CONTENTS

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Introduction 3

WOMAN IN THE PAST.

  • Chapter I.The Position of Woman in Primeval Society 9
    • 1. Chief Epochs of Primeval History 9
    • 2. Family Forms 14
    • 3. The Matriarchate 20
  • Chapter II.Conflict between Matriarchate and Patriarchate 28
    • 1. Rise of the Patriarchate 28
    • 2. Traces of the Matriarchate in Greek Myths and Dramas 34
    • 3. Legitimate Wives and Courtesans in Athens 37
    • 4. Remnants of the Matriarchate in the Customs of Various Nations 44
    • 5. Rise of the State—Dissolution of the Gens in Rome 50
  • Chapter III.Christianity 56
  • Chapter IV.Woman in the Mediaeval Age 63
    • 1. The Position of Women among the Germans 63
    • 2. Feudalism and the Right of the First Night 66
    • 3. The Rise of Cities—Monastic Affairs—Prostitution 69
    • 4. Knighthood and the Veneration of Women 75
  • Chapter V.The Reformation 78
    • 1. Luther 78
    • 2. Results of the Reformation—The Thirty Years’ War 83
  • Chapter VI.The Eighteenth Century 88
    • 1. Court Life in Germany 88
    • 2. Commercialism and the New Marriage Laws 90
    • 3. The French Revolution and the Rise of Industry 93

WOMAN AT THE PRESENT DAY.

  • Chapter VII.Woman as a Sex Being 96
    • 1. The Sexual Impulse 96
    • 2. Celibacy and the Frequency of Suicide 100
  • Chapter VIII.Modern Marriage 104
    • 1. Marriage as a Profession 104
    • 2. Decline of the Birthrate 106
    • 3. Mercenary Marriage and the Matrimonial Market 110
  • Chapter IX.Disruption of the Family 116
    • 1. Increase of Divorce 116
    • 2. Bourgeois and Proletarian Marriage 124
  • Chapter X.Marriage as a Means of Support 132
    • 1. Decline of the Marriage Rate 132
    • 2. Infanticide and Abortion 135
    • 3. Education for Marriage 140
    • 4. The Misery of Present Day Marriages 147
  • Chapter XI.The Chances of Matrimony 153
    • 1. The Numerical Proportion of the Sexes 153
    • 2. Obstacles to Marriage—The Excess of Women 164
  • Chapter XII.Prostitution a Necessary Social Institution of Bourgeois Society 174
    • 1. Prostitution and Society 174
    • 2. Prostitution and the State 178
    • 3. The White Slave Trade 188
    • 4. The Increase of Prostitution—Illegitimate Motherhood 193
    • 5. Crimes Against Morality and Sexual Diseases 204
  • Chapter XIII.Woman in Industry 209
    • 1. Development and Extension of Female Labor 209
    • 2. Factory Work of Married Women—Sweatshop Labor and Dangerous Occupations 222
  • Chapter XIV.The Struggle of Women for Education 233
    • 1. The Revolution in Domestic Life 233
    • 2. The Intellectual Abilities of Women 239
    • 3. Differences in Physical and Mental Qualities of Man and Woman 245
    • 4. Darwinism and the Condition of Society 253
    • 5. Woman and the Learned Professions 258
  • Chapter XV.The Legal Status of Women 272
    • 1. The Struggle for Equality Before the Law 272
    • 2. The Struggle for Political Equality 280

THE STATE AND SOCIETY.

  • Chapter XVI.The Class-State and the Modern Proletariat 307
    • 1. Our Public Life 307
    • 2. Aggravation of Social Extremes 315
  • Chapter XVII.The Process of Concentration in Capitalistic Industry 319
    • 1. The Displacement of Agriculture by Industry 319
    • 2. Increasing Pauperization—Preponderance of Large Industrial Establishments 323
    • 3. Concentration of Wealth 333
  • Chapter XVIII.Crisis and Competition 338
    • 1. Causes and Effects of the Crises 338
    • 2. Intermediate Trade and the Increased Cost of Living 343
  • Chapter XIX.The Revolution in Agriculture 347
    • 1. Transatlantic Competition and Desertion of the Country 347
    • 2. Peasants and Great Landowners 349
    • 3. The Contrast Between City and Country 358

THE SOCIALIZATION OF SOCIETY.

  • Chapter XX.The Social Revolution 363
    • 1. The Transformation of Society 363
    • 2. Expropriation of the Expropriators 366
  • Chapter XXI.Fundamental Laws of Socialistic Society 370
    • 1. Duty to Work of All Able-bodied Persons 370
    • 2. Harmony of Interests 375
    • 3. Organization of Labor 380
    • 4. The Growth of the Productivity of Labor 383
    • 5. Removal of the Contrast between Mental and Manual Work 392
    • 6. Increase of Consumption 396
    • 7. Equal Duty to Work for All 399
    • 8. Abolition of Trade—Transformation of Traffic 405
  • Chapter XXII.Socialism and Agriculture 407
    • 1. Abolition of the Private Ownership of Land 407
    • 2. The Amelioration of Land 409
    • 3. Changed Methods of Farming 414
    • 4. Agriculture on a Large and Small Scale—Electric Appliances 415
    • 5. Vine-Culture of the Future 424
    • 6. Measures to Prevent Exhaustion of the Soil 427
    • 7. Removal of the Contrast between City and Country 431
  • Chapter XXIII.Abolition of the State 434
  • Chapter XXIV.The Future of Religion 437
  • Chapter XXV.The Socialist System of Education 440
  • Chapter XXVI.Literature and Art in Socialistic Society 451
  • Chapter XXVII.Free Development of Individuality 455
    • 1. Freedom from Care 455
    • 2. Changes in the Methods of Nutrition 457
    • 3. The Communistic Kitchen 461
    • 4. Transformation of Domestic Life 463
  • Chapter XXVIII.Woman in the Future 466
  • Chapter XXIX.Internationality 473
  • Chapter XXX.The Question of Population and Socialism 478
    • 1. Fear of Over-Population 478
    • 2. Production of Over-Population 481
    • 3. Poverty and Fecundity 484
    • 4. Lack of Human Beings and Abundance of Food 487
    • 5. Social Conditions and Reproductive Ability 494

Conclusion 500

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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