  PART FIRST. CHAPTER I. HEALTH, ECONOMY, AND PLEASURE IN FOOD. Rules of Health in regard to Food and Drink—Measures used in Cooking Page 15 CHAPTER II. MARKETING AND THE CARE OF MEATS. Marketing—Beef—Different “Cuts,” etc.—Veal—Mutton—Pork—Poultry—Fish—Shell-fish—Care of Meats—To salt down Beef—To cleanse Calf’s Head and Feet—To prepare Rennet—To salt down Fish—To try out Lard—Molasses-cured Hams—Brine for coming Hams, Beef, Pork, etc.—Another—Brine by Measure—To salt down Pork—To prepare Cases for Sausages—Sausage Meat—Another Recipe—Bologna Sausages—To smoke Hams 18 CHAPTER III. STEWS AND SOUPS. New Soup and Stew Kettle—General Directions—Stews: of Beef and Potato; Mutton and Turnip, (French;) Simple Mutton; Beef, with vegetable flavors; Fowl, with Celery or Tomatoes—Irish Stew—Veal Stew—Another—Pilaff (Turkish)—Rice or Hominy Stew—English Beef Stew—Pot au Feu (French)—Olla Podrida (Spanish)—French Mutton Stew—French Modes of Cooking—Flavors—Soup Powder 28 CHAPTER IV. SOUPS. General Directions—Soup Stock—Soup of Potato—Plain Beef—Rich Beef—Green Pea—Dried Bean or Pea—Clam—Vegetable and Meat for Summer—Dried Pea, with salt Pork—Dried Bean or Pea, with Meat stock—Mutton—Vegetable (French)—Plain Calf’s Head—Simple Mutton 35 CHAPTER V. HASHES. Four Ways of spoiling Hashes—Hashes: of Fresh Meats, seasoned; Cold fresh Meats and Potatoes; Meat, with Eggs; Meat, with Tomatoes; Beef; Veal; Rice and cold Meats; Bread-crumbs and cold Meats; Another; Cold Beefsteak; Same, with Potatoes and Turnips; Cold Mutton or Venison; Corned Beef; Cold Ham—Meats warmed over—To Cook cold Meats—Cold meat Hash—Souse—Tripe 39 CHAPTER VI. BOILED MEATS. To Cook tough Beef—Boiled Ham—Beef—Fowls—Fricasseed Fowls—To boil Leg or Shoulder of Veal, Mutton, or Lamb—Calf’s Feet—Calf’s Liver and Sweet-breads—Kidneys—Pillau—Smoked Tongue—Corned Beef—Partridges or Pigeons—Ducks—Turkey 43 CHAPTER VII. ROAST AND BAKED MEATS. The best Beef—Brown Flour for Gravies—Roast Beef—To roast in a Cook-stove—Roast Pork; Mutton; Veal; Poultry—Pot-pie of Beef, Veal, or Chicken—Mutton and Beef Pie—Chicken-pie—Rice Chicken-pie—Potato-pie—Calf’s Head 46 CHAPTER VIII. BROILED AND FRIED MEATS AND RELISHES. Boiled Mutton or Lamb Chops; Beefsteak; Fresh Pork; Ham; Sweet-breads; Veal—Pork Relish—Frying—Calf’s or Pig’s Liver—Beef Liver—Egg Omelet—Frizzled Beef—Veal Cheese—Codfish Relish—Another—Salt Herrings 50 CHAPTER IX. PICKLES. General Directions—Sweet Pickles—To pickle Tomatoes; Peaches; Peppers; Nasturtions; Onions; Gherkins; Mushrooms; Cucumbers; Walnuts; Mangoes; Cabbage—To prepare Tomatoes for eating—Martinoes—Spiced Cucumber Pickles—Indiana Pickles—Cauliflower or Broccoli 52 CHAPTER X. SAUCES AND SALADS. Milk and Egg Sauce—Drawn Butter—Mint Sauce—Cranberry Sauce—Apple Sauce—Walnut or Butternut Catsup—Mock Capers—Salad Dressing—Turkey or Chicken Salad—Lettuce Salad—Tomato Catsup 56 CHAPTER XI. FISH. Oysters, Stewed; Fried; Scalloped; Broiled—Oyster Fritters—Oyster Omelet—Pickled Oysters—Roast Oysters—Scallops—Clams—Clam Chowder—Fish, Boiled; Broiled; Baked—Pickle for cold Fish 58 CHAPTER XII. VEGETABLES. General Remarks—Potatoes—Old Potatoes—Potato Puffs—Sweet Potatoes—Green Corn—Succotash—Oyster-plant or Salsify—Egg-plant—Carrots—Beets—Parsnips—Pumpkin