A Naval Expositor .

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Thomas Riley Blanckley
or Cavity, that the Sail may receive the more Wind, and is chiefly used in Top-sails.
Buntlines
Are small Ropes, made fast to the Bottom of the Sails, in the middle Part of the Boltrope to a Cringle, and so are reeved through a small Block, seized to the Yard; their Use is to trice up the Bunt of the Sail, for the better furling of it up.
Buoys
Cann
Illustration Are hooped with Iron, and made very strong, in Shape of a Cann; their Use is to lie on Shoals or Sands for Marks.
Nunn
Illustration Are made tapering at each End, and filled with Rhine Hoops and some Iron, which being strapped with Ropes, are fastened to the Buoy-rope, so as to float directly over the Anchor.
Wood
Illustration Are made out of old Masts, &c. and hath a large Hole made at one End, through which the Buoy-rope is reeved, and serves for the aforesaid Uses: From hence the Word Buoyant, signifies any Thing that is floatable.
Burden or Burthen
Of a Ship, is her Content, or the Number of Tuns she will carry, to compute which, (according to the Rule of Shipwrights Hall) is to multiply the Length of the Keel, by her Breadth and half Breadth, and divide by 94, gives the Number of Tuns.
Burton
Is a small Tackle, to be fastened any where at Pleasure, fitted with two single Blocks, and its Use is to hoist small Things.
Ditto Pendants
Short Ropes, which at one End is fastened either to the Head of the Mast, End of the Yards, on the Main Stay, or Back of the Rudder; and at the other End hath a Thimble spliced in, or a Block to reeve a Fall through.
Butt
Is the End of any Plank which joins to another on the Outside of a Ship under Water; and therefore when a Plank is loose at one End, they call it springing a Butt, to prevent which, they are usually bolted at the Ends.
Buttock
That Part of the Ship's Stern under the Wing Transom, whether round or square.
Bow
Is the Round of a Ship's Side forward, reckoned from the After-bitts (on the Gundeck) to the Stem; if she hath a broad Bow, they call it a Bold-bow; if a narrow thin Bow, its called a Lean-bow.
Cables
Allowed a Ship for Channel Service, are distributed in this Manner, two being spliced together are called the Sheat-shot; three, the Best-bower; one the Small-bower, and one Spare; but if they go a Foreign Voyage, then they are allowed another, which is either bent to the Spare or Small-bower, and are all of one Size; and all Ships are likewise allowed a Stream, which being bent to their respective Anchors, holds the Ship fast when she rides. To serve round, or Plat the Cable, is bind about it old Rope, Canvas, &c. to keep it from gawling in the Hawse, &c. Splice the Cable, is to make two fast together, by working the several Strands one into the other. Coyl the Cable, is to roll it up round in a Ring, of which the several Rolls one upon another are called the Cable Tire. Pay or Veer more Cable, is let more out from the Ship. When two or three Cables are spliced together, it is called a Shot.
Callipers
Illustration Are for taking the Diameter of Timber, Masts, Yards, and Bowsprits, before received into Store.
Caulking
Is driving in Ocham, spun Hair, or Hemp, into the Seams of the Planks, to prevent the Ship's Leaking.
Cambring
A Deck lies Cambring, when it lies not level, but higher in the Middle than at either End: Also if the Keel is bent in the Middle upwards, they say, She is Camberkeeled.
Candles
Are used in the several Offices, by the Artificers to work at Night, in Ships Holds, for taking out their Ballast, and are allowed Quarterly to the Officers of the Ships in Ordinary.
Canvas
Used for making Sails, Awnings, Tarpawlings, &c.
Canvas Hoses
Are for starting Water into or out of Casks.
Cap
Illustration Is a square Piece of Timber put over the Head, or upper End of the Mast, having a round Hole to receive the Mast; by them the Top-masts and Top-gallant-masts are kept steady and firm in the Tressle-trees, where their Feet stand, as those of the lower Masts do in their Steps.
