PAGE
Introduction 1
Calorimeter laboratory 3
General plan of calorimeter laboratory 3
Heating and ventilating 7
The calorimeter 10
Fundamental principles of the apparatus 10
The calorimeter chamber 11
General construction 14
Prevention of radiation 17
The thermo-electric elements 19
Interior of the calorimeter 20
Heat-absorbing circuit 22
Thermometers 26
Mercurial thermometers 26
Electric-resistance thermometers 28
Air-thermometers 28
Wall thermometers 29
Electrical rectal thermometer 29
Electric-resistance thermometers for the water-current 29
Observer's table 31
Connections to thermal-junction systems 33
Rheostat for heating 34
Wheatstone bridges 34
Galvanometer 35
Resistance for heating coils 35
Temperature recorder 36
Fundamental principle of the apparatus 38
The galvanometer 39
The creeper 40
The clock 42
Installation of the apparatus 42
Temperature control of the ingoing air 43
The heat of vaporization of water 44
The bed calorimeter 45
Measurements of body-temperature 48
Control experiments with the calorimeter 50
Determination of the hydrothermal equivalent of the calorimeter 52
General description of the respiration apparatus 54
Testing the chamber for tightness 54
Ventilation of the chamber 54
Openings in the chamber 55
Ventilating air-current 57
Blower 57
Absorbers for water-vapor 58
Potash-lime cans 60
Balance for weighing absorbers 61
Purification of the air-current with sodium bicarbonate 63
Valves 63
Couplings 64
Absorber table 65
Oxygen supply 67
Automatic control of oxygen supply 69
Tension equalizer 71
Barometer 72
Analysis of residual air 73
Gas-meter 75
Calculation of results 76
Analysis of oxygen 76
Advantage of a constant-temperature room and temperature control 77
Variations in the apparent volume of air 77
Changes in volume due to the absorption of water and carbon dioxide 78
Respiratory loss 78
Calculation of the volume of air residual in the chamber 79
Residual analyses 80
Calculation from residual analyses 80
Influence of fluctuations in temperature and pressure on the apparent volume of air in the system 83
Influence of fluctuations in the amounts of carbon dioxide and water-vapor upon residual oxygen 83
Control of residual analyses 84
Nitrogen admitted with the oxygen 84
Rejection of air 85
Interchange of air in the food aperture 85
Use of the residual blank in the calculations 86
Abbreviated method of computation of oxygen admitted to the chamber for use during short experiments 88
Criticism of the method of calculating the volume of oxygen 89
Calculation of total output of carbon dioxide and water-vapor and oxygen absorption 91
Control experiments with burning alcohol 91
Balance for weighing subject 93
Pulse rate and respiration rate 95
Routine of an experiment with man 96
Preparation of subject 96
Sealing in the cover 97
Routine at observer's table 97
Manipulation of the water-meter 98
Absorber table 99
Supplemental apparatus 100