and Squash—Celery—Radishes—Onions—Tomatoes—Cucumbers—Cabbage and Cauliflower—Asparagus—Macaroni—Eggs 60 CHAPTER XIII. FAMILY BREAD. General Remarks—Fine and unbolted Flour—Middlings—Kneading—Yeast: Hop and Potato; Potato; Hard—Bread: of fine Flour; of middling or unbolted Flour; raised with Water; Rye and Indian; Third; Rye; Oat-meal; Pumpkin; Apple; Corn-meal—Sweet Rolls of Corn-meal—Soda Biscuit—Yeast Biscuit—Potato Biscuit—Buns 64 CHAPTER XIV. BREAKFAST AND SUPPER. General Supplies—Receipts for Corn-meal—Hominy—Rice—Economical Breakfast Dish—Biscuits of sour Milk and Flour—Pearl or cracked Wheat—Rye and Corn Meal—Oat-meal—Wheat Muffins—Sally Lunn, improved—Cream Griddle-cakes—Royal Crumpets—Muffins—Waffles—Drop-cakes—Sachem’s Head Corn-cake—Rice Waffles—A Rice Dish—To use cold Rice—Buckwheat Cakes—Cottage Cheese 70 CHAPTER XV. PUDDINGS AND PIES. Sweet Food, Remarks—Queen of all Puddings—Flour Pudding—Flour and Fruit Pudding—Rusk and Milk—Rusk Pudding—Meat and Rusk Pudding—A good Pudding—Pan Dowdy—Corn-meal Pop-over—Best Apple-pie—Puddings: of Rice; Bread and Fruit; Boiled Fruit—Curds (English)—Common Apple-pie—Plain Custard—Another—Mush or Hasty Pudding—Stale Bread Pudding—Rennet Wine—Rennet Custard—Bird’snest Pudding—Minute Pudding of Potato Starch—Tapioca Pudding—Cocoa-nut Pudding—New-England Squash or Pumpkin Pie—Ripe-fruit Pies: Peach, Cherry, Plum, Currants, and Strawberry—Mock Cream—Pudding CHAPTER XVI. CAKE. General Directions.—Cake raised with Powders—One, two, three, four Cake—Chocolate; Jelly; Orange; Almond and Cocoa-nut.—Cake raised with Eggs—Pound Cake; Plain; Fruit; Huckleberry; Gold and Silver; Rich Sponge; Plain Sponge—Gingerbread, etc.—Aunt Esther’s Gingerbread—Sponge Gingerbread—Ginger Snaps—Seed Cookies—Fried Cakes.—Cakes raised with Yeast—Plain Loaf-cake—Rich Loaf-cake—Dough-cake—Icing for Cake 85 CHAPTER XVII. PRESERVES AND JELLIES. General Directions—Canned Fruit—To clarify Sirups for Sweetmeats—Brandy Peaches—Peaches (not rich)—Peaches (elegant)—To preserve Quinces whole—Quince Jelly—Calf-foot Jelly—To preserve Apples—Pears—Pine-apples—Purple Plums, No. 1 and No. 2—White or green Plums—Citron Melons—Strawberries—Blackberry Jam—Currants to eat with Meat—Cherries-Currants—Raspberry Jam, No. 1 and No. 2—Currant Jelly—Quince Marmalade—Water-melon Rinds—Preserved Pumpkin 90 CHAPTER XVIII. DESSERTS AND EVENING PARTIES. Ice-cream—Strawberry Ice-cream—Ice-cream without Cream—Fruit Ice-cream—A Cream for stewed Fruit—Currant, Raspberry, or Strawberry Whisk—Lemonade—Ice and other Ices—Charlotte Russe—Flummery—Chicken Salad—Wine Jelly—Apple-lemon Pudding—Wheat-flour Blanc-mange—Orange Marmalade—Simple Lemon Jelly—Cranberry—Apple Ice—Whip Syllabub—Apple-snow—Iced Fruit—Ornamental Froth—To clarify Isinglass—Blanc-mange—Apple Jelly—Orange Jelly—Floating Island—A Dish of Snow—To clarify Sugar—Candied Fruits—Another way—Ornamental Pyramid 95 CHAPTER XIX. DRINKS AND ARTICLES FOR THE SICK AND YOUNG CHILDREN. CHAPTER XX. THE PROVIDING AND CARE OF FAMILY STORES. The Art of keeping a good Table—Successive Variety—Doing every thing in the best Manner—Stores and Store-rooms—Flour—Unbolted Flour—Indian-meal—Rye—Buckwheat—Rice—Hominy—Arrow-root—Tapioca, etc.