai. Rom. Gold. P. ii. 227; Pp. 481; M. viii. 68. Sopa. Span. (1) Soup. (2) The entire dinner. Sotea. Port. Flat roof; balcony; platform. Sou. Port. Soy. Span. I am; from ser. Sowanee. Rom. A sorceress. Used by Borrow, i. 122, for the more correct chuajaÑi, Eng. Rom. chovihoni. P. ii. 190; Pp. 549; M. vii. 37. Su. Span. Suus. Lat. His. Svend. Dan. Swain. Tabla. Span. A board, or plank. Tal. Span. and Port. Such. Que tal? “How goes it?” Talib. Arab. Learned, Lit. “a seeker,” used in some countries for “a devotee.” More correctly, ?alib. Tambien. Span. Also, likewise, as well. Tan. Span. So. Tarde. Span. and Port. Afternoon, evening. Teatro. Span. Theatre. Tebleque. Rom. God the Saviour, Jesus. P. ii. 312; J. Tener. Span. To take, hold, have. See Modo. Tuvose, it was held, or, thought. Terelar. Rom. To have, hold. P. ii, 294; A. 41; Pp. 512; M. viii. 79. Terreiro. Port. A parade, promenade. Tertulia. Span. An assembly, conversazione. Tinaja. Span. A large earthen jar. Tinto. Span. and Port. Coloured. Vino tinto, red wine. Tio, Tia. Span. Uncle; aunt. Applied in common life as a term of familiar address to any one, not related to the speaker. Something like the Old English gaffer and gammer. Tipotas. Grk. Nothing (p?p?te). Tocino. Span. Bacon, pork. Todo. Span. and Port. All. Toma. Span. Lit. take; as an interjection, “Come!” “Look here!” Tomate. Span. The tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Tonsura. Span. and Port. (1) A cutting, of hair or wool. (2) The first of the ecclesiastical orders. Torah, or Thorah. Hebr. The books of the Law; the Pentateuch. Toreador. See Torero. Torero. Span. A professional bull-fighter. These are of three classes—the picadores, or horsemen; the bandarilleros, or placers of banderillos; and the matador, or espada. Each company, or cuadrilla, of fighters consists of a matador, chief of the band, three bandarilleros, and two picadores. There is also usually a sobresaliente (or understudy) de espada, in case of accidents; and a certain number of chulos, or men with cloaks, complete the personnel of the ring. Traducido. Span. Translated. From traducir. Traer. Span. To bear, carry. Traguillo. Span. Dim. of trago. A draught, drink. Trampa. Span. and Port. A trap, snare. Trinidad. Span. Trinity. Tsadik. Hebr. Righteous. Hence Tsadok, the leader of the Sadducees, derived his name. Tucue. Rom. Thee, with thee. See Tute. Tuerto. Span. One-eyed. Tunante. Span. and Port. Truant; lazy scoundrel. Tute. Rom. Thou, thee. P. i. 229; Pp. 66; M. viii. 87. Tuvose. See Tener. Undevel, Undebel. Rom. God. According to Borrow, the first syllable of the word is the Om of the Brahmins and Indian Buddhists, one of the names of the Deity. Pott, however, denies this, ii. 75, 311; A. 285 Pp. 205; M. vii. 42; G. i. 177. Uria. Basque. City. So translated by Borrow, but I cannot find the word. The correct Basque is iri or hiri. Usted. Span. Contracted form of vuestra merced, your worship; used for “you;” now written simply Vd or V. Ustilar. Rom. To take, take up, steal. ValdepeÑas. Span. The red wine made in the neighbourhood of that town, in die heart of La Mancha. It is about the best in Spain. Valer. Span. To be worth, prevail, protect. Valgame Dios! “May God protect me!” “S’help me!” Valido. Span. and Port. Powerful, respected. See note, ii. 376. Valiente. Span. (1) As an adjective, strong or valiant. (2) As a substantive, in a less honourable sense, as “cock of the walk,” or bully. Vamos, or Vamonos. Span. “Let us go!” “Come along!” VÁstaco. Span. Stem, bud, shoot. Vaya. Span. A very common interjection or expression, “Come!” “Get along!” “Let it go!” Imper. of ir, to go. Vecino. Span. An inhabitant; as an adjective, neighbouring. Vega. Span. A meadow or plain; an open tract of level and fruitful ground, more particularly applied to the country around Granada; generally an alluvial tract formed by the bend of a river or expansion of a valley. Velho. Port. Old. Venta. Span. Venda. Port. Strictly speaking, an isolated country inn, or house of reception on the road; and if it be not of physical entertainment, it is at least one of moral, and accordingly figures in prominent characters in all the personal narratives and travels in Spain. The venta is inferior in rank to the posada, q.v. The original meaning of the word is “sale.” Verdadero. Span. True. Verdugo, Verduga. Span. and Port. Said of an exceedingly cruel person. Prim. a switch, then a flogger, or executioner. Viaje. Span. A voyage. Vid. Span. Vine. Viejo. Span. Old; an old man. Villa. Span. A town; greater than an aldea or village, less than a ciudad or city. Villano, Villana. Span. Countryman, peasant; country girl or woman. Vino. Span. Wine. Virgen. Span. Virgo. Lat. Virgin. Vise. Nor. Dan. A ballad. VisÉ. Fr. Endorsed, or furnished with the official visa. As commonly applied to passports, neither the verb nor Viver. Span. and Port. To live. Que viva! “Long life to him!” VossÉ, or Vossem. Port. Vossa mercÉ, your worship; you. Gal. vustÉ; Span. usted. See note, i. 89. Voy. Span. I am going; from ir. Wady. Arab. River. Wady al kebir = the great river, the Guadalquivir. Wakhud. Arab. A, the article. More correctly, wa?id. Wullah. Arab. “By God!” Wustuddur. Arab. Home; abode. Lit. the middle of the houses. See Dar. Y. Span. And. Yaw. Borrovian for the Germ. ja = yes. Ydoorshee. Arab. It signifies; lit. it hurts. Yerba. Span. (1) Grass. (2) Poison. Yesca. Span. Under. Yo. Span. I. Youm. Arab. A day. Yudken. Germ. A little Jew; more correctly, JÜdchen. Zamarra. Span. A sheepskin coat, the woolly side turned inwards; from the Basque echamarra (having the same signification), usually worn by shepherds. The French chamarrer, to deck out, or bedizen, is said to be a word of kindred origin. Zarza. Span. A bramble. Zincalo. plur. Zincali. Span. Rom. Gypsy. P. ii. 259; M. viii. 65. Zohar. Hebr. Brilliancy. See note, ii. 318. |
|
