  270. The MEDICINAL LEECH (Hirudo medicinalis), is a worm-shaped animal of olive-black colour, with six yellowish lines on the upper part of the body, and spotted with yellow beneath. When fully extended, the leech is generally two or three inches in length. It is found in stagnant and muddy waters. The use of leeches in medicine is to diminish the accumulation of blood in any particular part of the body. This they do by fixing themselves to the spot, forming a hole with three sharp teeth which are situated triangularly in their mouth, and sucking the blood through the wound. When they have drawn sufficient, they are easily loosened by putting upon them a small quantity of salt, pepper, or vinegar. Leeches are caught in various ways, but one of the best is to throw bundles of weeds into the water which It is said that if leeches be kept in glass vessels they will indicate a change of weather, by becoming at such times peculiarly restless and active. 271. The OFFICINAL CUTTLE-FISH (Sepia officinalis), is a marine animal, with somewhat oval body nearly surrounded by a margin, eight short and pointed arms, and two tentacula four times as long as the arms, all furnished with numerous small cup-shaped suckers. These animals are found in considerable numbers in the European seas. By the ancients, cuttle-fish were in great esteem as a delicacy for the table; and, even at the present day, they are frequently eaten by the Italians, and by the inhabitants of other countries on the shores of the Mediterranean. There is, in the middle of their body, an oval bone, thick in the middle, and thin and sharp at the edges, light, spongy, and of whitish colour. These bones were formerly employed in medicine, and are still kept in the druggists' shops. When dried and pulverized, they are used by silversmiths as moulds, in which they cast spoons, rings, and other small work. When burnt or calcined, they are useful for the cleaning and polishing of silver and other hard substances, and sometimes for correcting the acidity of wines. The body of the cuttle-fish is furnished with a vessel that contains a considerable quantity of dark-coloured or inky fluid, which the animal emits into the water, to conceal its retreat when alarmed by the approach of its enemies. And it is generally supposed that the article called Indian ink is this black fluid, in an inspissated or 272. The PEARL-BEARING MYA (Mya margaritifera) is a testaceous animal, having an oblong double or bivalve shell of somewhat oval shape, but narrower towards the middle than at the ends, and covered externally with a dark-coloured rough epidermis or skin, except on the protuberant parts near the hinge: one of the shells at the hinge has a single tooth or prominent part, which fits into a forked one in the other. The general depth of the shells is two inches, and breadth about five inches. Pearl-bearing myas are found in fresh-water rivers in many parts of Britain, and in those of most other countries within the arctic circle. The river Tay in Scotland, and the Conwy in Wales, are particularly noted for them. In the river Tay some of these shells are found to contain good pearls; but fine ones are very scarce, and the greater part are of little or no value. They are of various shapes, round, oval, or elongated, and cylindrical, hemispherical, and resembling buttons. Several of the oblong ones have a contraction towards the middle, which gives them the appearance of two pearls joined together. Pearls are a calculus, or morbid concretion, formed in consequence of some external injury which the shell receives, particularly from the operations of certain minute worms which occasionally bore even quite through to the animal. The pearls are formed in the inside on these places. Hence it is easy to ascertain, by the inspection of the outside only, whether a shell is likely to contain pearls. If it be quite smooth, without cavity, perforation, or callosity, it may with certainty be pronounced to contain none. If, on the contrary, the shell be pierced or indented by worms, there will always be found either pearls or the embryos of pearls. It is possible, by artificial perforations of the shells, to cause the formation of these substances. The process which has been chiefly recommended is to drill As to the value of British pearls, some have been found of size so large as to be sold for 20l. each and upwards; and 80l. was once offered and refused for one of them. It is reported in Wales, that a pearl, from the river Conwy, which was presented to the queen of Charles the Second, was afterwards placed in the regal crown. 273. The ORIENTAL PEARL MUSCLE (Mytilus margaritiferus) to which we are indebted for nearly all the pearls of commerce, has a flattened and somewhat circular shell, about eight inches in diameter; the part near the hinge bent, or transverse, and imbricated (or covered like slates on a house) with several coats which are toothed at the edges. Some of the shells are externally of sea-green colour, others are chesnut, or reddish with white stripes or marks; and others whitish with green marks. These shells are found both in the American and Indian seas. The principal pearl fisheries are off the coasts of Hindostan and Ceylon. The fishing usually commences about the month of March, and occupies many boats and a great number of hands. Each boat has generally twenty-one men, of whom one is the captain, who acts as pilot; ten row and assist the divers, and the remainder are divers. The latter go down into the sea alternately by five at a time. To accelerate their descent they have a perforated stone of eighteen or twenty pounds weight, fastened by a cord to their great toe, or to some other part of their body. The depth of water through which they pass is from four to ten fathoms; and they collect the muscles into a bag of net-work which they hang about their necks. When desirous of ascending, they pull a rope as a signal to their companions in the boat to draw them up. They When the muscles are taken out of the boats, they are placed in heaps on the shore, where they continue about ten days, till the animals become quite putrid. They are then opened and searched for the pearls. One muscle sometimes contains many pearls, a hundred and upwards, large and small; and sometimes a hundred muscles have been opened without yielding a single pearl large enough to be of any value. The pearls are sorted according to their size, by being passed through large brass sieves, or through saucers with round holes in the bottom. After having been sorted, they are drilled; and then washed in salt water to prevent any stains which might be left by the drilling. The arranging of them on strings is considered the most difficult task of a pearl merchant, in consequence of the correctness of judgment which is requisite in classing them according to their value. The value of pearls is estimated by their size, roundness, colour and brightness. A handsome necklace of pearls, smaller than large peas, is worth from 170l. to 300l. whilst one of pearls not larger than pepper-corns may not be worth more than 20l. The King of Persia has a pear-shaped pearl so large and pure as to have been valued at 110,000l. sterling. The largest round pearl that has been known belonged to the Great Mogul, and was about two-thirds of an inch in diameter. Pearls from the fishery of Ceylon are considered more valuable in England than those from any other part of the world. The smaller kinds are called seed or dust pearls, and are of comparatively small value, being sold by the ounce to be converted into powder. Nacre or mother-of-pearl is the inner part of the shell of the pearl muscle. This is of a brilliant and The pearl muscles are not considered good as food; though, after having been dried in the sun, they are sometimes eaten by the lower classes of people in the countries near which they are found. 