Capstons
Illustration Are of two Kinds in a Ship, the Jeer and the Main. The Jeer Capston is placed between the Main and Fore-mast, and its Use is chiefly to heave upon the Jeer, or to heave upon the Voyal, when the Anchor is weighing. The Main is placed Abaft the Main-mast, its Foot, or lower End standing in a Step on the lower Deck, and its Head is between the two upper Decks. Its several Parts are thus called, the main Substance or Post is the Barrel or Spindle; the Brackets set upon the Body are called Whelps; the thick Piece of Elm at the End of the Barrel, in which the Barrs go, is called the Drum-head. The Pawl is a Piece of Iron bolted at one End to the Beams, or upon Deck, close to the Body of the Capston, to stop it from turning back, and this they call Pawl the Capston; the Use of them are to weigh the Anchors, hoist up or strike down Top-masts, heave any weighty Thing, or to strain any Rope that requireth a main Force. The Terms are, Come up Capston, (i. e.) slack the Voyal which you heave by, in which Sense also they say, Launch or Pawl, that is, stop it from going back.
Capston Pins & Chains
Illustration Goes into the Drum-head of the Capston, and through the Barrs to prevent them flying out of the Holes.
Carreen
Illustration A Ship is said to be brought on a Carreen, when the most Part of her Lading, &c. being taken out, she is laid along-side of the Hulk, which being lower than her, is hawled down as low as Occasion requires, in order to trim her Bottom, to caulk her Seams, or to mend any Thing that is at fault under Water.
Carlings
Are square Pieces of Timber ranging from Beam to Beam Fore and Aft the Ship, which being supported by Scores in their respective Beams, they thereby contribute to strengthen the Deck.
Carpenter
Is the Officer charged with the Masts, Yards and Stores proper to his Province.
Carvel Work
In Boats, the Boards are fayd to lye fair to one another, so as that the Seams of Longboats and Pinnaces may be caulked without Difficulty.
Catharpings
Crotches
Illustration Are very crooked Pieces of Timber in the Hold or Bread-room, from the Mizon Step Aft, fayd cross the Keelson to strengthen the Ship in the Wake of the half Timbers.
Crotches Iron
Illustration Are used on board Sloops or Long Boats, which go with Shoulder of Mutton Sails, for their Boom to lodge upon.
Crows
Illustration Are made with a Claw at one End, and a sharp Point at the other, and used for heaving or purchasing great Weights.
Crowfoot
Illustration Are small Ropes put through the Holes of dead Eyes, and divided into several Parts, and spreads from the Rim of the Tops, pointways to a Tackle on the Stays, for preventing the Topsails getting foul of them.
Cuddy
Is a Place upon the Quarter Deck Afore the Captain's Cabbin. When an Admiral is on board, it is divided into Partitions for the Secretary's Office.
Culm
Is used for burning Plymouth Marble Stone, or Chalk, to make Lime.
Davit
Illustration A Piece of Timber in a Ship having a Notch at one End, in which, by a Strap, hangs a Block called the Fish Pendant Block, the Use of which is, to hawl up the Flook of the Anchor, in order to fasten it to the Ship's Bow; this Davit is shiftable from one Side to the other as occasion serves.
Dead Eyes
Illustration Are a Kind of Blocks having three Holes in them, and through them the Lanyards go, which make fast the Shrouds below to the Chains; the Fore, Main and Mizon Stays of a Ship are set taught by dead Eyes, but they have only one Hole through which the Lanyards have several Turns passed through them.
Crowfoot
Illustration Has a great many Holes bored through them, wherein is reeved the Crowfoot for the Top.
Ironbound
Illustration Serves (in Case a Chain Plate gives way) with being hooked to a Shroud Ess as a Chain Plate.
Dead
Reckoning
Is that Estimation, Judgment or Conjecture which is made where a Ship is, by keeping an Account of her Way by the Logg, in knowing the Course they have steered by the Compass, and by rectifying all the Allowance for Drift, Leeway, &c. according to the Ship's Trim, so that this reckoning is without any Observation of the Sun, Moon and Stars, and is to be rectified as often as any good Observation can be had.
Riseing
Are Pieces of Timber put on the Keel one upon another Afore and Abaft; there is more or less according as the Ship is either full or lean; if the latter, the dead Wood is so put that the Floor Timbers would be within a Square.
Water
Is the Water just behind the Stern of a Ship, and if a great Eddy follows her, they say, she makes much Dead-water; this is called so, because it doth not pass away so swiftly as the Water running by her Side.
Deals Ordinary
Are used by the House Carpenters and Joyners for Flooring, making Bulk-heads, &c.
Deals Prusia
For Ships upper Works, or laying their Decks.
Deck
Is a planked Floor, on which the Guns lye, and Men walk. In great Ships there are three Decks, Upper, Middle and Gun, besides a Quarter Deck, which reaches from the Bulk-head of the Round-house, to very near the Main-mast.