—Sugars—Butter—Lard and Drippings—Salt—Vinegar—Oil—Molasses—Hard Soap—Starch—Indigo—Coffee—Tea—Soda—Raisins—Currants—Lemon and Orange Peel—Spices—Sweet Herbs—Cream-tartar—Acids—Essences, etc.—Preserves and Jellies—Hams—Cheese—Bread—Cake—Codfish—Salted Provisions 103 CHAPTER XXI. SETTING TABLES, PREPARATION OF FOOD. Table-cloth—Napkins—Table Furniture—Bread—Butter—Dishes—Soiled Spots—Plates to be warmed in Winter—Certain Dishes served together—Strong flavored Meats—Boiled Poultry—Jelly—Fresh Pork—Drawn Butter—Pickles—Garnishing Dishes—Boiled Ham or Veal—Greens and Asparagus—Hashes—Curled Parsley—Mode of setting Table 109 CHAPTER XXII. WASHING, IRONING, AND CLEANSING. Modes of economizing the Wash—Good Washing depends on Conveniences—Articles needed—Common mode of Washing—Fine Clothes—White Articles—Colored Articles—Flannels—Bedding—Calicoes—Waters, etc.—To cleanse Broadcloth—To make Lye—Soft Soap—Potash Soap—To prepare Starch—Beef’s Gall—To do up Laces—Articles needed for Ironing—Sprinkling, Folding, and Ironing—To whiten Articles and remove Stains—Mildew—Stain-mixture—Another—To remove Grease, Tar, Pitch, Turpentine, Lamp-oil, Oil-paint, Ink-stains, Stains on varnished Articles—To clean silk Handkerchiefs and Ribbons—To clean silk Hose or Gloves 112 CHAPTER XXIII. MISCELLANEOUS ADVICE AND RECIPES. How to keep Cool in hot Weather—Indelible Ink—To keep Eggs—To prevent Earthen, Glass, and Iron ware from breaking easily—Cement for broken Ware—To keep Knives from Rust—To cleanse or renovate Furniture—To clean Silver—To cleanse Wall-paper—To purify a Well—To PART SECOND. CHAPTER I. NEEDFUL SCIENCE AND TRAINING FOR THE FAMILY STATE. Women need both scientific and practical Training even more than Men—Woman’s Duties as important as difficult, and much greater in Variety—The business of a Housekeeper includes all connected with the Construction and Care of a House, Yard, and Garden; the Selection of Furniture; the Ornamentation of a Home; its Cleansing, Neatness, and Order; the Selection and Cooking of proper Food; the providing of family Furniture and Clothing; the Care of Health; the Charge of family Expenses; the Training of Servants, and, as Wife and Mother, the Supervision of Nursery, the Educator of Children, and the religious Minister of the family State—Evils consequent on not training Women for these Duties 127 CHAPTER II. A HEALTHFUL AND ECONOMICAL HOME. Advantages of close Packing of Conveniences—Plan of a model Cottage to economize Time, Labor, and Expense, with Estimates of Cost—Advantages described 133 CHAPTER III. ON HOME VENTILATION. Mode in which the Body is nourished by the Air—Construction of the Lungs and Heart—Description of Evils consequent on Neglect of a proper Supply of pure Air 150 CHAPTER IV. ON WARMING A HOUSE. Principles of Heat, viz., Conduction, Convection, Radiation, and Reflection—Best Mode of warming a House illustrated—Importance of Moisture in the Air 164 CHAPTER V. ON STOVES AND CHIMNEYS. The general Properties of Heat, Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Reflection—Cooking done by Radiation the simplest but most wasteful Mode: by Convection (as in Stoves and Furnaces) the cheapest—The Range—The model Cooking-stove—Interior Arrangements and Principles—Contrivances for economizing Heat, Labor, Time, Fuel, Trouble, and Expense—Its Durability, Simplicity, etc.