274. The COMMON or EDIBLE MUSCLE (Mytilus edulis, Fig. 79) is a testaceous animal, with a smooth double or bivalve shell of oblong oval form, pointed, and slightly keel-shaped at the beak, flatted and somewhat curved on one side. The colour is generally blackish, and the length about three inches. This species of muscle is found adhering to sub-marine rocks by certain silky threads, which it forms from its own body; and it is common both in the Indian and European seas. In many parts of Europe muscles are nearly as much in request for the table as oysters; and at Rochelle, and some other places, modes are adopted of increasing their excellence, by placing them, after they are taken from the sea, in pools or ditches where the sea-water is stagnant, and introduced only at particular periods as it is wanted. Muscles are caught nearly through the whole year, though they are considered best in the autumn. To some constitutions they are an unwholesome food, producing inflammation, eruptions on the skin, and an intolerable itching over the whole body; the best remedies for which are said to be a liberal use of oil, emetics, or milk. 275. The OYSTER (Ostrea edulis, Fig. 77) is a testaceous animal, too well known to need any description. It is found affixed to rocks, or in large beds, both in the European and Indian seas. The use of oysters as food has rendered them celebrated in all ages. The ancient Roman writers speak of them as in great request by that luxurious people. Pliny relates that in his time they were considered so exquisite as, when in perfection, to have been sold for enormous prices; and that Apicius, the notorious epicure or glutton, invented a peculiar method of preserving and fattening them. Of all the European oysters, the largest are those that are caught off the coast of Normandy, and with which Paris is principally supplied. But the best are of middle or somewhat small size, and are caught in the waters of Malden and Colne in Essex, or near the mouth of the Thames. They are dredged up by a net (with an iron scraper at the mouth) which is dragged by a rope from a boat over the beds; and then stored in large pits formed for the purpose, and furnished with sluices through which, at spring tides, the salt water is suffered to flow. In these pits they acquire their full quality, and become fit for the table in six or eight weeks. The most delicious oysters are considered to be those which are fattened in the salt-water creeks near Milton in Kent, and Colchester in Essex. Oysters are out of season during the summer-time, the period at which they deposit their spawn, and which commences in the month of April. Each spawn has the appearance of a drop of candle-grease, and adheres to rocks, stones, or other substances on which it happens to be deposited. In some oyster-beds, old shells, pieces of wood, &c. under the denomination of cultch, are purposely thrown in to receive the spawn. From these, in the month of May, the oyster-fishers are allowed to separate the spawn for the purpose of transferring it to other beds; but they are required, under certain penalties, to throw the cultch in again, that the beds may be preserved for the future; unless the Oysters are considered to be first fit for the table when about a year and half old; and they are among the few animals which in Europe are not merely eaten raw, but even in a living state. Oysters are also eaten cooked in various ways, as sauce to different kinds of fish, and pickled. The shells, like those of other testaceous animals, consist of calcareous earth in combination with animal glue; and, by calcination, they yield a pure kind of quick-lime. In this state they are not only useful as lime, but are also frequently employed by stationers and attorneys as pounce for rubbing upon parchment previously to its being written upon. 276. The GREAT SCALLOP (Pecten maximus, Fig. 78) is a testaceous animal with a double shell, flat on one side, and convex on the other, with about fourteen rounded ribs, which are longitudinally grooved, and a projection or ear on each side of the hinge. The shells, when full grown, are about five inches long, and six inches broad. By some persons scallops are thought better eating than oysters; and the ancients held them in great esteem. In several parts of France they have the name of "Coquilles de Saint Jacques," from the Catholics who annually visit the shrine of St. James of Compostella, in Spain, placing the shells in their hats as a testimony of this pilgrimage. These shells are also worn by pilgrims to the Holy Land. 277. The COCKLE (Cardium edule, Fig. 80) is a small and well-known testaceous animal with a double convex shell, somewhat deeper on one side than the other; and marked by twenty-eight depressed ribs, which are streaked or slightly furrowed across. Cockles are perhaps more generally eaten in England than in any other country of the world: and they 278. The GREAT PINNA, or SEA WING (Pinna nobilis) is a testaceous animal with a double or bivalve shell, of nearly triangular shape, open at the broader end, longitudinally striated, the scales channelled and tubular, and somewhat imbricated. Its length is sometimes more than fourteen inches, and its greatest breadth six or seven inches. These animals are found in great abundance in the Mediterranean; and in the sea near some parts of the coast of America. From the most remote periods of antiquity the byssus, as it has been denominated, or silky threads by which these animals affix their shells to rocks or stones at the bottom of the sea, has been spun and woven into different articles of dress. For this purpose the shells are dragged up by a kind of iron rake with many teeth, each about seven inches long, and three inches asunder; and attached to a handle proportionate to the depth of water in which the shells are found. When the byssus is separated, it is well washed, to cleanse it from impurities. It is then dried in the shade, and straightened with a large comb; the hard part from which it springs is cut off, and the remainder is properly carded. By these different processes it is said that a pound of byssus, as taken from the sea, is reduced to about three ounces. This substance, in its natural colour, which is a brilliant golden brown, is manufactured in Sicily and Calabria (with the aid of a little silk to strengthen it) into stockings, gloves, caps, 279. The EDIBLE SNAIL (Helix pomatia), is a shell animal distinguished by its large size, nearly globular shape; being of brownish white colour with usually three reddish horizontal bands, somewhat striated longitudinally; and having a large and rounded aperture with thickened and reflected margin. It is sometimes more than two inches in diameter; and is found in woods and hedges in several parts of Europe, and occurs in those of some of the southern counties of England. By the Romans, towards the close of the republic, when the luxury of the table was carried to the greatest height of absurdity and extravagance, this species of snails were fattened as food, in a kind of stews constructed for the purpose, and were sometimes purchased at enormous prices. The places for feeding them were usually formed under rocks or eminences; and, if these were not otherwise sufficiently moist, water was conveyed into them through pipes bored full of holes like those of a watering pot. They were fattened with bran and the sodden lees of wine. In France, Germany, and other countries of the Continent, these snails are at this day in great request for the table: and are chiefly in season during winter and the early months of the year. They are boiled in their shells, and then taken out, washed, seasoned, and otherwise cooked according to particular palates. Sometimes they are fried in butter, and sometimes stuffed with force-meat; but, in what manner soever they are dressed, their sliminess always in a great measure remains. They are generally kept in holes dug in the ground, and are fed on refuse vegetables from the gardens. These snails are frequently used by females in France, as a cosmetic, to preserve the skin of the face soft and delicate. 