anchor-buoys made of it, ib.;

Romans made soles of it, i. 322;

cork jackets, antiquity of, ib.;

ancient methods of closing up wine-casks and other vessels, i. 323;

cork stoppers, i. 324;

various substitutes for corks, i. 325, 326.

Corn-mills, i. 147;

earliest methods of grinding corn, ib.;

the oldest hand-mills, ib.;

cattle-mills, i. 148;

water-mills, i. 151;

mills constructed at Rome by Belisarius, i. 154;

invention of floating-mills, i. 155;

of wind-mills, i. 158;

difference between German and Dutch wind-mills, i. 160;

bolting-machinery, when invented, i. 161;

bolting-cloth, i. 162;

invention of barley-mills, i. 168;

anecdote of a feudal lord, i. 170.

Cryptography, when invented, i. 106.

Diamond, when first used for writing on glass, ii. 87.

Diving-bell, i. 111;

ancient divers, ib.;

principles explained, i. 113;

earliest use in Europe, ib.;

described by Lord Bacon, i. 115;

cannon fished up by it from the wreck of the Spanish Armada, ib.;

old inventions, i. 117;

Dr. Halley’s diving-bell, i. 118;

Triewald’s improvement, i. 119;

when employed in civil engineering, i. 121;

apparatus for walking at the bottom of the sea, i. 122.

Embroidery, antiquity of, i. 415.

Enamel, i. 132.

Etching on glass discovered by Henry Schwanhard, ii. 88;

process which he employed, ii. 89.

Etruscan vases, colours of, produced by calx of iron, ii. 239.

Exclusive privilege for printing books, ii. 518;

oldest privilege known, granted in 1490, ib.;

account of some granted in different countries, ii. 519, 520;

privileges granted in England, ii. 520;

in Spain, ii. 521.

Falconry, i. 198;

not a modern invention, i. 199;

birds of prey used in India and Thrace, i. 201;

employed also in Italy, ib.;

forbidden to the clergy in the sixth century, i. 203;

ancients bred other rapacious animals besides hawks, ib.;

falconry common in the twelfth century, ib.;

Frederick II. wrote a book upon it, ib.;

ladies formerly fond of falconry, i. 204;

oldest writers on this art, ib.

Fire-engines, ii. 245;

idea borrowed from the common pump, ib.;

sipho mentioned by Pliny, a fire-engine, ii. 246;

fire-engines at Rome, ii. 247;

in the East, engines employed to produce fires, ii. 249;

Greek fire, ib.;

fire-engines introduced into Germany uncertain, ii. 250;

first mentioned in the building accounts of Augsburg, ib.;

fire-engines at Nuremberg, ii. 251;

fire-engines very imperfect in the seventeenth century, ii. 252;

air-chamber, when added, ib.;

improved engines made by Leupold, ii. 253;

Dutch improvements, ii. does not occur in the Hanseatic maritime laws, ib.;

policies drawn up in 1523, still used in Leghorn, i. 237;

insurance-laws of the 16th and 17th centuries, i. 238;

invention of insurance against fire, i. 240;

insurance companies in England, i. 242–244.

Jackets, cork, of the ancients, i. 322.

Jugglers, ii. 115;

who comprehended under that title, ib.;

observations on their employment, ii. 115–119;

breathing out flames very ancient, ii. 119;

how performed, ib.;

deceptions with naphtha, ii. 120;

feats of Richardson with burning coals and melted lead, ii. 121;

feat with melted copper, ii. 122;

ancient Hirpi could walk through burning coals, ii. 123;

ordeal, a juggling trick of the priests, ib.;

secret of it disclosed, ii. 124;

exhibition with balls and cups mentioned by the ancients, ib.;

Von Eckeberg suffered large stones to be broken on his breast, ii. 126;

ancient rope-dancers, ib.;

feats of horsemanship came from the East, ii. 128;

performers at the Byzantine court, ib.;

Romans taught elephants to walk on a rope, ii. 129;

Sybarites taught horses to dance, ii. 130;

Wildman’s exhibition with bees, ib.;

puppets, ii. 132;

antiquity of automata, ii. 133;

tripods of Vulcan, ii. 134;

moving statues of DÆdalus, ib.;

pigeon of Archytas, ii. 135;

wooden eagle and iron fly of Regiomontanus, ib.;

automata of Vaucanson and Du Moulin, ii. 136, 137;

of De Gennes, ii. 137;

speaking machines, ii. 138–141;

Chinese shadows, ii. 141.

