This problem is simple and of interest to young people during early winter. (Plate 20.)

The handle may be made square in section first and then gradually rounded with a plane and then filed and sanded; or a discarded handle from some other implement may be utilized. The handle should be 28" long, and a hole should be bored and a rivet inserted 11-5/8" from one end. This is to reinforce the handle where the saw cut comes. This cut is made directly along the center of the handle and stops 11" from the end. If this cut is not made exactly in the center, the spreading, when the grip is inserted, will be unequal, and the shovel will not be in balance.

The two ends of the shovel are rounded, as indicated, and the lower end is cut at an angle to fit the surface of the shovel.

The grip should be cut from a 1" dowel and then cut to fit the angle formed by the spreading sides of the shovel.

This is held in place by 1-1/4" No. 8 round-head screws with washers, as indicated.

The broad part of the shovel is cut from one piece, if possible, 1/2" × 8" × 10-1/2", and the front end cut an angle which is reinforced with a piece of zinc, 3-1/4" × 8", bent over and held by rivets and washers, as shown.

The brace under the handle is cut 3/4" × 1-5/8" × 8" and then planed from an upper edge to within an inch of the opposite lower edge and secured in place with screws. The handle is attached to the blade with rivets and washers, as shown on the drawing.