280. CORAL (Corallium nobilis) is a hard, stony, branched, and cylindrical substance which is formed, at the bottom of the sea, by certain minute animals called polypes, that issue from the branches, and are white, soft, semi-transparent, and each furnished with eight tentacula or feelers. The general appearance of coral is that of a shrub destitute of leaves; and its height is usually from three to four feet. It is found in great abundance in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. To the inhabitants of Marseilles, Catalonia, and Corsica, the coral fishery is a very important pursuit; and the principal parts of the Mediterranean from which coral is obtained are the coasts of Tunis and Sardinia, and the mouth of the Adriatic Sea. The British government has, within the last few years, concluded a treaty with the Barbary powers, for liberty to fish for coral in their waters. The coral thus obtained is conveyed chiefly to Malta and Sicily, is there wrought into beads and other ornamental forms; and thence is imported into this country. Previously to this arrangement the principal import of coral was from Leghorn. The mode of obtaining coral is by a very simple machine, consisting of two strong bars of wood or iron tied across each other, with a weight suspended from their centre of union. Each of the arms is loosely surrounded, through its whole length, with twisted hemp; and, at the extremity, there is a small open purse or net. This machine is suspended by a rope, and dragged along those rocks where the coral is most abundant; and such as is broken off either becomes entangled in the hemp, or falls into the nets. Coral is bought by weight: and its value increases in a certain ratio according to its size. Beads of large size are worth about forty shillings an ounce, whilst small ones do not sell for more than four shillings. Large pieces of coral are sometimes cut into balls, and exported to China, to be worn in the caps of certain persons, as an insignia of office. These, if perfectly sound and of good colour, and upwards of an inch in The Chinese have, within the last three or four years, succeeded in cutting coral beads of much smaller dimension than has hitherto been effected by any European artist. These, which are not larger than small pins' heads, are called seed coral, and are now imported from China into this country in very considerable quantity for necklaces. Nearly the whole of the coral that is used is of red colour; white coral being considered of little value either as an article of commerce or decoration. There are modes of imitating coral so exactly, that, without a close inspection, it is sometimes impossible to discover the difference betwixt the real and the counterfeit article. 281. SPONGE (Spongia officinalis) is an animal substance of soft, light, porous, and elastic nature, which is found adhering to rocks at the bottom of the sea in several parts of the Mediterranean, and particularly near the islands of the Grecian Archipelago. The general uses of sponge, arising from its ready absorption of fluids, and distension by moisture, are well known, and of great importance. It is collected from rocks, in water five or six fathoms deep, chiefly by divers, who, after much practice, become extremely expert in obtaining it. When first taken from the sea, it has a strong and fishy smell, of which it is divested by being washed in clear water. No other preparation than this is requisite previously to its being packed up for exportation and sale. The growth of sponge is so rapid that it is frequently found in perfection on rocks Sponge is sometimes used by surgeons for the dilating of wounds; and, as it adheres strongly to the mouths of wounded vessels, it is occasionally applied as a styptic to prevent their bleeding. Sponge burnt in a close earthen or iron vessel, and then reduced to powder, is sometimes used as a medicine. INDEXTO THE THIRD VOLUME. A. Albicore. See Thunny. Alligator, description of, and use of flesh, eggs, teeth, &c., 183 Ambergris, what it is, whence obtained, and uses, 121 Anchovy, description of, how caught, cured, and uses of, 221 Animals, classification of, 1 Antelope, description of, and uses of flesh, skin, and horns, 82 Apes. See Monkeys. Arctic walrus, description of, and uses of tusks, oil, skin, and tendons, 21 Armadillo, description of, how caught, and uses of, 15 Ass, uses of, and of milk, flesh, skin, and bones, 106 Asses-skin pocket-books, of what made, 107 B. Baboons. See Apes. Bacon, how cured, 110 Badger, description and habits of, and how caught, 54, 55 ——, uses of flesh, skin, hair, and fat, 54 Basse, description and use of, 204 Bats, description and uses of, 13 —— Vampire bat, use of its hair, 14 Bear, common, description of, and how caught, 51, 52 —— ——, uses of skin, flesh, fat, oil, intestines, and bones, 52 Bear, white or polar, description of, and uses of skin, flesh, fat, and tendons, 52 Beaver, description of, and uses of skin, hair, castor, flesh, and teeth, 59 Beef, 94 Bees, description, uses, and management of, 237 Bees'-wax, what it is, how prepared, and uses of, 237 Bison, American, description of and uses of, flesh, tongue, tallow, horns, skin, and hair, 99 Bittern, description of, and uses of flesh and claws, 164 Blackbird, 135 Black game, 155 Bleak, description and uses of, 224 Blistering plasters, of what made, 230 Bloodhound, description and uses of, 29 Blood, uses of, 96 Boa, great, 185 Bonito, description and use of, 206 Botargue, or botargo, of what and how made, 204, 206 Brawn, what it is, and how prepared, 110 Brill, description and use of, 199 Bristles of swine, uses of, 111 Buck-skin, what it is, and uses of, 80 Buffalo, description of, and uses of milk, flesh, skin, and horns, 100 ——, Cape, description of, and uses of flesh and hide, 100 Buff leather, what it is, 100 Bulfinch, 135 Bull-dog, description and use of, 30 Burbot, description of, how caught, and use of, 197 Bustard, description and uses of, and particulars respecting, 161 Butter, how made, uses of, and impositions respecting, 94 Buttermilk, uses of, 94 C. Cachalot, blunt-headed, description and uses of, 119 Callo, what it is, 204 Calve's skins, uses of, 95 Camblets, what they are, 86 Camel, Arabian, description and uses of, 65 ——, uses of milk, flesh, tongue, and heels, 68 ——, Bactrian, or two-bunched, description and uses of, 68 Canary-bird, description of, whence