les Weekly Register, Third Series, IX, 6 (Oct. 6, 1827), p. 90. Also,
Yellowstone Nature Notes, XXI, 5 (Sept.-Oct., 1947), p. 52. Sweet Lake is now known as Bear Lake, Idaho.
[100]P. W. Norris, Annual Report 1878, p. 987. Smith was killed by a band of Comanches in 1831, when leading a caravan across the Cimarron Desert toward Santa Fe.
[101]Meek’s experience was published by Mrs. Frances Fuller Victor in The River of the West (Hartford, Conn.: Columbian Book Co., 1871), pp. 75-7.
[102]Warren A. Ferris, Life in the Rocky Mountains 1830-35 (Salt Lake City: Rocky Mountain Book Shop, 1940), pp. 204-6.
[103]Osborne Russell, Journal of a Trapper, 1834-1843 (Boise, Idaho: Syms-York Co., 1921), p. 32.
[104]Helen F. Sanders, op. cit., p. 657.
Mr. Ducharme, Joe Power, L’Humphrie, Louis Anderson, and Jim and John Baker were members of this group. Remains of horses have been found on this battleground.
[105]J. Cecil Alter, James Bridger, p. 107.
[106]Walter W. DeLacy, “A Trip Up the South Fork of Snake River,” Contributions, Historical Society of Montana, I, 132.
[107]James Stuart, “The Yellowstone Expedition of 1863,” Ibid., I, 191.
Montana mineral production vaulted to $18,000,000 by 1865. Thereafter a gradual decline began, but a strong revival came in the eighties when deep mining of silver and copper ore bodies proved profitable. The combined mineral output in 1889 was $41,000,000.
[108]P. Koch, “The Discovery of Yellowstone National Park,” Magazine of American History, II, 511.
[109]E. S. Topping, Chronicles of the Yellowstone (St. Paul: Pioneer Press Co., 1888), p. 44.
[110]P. W. Norris, Annual Report 1880, p. 7. Miller Creek was named for Adam Miller’s retreat in this instance.
[111]Grace R. Hebard and E. A. Brininstool, The Bozeman Trail (Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1922), II, 229.
[112]Robert Vaughn, Then and Now, p. 165.
[113]Hebard and Brininstool, op. cit., II, 229.
[114]Ibid., p. 230.
[115]Ibid., p. 244.
[116]Anonymous. The quotations used in the Bridger stories represent the author’s organization of existing folk lore. Some of these stories and others are given in H. M. Chittenden’s Yellowstone National Park.
[117]John G. White, “Souvenir,” I, 134.
[118]Hiram M. Chittenden, op. cit., pp. 39-40.
[119]Hebard and Brininstool, op. cit., II, p. 243.
[120]This information was obtained by the author from Jesse M. Matlock, formerly Mrs. William Peterson and Mabel M. White, an adopted daughter, in an interview at Salmon City, June 7, 1943. The latter remembers hearing Mr. Peterson express regret that the Folsom-Cook-Peterson Expedition was not given more recognition for its discovery. Mr. Peterson died in 1918.
[121]C. W. Cook and D. E. Folsom, “Cook-Folsom Expedition to the Yellowstone Region 1869,” Haynes Bulletin (Jan. 1923).
[122]C. W. Cook, “Remarks of C. W. Cook, Last Survivor of the Original Explorers of the Yellowstone Park Region,” Yellowstone Park Library, Mammoth, Wyoming. Two sons of Cornelius Hedges were present at the celebration which was sponsored by The National Editorial Association.
[123]W. T. Jackson, “The Cook-Folsom Exploration of the Upper Yellowstone 1869,” The Pacific Northwest Quarterly, XXXII (1941), 320-21.
[124]Hiram M. Chittenden, Yellowstone National Park, p. 60.
[125]Nathaniel P. Langford, The Discovery of Yellowstone Park 1870 (St. Paul, Minn.: J. E. Haynes, 1923), p. 80.
[126]Louis C. Crampton, Early History of Yellowstone National Park and Its Relations to National Park Policies (Washington, D. C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1923), p. 14.
[127]Yellowstone Park Scrap Book, I, 33. Park Library, Mammoth, Wyoming.