Diall
A Square Piece of Wood, framed and made not unlike the Dial Plate of a Clock, whereon the Hours are painted, fixed to the Mizon-Mast, and after the Ship's Bell being struck, they put the Hand of it to the Hour.
Dipping Needle
A Magnetical Needle, so hung, that instead of playing horizontally, and pointing out N° and S°, one End dips and inclines to the Horizon, the other Points to a certain Degree of Elevation.
Division
Or Squadron, being Part of a Fleet, commanded by a Flag Officer or Commodore.
Dock
Is made by the Side of the Harbour for taking in Ships, and Men to work in, in order to build or repair them.
A Dry-Dock, the Water is kept out by Gates, 'till a Ship is built or repaired, but after that, can easily be let in to Float and Launch her.
A Wet-Dock is a Place where a Ship lies a Float at all Times of Tide to be repaired in.
Dogger
A small Vessel built after the Dutch fashion, with a narrow Stern, and commonly but one Mast.
Doggs
Fire
Illustration To burn Wood on.
Timber
Illustration Are drove into Timber for Horses to draw it about the Yard, or to the Saw-pits.
Drabler
Made of Canvas, to be added to a Bonnet when there is need of more Sail.
Drags
Illustration Are for clearing the Aprons of the Docks of the Filth, that the Gates may the better, and without Difficulty, open and shut.
Drift Sail
quare, through which they put the Fidd; also if a Ship lie on one Side, whether she be a-ground or a-float, they say she heels.
Helm
Is a Piece of Timber, fastened into the Rother Head, and comes as forward as the Bulk Head of the Gun Room, and he that steers the Ship, holds the Whipstaff in his Hand, which is fastened into the Helm, but lately they are left off, and Steering Wheels are made use of.
The Terms of Art belonging to the Helm are,
1 Port the Helm,—
That is, put the Helm over to the left Side of the Ship.
2 Starboard the Helm,—
That is, put it to the Right Side of the Ship.
3 Right the Helm, or Helm a Midship,—
That is, keep it even with the Middle of the Ship.
4 Bear up the Helm,—
That is, let the Ship go more large before the Wind.
5 Bear up round,—
That is, let the Ship go directly before the Wind, in the Middle between her two Sheats.
Helve
A Handle for Axes, Hammers or Mauls.
Hemp
Is brought from Riga, Queenbro', Russia, Petersburgh brock, or Konninsburgh, is received into the Rope Yard, and wrought up into Cordage, Lines or Twine.
Hencoops
Are for keeping Fowls in.
Hinges
Butt
Illustration Are used by the Joyners for hanging Table Leaves, &c.
Casement
Illustration Used for hanging them.
Dovetail
Illustration For light Doors or Lockers.
Ess
Illustration For light Doors or Lockers.
Garnet Cross
Illustration For hanging large Doors or heavy Scuttles.
Ditto Dozen
Illustration For hanging small Scuttles.
Locker joynts
Illustration Are used for small Lockers.
Port
Illustration For hanging Ships Ports.
Riseing
Illustration For Cabbin Doors, &c.
Scuttle
Illustration For Scuttles.
Side
Illustration For Cabbin Doors, &c.
Hitch
Is a Word to catch hold of any Thing with a Hook or Rope, and to hold it fast; thus when a Boat is to be hoisted in, Hitch the Tackles into the Ring Bolts of the Boat; so Hitch the Fish Hook to the Flook of the Anchor when they are about to weigh.
Hoist
Is for hawling up any Thing into the Ship, or getting up a Topmast, Yard, &c.
Hold
Is all that Part of a Ship which lies between the Keelson and lower Deck, wherein are Bulk-heads, and they divided, are the Steward Room, Powder Room, Bread Room, and Boatswain and Carpenter's Store Rooms.
Hold Fasts
Illustration Are made of Iron, used by Joyners, House Carpenters, or Carvers; goes through their Benches to hold fast such Work as cannot be finished by its being held in the Hand.
Hold Off
Is a Term used in weighing the Anchor, when the Voyal is about the Capston; for if the Cables are stiff, or have lain long in Oazy Ground, unless that Part of the Cable heaving in, be hawled away hard by the Capston, the Voyal will surge or slip back, therefore must be hawled away as fast as it comes in, so as that it may keep close about the Whelps; and this Work is called holding off, and may be done by Hand with a small Cable; but in all great Ships, they hold off with Nippers, and in small Craft they bring the Cable to the Jeer Capston, or about a Windlass.