obtained, &c., 137 Cantharides, what they are, how collected and prepared, and uses of, 230 Capelan, description of, how caught, cured, and uses of, 193 Carp, description of, how bred and kept, and uses of, 221 Cat, wild, description, habits, &c. of, 36 ——, domestic, uses of, and of skin, flesh, and intestines, 37 Cat-gut, what it is, and uses of, 38, 88 Cattle, uses of, and of milk, flesh, &c., 91 ——, Devonshire, and Holderness or Dutch, 96 ——, Lancashire or long-horned, Alderney, and Highland or Kyloe, 97 Caviar, what it is, and how made, 205, 206 Chagreen, of what made, uses of, and how imitated, 227 Chamois, description of, and how hunted, 81 ——, uses of flesh, skin, horns, and blood, 82 Charr, description, preparation, and uses of, 212 Cheese, Stilton, how made, 92 ——, Cheshire, Wiltshire, and Gloucestershire, 92 Cheese, Chedder, Cottenham, Bath, York, Lincolnshire, Dunlop, Parmesan, Gouda, Gruyere, Dutch, and green Swiss, 93 Chinchilla, description of, and uses of fur, 60 Civet, description of, how obtained, and uses of, 41 Coal-fish, description of, how caught, and use of, 194 Cochineal, description of, how obtained, value, and uses of, 233 Cod, common, description of, fishery, and modes of curing, 189 ——, use of air-bladder or sounds, tongue, liver, roes, &c. 190 Conger, description and uses of, 187 Coral, description of, how obtained, value, and uses of, 253 ——, white, red, and seed, 254 Cordovan leather, what it is, and uses of, 65 Corn-crake, description of, and particulars respecting, 170 Corvorants, 177 Crab, common, how caught, and uses of, 239 ——, land, description and uses of, 240 Craw-fish, sea, description and use of, 241 ——, common or fresh-water, description of, how caught, and use of, 242 Cream, uses of, 94 Crocodile, description of, and uses of flesh, eggs, teeth, &c., 183 Cuckoo, bee, description and uses of, 132 Curlew, description and use of, 165 Cuttle-fish, description and uses of, 254 Cygnets, what they are, and use of, 172 D. Dab, description and use of, 199 Doe-skin, what it is, and uses of, 80 Dog-fish, description of, and use of skin, &c., 226 Dog, description and uses of, 23 ——, uses of skin, hair, and flesh, 24 ——, Siberian, description and uses of, 25 ——, Newfoundland dog, shepherd's dog, 26 ——, Water dog, spaniel, 27 ——, Setter, pointer, hound, 28 ——, Bloodhound, greyhound, 29 ——, Mastiff, bull-dog, 30 ——, Terrier, lurcher, turnspit, 31 Dolphin, common or true, description and habits of, 122 —— ——, uses of flesh, tongue, and fat, 122 DorÉe, description and use, &c. of, 197 Dotterel, description and uses of, and particulars respecting, 169 Dromedary, description and uses of, 65 Duck, wild, description of, how caught, and use of, 174 ——, tame, 175 ——, eider, description of, and uses of down, flesh, eggs, and skin, 175 E. Eagle, cinereous, description of, and uses of flesh, skin, beak, and claws, 125 Eel, Roman, description and use of, and particulars respecting, 185 ——, common, description of, how caught, and use of, 186 ——, conger, 186 Eggs, uses, &c. of, 153 Eider down, how obtained and prepared, and use of, 176 Elephant, description and uses of, for draft and burthen, &c., 17, 18 ——, how caught and tamed, 18 ——, uses of tusks, flesh, blood, and proboscis, 20 Elk, description and use of, and of flesh, tongue, skin, and hair, 72 Ermine, description, habits, &c. of, 47, 48 ——, uses and value of skin, 47, 48 F. Falcon, secretary, description and uses of, 126 ——, gentil, 126 Falconry, account of the sport of, 126 Fallow deer, description and uses of, 79 Feathers, how prepared and uses of, 154, 173 Ferret, description and uses of, 46 Fieldfare, 134 Fin-fish, description and uses of, 118 Flounder, description of, how caught, and use of, 200 Fox, common, description of, and uses of skin, and flesh, 32 ——, arctic, description of, and uses of skin, tendons, and flesh, 33 ——, white, 33 Frog, edible, description of, how obtained, kept, and use of, 182 ——, bull, 183 G. Gallina, description and use of, and particulars respecting, 154 Galloways, 103 Gannet, 178 Gar-fish, or gore-fish, description and uses of, 215 Garum, pickle so called, of what made, 205 Genet, description and uses of, 42 Ghee, what it is, and how made, 100 Gilse, description and uses of, 209 Glama, description and uses of, 69 Glue, of what and how made, 59 Glutton, description of, and uses of skin and flesh, 53 Gluts, 186 Goat, common, uses of milk, flesh, skin, hair, horns, and fat, 83 ——, Angora, description and uses of, 86 Goldfinch, 137 Gold-beater's skin, what it is, and use of, 96 Goose, wild, description and use of, 172 ——, tame, use of quills, feathers, &c., 172 Grayling, description of, how caught and use of, 213 Greyhound, uses of, 30 Grigs, 186 Grous, red, particulars respecting, 155 ——, black, how caught and uses of, 155 ——, wood, description and uses of, 157 Grugru, description and use of, 230 Guana, description of, how caught, and uses of flesh and eggs, 184 Gudgeon, 223 Guinea-fowls, description, &c. of, 154 Gurnards, 208 H. Haddock, description of, how caught, and use of, 191 Hair, human, uses of, and how prepared, 11 Hams, how cured, 110 Hare, common description and uses of, 61 ——, Alpine, 63 Hartshorn, from what prepared, and uses of, 78 ——, shavings and jelly, 78 Hedge-hog, description and habits of, 56 ——, flesh and skin, uses of, 57 Heron, common, description and use of, 163 Herring, description of, and account of fishery, 216 ——, how cured, and uses of, 218 Hippopotamus, description of, and uses of tusks, hide, flesh, feet, and tongue, 108 Hog, uses of flesh, fat, blood, feet, tongue, skin, bristles, &c., 109 Holibut, description of, and uses of flesh, skin, liver, &c., 198 Honey, description and uses of, 238 Hooper, description of, and uses of flesh, eggs, skin, &c., 171 Horn, how prepared, and uses of, 95 Horses, uses of, 101 ——, race, hunter, hackney, 102 ——, dray, draught, Scots, Irish, French, Dutch, Flemish, German, Hungarian, 103 ——, Danish, Spanish, Italian, 104 ——, uses of flesh, milk, and skin, 104, 105 Horse-hair, uses of, 105 Hound, description and uses of, 38 House-lamb, 89 I. Ichneumon, description and use of, 39 Indian ink, of what made, 244 Isinglass, of what and how made, 225 Ivory, what it is, importation, value, and uses of, 20 K. Kid skins, uses of, 84 L. Lac, description of, how obtained, and uses of, 232 ——, stick, seed, and shell, 232 Lamprey, description and use of, 228 ——, lesser, 229 Land-rail, description, &c. of, 170 Lap-wing, description and use of, 169 Lard, what it is, how prepared, and use of, 110 Leech, medicinal, description of, how caught, and use of, 243 Leopard, description and use of, 35 ——, hunting, description and use of, 35 Ling, description and fishery of, 196 ——, uses of flesh, liver, air-bladder, and tongue, 196 Linnet, grey, 138 Lion, description of, and uses of skin, flesh, and fat, 33 Llama, description and uses of, 68 ——, uses of skin, hair, and flesh, 69 Lobster, how caught, how chosen, &c., 240 ——, spiny, 241 Locust, description of, and particulars respecting, 231 Lurcher, description and use of, 31 Lynx, description of, and use of skin, 38 M. Mackrel, description of, how caught, and use of, 205 Maids, 228 Manis, long and short-tailed, description and use of, 14 Martin, description and uses of, 43 Mastiff, description and use of, 30 Mead, of what made, 238 Milk, of goat, uses of, 83 ——, of sheep, 87 ——, of cow, 92 Mole, uses of skins and flesh, habits of, and how caught, 55 Monkeys, description of, and uses of, for food, 12 