1“Chron. Guill. de Nangis,” t. ii. p. 94. SociÉtÉ de l’histoire de France.

2“Les Grandes Chron.,” confirment la leÇon in gallo, mais donnent deux vers un peu diffÉrents.

3Charles de Valois had three wives and fourteen children; two or three of his daughters were named Isabelle. One married Robert d’Artois. Sainte-Marthe says the marriage of Pierre and Isabelle took place in 1322, in her early childhood; but other historians, with more probability, place it in 1332.

4It is difficult to reconcile the conflicting dates given by historians. There is no doubt that Jeanne was the eldest daughter, yet some place her birth in 1337; and the second daughter Blanche, who in that case would not have been born till 1338, is nevertheless declared to have been sixteen years old when she became Queen of Spain, 1352, which is manifestly impossible.

5There seems to be some doubt about Isabelle, as we hear nothing about her in after life. One historian confuses her with her sister MarguÉrite; another states that she married one Guillaume, Sire de Mello; others that she died unmarried; most do not mention her at all. If she ever existed she most probably died in childhood.

6The Counts of Savoy were, as is well known, ancestors of the Kings of Italy.

7Only the children of the King and the heir-apparent were called “Enfants de France.” It was for centuries later the rule that only the Enfants de France might ride or drive into the Louvre, Palais, HÔtel St. Paul, Tournelles, or any royal palace. Princes of the blood must get down at the door, nobles in the street. (De Sauval.)

8“Grandes Chroniques,” t. vi. p. 2.

9“Grandes Chroniques,” t. vi. p. 2. M. Paulin Paris remarks that the distinction here made between the gens de mÉtier, or workmen, and bourgeois, or burghers, sufficiently proves the existence of the latter as a class.

10Mariana, “EspaÑa.”

11MorÈry, “Grand dictionnaire historique,” 1699.

12“Grandes Chroniques de France,” t. vi. p. 35, Paulin Paris.

13The northern part of France was the Langue d’oil, the southern the Langue d’oc, so called from the languages spoken there.

14Sismondi, “Hist. France,” t. vii. p. 78.

15“Hist. de la Jacquerie,” chap. ii. p. 31. SimÉon Luce.

16“Grandes Chroniques de France,” Paulin Paris, t. vi. p. 110.

17SimÉon de Luce, “Guerre de cent ans.”

18“Hist. de la Jacquerie,” SimÉon Luce.

19“Hist. de la Jacquerie,” SimÉon Luce.

20“Hist. de la Jacquerie,” p. 135, SimÉon Luce.

21This is the first time the white banner appears in French history.

22“Hist. de la Jacquerie,” p. 140. SimÉon Luce.

23SimÉon de Luce.

24“Sire, vous etes le plus gentilhomme du monde, ne souffrÉs pas que gentillesse soit mise À nÉant. Si ceste gent qui ce dient Jacques durent longuement, et les bonne villes soient de leur aide, ilz mettront gentillesse au nÉant et du tout destruiront” (“Hist. Jacquerie,” SimÉon Luce; et “Chronique des quatre premiers Valois”).

25Sismondi.

26A gold florin was worth twenty francs.

27The “Grandes Chroniques de France” place this marriage in October, 1359.

28The guild or confraternity of tailors and dressmakers of Paris.

“Item. Que quiconque sera tailleur de robes À Paris, et il mestaille une robe ou une garnement par mal ordonner le drap au tailler, ou par l’ignorance de sa taille, le meffait et dommaige sera veu et regardÉ par ledis maistres; et s’ilz rapportent que la robe ou garnement soit empirÉ par mestaille ou par la coulpe du tailleur, le tailleur rendra le dommaige À celui À qui la robe ou le garnement sera; et y paiera cinq solz d’amende, dont les trois seront au roy, et les deux À la dicte confrairie.”

29“Item. Que nul ne mectent lay ne estouppes en doublet qu’il face pour vendre; et qui fera le contraire; le doublet sera ars, et paiera six solz d’amende au roy, et quatre solz À la confrairie.

“Estouppe Était probablement chanvre, filasse, lin.”

30Bonne villes, i.e., fortified towns.

31“Grandes Chroniques de France.”

32“Grandes Chroniques de France.”

33Sainte-Marthe.