Hood
Illustration Is made of Copper, to go on the Top of the Chimney, (which is placed on the Fore-castle for carrying the Smoke out of the Cook Room) and to shift as the Wind does, that it may always fly out to leeward.
Hooks
When the Edges of Planks are fayd into one another thus, ????? it is said to be Hook and Butt.
Hooks
Boat
Illustration Are for fending or setting off Boats.
Cann
Illustration Are for hoisting Casks out or into the Ship.
Cant
Illustration Are for turning or canting large Masts, having at one End a Ring for a Hand-spike to go through, and at the other a Claw, which penetrates into the Masts when they are made Use of to turn them for Survey, &c.
Fish
Illustration Is to take hold of the Shank of the Anchor when to be hove up to the Bow.
Flesh
Illustration With which the Cook takes the Beef and Pork out of the Furnaces.
Gamming
Illustration Used when Gammoning the Bowsprit.
Kettle
Illustration To hang the Kettles or Pots on over the Fire.
Laying
Illustration Are used by the Rope-makers when laying of Cordage.
Port
Illustration Are drove into the Ship's Sides, on which the Ports hang.
Puttock
Illustration For the Plates to hook upon.
Rave
Illustration Used by the Caulkers for picking the old Ocham out of the Seams of Ships, &c.
Sheer
Illustration Are great Hooks let into, or put on the Main and Fore Yard Arms of Fireships, in order to fasten into an Enemy's Shrouds, Sails or Rigging.
Lieutenant
Is a Commission Officer next to the Captain, who, upon the Death or Absence of the Commander, has the entire Charge and Conduct of the Ship, and stands accountable for the whole Duty as Commander of her; and the youngest is to exercise the Seamen, and to see that the Small Arms are kept in good order.
Lifts
Are Ropes made fast to the Yard Arms, and their Use is either to hoist or top the Yard, that is, to make the Ends of the Yards hang higher or lower, as occasion serves. The Topsail Lifts serve as Sheats to the Top-gallant Yards, as well as Lifts for the Topsail Yards. And they at the Spritsail Yard are standing and running Lifts.
Limber Boards
Are Pieces of Plank fayd from the Foot Waaling to the upper Edge of the Keelson, to prevent the Ballast stopping the free Course of the Buildge-water to the Pumps, which runs through Holes made in the Timbers for that Purpose, and are called Limber Holes.
Limber Irons
Illustration Are to clear the Holes so as that the Water may pass without Interruption to the Well.
Linch Pins
Are made of Iron, and go through the Axle-trees of Carts, Timber Carriages, &c. to keep on their Wheels or Trucks.
Lines
Cabbin
Are for lacing the Officers Bed Places.
Deepsea
Bent to a Lead, in order to sound the Depth of Water.
Logg
Are wound about a Reel, to keep an Account of the Ship's Way through the Sea; this Line for about ten Fathom from the Logg, hath, or ought to have, no Knots or Divisions, because so much should be allowed for the Logg's being clear out of the Eddy of the Ship's Wake, before they turn up the Glass; but then the Knots or Divisions begin, and ought to be at least fifty Feet from one another, though the common Practice at Sea is to have them but seven Fathom.
Sail
Are used by the Sail-makers in their Work.
Sash
Are used for hoisting or lowering Sashes.
Tarr'd
Are used for seizing Ropes and Blocks.
White
Are bent to Hand Leads for sounding the Depth of Water.
Links
Are made use of by the Men when they work at Night, either on docking the Ships, or repairing Wharfs, Jutty Heads, &c.
List
If a Ship heels either to Starboard or Port, they say, she hath a List that Way; and they say so, if it be occasioned only by the shooting of her Ballast, or by the unequal stowing of Things in her Hold; though it is more properly said of a Ship, when she is inclined to heel any way upon the Account of her Mold or Make.
Lockers
Are a Kind of Box or Chest made in the Officers Cabbins to put or stow any Thing in.
Locks
Brass
Are allowed Flag Ships.
Casement Are used by the Master, House Carpenter, Master Joiner, and Carpenters of Ships, for such uses as they are proper for.
Chest
Cupboard
Hanging
Plate
Spring Double
Spring Single
Stock
Logg
Illustration Is a Piece of Wood or Board about seven or eight Inches long, of a triangular Figure, and with as much Lead cast into it at one End, as will serve to make it swim upright in the Water; at the other End of which the Logline is fastened.