Moose deer. See Elk. Moroc, description and uses of, 132 Morocco leather, of what and how made, and how imitated, 84 Morse, great. See Article Walrus. Mother of pearl, what it is, and uses of, 247 Mule, description and uses of, 107 Mullet, white, description of, how caught, and uses of, 216 Muscle, oriental pearl, description and uses of, 246 ——, common or edible, 248 Musk, description of, how procured and imported, and uses of, 71 Mutton, 87 Mya, pearl-bearing, 245 N. Nacre, what it is, and uses of, 247 Narwal, description of, and uses of oil, flesh, intestines, tendons, and horns, 112 Neat's-foot oil, what it is, and use of, 96 Nightingale, particulars respecting, 141 O. Opossum, Virginian, description and uses of, 55 Ortolan, description and use of, 136 Ostrich, description of, and uses of feathers, fat, flesh, eggs, and skins, 161 Otter, common, description and uses of, 48 ——, trained to catch fish, 49 ——, sea, description of, and uses and value of skin, 50 Ounce, description and use of, 35 Owls, use of, 127 Ox. See Cattle. ——, musk, description of, and uses of flesh, wool, hair, and skin, 98 ——, grunting, description and use of, 98 Oysters, how caught, and uses, &c. of, 249 P. Palm-tree grub, description and use of, 230 Panther, description and use of, 35 Paradise, bird of, description and use of, 131 Parchment, of what made, 87 Partridge, particulars and use of, 158 Peacock, description and uses of, 150 Pearls, how obtained and prepared, use and value of, 246, 247 ——, how formed by artificial perforations, 245 ——, artificial, how made, 224 Pee-wit, description and use of, 169 Pelecan, white, 178 Penguins, description and use of, 177 Perch, description of, how caught, and use of, 203 Pheasant, common, particulars and use of, 151 ——, argus, description and use of, 152 Pigeon, wild, 143 ——, domestic, 146 ——, carrier and crowned, 147 ——, passenger, 148 Pike or Jack, description of, how caught, and use of, 214 ——, sea, 215 Pilchard, description, fishery, and use of, 219 Piltocks, description of, how caught, and use of, 154 Pintado, particulars respecting the, 154 Plaise, description and use of, 198 Plovers, 170 Pointer, description and use of, 28 Pollack, description of, how caught, and use of, 195 Porcupine, common, description and habits of, 57 ——, uses of, quills and flesh, 57 Pork, what it is, value of, and how cured, 109 Porpesse, description of, and uses of oil, flesh, fat, entrails, and skin, 123 Poultry, domestic, particulars respecting, 153 Prawns, description of, how caught, and use of, 242, 243 Ptarmigan, description and uses of, 156 Puffin, description and use of, 176 Q. Quail, description and use of, and particulars respecting, 159 Quills, how obtained and prepared, and uses of, 173 R. Rabbit, wild, description and uses of, 63 ——, modes of catching, 64 ——, warrens, 63 ——, tame, 65 Raccoon, description of, and uses of fur, skin, and flesh, 53, 54 Rattle-snake, 184 Raven, description of, and uses of flesh, skin, beak, claws, and quills, 128 Red-game, 155 Redbreast, 143 Red deer. See Stag. Reeve. See Ruff. Rein deer, description, uses, and value of, 74 ——, uses of milk, flesh, blood, fat, skin, horns, bones, tendons, &c. 76 ——, how hunted, 77 Rinoceros, description of, and uses of skin, flesh, horns, blood, hoofs, and teeth, 16 Ringdove, 147 River-horse. See Hippopotamus. Roe, or Roe-buck, description and use of, 80 Rook, description and use of, 129 Ruff and Reeve, particulars respecting, and use of, 167 S. Sable, description of, and how hunted, 43, 44 ——, uses and value of fur, and modes of imitating, 43, 44 Sagri, or Shagreen, of what made, 107 Salmon, common, description, fishery, and uses of, 208 Sand-eel, or sand-launce, description of, and how caught, 187 Sea-unicorn. See Narwal. Sea-lion. See Seal, leonine. Seal, common, description of, and how killed, 22 —— ——, uses of flesh, skin, fat, tendons, bones, fur, &c. 22 ——, leonine, description and uses of, 22 Serpents, 184 Setter, description and uses of, 28 Sewen, 210 Shad, description of, and particulars respecting, 219 Shagreen, of what made, and how manufactured, 107 Shammoy leather, what it is, and uses of, 82 Sharks, description and uses of, 226 Sheep, common, uses of wool, skin, flesh, fat, milk, intestines, and bones, 86 ——, Leicester, Lincolnshire, Southdown, and Ryeland or Hereford, account of, 88 ——, Cheviot, Shetland, Dorsetshire, Heath, 89 ——, Merino, broad-tailed, 90 ——, Tartarian, or fat-rumped, 91 Shelties, 103 Shrimps and prawns, how caught, and uses of, 241 Shrike, great or cinereous, description and uses of, 128 Silk, value, uses, and other particulars of, 235 ——, Tusseh, and Arrindy, 237 Silkworms, description of, how bred, &c., 235 Skate, description and use of, 227 Skunk, description and habits of, 40 ——, flesh and skins, uses of, 40 Skylark, how caught, &c., 140 Smelt, description and use of, 213 Snail, edible, description of, how kept, use of, &c., 252 Snigs, 186 Snipe, common, description, particulars, and use of, 167 Sole, description of, how caught, and use of, 200 Song thrush, 134 Spaniel, description and uses of, 27 Spanish fly, description and use of, 230 Sparling, description and use of, 213 Sparrow, common, use of, 139 Spermaceti, what it is, how obtained, and use of, 118 Sponge, description of, how obtained, and use of, 254 Sprat, description and use of, 220 Squirrel, grey, description and use of, 60 ——, black, 61 Stag, description and uses of, 77 Stock dove, 145 Stork, common or white, description and use of, 162 Sturgeon, common, description, and fishery of, 225 ——, uses of flesh, roes, bones, and skin, 225 Suet, 87 Surmullet, red and striped, description, particulars, and use of, 207 Swallows in general, 144 Swallow, esculent, use, &c. of its nest, 144 Swan, wild, description of, and uses of flesh, eggs, and skin, 171 ——, tame, 172 Swift, 144 Sword-fish, description of, how killed, and use of, 188 T. Tallow, what it is, how prepared, and use of, 96 Teal, 175 Tench, description and uses of, 223 Terrier, description and use of, 31 Thornback, 228 Throstle, 134 Thunny, description, fishery, value, and use of, 205 Tiger, description of, and uses of skin and flesh, 34 Torsk, description of, how caught, and use of, 192 Tortoise, Greek, description of, and uses of blood, eggs, &c., 179 ——, round, 180 —— shell, what it is, how prepared, use, and value of, 180 Toucan, red-bellied, description and uses of, 121 Train-oil, what it is, and uses of, 114 Trout, salmon or sea, description and use of, 210 ——, fresh-water, description of, how caught, use of, &c., 211 Turbot, description of, fishery, &c., 201 Turkey, wild, how caught, use of, &c., 149 ——, domestic, particulars respecting, 149 Turnspit, description and use of, 31 Turtle, common or green, description of, how procured, and uses of, 181 ——, hawk's bill, description of, and uses of flesh, eggs, and shell, 180 Tusseh dooties, what they are, and use of, 237 U. Umber, description of, how caught, and uses of, 213 Urchin. See Hedge-hog. V. Veal, 95 Vellum, of what made, and uses, 95 Venison, 79 Vicuna, description and uses of, 70 Viper, common, uses of, 185 Vulture, Aquiline or Egyptian, description and uses of, 124 ——, carrion, 125 W. Wax, bees and white, what it is, how prepared, and uses, 238 Weasel, striated. See Skunk. Westphalia hams, how cured, 110 Whale, great or Greenland, description of; and uses of oil, whalebone, tongue, skin, fins, flesh, intestines, bones, &c., 113, &c. —— ——, fishery, account of, 114 —— ——, fin-backed, description