34“... ma il drappo sopra capo non sofferse, e cosÌ stette infino che fu sposata; e da quel punto dinnanzi posto in oltre la reale dignitÀ e nobilitÀ di sangue, reverenza fece a messer Galeazzo e a messer Barnabo e alle donne loro.”

35Sainte-Marthe.

36Loggie are arcaded galleries, terraces or balconies generally to be seen in Italian palaces or houses of any antiquity. The vulgar and tasteless buildings that now disfigure modern Italy are frequently without them.

37De MÉzeray.

38Bonne de France died November 7, 1360. “Item, le jeudi 12 Novembre furent enterrÉes les deux filles du duc de Normandie À Saint Antoine prÈs de Paris, et fu present le dit duc À l’enterrage moult courrouciÉ qui plus n’avait d’enfants.”

39Dulaure, “Hist. Paris.”

40“Hist. du CÉrÉmonial FranÇais,” Godefroy.

41Soon afterwards released.

42Guizot, “Hist. France,” t. ii. p. 179.

43“TrÉsor des Chartes,” No. 386, p. 221.

44Dreux du Radier, “Reines et Regentes.”

45There is also a letter of his son Charles VI.

46De Sauval, “Sablier.”

47“Environs de Paris,” Nodier.

48Sauval, “Antiquitez de Paris.”

49“BibliothÈque du Roy,” FÉlibien.

50FÉlibien.

51Douet d’Arcq.

52“Grandes Chroniques de France.”

53De MÉzeray, “Hist. France.”

54“Archives Nat. de Bourbon,” No. 1,409.

55“Paris in its Old and Present Times,” p. 157. Hamerton.

56“Antiquitez de Paris,” Sauval.

57“Paris À Travers les Ages,” Fourmier et Hoffbauer.

58“Comptes du vieux Louvre. Topographie historique du vieux Paris.” A. Berty et Tisserand.

59“Comptes du vieux Louvre. Topographie historique du vieux Paris.”

60“Paris À Travers les Ages,” Fourmier et Hoffbauer.

61Documents inÉdits, 3^me serie: ArchÉologie.

62Documents inedits, 3^me serie: ArchÉologie.

63“Grandes Chroniques de France,” t. vi. p. 251.

64“Queens of England,” A. Strickland, vol. ii. p. 345.

65Christine de Pisan.

66“Grandes Chroniques de France,” t. vi. p. 267.

67Idem.

68MarguÉrite de Bourbon.

69“Grandes Chroniques de France.”

70“Chron. de Bertrand du Guesclin,” Cuvelier, 14th century.

71Martin, “Hist. France.”

72Sauval.

73AbbÉ Choisy, “Hist. Charles V.”

74Montfaucon, “Monuments de la Monarchie franÇaise.”

75Some doubt has been thrown on the certainty of this occurrence, but an ancient chronicler of Du Guesclin gives an account which confirms the fact of the keys being laid on the coffin of the dead hero. (Guizot, “Hist. France,” t. ii. p. 201.)

76“Chronique des quatre premiers Valois.”

77He had couriers who rode night and day and brought him news from a distance of eighty leagues on the following day. (Martin, “Hist. France.”)

78“Hist. CÉrÉmonial FranÇais.” T. Godefroy.

79Christine de Pisan.

80Documents inÉdits.

81“Grandes Chroniques de France.”

82“... en leur hostel avoit estÉ norry en sa jeunesse et que moult de biens luy avoient fais.”

83“C’estoit piteuse chose À regarder.”

84“Grandes Chroniques de France,” t. vi. p. 401.

85De MÉzeray.

86“Baierischen Geschichten,” Heinrich Zschokke.

87The house of Wittelsbach claims descent from Charlemagne. The Kings of Bavaria descend from Johann, or John of Munich the third brother.

88“Chronique de Flandre.”

89“Antiquitez de Paris,” t. i. p. 667. De Sauval.

90“Chronique de Flandre.”

91Froissart.

92Christine de Pisan.

93“La Vie politique de Louis de France, Duc d’OrlÉans,” Jarry.

94Christine de Pisan.

95“Chronique du religieux de St. Denis,” t. i. p. 25.

96Froissart.

97“Relig. du St. Denis.”