Kermes and cochineal, i. 385;

belong to the same genus, i. 386;

three kinds described, ib.;

places where the ancients collected them, i. 387;

still found in the Levant, i. 388;

French and Spanish kermes, ib.;

name given to them in the middle ages, i. 390;

how preserved at those periods, ib.;

when this dye was known in Germany, i. 391;

origin of the name kermes, i. 392;

discovery of American cochineal, i. 396;

disputes whether cochineal was insects or berries, i. 398;

real cochineal brought to St. Domingo, i. 399;

kermes early employed in the East to dye red, ib.;

derivation of the word scarlet, i. 400;

Drebbel discovered that a solution of tin produced with cochineal a beautiful scarlet colour, i. 402;

Gobelin improved the art of dyeing scarlet in France, i. 403;

first dye-house for scarlet in England established by a Fleming, ib.;

three kinds of cochineal in the English market, i. 404.

Kitchen vegetables, ii. 336;

bulbous roots, favourite dishes among the ancients, ii. 338;

some vegetables, formerly cultivated, now little esteemed, ib.;

borage not known to the ancients, ii. 339;

spinage, no traces of in the works of the ancients, ii. 340;

its native country unknown, ib.;

broccoli, known to the ancients, ii. 342;

species of the cabbage according to LinnÆan system, ii. adulteration of it, i. 180.

Sal-ammoniac, ii. 396;

whether known to the ancients, ii. 397;

first traces in the works of the Arabians, ii. 402;

recipe for its preparation, ii. 404;

invention of aqua regia, ii. 405;

obtained from Egypt, ib.;

brought also from the East Indies, ii. 406;

first works for making it in Europe, ib.

Saltpetre, gunpowder, aquafortis, ii. 482;

saltpetre, properties of, ii. 483;

native saltpetre, where found, ii. 484;

name nitrum, of great antiquity, ii. 487;

difference between mineral alkalies, when defined, ii. 489;

nitrum of the ancients an impure alkali, but not saltpetre, ii. 491;

was a real lixivious salt, ii. 492;

red nitrum, ii. 502;

saltpetre, when first mentioned, ii. 503;

gunpowder invented in India, ii. 505;

used by Indians and Arabians before Europeans, ii. 506;

first account of aquafortis, ib.;

said to have been employed at Venice for separating the noble metals, ii. 508;

saltpetre regale, ii. 509;

when abolished, ii. 511.

Saw-mills, i. 222;

ancient method of making boards, ib.;

our saw not known to the Americans, ib.;

by whom invented, i. 223;

bone of the saw-fish used by the old inhabitants of Madeira, i. 224;

ancient saws, i. 224, 225;

invention of saw-mills, i. 225;

the first saw-mills in Norway, i. 228;

first saw-mill in Holland, ib.;

the first in England erected by a Dutchman, i. 229;

saw-mill at Limehouse destroyed by the mob, ib.;

saw-mill at Leith in Scotland, i. 230.

Sealing-wax, i. 137;

substances used by the ancients, ib.;

wax employed in the earliest ages, i. 140;

red, green, and black sealing-wax, ib.;

impressions made on paste, i. 141;

how public acts have been forged, i. 143;

East Indian and Turkish sealing-wax, ib.;

oldest known seal on a letter written from London, i. 144;

oldest printed receipt for making sealing-wax, i. 145;

Spanish wax, i. 146;

antiquity of wafers, ib.

Ships at first were a kind of rafts, i. 455.

Sowing-machines, ii. 230;

Locatelli considered as the inventor, ii. 231;

his machine described by Evelyn, ii. 232;

honour of this invention disputed by the Italians, ii. 233.

Snow, used by the ancients for cooling liquors, ii. 142.

Soap, ii. 92;

invented by the Gauls, ib.;

used at Rome as a pomade, ii. 93;

Germans dyed their hair with it, ib.;

oldest method of washing, ii. 95;

alkaline water in Armenia, ib.;

urine employed for washing, ii. 97;

tax upon it, ii. 98;

saponaceous plants, ii. Printed by Richard and John E. Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Clyx.com