of, and uses of oil, spermaceti, flesh, skin, intestines, tendons, teeth, bones, &c., 118, &c. Whalebone, what it is, and uses of, 114, 117 Wheat-ear, description of, how caught, and use of, 142 White-game, 156 White-rump, description of, how caught, and uses of, 142 Whiting, description of, how caught, and use of, 193 ——, pout, description and use of, 192 Wigeon, 175 Wolf, description and history of, 32 ——, use of skin, 32 Woodcock, description and use of, and particulars respecting, 165 Woodlark, 141 Woodpeckers, description and uses of, 132 Wool, uses and manufacture of, 24, 27, 85, 86 Wreckle, description of, how caught, and use of, 187 Y. Yak, description and use of, 98 THE END. POPULAR SCHOOL BOOKS, AND MISCELLANEOUS WORKS of INFORMATION for YOUTH. A DICTIONARY OF LATIN PHRASES; comprehending a Methodical Digest of the various Phrases from the best Authors, which have been Collected in all Phraseological Works hitherto published; for the more speedy progress of Students in Latin Composition. By William Robertson, AM. of Cambridge. A New Edition, with considerable Additions, Alterations, and Corrections. In a very thick volume royal 12mo. 15s. bound. *** The present edition has this advantage over its predecessors, that it is enriched with many hundred phrases which have hitherto been unrecorded; and these have been drawn from the purest fountains, by actual perusal; from Cicero, Tacitus, Terence, Plautus, &c. "The utility of this work to students in Latin composition is too evident to need pointing out; and we doubt not it will readily find a due place in the list of School Books."—Gentleman's Magazine. "If the work in its 'first estate' was a favourite treatise at our schools, it can have nothing to fear in its renovated form, where its barbarisms have been expunged, and some thousand phrases, drawn from the purest sources, have been added: we shall merely observe that it is an excellent Key to Latin Composition."—Lit. Chronicle. ESSAYS ON THE INSTITUTIONS, GOVERNMENT, AND MANNERS OF THE STATES OF ANCIENT GREECE. The Second Edition, 12mo. price 7s. By Henry David Hill, DD. Professor of Greek in the University of St. Andrew's. "To young persons who are just entering upon the higher classics, and to studious men who are desirous of repairing, by their own industry, the accidental defects of an imperfect education, a more useful assistant cannot, we think, well be furnished."—Quarterly Review. SKETCHES OF THE DOMESTIC MANNERS AND INSTITUTIONS OF THE ROMANS. 12mo. 7s. "Carefully and judiciously compiled from a variety of the best sources, there are few books of the kind which we could recommend to be put into the hands of young persons with greater satisfaction than this little volume. Its contents embrace, we think, every subject of importance connected with Roman society."—Lit. Gazette. "The work before us is an improvement upon preceding summaries of the kind, and in our opinion a very successful one."—Gentleman's Magazine. ELEMENTS OF GREEK PROSODY AND METRE, compiled from the best Authorities, Ancient and Modern. By Thomas Webb, 8vo. price 8s. A TREATISE ON NAVIGATION AND NAUTICAL ASTRONOMY, adapted to Practice, and to the Purposes of Elementary Instruction; containing the Elementary Principles of Algebra, Geometry, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, and Navigation; the Method of keeping a Sea Journal; Concise and Simple Rules, with their Investigations, for finding the Latitude and Longitude, and the Variation of the Compass, by Celestial Observations; the Solution of other useful Nautical Problems; with an extensive Series of Examples for Exercise, and all the Tables requisite in Nautical Computations. By Edward Riddle, Master of the Mathematical School, Royal Naval Asylum, Greenwich. In 8vo. price 11s. boards, or 12s. bound. THE ELEMENTS OF BOOK-KEEPING; comprising a System of Merchants' Accounts, founded on real Business, and adapted to Modern Practice. With an Appendix on Exchange, Banking, and other Commercial Subjects. By P. Kelly, LL.D. Master of the Finsbury-square Academy. Eighth Edition, 8vo. price 7s. bound. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO SPHERICS AND NAUTICAL ASTRONOMY; being an Attempt to simplify these useful Sciences, with an Appendix on Time-keepers and Transit Instruments. By the same Author. Fourth Edition, in royal 8vo. price 12s. RULED BOOKS, on the best Writing Paper, for Students using Dr. Kelly's Book-keeping, viz. 1. A Waste-book and Journal, and Ledger; adapted to the Second Set; price 5s.—2. A Waste-book and Cash-book. Invoice-book and Sales-book, Bill-book, Journal, and Ledger; adapted to the Third Set. Price 12s. 6d. A NEW SCHOOL ATLAS of Modern Geography, containing Maps of all the principal States and Kingdoms of the World (to which is added a Map of Canaan or Judea for Scripture reading), the whole compiled from the latest and best authorities. By I. C. Russell, Geographer. Finely engraved on twenty-five plates with all discoveries to the present time, in 8vo. outlined. Neatly half-bound. Price 12s. *** The Maps are printed on a fine stout Drawing Paper. THE BIBLE ATLAS; or, Sacred Geography Delineated, in a Complete Series of Scriptural Maps, drawn from the latest and best authorities, and engraved by Richard Palmer. Dedicated, by permission, to His Grace the Archbishop of York. Engraved on 26 small 4to. plates. Price 16s. coloured, or 12s. plain, neatly half-bound. These Maps are all newly constructed after a careful and critical examination of the recent discoveries of Burckhardt, Richardson, Henneker, Wells, &c.; and references to them are facilitated by a copious consulting Index. OSTELL'S NEW GENERAL ATLAS; containing distinct Maps of all the principal States and Kingdoms throughout the World, from the latest and best authorities, including Eight Maps of Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, and Canaan or Judea; the whole correctly engraved upon thirty plates, royal quarto, and beautifully coloured outlines. Price 18s. neatly half-bound, or full-coloured, price 1l. 1s. *** The Publishers offer the above Atlas to Schools, as the most correct, the most useful, and at the same time, the cheapest, ever executed. They have no hesitation in saying, that it wants only to be seen to be universally adopted; it is already used in many of the most respectable Seminaries in the Empire. A PRACTICAL GERMAN GRAMMAR; or a New and Easy Method of acquiring a thorough knowledge of the German Language; for the use of Schools and Private Students. By John Rowbotham, Master of the Classical, &c. Academy, Walworth. 12mo. price 6s. 6d. boards; or 7s. bound. "Mr. Rowbotham has produced the clearest German and English Grammar that we have seen. The study of German has hitherto been obstructed in England by the circumstance that the Grammars of that Language have been the forbidding productions of Germans, and hence they have been German and English, instead of being English and German. By means of Mr. Rowbotham's luminous grammar, in which he exhibits a corresponding familiarity with both languages, the study of German is likely to be considerably promoted."—Monthly Mag. June, 1824. "This desideratum (a good German Grammar) Mr. R. has not only supplied, but supplied with ability and effect; and the Literary World is highly indebted to him for the clear, precise, and comprehensive manner in which he has accomplished his task."