98“Comptes de l’hÔtel de la reine Isabeau de BaviÈre. DoÜet d’Arcq, Archives de l’empire.”

99The Princess Catherine died in childhood.

100It is true that the Valois were strictly speaking CapÉtiens also; but the elder line are generally known as the CapÉtiens and the younger as the Valois Dukes.

101Froissart.

102“Ducs de Bourbon et Comtes de Forez,” J. de la Mure. Notes, Steyert.

103BrantÔme.

104Relig. de St. Denis, trad., Bellaguet, t. i. livre vii., p. 459.

105Juvenal des Ursins.

106“Isabeau de BaviÈre, Étude historique,” Vallet de Viriville, p. 8.

107“Comment discerner les styles, le costume et la mode du viii. au xix. siÈcle,” L. Roger-MilÉs.

108“Comment discerner les Styles,” etc. L. Roger MilÉs.

109Ibid.

110“Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne,” t. ii. p. 161. Barante.

111De Sauval, &c.

112“Grand Dictionnaire Historique: pÈre Louis Morery, prÊtre, docteur en thÉologie,” pub. Thierry, Rue St. Jacques, devant les Mathurius, 1699, t. iv. This name, when quoted by some writers, is spelt “MorÈri.”

113With this account of St. Denis in mediÆval France, let us compare the following account of it in modern France:—

“Most of these persons were still drunk, with the brandy they had swallowed out of chalices—eating mackerel on the patenas! Mounted on asses, which were housed with priests’ cloaks, they reined them with priests’ stoles; they held clutched with the same hand communion-cup and sacred wafer. They stopped at the doors of dram-shops; held out ciboriums: and the landlord, stoup in hand, had to fill them thrice. Next came mules high-laden with crosses, chandeliers, censers, holy-water vessels, hyssops; recalling to mind the priests of Cybele, whose panniers, filled with the instruments of their worship, served at once as storehouse, sacristy, and temple. In such equipage did these profaners advance towards the Convention. They enter there, in an immense train, ranged in two rows; all masked like mummers in fantastic sacerdotal vestments; bearing on hand-barrows their heaped plunder—ciboriums, suns, candelabras, plates of gold and silver.... Not untouched with liquor, they crave to dance the Carmagnole also on the spot: whereto an exhilarated Convention cannot but accede.... Several members, quitting their curule chairs, took the hand of girls flaunting in priests’ vestures, and danced the Carmagnole along with them. Such Old-Hallowtide have they in this year once named of Grace, 1793” (“French Revolution,” Carlyle, vol. iii. p. 193).

114“Au cloistre d’icelle maison royale se voit un bassin de fontaine fort ancien et admirable pour estre grand et d’une piÉce, et relevÉ tout À l’entour de figures qui representent quelques fables des dieux paiens” (PÈre du Breul).

115“Ils souillÈrent la saintetÉ de la maison religieuse” (“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. x. p. 599).

116“Vie politique de Louis de France,” &c., Jarry.

117“Isabeau de BaviÈre,” Vallet de Viriville, p. 13.

118“Madame et cousine, je fairay volontiers ce dont vous me priez. Car j’y suis tenus par lignage, et pour ce vostre fille ma cousine je garderay, et penseray bien d’elle comme si ce fust ma propre fille ...” (“L’Art de vÉrifier les dates,” t. 10, p. 145).

119“Valentine Visconti,” Mary Robinson, Fortnightly Review.

120“Valentine Visconti,” Mary Robinson, Fortnightly Review.

121Blanche de Navarre. “Lives of the Early Valois Queens,” to which this volume is a sequel.

122“Relig. de St. Denis”; Froissart.

123“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. x. p. 615.

124“Antiquitez de Paris.” De Sauval.

125“Savoisy, je te pris tant que je puis, que tu montes sur un bon cheval et je monterai derriÈre toi et nous nous habillerons tellement qu’on ne nous connoistra point et nous allons voir l’entrÉe de ma femme.”

126“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. x. p. 609; also Juvenal des Ursins and Froissart.

127De Sauval.

128“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. x. p. 627.

129“Archives de l’Art FranÇais, 1858,” p. 342 et suivantes. “Isabeau de BaviÈre,” Vallet de Viriville.

130Ibid.

131“Histoire des Ducs de Bourbon, Comtes de Forez,” La Mure.