Loggerheat
Illustration Is made with a large round Ball of Iron at one End of a Handle, and is to heat Pitch on board a Ship.
> Preventers Are Ropes of different Sizes, cut into short Lengths, and knotted at each End, to be ready in Case a Shroud should be shot or broke, that they may be seized to them. Puddenings Illustration Are seized round the Mast, and tapers to each End from the Middle, where it is swelled pretty large for the Low-yards (when lowered down) to rest on; and the Rings of the Anchors are also puddened, to prevent the Galling of the Cable. Pumps Lead Illustration Some Ships have one fixed, whose Pipe goes down the Knee of the Head, and is there placed for washing the Decks. Hand Illustration Hangs over the Side, and lashed there for washing the Decks, and sometimes are put down into the Well, for freeing the Ship when she makes more Water than the Chain Pumps can throw out. Pump Bolt Goes through the Head, and the Brakeworks on it. Pump Hand Boxes Lower Illustration Are small and short, having a Flap, and a large Staple drove into it, to draw it up on Occasion. Ditto Upper Illustration Are fixed to the Spear. Brake Illustration Is the Handle. Hook Illustration A long Rod of Iron with a Hook at the End, to draw up or put down the lower Box. Stave or Spear Illustration Is a long Rod of Iron with an Eye at the upper End, which Hooks to the Brake, and to the lower End of which the upper Box is fixed. Pumps Chain Are placed in the Well, and works with Chains. Ditto Axletrees Illustration Are fixed in the Center of the Wheels, which are turned round with Winches put on at each End. Pumps Chain Bolsters Illustration A round Piece of Iron with a Hole in the Middle, and are for opening an Ess or Hook when any want shifting. Burrs Illustration Are round thin Pieces of Iron, very little less than the Bore of the Pump, which are placed between every Length of the Chain, and on each of them the Leather is put for bringing up the Water. Chains Illustration No Ship goes to Sea without a Spare one, which is kept ready leathered in case those in the Pumps should be wore out. Dale Illustration Is a round hollow Trunk, which conveys the Water through the Ship's Sides. Esses Illustration Are for repairing the Chains in Case any break or give way. Fidds Illustration Are for opening an Ess or Hook when old ones are to be taken out, or new put into the Chain. Hooks Illustration For repairing the Chains when any are wanting. Rowles Illustration Are put into the lower End of the Pump for the Chain to work on. Sprockets Illustration Are made not unlike a large Horse Shoe, drove into the Wheel, and the Chain works on them. Swivels Illustration Are for repairing the Chains when wanting. Wedges Illustration Are drove in on all sides of the Axle-tree, to keep the Wheels fast on it. Wheels Illustration Are turned out of Elm, in which the Sprockets are drove, and when so fitted, the Chains work round them. Winches Illustration Are the Handles put on each End of the Axle-tree, by which the Men work the Pump. Purchase The same as draw, but when they cannot haul any Thing with the Tackle, they say, The Tackle will not Purchase. Purser Is the Officer charged with all Sorts of Provisions allowed the Ship. Puttock Shrouds Are short Shrouds which go from the Fore, Main, and Mizon Shrouds to the Top, where the Plates are fixed with dead Eyes in them, through which the Lanyards are reeved for setting up the Top-mast Shrouds. Puttock Staves Go a-cross the lower Shrouds, and the Ends of the Puttock Shrouds are hitched round them. Quarter Is the After-part of the Ship without-board Aloft. Quartering Is when a Ship sails upon a Quarter Wind. Quarter Pieces Are two Pieces of carved Work reconciled to each End of the Tafferel, and when regularly suited to the same with a just Disposition of Figures, compleats the beautiful Symetry of the whole Stern and Gallery. Quarter Tackle Pendants Fastened on the Quarters of the Yard, and are used for taking in or hoisting Provisions, &c. out of the Hold, or upon Deck. Rabbet Is letting in a Ship's Plank to her Keel, which in the Run of her are hollowed away, and is called the Rabbet of her Keel. Racks Illustration Stand in the Cook-Room, at each End of the Grates, for the Spits to lye on to roast Victuals. Rafters Are brought from New England and Dantzick, and being Ash, Barge, Pinnace and Wherry Oars, are made out of them. Rails Are generally composed of some regular Members of Architecture, they lye over and under the Banisters and Lights of the Stern and Galleries; are also ranged along the Side under several Denominations, as Sheer Rail, Plansheer Rail, Drift