—Critical Gazette, July, 1824. A PRACTICAL SYSTEM of ALGEBRA; Designed for the use of Schools and Private Students. By P. Nicholson, Author of the Architectural Dictionary, Combinatorial Analysis, &c. and J. Rowbotham, Master of the Academy, Walworth. In 12mo. "Nil tam difficile, quod non solertia vincet." A FRENCH AND ENGLISH, AND ENGLISH AND FRENCH DICTIONARY. By M. de Levizac, Author of the Practical Grammar of the French Language, &c. &c. thoroughly revised and improved; the two Parts carefully collated with the Indication of all the Irregularities of the French Pronunciation. 12mo. Third Edition, carefully corrected by C. Gros; and Stereotyped. Price 10s. 6d. This Edition has been carefully revised by the Dictionnaire de l'AcadÉmie, has received considerable Additions, and contains a greater number of Words than any other School Dictionary of the French Language, though exceeding it in bulk and size. ENGLISH SYNONYMES EXPLAINED, in Alphabetical Order; with copious Illustrations and Examples drawn from the best Writers. By G. Crabb. The Third Edition, thoroughly revised and corrected; in a large volume 8vo. Price 1l. 1s. "The present work forms a valuable addition to the philological treatises we possess—Mr. Crabb has brought to the task, which he undertook, a sound judgment, and an extent and accuracy of investigation, which have gone far to supply the chasm which remained in this branch of our Literature."—British Critic, October, 1823. ELEMENTS OF PLANE AND SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY; with their Applications to Heights and Distances, Projections of the Sphere, Dialling, Astronomy, the Solution of Equations, and Geodesic Operations; intended for the Use of Mathematical Seminaries, and of first-year Men at College. By Olinthus Gregory, LL.D. of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; Author of Letters on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the Christian Religion; a Treatise of Mechanics, and other Works. 12mo. Price 5s. bound. ARITHMETIC; adapted to different Classes of Learners, but more particularly to the Use of large Schools. In Three Parts. Arranged in a new manner, and enlivened with numerous original Examples on interesting Subjects. With an Appendix, containing Five Classes of Recapitulatory Exercises. By R. Goodacre, Master of Standard-hill Academy, near Nottingham. Seventh Edition. 12mo. 4s. bound. A KEY to the above. Third Edition. 5s. 6d. bound. A TREATISE ON BOOK-KEEPING, adapted to the Use of Schools. To which is added, a familiar Dissertation on the various Bills and Notes used in Commerce as Substitutes for Cash. The Second Edition, 12mo. 4s. bound. AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY AND ASTRONOMY by the Use of the Globes and Maps. To which are added, the Construction of Maps, and a Table of Latitudes and Longitudes. By E. and I. Bruce, Teachers of Geography and the Mathematics. The Seventh Edition, with very considerable Improvements. Price 7s. 6d. neatly bound. *** This Work contains, besides the usual contents of a School Geography, complete Tables of all the Sea Ports of Europe, their Situation, Longitude and Latitude, Exports, Imports, &c.:—of all the Towns of England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, the Population of each, taken from the last official Returns, their Situation, Trade, &c.; distinguishing those that send Members to Parliament, Bishopricks, &c.; the whole divided into Three Parts: the first, descriptive of Geography; the second, containing Problems on the Terrestrial Globe; and the third, the Celestial Globe. A KEY to this Work, price 2s. 6d. sewed, containing Answers to all the Problems in the Geography, &c. By John Bruce. THE CHILD'S INTRODUCTION TO THOROUGH BASS, in Conversations of a Fortnight, between a Mother and her Daughter of Ten years old, illustrated by Plates and Cuts of Music. In small 4to. Price 8s. neatly half bound. A SHORT HISTORY OF FRANCE; including the principal Events from the Foundation of the Empire by Pharamond to the Restoration of Louis XVIII. By Mrs. Moore. In 12mo. Price 7s. boards, with six Engravings from original Designs. *** An Edition of the same work, in 2 vols. illustrated with 33 Plates, printed uniformly with the long-esteemed Works of Mrs. Trimmer. Price 8s. bound in red. POEMS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS, selected to enforce the Practice of Virtue, and to comprise, in one Volume, the Beauties of English Poetry. By T. E. Tomkins. A new Edition, with many additional Poems. Price 3s. bound. SELF-CULTIVATION RECOMMENDED; or, Hints to a Youth leaving School. Fourth Edition. By Isaac Taylor, of Ongar. Price 5s. boards. ADVICE TO THE TEENS; or, Practical Helps towards the Formation of one's own Character. By the same Author. Third Edition, 5s. boards. CHARACTER ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESS IN LIFE; addressed to those who are approaching Manhood. By the same Author. The Third Edition, price 5s. boards. "This excellent work may be considered as a Third Volume, though it does not assume that form, and though it is not necessary that the two former should be read in order to understand it. The first is "Self-cultivation Recommended," the second is "Advice to the Teens." We cannot render to our readers a greater service than by recommending to them, in the most earnest manner, these three volumes, the last of which does not yield in point of excellence to either of the former."—Baptist Magazine. ÆSOP IN RHYME, with some Originals. By Jeffrys Taylor, of Ongar. Second Edition, 12mo. price 4s. neatly half-bound with 72 Plates. "An intelligent child will be truly happy when he first opens this engaging little volume."—Monthly Review. HARRY'S HOLIDAY; or, the Doings of One who had Nothing to do. Third Edition, 18mo. price 2s. 6d. half-bound. By the same Author. RALPH RICHARDS the Miser. 18mo. 2s. 6d. half-bound. By the same Author. THE LITTLE HISTORIANS; a New Chronicle of the Affairs of England, in Church and State, between Lewis and Paul. With Explanatory Remarks, and Additional Information upon various Subjects connected with the Progress of Civilization; also some Account of Antiquities. By the same Author. 3 vols. price 9s. half-bound. "The dialogue-form adopted by the author is excellently adapted to the purposes of explanation, illustration, and comment; and admits of a variety of pleasant and familiar remarks that otherwise could hardly have been introduced. Each of the two boys, Lewis and Paul, read their respective portions of the narrative; their father, uncle, and other members of the family circle, making their observations as the history proceeds." Having given an extract, the Reviewer adds—"After this quotation, it is needless to say that it is an admirable little work to be put into the bands of the juvenile reader."—Lit. Chron. LETTERS ON NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. Illustrated by 17 Plates. By the Rev. Jeremiah Joyce. The Second Edition. With very considerable Alterations and Additions. 