132Juvenal des Ursins, p. 83.

133“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xi. p. 685.

134“Antiquitez de Paris,” De Sauval.

135“Hist. de la maison de France,” Sainte-Marthe, t. 1. p. 675.

136“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xiii. p. 63.

137Froissart, t. xiii. c. 27, p. 45.

138“Comment! vous voulez donc m’enlever, monseigneur?” “Nenni, Madame, À Dieu ne plaise; je n’oserai seulement pas y penser.” “C’est vrai, je sais tout et suis bien informÉe; monseigneur vous aime et vous l’aimez, la chose va mÊme si loin qu’il vous a promis 1,000 Écus d’or. Mais vous avez refusÉ, et vous avez fait sagement. Je vous pardonne pour cette fois et vous dÉfends, si vous tenez À la vie d’avoir dÉsormais nul entretien avec monseigneur” (“Ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois,” Barante).

139Froissart, t. xiii. c. 28, p. 38 to 61. “Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xii. c. i. p. 214. Juvenal des Ursins, p. 88.

140“Regardez mon connÉtable, et sachez me dire ce qu’il y a À craindre, etc.” (“Ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois,” p. 341.)

141“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xiv. Juvenal des Ursins, p. 91.

142Froissart; “Relig. de St. Denis,” &c.

143“Chronique de Flandre.”

144Froissart, xiii. c. 50, p. 102. “Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xii. c. 4, p. 221. Juvenal des Ursins, p. 91.

145“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xiv. p. 95.

146Juvenal des Ursins, p. 91.

147Juvenal des Ursins, p. 91.

148“Chronique de Flandre.”

149Ibid.

150“Chronique de Flandre.” Froissart. Paradin.

151“Chronique de Flandre.”

152A curious relic of this ancient custom still survives in villages in the west of England, where, after the marriage of a widow or widower, the villagers will sometimes assemble at night outside their house blowing horns, beating drums, and making hideous noises.

153The “Religieux de St. Denis” says this ball was at the hÔtel St. Paul; but Juvenal des Ursins, who from his position at Court was certain to have known where it took place, and was most likely himself at the ball, declares it was at the hÔtel de la Reine Blanche, we will therefore accept his authority, which De Sauval considers conclusive.

154Froissart, t. xiii. c. 32, p. 240. “Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xii. c. 9, p. 255. Juvenal des Ursins, p. 93. Monstrelet, t. i. pp. 312 and 423. Also Barante, “Ducs de Bourgogne,” t. ii. p. 197.

155“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xiv. p. 93.

156Sismondi.

157“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xv. c. 14, p. 324.

158Juvenal des Ursins. The “Relig. de St. Denis” relates this ghostly story, but places it in 1397.

159It was the “Chroniques de France.” Philippe de Bourgogne, like all his brothers, was a collector of books, manuscripts, and objects of art.

160“Relig. de St. Denis,” t. xvi. p. 407.

161“Diabolicum recitas et quod est impossibile,” Valentine Visconti, M. Robinson, Fortnightly Review. Gian Galeazzo bought the title of Duke from the Emperor, 1395.

162Froissart.

163“Relig. de St. Denis,” l. xvii. p. 465.

164“Relig. de St. Denis,” l. xvii. p. 469. Froissart.

165Barante, “Ducs de Bourgogne.”

166“Les demandes du roi Charles VI. avec les rÉponses de Pierre Salmon, son sÉcrÉtaire et intime.” “D’aprÈs les Manuscrits de la BibliothÈque du Roi,” p. 17. Salmon was one of these attendants. The Minutes of the Council contain a long list of the French members of Isabelle’s household returning with her some years afterwards to France.

167Planche, “Hist. de Bourg.,” l. xiv. c. 150, p. 147.

168“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xvii. p. 483.

169Ibid.

170“Relig. de St. Denis.”

171“Relig. de St. Denis.”

172“Relig. de St. Denis.”

173Ibid.

174“Isabeau de BaviÈre,” Vallet de Viriville.

175“Isabeau de BaviÈre,” Vallet de Viriville.

176Idem.

177“Isabeau de BaviÈre,” Vallet de Viriville.

178“PoÉsies d’Eustache Deschamps.”

179“An Idler in Old France,” Tighe Hopkins.