[128]L. P. Brockett, Our Western Empire (San Francisco: William Garretson and Co., 1881), p. 1247.
[129]Ibid., p. 1243.
[130]Cornelius Hedges, “Yellowstone Lake,” Crampton’s Early History, p. 110.
[256]There are two service stations in Old Faithful Camp. Some people complain because they cannot get their favorite gasoline. However, it would be both unsightly and impractical to allow each company a half-dozen representatives. There are no pumps at all at Madison and Norris stations.
[257]Park Service Bulletin, Nov., 1936, p. 12.
[258]Richard G. Lillard, The Great Forest (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1948), p. 32.
[259]Ibid., p. 68.
[260]Ibid., p. 9.
[261]Hans Huth, Yosemite, the Story of an Idea. Reprint from the Sierra Club Bulletin, March 1948, p. 48.
[262]Richard G. Lillard, op. cit., p. 85.
[263]Richard G. Lillard, op. cit., p. 256.
[264]Hugh H. Bennett, “Thomas Jefferson Soil Conservationist,” U. S. Department of Agriculture, No. 548 (1944).
[265]Karl B. Mickey, Man and Soil (Chicago: International Harvester Co., 1945), p. 17.
[266]Hans Huth, op. cit., p. 73.
[267]George Catlin, The Manners, Customs, and Conditions of the North American Indians (London, 1841), I, 262.
[268]Hans Huth, op. cit., p. 52.
[269]Walter Mulford, Forest Influences (New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1948), p. 15.
[270]Hans Huth, op. cit., p. 68.
[271]Ibid., p. 69.
[272]Ibid.
[273]Hans Huth said Frederick Law Olmstead admitted failure in his attempt to discover the origin of public parks in this country. He attributed it to “a spontaneous movement of that sort which we conveniently refer to as the genius of our civilization.” Ibid., p. 60.
[274]Richard G. Lillard, op. cit., p. 260.
[275]This agency was later transferred to the Department of Agriculture.
[276]Richard G. Lillard, op. cit., p. 264.
[277]Ibid., p. 270.
[278]Ibid. National Legislation Executive Almanac in Brief:
- 1876—$2,000.00, appropriated to employ a competent man to investigate timber conditions in the United States.
- June 30, 1886—Act creating Division of Forestry in Department of Agriculture.
- March 3, 1891—President authorized to establish Forest Reserves; Yellowstone Park Timberland Reserve proclaimed by President Harrison on March 30, 1891.
- June 4, 1897—Present National Forest Act passed.
- July 1, 1901—Division of Forestry becomes Bureau of Forestry.
- February 1, 1905—Bureau of Forestry becomes Forest Service.
- March 1, 1911—Weeks Law passed.
- April 11, 1921—Snell Bill introduced in Congress.
- May 2, 1921—Capper Bill introduced in Congress.
- June 7, 1924—Clarke-McNary Bill signed by President.
- April 30, 1928—McNary-Woodruff Act signed by President.
- May 22, 1928—McSweeney-McNary Act signed by President.
- Jan. 1, 1931—Creation of the Timber Conservation Board.
- 1937—The Norris-Doxey Act.
- 1944—The Cooperative Sustained Yield Act.
Other Acts closely related to the Forestry program include, Civilian Conservation Corps, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Public Works Administration, Taylor Grazing Control Act, Farm Security Act, and Tennessee Valley Authority.
[279]“National Parks and National Forests,” a statement by the National Park Service, Department of the Interior and the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture.
[280]Earl of Dunraven, op. cit., p. 34.
[281]William T. Hornaday, Our Vanishing Wild Life (New York: New York Zoological Society, 1913), p. 2.
[282]Ibid., p. 63.
[283]Earl of Dunraven, op. cit., p. 6.
[284]Ibid., p. 15.
[285]Extinct species include: great auk, Pallas’s cormorant, Labrador duck, Eskimo curlew, passenger pigeon, Carolina parakeet, yellow-winged green parrot, heath hen, whooping crane, upland plover. Other effective wild life conservation advocates were Dr. Theodore S. Palmer, Edward H. Forbush, T. Gilbert Pearson, John B. Burnham, and William T. Hornaday.
[286]Earl of Dunraven, op. cit., p. 181.
[287]Ibid., pp. 182-3.