12mo. Price 9s. boards. SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUES; intended for the Instruction and Entertainment of Young People; in which the First Principles of Natural and Experimental Philosophy are fully explained; comprising Mechanics, Astronomy, Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, Optics, Magnetism, Electricity and Galvanism. By the same Author. A new Edition, with Additions. In 6 vols. Price 15s. half-bound. A COMPANION TO THE SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUES; or, the Tutor's Assistant and Pupil's Manual, in Natural and Experimental Philosophy; containing a complete Set of Questions, and other Exercises, for the Examination of Pupils, in the Scientific Dialogues, and forming a Seventh Volume of that Work. To which is added, a Compendium of the principal Facts under each Department of Science. By the same Author. Price 2s. 6d. half-bound. DIALOGUES ON CHEMISTRY; intended for the Instruction and Entertainment of Young People; in which the first Principles of that Science are fully explained. With Questions for the Examination of Pupils. A new Edition, carefully corrected according to the latest Improvements in the Science. By the same Author. 2 vols. Price 9s. half-bound. DIALOGUES ON THE MICROSCOPE; intended for the Instruction and Entertainment of Young Persons, desirous of investigating the Wonders of the minuter Parts of the Creation: containing an Account of the Principles of Vision; and of the Construction and Management of the most improved and generally useful Microscopes. By the same Author. Illustrated with 10 plates, 2 vols. 12mo. Price 7s. half-bound. A GREEK AND ENGLISH MANUAL LEXICON TO THE NEW TESTAMENT, with Examples of the Irregular Inflections, &c. By J. H. Bass. 18mo. Price 4s. *** The object of this Work is to offer to the Public, in a form to bind up with the Pocket Greek Testaments, all that is necessary for a general understanding of that portion of the Holy Scriptures in the Greek Tongue. It will contain many words commonly omitted in other Lexicons. A COLLECTION OF ENGLISH EXERCISES; translated from the Writings of Cicero, for Schoolboys to re-translate into Latin, and adapted to the principal Rules in the Eton Syntax; to which are added, some Rules for adapting the English Idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. Tenth Edition, thoroughly revised. Price 3s. 6d. bound. KEY to the Second and Third Parts of ELLIS'S COLLECTION of EXERCISES, from the Writings of Cicero, with References to the Passages in the Original. 12mo. Second Edition. Price 3s. bound. *** This little Publication is offered to those Teachers who use Ellis's Exercises; not from a supposition that they can require such aid for the correction of grammatical errors, but from a conviction that the best modern Scholars may consult the original with advantage, and that the Pupil will thus be prepared for more difficult exercises. The Key will be found useful as a collection of Sentences to be translated into English, which, without being too difficult, illustrate the rules of Syntax in the pure language of the first of Roman Authors. SELECTIONS FOR READING AND RECITATION, designed for the Use of Schools. By James Hews Bransby, of Dudley. In a thick volume, 12mo. Price 5s. 6d. bound. ESSAYS ON ANCIENT HISTORY; particularly the Jewish, Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman; with Examinations, for the Use of Young Persons. By John Holland, of Bolton. A new Edition, with extensive Alterations and Additions. 12mo. Price 6s. bound. EXERCISES FOR THE MEMORY AND UNDERSTANDING, with a Series of Examinations: consisting of Fables and Narratives, Selections from Natural and Civil History, and Moral and Religious Extracts in Prose and Verse. By the same Author. 12mo. Price 5s. 6d. bound. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE USE OF THE GLOBES; containing Definitions and Problems in Geometry; the Stereographic Projection of the Sphere, the Rise and Progress of Geography and Astronomy. By John Greig. In 12mo. Third Edition. Price 3s. 6d. bound. A COURSE OF LECTURES FOR SUNDAY EVENINGS, containing Religious Advice to Young Persons. In 2 vols. Price 9s. neatly half-bound. GUY'S SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY, on a new, easy, and highly improved Plan; comprising not only a complete General Description, but much Topographical Information, in a well-digested Order; exhibiting three distinct Parts, and yet forming one connected Whole: expressly adapted to every Age and Capacity, and to every class of Learners, both in Ladies' and Gentlemen's Schools. The Ninth Edition, handsomely printed in crown 12mo. and illustrated with seven Maps, engraved by J. C. Russell, jun. Price 3s. bound. "We think this work entitled to unqualified approbation. It unites utility with cheapness. Its method is simple and practicable, and well adapted to the first wants of the mind. Its ample title-page professes no more than what is performed in the body of the work. Mr. Guy is already known as the Author of some other works of a similar nature, and this will add to his merit in that species of composition."—Universal Magazine. "The present epitome of Geography challenges comparison either with any of the author's former publications, or with those of others upon the same subject, not even excepting the popular 'Grammar of Geography, by Goldsmith.' Contrasted with the latter, it contains upwards of one-fourth more matter, and perhaps, not less than double the real information. In Guy we find, in addition to the usual Geographical description of kingdoms, an abstract of their natural curiosities, animals, climate, soil, inhabitants, religion, manners, customs, language, government, chronology, and history. In Goldsmith we find almost nothing more than the names of a few (and only a few) rivers, provinces, and chief towns, without any thing to excite attention or curiosity, farther than what appears in the outline map of a country. Goldsmith indeed merely talks about geography, or the physical and political divisions of the globe; Guy describes them agreeably, and presents to the reader a complete and faithful portrait, in miniature, of the habitable world, equally intelligible and interesting to the youth and the man."—Antijacobin Review. Since the first publication of this Geography in 1810, nearly 100,000 copies have been sold, and its superiority over other works of the same kind is becoming daily more manifest—the last year's sale being double that of any of the preceding. In this edition many improvements have been added, the list of accepted Geographical names is greatly enlarged, much original matter respecting the extensive Empire of TONKIN is annexed, the book is printed in a superior style on the best paper, and the whole forms a most perfect and highly interesting School Book. *** THE MAPS, printed on a stout Royal Drawing Paper, and beautifully coloured, are done up separately for the use of Teachers, price 2s. A KEY TO GUY'S GEOGRAPHY, containing Answers to all the Questions and the Problems on the Globes, in this Geography. Price 1s. 6d. sewed. A CHART OF GENERAL HISTORY, Ancient and Modern. Fourth Edition corrected. On a sheet of Columbier drawing-paper, price 7s. coloured; on canvass and rollers, 10s. 6d.; and varnished 14s. A Chart of this kind will greatly facilitate the student's progress, and give him clearer ideas of the rise, duration, and fall of each kingdom and empire, than the perusal of many volumes. It is, in short, to History, what Maps are to Geography; and a mode of representation which gives a kind of locality to events; and conveys not only distinct ideas of distant events in any one country, but the relative occurrences of different nations. C. Baldwin, Printer, New Bridge-Street, London. Notes This is perfectly distinct from castor oil, which is the production of a vegetable seed. Four inches make a hand. This is the usual mode of estimating the height of horses. |
|