180I do not, of course, mean to say that the Roman baths were destroyed by the early Christians.

181Vallet de Viriville.

182De Sauval, “Antiquitez de Paris.”

183“The MediÆval City. The Transformation of Paris,” F. Harrison.

184The hospice of Quinze-Vingts was founded by St. Louis for the blind. A tradition, which is not considered true, says it was so named from three hundred knights who were blinded by the infidels for the Christian faith. They had a cemetery, chapel, chaplain, and two bells, and bore the fleur-de-lis, being a royal foundation. A tavern keeper in Paris having adopted the sign of the “Quinze-Vingts,” they complained to the provost, who ordered him to give it up.

185“Antiquitez de Paris.” Sauval.

186“Relig. de St. Denis.” Juvenal des Ursins.

187Sismondi.

188Froissart, t. xiv. c. 69, p. 155.

189Strickland, “Queens of England,” vol. iii. p. 25.

190Sismondi, “Hist. FranÇais,” t. viii. p. 125.

191“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xx. p. 745.

192Juvenal des Ursins.

193“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxi. p. 771, t. ii.

194The whole history of it may be read in ancient French chronicles, Juvenal des Ursins, Paradin, &c.

195“Compte de l’hÔtel de la reine Isabeau de BaviÈre,” 1401. “Archives de l’Empire.” “Registre CÔtÉ,” R.K. 45, fol. 87 À 101. DoÜet d’Arcq.

196Vallet de Viriville.

197“Compte de l’hÔtel de la reine Isabeau de BaviÈre,” 1401. “Archives de l’Empire.” “Registre CÔtÉ,” R.K. 45, fol. 87 À 101. DoÜet d’Arcq.

198“Relig. de St. Denis,” t. iii. l. xxii. p. 7.

199Plancher, “Hist. de Bourg.,” l. xiv. p. 182.

200“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxi. c. 4, p. 442. Juvenal des Ursins.

201“Compte de l’hÔtel de la reine Isabeau de BaviÈre,” 1401. “Archives de l’Empire.” “Registre CÔtÉ,” R.K. 45, fol. 87 À 101. DoÜet d’Arcq.

202“Relig. de St. Denis,” t. iii. l. xxii. p. 9. Another account says the Queen was in bed at the time, but escaped unhurt.

203Aquitaine was beginning to be called Guyenne about this time.

204Monstrelet, “Chronique,” t. i. p. 89. Barante, “Ducs de Bourg.,” t. ii. p. 17.

205Sismondi.

206“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxiv. c. 8, p. 493. Monstrelet, c. xiii. p. 126.

207“Isabeau de BaviÈre,” Vallet de Viriville.

208“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxvi. p. 275.

209Ibid., liv. xxvi. p. 281.

210“Relig. de St. Denis.” Juvenal des Ursins.

211“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxvi. p. 283.

212“Relig. de St. Denis.”

213“Early Valois Queens.”

214“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxvi. p. 295.

215“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxvi. p. 331.

216Juvenal des Ursins, p. 177.

217Juvenal des Ursins.

218Many historians make out Isabelle and Charles to have been younger, which is impossible, as she was born in November, 1388, and he in May, 1391.

219“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxvii. p. 397.

220“Relig. de St. Denis.”

221It was the custom to use mules to go about in the town, also for two to ride the same horse on these occasions.

222FÉlibien, Monstrelet, Paradin, “Relig. de St. Denis,” &c.

223De MÉzeray, Monstrelet, FÉlibien, &c.

224The hÔtels of princes of the blood were sanctuary, as well as the churches.

225Vallet de Viriville.

226Sismondi, “Hist. France.”

227“Lives of the Early Valois Queens,” Catherine Bearne, p. 8.

228The Yorkists claimed the crown of England by a marriage with the heiress of the elder line, i.e., of Lionel.

229Monstrelet, “Chronique,” t. i. c. 43, p. 165.

230Monstrelet, c. 37, p. 229. “Relig. de St. Denis.” The Duke of Burgundy before an assembly of princes boldly tried to justify the murder, and employed a friar to speak for that purpose. Charles was induced in his weak state to sign letters of pardon for him.

231“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxviii. p. 749.

232Ibid., liv. xxix. p. 59.

233“Isabeau de BaviÈre,” p. 15, Vallet de Viriville.

