FOOTNOTES.

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[1] Plutarch conjugalia prÆcepta init.

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[2] The word clan is the familiar, well-known Celtic word for children.

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[3] “Nulli alii sunt homines qui talem in liberos habeant potestatem qualem nos habemus.” Institut. i. 9, 2.

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[4] Thucyd. ii. 15. The Athenians went further, and attributed to the son of Ægeus the creation of their democracy (Pausan., Att. iii.); but this, of course, was only the popular instinct, everywhere active, which loves to heap all graces upon the head of a favourite hero.

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[5] See the words of the Latin league, Dionys. Hal. vi. 95, contrasting strongly with the original collection of autonomous villages described by Strabo, v. 229, ?at? ??a? a?t???e?s?a?.

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[6] The influence of the great city in centralising the villages and making a state possible was in Greece philologically stereotyped by the fact that for city and state the language had only one word, p????. The city was the state in the same sense that the head is the body, for without the head no living body could be.

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[7] ? st?at??t???? ??? p???? ??e? ??? t?? ??et??.—Aristot. Pol. ii. 9. St. Paul also frequently in the Epistles, and Clemens Romanus (Oxon. 1633, p. 48) refers to the military profession as a great school of manly virtue.

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[8] Spalding’s Italy, ii. p. 284.

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[9] On Method in Political Science.

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[10] Sismondi, Etudes sur l’economie politique, Essai iv.

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[11] With which sentence Mr. Freeman agrees. Comparative Politics, Lecture iii. p. 78.

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[12] This parallel has been noticed by the thoughtful Germans; see particularly Zacharia Sulla, i. 40.

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[13] t???? ??? ????? ???? ???? p??ta ?? ?e?? t?? t? ???sta ?a? ?????sta s??ta???t?? ?s??ta? ?t? e?s?: t? d? f???? ???? ? ?????p?? ?e??? ?e?ape???s?.—Xen. Mem. i. 4.

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[14] Iliad, iii. 271; and compare Virgil, Æneid, iii. 80.

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[15] Xen., Rep. Lac., i. 15; Herod, vi. 56.

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[16] Pollux, viii. 90.

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[17] Xen., Mem. i. 3.

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[18] From the d?da?? t?? ?p?st????, or Early Teaching of the Apostles, lately discovered, ch. viii., we learn that it was the custom of the early Christians to observe two days of fasting in the week—Wednesday and Friday.—Edit. Oxford Parker, 1885.

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[19] In the d?da?? t?? ?p?st???? there is absolutely no dogma. It is all practice, and this is quite in harmony with the use of d?da?? by Paul (I Tim. i. 10), and indeed with the whole tone of these two admirable epistles.

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[20] In the d?da?? t?? ?p?st????, c. xiii., the “prophets” are said to be to Christians what the “high priests” were to the Jews,—a phraseology which could not possibly have been used had any priesthood, in the Hebrew sense, existed in the early Church.

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