—Chimneys: why they smoke, and how to cure them—Furnaces: the Dryness of their Heat—Necessity of Moisture in warm Air—How to obtain and regulate it 182 CHAPTER VI. ECONOMIC MODES OF BEAUTIFYING A HOME. Educating Influence of natural and artistic Beauty—On Curtains—Sketch of a Parlor with cheap and beautiful Ornaments—On the tasteful Combination of Colors 192 CHAPTER VII. ON THE CARE OF HEALTH. Importance of some Knowledge of the Body and its Needs—Fearful Responsibility of entering upon domestic Duties in Ignorance—The fundamental vital Principle—Cell-life—Wonders of the Microscope—Cell-multiplication—Constant interplay of Decay and Growth necessary to Life—The red and white Cells of the Blood—Secreting and converting Power—The nervous System—The Brain and the Nerves—Structural Arrangement and Functions—The ganglionic System—The nervous Fluid—Necessity of properly apportioned Exercise to Nerves of Sensation and of Motion—Evils of excessive or insufficient Exercise—Equal Development of the Whole 199 CHAPTER VIII. DOMESTIC EXERCISE. Connection of Muscles and Nerves—Microscopic cellular muscular Fibre—Its Mode of Action—Dependence on the Nerves of voluntary and involuntary Motion—How Exercise of Muscles quickens Circulation of the Blood, which maintains all the Processes of Life—Dependence of Equilibrium upon proper muscular Activity—Importance of securing Exercise that will interest the Mind 208 CHAPTER IX. HEALTHFUL FOOD AND DRINKS. Construction of the Body in Relation to Food—The Construction of a Kernel CHAPTER X. ON CLEANLINESS. Construction of the Skin—The secreting Organs—Care of the Skin 235 CHAPTER XI. CLOTHING. Construction of the Bones—Influence of Dress—Description of two Modes of Breathing, and the Effects of Weight and Tightness of Clothing—Proper Mode of sustaining the Clothing 243 CHAPTER XII. EARLY RISING. A Virtue peculiarly American and democratic—In aristocratic Countries, Labor considered degrading—The Hours of Sunlight generally devoted to Labor by the working Classes, and to Sleep by the indolent and wealthy—Sunlight necessary to Health and Growth, whether of Vegetables or Animals—Particularly needful for the Sick—Substitution of artificial Light and Heat by Night a great Waste of Money—Eight hours’ Sleep enough—Excessive Sleep debilitating—Early Rising necessary to a well-regulated Family, to the Amount of Work to be done to the Community, to Schools, and to all Classes in American Society 254 CHAPTER XIII. DOMESTIC MANNERS. Good Manners the Expression of Benevolence in personal Intercourse—Serious Defects in Manners of the Americans—Causes of peculiar Manners to be found in American Life—Want of clear Discrimination—Necessity for Distinctions of Superiority and Subordination—Importance that young Mothers should seriously endeavor to remedy this Defect while educating their Children—Democratic Principle of Equal Rights to be applied, not to our own Interests, but to those of others—The same Courtesy to be extended to all Classes—Necessary Distinctions arising from mutual Relations to be observed—The Strong to defer to the Weak—Precedence yielded by Men to Women in America—Good Manners must be cultivated