234Before the final expulsion of the English, Aquitaine was gradually taking the name of Guyenne. But, when it became the settled name, Guyenne did not include Gascony, Limousin, Saintonge, Anjoumois, and Poitou.

235“Relig. de St. Denis.”

236Historians differ as to what this meant.

237Paradin, “Annales de Bourgogne,” liv. iii. p. 518.

238Juvenal des Ursins.

239Jeanne de Navarre, mother of the Duc de Bretagne, had, as a widow, become the wife of Henry IV. of England.

240Monstrelet, “Chron.,” 1. ii. p. 96, Édition Buchon.

241Idem.

242M. de Maulde de ClaviÈre, however, in his interesting history of Louis XII., son of Charles, says that, with respect to the second at any rate of these poems, it is not known for whom it was meant, it was written during his captivity in England. There is, however, no reason why it should not have been about Isabelle.

243Monstrelet, “Chroniques,” c. lxv. p. 81, Édition DoÜet d’Arcq.

244“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxxi. p. 333.

245La Mure, “Hist. Ducs de Bourgogne, &c.”

246Paradin, “Annales de Bourgogne,” liv. iii. p. 560.

247Paradin. “Relig. de St. Denis.” Monstrelet.

248Paradin.

249Paradin. “Relig. de St. Denis.”

250“Relig. de St. Denis,” xxxvi. 587.

251“Chronique de Flandre.” Monstrelet, “Chron.,” c. cxliii. p. 85.

252Juvenal des Ursins, p. 330.

253“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxxv. p. 1002.

254Monstrelet, “Chron.,” c. cxliii. p. 85.

255Monstrelet, c. cxlvii. p. 102.

256The battle of Azincourt was the last at which the Oriflamme appeared.

257Monstrelet.

258“Le FÈvre St. Remi,” t. viii. c. 61, p. 1. Monstrelet.

259Sismondi in the account he gives of this battle says that Le FÈvre Saint-Remi who writes of it was himself present, and to him most of these details are owing. The description of it is also given by the “Relig. de St. Denis,” Monstrelet, Juvenal des Ursins, Pierre Fenin, Barante, Walsingham, and others.

260“Mem. Sire de St. Remi, ed. Buchon,” t. viii. p. 27.

261“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxxv., c. 9, p. 1016. Monstrelet, c. clxiv. p. 168. “Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris,” p. 210. Paradin, Juvenal des Ursins, &c.

262“Chronique de Flandre.” “Messager des sciences historiques de la Belgique,” 1887.

263“Relig. de St. Denis,” t. vi. liv. xxxvii. p. 61.

264“Messager des Sciences historiques de la Belgique,” Leopold de Villers, 1887.

265“Chronique de Flandre,” “Relig. de St. Denis,” Monstrelet, Juvenal des Ursins, Paradin, De MÉzeray, &c.

266“Relig. de St. Denis.”

267“Relig. de St. Denis,” liv. xxxix. p. 283.

268De MÉzeray, p. 1023. Monstrelet, c. ccvii., p. 322.

269“Chronique anonyme.” BibliothÈque imperiale.

270“Relig. de St. Denis.”

271Ibid.

272Strickland, “Queens of England,” vol. iii. p. 135. Katherine de Valois.

273“Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris,” p. 148.

274“Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris.”

275Monstrelet.

276T. Chastier, t. i. p. 211.

277Except his eldest daughter in after years, for whom he had a strong affection.

278Sainte-Marthe. Hilarion de la Coste. MorÈry, Grand Dictionnaire. Lobineau, “Hist. Bretagne,” t. i. p. 727.

279About a game of paume. Commines, Bellefont, &c.

280De Maulde La ClaviÈre. Louis XII. t. i. p. 115.

281Lobineau, “Hist. Bretagne,” t. i. p. 745.

282Lobineau, “Hist. Bretagne,” t. i. p. 790.

283D’ArgentrÉ.

284Lobineau, “Hist. Bret.,” t. i. p. 796.

285Ibid., t. i. pp. 798, 807, 808.

286Philippe de Commines. “MÉm.” t. ii. p. 241, note 1, Édition Dupont. L’Art de VÉrifier les dates.

287Le Roux de Lincy.