Rail, &c. they are also the principal Ornament in composing the Head of a Ship. Rake > Settle When a Deck of a Ship sinks lower than it was, when first laid; is called Settling. Sew When a Ship at low Water comes to be on the Ground to lie dry, they say, she is Sewed; and if she be not quite left dry, they say, she Sews to such a Part. Shakles Illustration Are those Rings with which the Ports are shut fast, by lashing the Port Bar to them. There are also Shakles put on the Bilbow Bolts for confining the Men that have been guilty of Faults. Shank-painter A short Chain fastened under the Fore Shrouds by a Bolt to the Ship's Side, having at the other End a Rope spliced to the End of the Chain, on which the After-part of the Anchor Rests, when it lies by the Ship's Side. Sheer When a Ship is not steered steadily, then they say she Sheers, or goes Sheering, or when at an Anchor she goes in and out by Means of the swift running of the Tide. Sheers Are two Masts or Yards set a-cross at the upper End of one another, and are used generally for setting or taking out Ships Masts, where there is no Hulk to do that Office. Sheathing Is casing that Part of a Ship which is to be under Water, with Firr Board of an Inch thick, which, by laying Hair and Tar mixed together upon the Inside of the Boards, and then nailing them on, is to prevent the Worm from eating her Bottom. Sheats Are Ropes bent to the Clews of the Sails, serving in the lower Sails to hawl Aft the Clew of the Sail; but in Top-sails they serve to hawl home the Clew of the Sail close to the Yard-Arm. Shifters Certain Men employed by the Cooks to shift or change the Water in which the Flesh or Fish is put and laid for some Time, in order for boiling. Ships Of War are masted with three Masts and a Bow-sprit, and sailed with square Sails. Illustration Advice Boats Now out of Use, but were formerly fitted with two Masts, and square Sails. Belander Illustration Has Rigging and Sails not unlike a Hoy, but is broader and flatter; the covering of the Deck is raised up half a Foot higher than the Gunwale, between which, and the Deck, there is a Passage left free for the Men to walk; are seldom above twenty-four Tun, and can lie nearer the Wind than a Vessel with cross Sails can do. Bomb Vessels Illustration Go sometimes with three Masts and square Sails; sometimes Ketch fashion, with one and a Mizon. Brigantines Illustration Not now used, but were built light for rowing or sailing, and had two Masts and square Sails. Hagboats Illustration Are masted and sailed Ship fashion, but built in Figure after the Manner of Dutch Fly Boats. Hoys Illustration Are fitted with one Mast and a Spreet-sail, and sometimes with Shoulder of Mutton Sails, whose Yards are not a-cross, but stands Fore and Aft like a Mizon, so can lie nearer the Wind. Hulks Illustration They are generally old Ships cut down to the Gun Deck, and fitted with a large Wheel for Men to go in when Careening; and has several Capstons fixed on the Deck for setting Ships Masts. Ketches Illustration Fitted with two Masts, and their Main-sail and Top-sail stands square as Ships do; and their Fore-sail and Jibbs stands as Hoys do. Lighters Illustration Are made use of for laying down or shifting the Moarings; for bringing a-shore or carrying off Ships Cables, Anchors, &c. or taking in Ballast out of Ships that are to be docked, &c. Pinks Illustration Are masted, and sail with three Masts, Ship fashion, but round sterned, with a small Lute or Projection Abaft over the Rother. ke large Uses in Building. Oak Compass Is used by the Shipwrights, and converted for the Compassing Timbers of a Ship. Streight Is used by the Shipwrights for Beams on board a Ship, and for other Services that it is requisite to be used on, and also by the House Carpenter in his Way of building. Timbers Are those which Form the Body of a Ship, as Floor Timbers, Futtocks, &c. Timbers Top Are the upper Timbers in the Frame of a Ship, forming her Sides, &c. Tin Plates; Double and Single Are used for lining the Bread, Cook, and Powder Rooms of Ships, covering the Tops of their Galleries, and for fining Oars, &c. Tight When a Ship lets in but very little Water, she is Tight, which is known by the Smell o£ that pumped out, for if she lets in but little, it will always stink, otherwise not. Tire Cable The Row in the Middle of the Coiled Cable. Toggle A short Piece of Wood made tapering at each End, having a Score cut in the Middle of it, where a Rope is usually fastened, and when put through the Bite of another, there is no Occasion of seizing them together. Top Illustration Is a round Frame of Boards which lie upon the