in early Life—Mutual Relations of Husband and Wife—Parents and Children—The Rearing of Children to Courtesy—De Tocqueville on American Manners 260 CHAPTER XIV. THE PRESERVATION OF GOOD TEMPER IN THE HOUSEKEEPER. CHAPTER XV. HABITS OF SYSTEM AND ORDER. Relative Importance and Difficulty of the Duties a Woman is called to perform—Her Duties not trivial—A Habit of System and Order necessary—Right Apportionment of Time—General Principles—Christianity to be the Foundation—Intellectual and social Interests to be preferred to Gratification of Taste or Appetite—Neglect of Health a Sin in the Sight of God—Regular Season of Rest appointed by the Creator—Divisions of Time—Systematic Arrangement of house Articles and other Conveniences—Regular Employment for each Member of a Family—Children—Family Work—Forming Habits of System—Early Rising a very great Aid—Due Apportionment of Time to the several Duties 280 CHAPTER XVI. HEALTH OF MIND. Intimate Connection between the Body and Mind—Brain excited by improper Stimulants taken into the Stomach—Mental Faculties then affected—Causes of mental Disease—Want of oxygenized Blood—Fresh Air absolutely necessary—Excessive Exercise of the Intellect or Feelings—Such Attention to Religion as prevents the Performance of other Duties wrong—Unusual Precocity in Children usually the Result of a diseased Brain—Idiocy often the Result, or the precocious Child sinks below the Average of Mankind—This Evil yet prevalent in Colleges and other Seminaries—A medical Man necessary in every Seminary—Some Pupils always needing Restraint in regard to Study—A third Cause of mental Disease, the Want of appropriate Exercise of the various Faculties of the Mind—Extract from Dr. Combe—Beneficial Results of active intellectual Employments—Indications of a diseased Mind 293 CHAPTER XVII. CARE OF THE AGED. Preservation of the Aged, designed to give Opportunity for Self-denial and loving Care—Patience, Sympathy, and Labor for them to be regarded as Privileges in a Family—The Young should respect and minister unto the CHAPTER XVIII. CARE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Interesting Association of Animals with Man, from Childhood to Age—Domestic Animals apt to catch the Spirit of their Masters—Important Necessities—Good Feeding—Shelter—Cleanliness—Destruction of parasitic Vermin—Salt and Water—Light—Exercise—Rule for Breeding—Care of Horses: Feeding, Grooming, special Treatment—Cows: Stabling, Feed, Calving, Milking, Tethering—Swine: naturally cleanly, Breeding, fresh Water, Charcoal, Feeding—Sheep: winter Treatment—Diet—Sorting—Use of Sheep in clearing Land—Pasture—Hedges and Fences—Poultry—Turkeys—Geese—Ducks—Fowls—Dairy Work generally—Bees—Care of domestic Animals, Occupation for Women 305 CHAPTER XIX. CARE OF THE SICK. Prominence given to Care and Cure of the Sick by our Saviour—Every Woman should know what to do in the Case of Illness—Simple Remedies best—Fasting and Perspiration—Evils of Constipation—Modes of relieving it—Remedies for Colds—Unwise to tempt the Appetite of the Sick—Suggestion for the Sick-room—Ventilation—Needful Articles—The Room, Bed, and Person of the Patient to be kept neat—Care to preserve animal Warmth—The Sick, the Delicate, the Aged—Food always to be