Cleveland has 86 school dispensaries, or what are usually termed "physicians' offices." These are rooms about 20 feet long by 15 feet wide, located in the basement or on the first floor of the school building, well lighted, and painted in white or light colors. Usually they contain one or two small white enamel tables, several chairs, a wash basin with running water, a white enamel pail for waste materials, wooden tongue depressors, eye charts, a medical cabinet filled with instruments and supplies, filing boxes, and printed forms. In 37 of the elementary schools, shower baths are provided as part of the equipment of the building.

Cleveland's dispensaries are of exceptionally high grade. In every case lighting, ventilation, and equipment are good. Many of the rooms are large enough for conferences and hygiene talks, and in at least one school—East Madison—the dispensary is used with desirable psychological effect for the regular meetings of the Mothers' Club. The excellence of Cleveland's school dispensaries has contributed in no small measure to the efficiency of the medical service, and money spent in this way has been a wise investment. It is probably true that Cleveland's dispensaries are of better grade than those of any other large city in the United States.

These dispensaries have proved of the greatest value in rendering the physical examinations of the children more effective and efficient. This work is very different from that which relates to the detection of contagious diseases. The latter is primarily a protective measure and looks mainly to the immediate safeguarding of the health of the community. The former aims at securing physical soundness and vitality and looks far into the future.

The physical examinations conducted in these dispensaries have shown conclusively that a large percentage of the Cleveland children—like those of all other cities—suffer from defective vision to the extent of requiring an oculist's care if they are to do their work properly, and if permanent injury to their eyes is to be avoided. More than this, a considerable proportion of the children are so seriously defective in hearing that their school work suffers severely. Most important of all, only a small minority of these defects of sight and hearing are discovered by teachers or known to them, to the parents, or to the children themselves. When the children attempt to do their school work while suffering from these defects, among the results may be counted permanent injury to the eyes, severe injury to the nervous system due to eyestrain, and depression and discouragement, owing to inability to see and hear clearly.

Moreover, there are other defects, in particular those of nose, throat, and teeth, which are common among children and which have an important bearing upon their present health and future development. The importance of these defects is emphasized by the fact that, if discovered early enough, they may easily be remedied or modified, whereas neglect leads, almost invariably, to permanent impairment of physical condition. These are the reasons why Cleveland's heavy investment in school dispensaries is yielding a return in enhanced health, happiness, and vigor probably unexcelled by the dividends from any other sort of educational expenditure.