Cross-trees, near the Head of the standing Masts. Top Armours Are cut out of red Kersey, and tabled round with Canvas, hung about the Top for Show, and also cover the Men which are in the Tops in a Fight. Tops Laying Illustration Are used by the Rope-makers; those made with three Scores are for closing three Strand Ropes, and those with four are for Stays, and has a Hole bored in their Center, through which the Heart of the Stay passes. Tools Bolt To make Saucer Head Bolts in. Nail To Head Nails in. Thread Is for making, altering, and repairing Colours in Store, or on board the Ship. Tow Whatever is drawn after a Boat or Ship with a Rope, &c. is said to be Towed. Trail-board Is a carved Board let into, or nailed on the Knee of the Head, just below the Lyon. Transoms Are large Pieces of Timber forming the Buttock, or After-part of the Ship on both Sides; they are transversely situate on the Post, and in the Middle bolted to it; their Ends are fastened to the After-Timbers on each Side respectively, called Fashion Pieces; they are denominated severally according to their Elevations, as Wing Transoms, Deck Transoms, Transoms under the Deck, &c. All which, as Post Transoms, and Fashion Pieces, being framed together, is commonly called the Stern Frame. Traverse A Ship when she makes Angles in and out, and cannot keep directly to her true Course, is called a Traverse. In Navigation, is the Variation of the Ship's Course, upon shifting of Winds, &c. And a Traverse Board, is a little round Board which hangs up, and bored full of Holes upon Lines, shewing the Points of the Compass upon it; by moving a little Peg from Hole to Hole, the Men at the Helm or Steering Wheel keeps an Account how many Glasses (that is, Half Hours) the Ship Steers upon any Point. Treenails Are long Pins of Wood, whence they are called Tree-nails, made out of Oak, to fasten the Planks to the Timbers, and are always Caulked with Ocham to prevent any Leak. Tressle trees Are those Timbers that stand Fore and Aft at the Mast-head, for the Tops to lie on. Tressle A wooden Frame to bear up Tables, Deals, Scaffolds, &c. Triangles Illustration Are made out of large Spars, having their lower Ends ferrilled with a Ring, and a Spud drove into them, which runs into the Ground to steddy them; their upper End has a Bolt that goes through the three Parts, where a Staple is fixed for hanging a Scale Beam, when they are made use of for weighing Stores without Doors, as are received or delivered into the Yard. Trip A Ship goes with her Topsails a Trip she carries them hoisted up to the highest, and when the Wind blows not too hard. Trim Of a Ship, is her best Posture, with respect to her Proportion of Ballast, the standing of her Masts, &c. for Sailing, and the best Way to make her Sail well, and to find her Trim, depends very much on Experience and Judgment. Trise For hauling up any Thing by a single Rope, that do not run in a Block, but is done by Hand or main Strength. Thus if any Cask, Chest, or other Goods hath only a Rope fastened to it, and without a Tackle is pulled up into the Ship by Hand, it is Trised up. Trivets Illustration Are used by the Caulkers for large Kettles to stand on for heating Stuff when Paying Ships. Trough Is the Hollow or Cavity made between any two Waves or Billows in a rowling Sea. Trucks Acorn Illustration Are put on the End or Top of the Vane Spindle at the Mast-head. Flaggstaff Illustration Are put on the Ends of them, and also on the Ensign and Jack Staffs. Parrel Illustration The Rope is reeved through them, and are placed between the Ribs of the Parrel. Seizing Illustration Are made fast to the Shrouds for the Running Rigging to go through. Truss Is a Tackle fastened to the Parrel at the Yard, which binds it fast when the Ship rowls, lying either a-hull or at an Anchor, and the Fore, Main, and Mizon Yards have them. Try A Ship is said to Try, when she hath no more Sails abroad but her Main Course, when her Tacks are close aboard, the Bowlings set up, and the

Transcriber's Note

Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. All other hyphenation, spelling and punctuation remains unchanged, except where noted below.

The errata have been implemented.

Words are often conjoined in the original, apparently to save space. This has been corrected.

While every effort has been made to retain the format of the original, some reorganisation has been necessary, particularly in the entry for Sparrs. Where the original has relied on layout alone to avoid repetition in the entries for Hinges and Nails, the intended phrases have been repeated in full.

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