  The purpose of the present work has been to show not so much the identity of Christian and Muhammedan theories of life during the middle ages, as the parallel course of development common to both, and to demonstrate the fact that ideas could be transferred from one system to the other. Detail has been sacrificed to this general purpose. The brief outline of Muhammedan dogmatics and mysticism was necessary to complete the general survey of the question. Any one of these subjects, and the same is true as regards a detailed life of Muhammed, would require at least another volume of equal size for satisfactory treatment. The Oriental scholar will easily see where I base my statements upon my own researches and where I have followed Goldziher and Snouck. My chief source of information, apart from the six great books of tradition, has been the invaluable compilation of Soj[=u]t[=i], the great Kanz el-'Umm[=a]l (Hyderabad, 1314). To those who do not read Arabic may be recommended the French translation of the Boch[=a]r[=i], of which two volumes are now published: El-BokÂhri, les traditions islamiques traduites … par O. Houdas and W. MarÇais. Paris, 1906. Of general works dealing with the questions I have touched, the following, to which I owe a considerable debt, may be recommended:— J. Goldziher. Muhammedanische Studien, Halle, 1889 and following Die Religion des Islams (Kult. d. Gegenw., I, iii. 1). C. Snouck Hurgronje. De Islam (de Gids, 1886, us. 5 f.). Une nouvelle biographie de Mohammed (Rev. Hist. Relig., 1894). Leone Caetani di Teano. Annali dell' Islam. Milan, 1905 and following years. F. Buhl. Muhammed's Liv. Copenhagen, 1903. H. Grimme. Muhammed. Munich, 1904. J. Wellhausen. Das arabische Reich und sein Sturz. Berlin, 1902. Th. NÖldeke. Geschichte des QorÄns. Gottingen, 1860. (New edition by C.H. Becker. Die Kanzel im Kultus des alten Islam. Giessen, 1906. Papyri. Schott-Reinhardt, I. Heidelberg, 1906. Th. W. Juynboll. Handleidung tot de kennis van de Mohammedaansche T.J. de Boer. Geschichte der Philosophie in Islam. Stuttgart, 1901 D.B. Macdonald. Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and A. Merx. Idee und Grundlinien einer allgemeinen Geschichte der A. MÜller. Der Islam im Morgen- und Abendland (Oncken's collection). W. Riedel. Die Kirchenrechtsquellen des Patriarchats Alexandrien. G. Bruns and E. Sachau. Syrisch-rÖmisches Rechtsbuch. Leipsic, 1880. E. Sachau. Syrische RechtsbÜcher, I. Berlin, 1907. E. Zachariae v. Lingenthal. Geschichte des griechisch-rÖmischen H. v. Eicken. Geschichte und System der mittelalterlichen W. Windelband. Lehrbuck der Geschichte der Philosophie. 4th ed., C. Baeumker und G. v. Hertling. BeitrÄge zur Geschichte der G. Gothein. Ignatius von Loyola und die Gegenreformation. Halle, In conclusion, I may mention two works, which deal with the subject of this volume, but from a different standpoint:— H.P. Smith. The Bible and Islam (The Ely Lectures for 1897). W.A. Shedd. Islam and the Oriental Churches (Philadelphia, 1904). ***** Produced by Luiz Antonio de Souza and PG Distributed Proofreaders Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. - You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. 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