carefully prepared and neatly served—Little Modes of Refreshment—Implicit Obedience to the Physician—Care in purchasing Medicines—Exhibition of Cheerfulness, Gentleness, and Sympathy—Knowledge and Experience of Mind—Lack of competent Nurses—Failings of Nurses—Sensitiveness of the Sick—“Sisters of Charity,” the Reason why they are such excellent Nurses—Illness in the Family a providential Opportunity of training Children to Love and Usefulness 313 CHAPTER XX. FIRES AND LIGHTS. Management of Lamps and Candles 324 CHAPTER XXI. CARE OF ROOMS. Miscellaneous Advice as to Furniture, setting Tables, Packing, and Stowing—Rules for Washing, Carving, and Helping—Care of Chambers, Kitchen, and Cellar 330 CHAPTER XXII. CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS. Preparation of Soil—Making a Hot-bed—Re-potting—Laying out Yards and Gardens—Care of house Plants—Propagation of Plants—Ingrafting—Cultivation of Fruit by Women 349 CHAPTER XXIII. SEWING, CUTTING, AND FITTING. How to instruct in these Arts in common Schools 361 CHAPTER XXIV. ACCIDENTS AND ANTIDOTES. Treatment of the Drowned—Antidotes for Poisons—Conduct in Thunder-storms and Fires 366 CHAPTER XXV. RIGHT USE OF TIME AND PROPERTY. Meaning of the Word Right—How do Men decide what is wise, best, and right?—What is an intuitive Principle in all rational Minds—Who are called righteous and virtuous Men in all Nations and Ages—Effect of Danger in deciding what is right—The Law of Rectitude or Right—Distinction between emotive Love and voluntary Love illustrated by Christ’s Teachings and Example—Explanation of “Faith,” “Love,” and “Repentance,” as taught by Jesus Christ—The proportion of Time and Property required of the Jews—Illustrations of Christian Benevolence—Self-denying Benevolence happifying, and can be cultivated—Consideration of various Modes of Charity 370 CHAPTER XXVI. CARE OF INFANTS. Remarks of Herbert Spencer and Dr. Combe—Advice of medical Writers—Best Remedy for Fevers 390 CHAPTER XXVII. MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG CHILDREN. Physical Care—Intellectual Training—On cultivating Benevolence in Children—Sympathy with Little Ones important—Gentle tones best 401 CHAPTER XXVIII. FAMILY RELIGIOUS TRAINING. CHAPTER XXIX. CARE OF SERVANTS. Distinction between emotional and voluntary Love to others—This the Principle to guide in the Care of Servants—Ladies who do their own Work—Intelligence saves Labor—Benefits of domestic Labor—The Training of Servants a prime Duty of American Housekeepers—Modes of avoiding Difficulties—Rewards of benevolent Care here and in the Life to come 424 CHAPTER XXX. DOMESTIC AMUSEMENTS AND SOCIAL DUTIES. The only proper Object of Amusement—Various kinds that are safe, and others that are wrong, either in Quality or Excess—Hospitality 440 CHAPTER XXXI. LAWS OF HEALTH. The Laws of Health are Laws of God, and should be taught to all Children—Laws of Health for the Bones, Muscles, Lungs, Digestive Organs, Skin, Brain and Nerves, Teeth, Eyes, Hair, etc. 454 CHAPTER XXXII. COMFORT FOR A DISCOURAGED HOUSEKEEPER. Some of the great Trials of American Housekeepers enumerated—How to meet them with Comfort and Success 459 NOTE A 466 INDEX 473 THE |
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