288Jean Molinet, “Chroniques,” t. iv. p. 577.

289“Revue des provinces de l’Ouest,” Juillet, 1854, p. 235.

290Dom Morice; Lobineau, “Hist. Bretagne,” t. ii. col. 1550.

291Commines.

292Ibid.

293Le Roux de Lincy, “Anne de Bretagne,” t. i. p. 133.

294BrantÔme, “Dames illustres,” t. v. p. 4.

295De Maulde-la-ClaviÈre, “Louis XII.,” t. ii. p. 272.

296Commines; BrantÔme, t. ii. p. 19, ed. Petitot.

297Villeneuve, “Mem. Anne de Bretagne,” p. 246.

298Commines, Villeneuve, Godefroy, &c.

299Villeneuve, “Mem.,” p. 246.

300Godefroy, “Hist. Charles VIII.,” p. 745.

301Dom Lobineau, t. i. p. 823.

302BrantÔme, “Hommes illustres,” t. ii. p. 59.

303Touchard Lafosse.

304Biblio. Imp., fonds BÉthune, MS. 8465, fol. 10, recto (Le Roux de Lincy).

305Douey d’Attichy, “Madame Jeanne de France de Valois,” &c., p. 143.

306MorÉry.

307BrantÔme, “Capitaines Étrangers,” t. l. p. 404.

308“Etat de la maison d’Anne de Bretagne,” p. 708. “Hist. Charles VIII.” Godefroy.

309Tomasi, “Bibliophile Jacob, Hist. xvi. SiÈcle,” i. p. 176. Le Roux de Lincy.

310Sainte-Marthe, t. ii. p. 620. De Seyssel.

311De MÉzeray.

312The buildings were sold in 1542 and pulled down; scarcely a trace remains of them except a tower at the corner of the rue St. Paul, which may have belonged to one.

313Le Roux de Lincy.

314Hilarion, de la Coste.

315Guizot, “Hist. France,” t. ii. p. 505.

316Jean d’Auton.

317De MÉzeray.

318BrantÔme, “Dames illustres,” t. v. p. 8.

319MusÉe des Souverains, Louvre.

320Roger-MilÉs, “Comment discerner les styles,” &c.

321Godefroy, “Ceremonial franÇais.”

322Ibid.

323Lobineau.

324BrantÔme, D’ArgentrÉ, Jean d’Auton.

325“L’Art de vÉrifier les dates.”

326“Jean de Saint Gelais.”

327Le Roux de Lincy.

328Spinola was one of the four great Genoese families allowed to build their palaces of striped black and white marble. The others were Grimaldi, Fieschi, and Doria.

329Le Roux de Lincy.

330Ibid.

331These valuable letters were first published by M. Le Roux de Lincy in his work on Anne de Bretagne; they belonged to the collection Lajariette.

332De MÉzeray, “Hist. France,” p. 375.

333Dane, “Hist. Bretagne,” t. iii. p. 242; Henault, Ste.-Marthe.

334Letter preserved in Archives of ChÂteau de Marcoussy.

335Archives of Monastery of Marcoussy, “Histoire manuscrites des convent et des seigneurs de Marcoussy &c.,” given by M. Le Roux de Lincy.

336BibliothÈque Imperiale. MS. 8457, fol. 5, given by Le Roux de Lincy.

337Jean d’Auton.

338Guizot, “Hist. France,” t. ii. p. 520. Henault, Sainte-Marthe.

339Touchard-Lafosse, “Hist. Blois.” St. Gelais.

340“Revue des deux Mondes,” 1 Mai, 1885.

341“La SociÉtÉ provenÇale, À la fin du Moyen Age.”

342“Antiquitez de Paris.”

343Le Roux de Lincy quotes “Hist. de l’auguste et vÉnÉrable Église de Chartres, &c.,” Chartres, 1683.

344BrantÔme, “Dames illustres,” t. v. p. 9.

345Henault, “Hist. France,” t. i. p. 442.

346Alain Bouchard, “Chron. de Bretagne,” quoted by Le Roux de Lincy, &c.

347Louarches, “Les Femmes dans l’hist. France,” p. 105.

348M. Le Roux de Lincy giving these details says they only exist in a manuscript called “Le trÉpas de l’Hermine regrettÉe.” MS. fol. 35. v^o.