Thus far no adequate biography of President Wilson, covering his career through the Peace Conference, has been published. The most suggestive is Henry Jones Ford's Woodrow Wilson: The Man and His Work (1916) which stops with the close of the first term. The author, a Princeton professor, is a warm personal and political admirer of the President, but he makes a definite attempt at critical appreciation. W. E. Dodd's Woodrow Wilson and His Work (1920) is comprehensive and brings the story to the end of the Peace Conference, but it is marred by eulogistic interpretation and anti-capitalistic bias. An interesting effort to interpret the President to British readers in the form of biography has been made by H. W. Harris in President Wilson: His Problems and His Policy (1917). W. B. Hale, in The Story of a Style (1920), attempts to analyze the motives by which the President is inspired. But the best material to serve this end is to be found in the President's writings, especially Congressional Government (1885), An Old Master and Other Political Essays (1893), Constitutional Government in the United States (1908), The New Freedom (1913), International Ideals (1919). The two last-named are collections of addresses made in explanation and advocacy of his plans of domestic and international reform. The most convenient edition of the President's official writings and speeches is Albert Shaw's President Wilson's State Papers and Addresses (1918), edited with an analytical index.

For the period of neutrality a storehouse of facts is to be found in The New York Times Current History, published monthly. The American Year Book contains a succinct narrative of the events of each year, which may be supplemented by that in the Annual Register which is written from the British point of view. A brief rÉsumÉ of Wilson's first term is contained in F. A. Ogg's National Progress (1918). More detailed is the first volume of J. B. McMaster's The United States in the World War (1918), which is based upon the newspapers and necessarily lacks perspective, but is comprehensive and extremely useful for purposes of reference. The clearest outline of President Wilson's treatment of foreign affairs is to be found in E. E. Robinson and V. J. West's The Foreign Policy of President Wilson, 1913-1917 (1917). The narrative is brief but interpretative and is followed by numerous excerpts from the President's speeches and state papers. The tone of the narrative is extremely favorable and President Wilson is credited with consistency rather than capacity for development, but the arrangement is excellent. More comprehensive is the edition by J. B. Scott, entitled President Wilson's Foreign Policy: Messages, Addresses, Papers (1918). Johann von Bernstorff's My Three Years in America (1920) is a well-reasoned apologia by the German Ambassador, which contains information of much value; it is not impossible for the critically minded to distinguish the true from the false. The description of German criminal activities contained in Horst von der Goltz's My Adventures as a German Secret Agent (1917), should be checked up with the report of the Senate Committee of Inquiry into the German propaganda. The Real Colonel House, by A. D. Howden-Smith (1918), throws useful sidelights on Wilson and contains valuable material on the activities of Colonel House as negotiator before the entrance into the war of the United States.

The best general narrative of America's war effort is J. S. Bassett's Our War with Germany (1919); it is clear and succinct, beginning with the early effects of the war on the United States in 1914, and ending with the Peace Conference. An interesting, but irritating, account is to be found in George Creel's The War, the World and Wilson (1920), which is passionate in its defense of the President, and blurs truth with inaccuracy on almost every page. F. F. Kelly's What America Did (1919) is a brief popular account of the building of the army at home and abroad and the organization of industry: clear, inaccurate, uncritical. The most convenient summary of the organization of national resources is F. L. Paxson's "The American War Government," in The American Historical Review, October, 1920, which should be supplemented by the Handbook of Economic Agencies for the War of 1917, monograph No. 3 of the Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff (1919). The former contains many references in footnotes, of which the most important are the Report of the Chief of Staff (1919) and the Report of the Provost Marshal General (1919). The published Investigation of the War Department, Hearing before the Committee on Military Affairs (1918) is invaluable The most complete information on ordnance is to be found in the report of General Benedict Crowell, America's Munitions, 1917-1918 (1919); it is an official defense and should be read critically. A graphic picture of American accomplishments is given in L. P. Ayres's The War with Germany; A Statistical Summary (1919). The best account of operations in France is still General Pershing's Report to the Secretary of War, which is printed in New York Times Current History, January and February, 1920. It may be supplemented by Shipley Thomas's The History of the A. E. F. (1920).

The American point of view on the Peace Conference is set forth authoritatively in What Really Happened at Paris (1921), a collection of lectures delivered by members of the American Peace Commission and edited by Edward M. House and Charles Seymour. Some Problems of the Peace Conference (1920), by C. H. Haskins and R. H. Lord, is an accurate and comprehensive analysis of the territorial questions settled at Paris. The British point of view and the most important documents are given in A History of the Peace Conference of Paris (1920), written chiefly by British delegates and edited by H. W. V. Temperley. The French point of view is admirably presented in AndrÉ Tardieu's The Truth about the Treaty (1921). An excellent picture of the conflict of interests and the manner in which they were decided is to be found in C. T. Thompson's The Peace Conference Day by Day (1920). Robert Lansing's The Peace Negotiations (1921) is interesting as giving the opinions of an American Commissioner who disagreed with Mr. Wilson's methods at Paris. J. M. Keynes's The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1920) contains an economic analysis which is more trustworthy than his brilliant, but misleading, picture of the Conference. It should not be read except in company with the authoritative and accurate The Making of the Reparation and Economic Clauses (1920), by B. M. Baruch. A clever but superficial criticism of President Wilson's peace policies is to be found in J. M. Beck's The Passing of the Freedom (1920).

---

or assumed, is SÉverac Bablon, nothing whatever is known regarding him. The business was recently acquired by J. J. Oppner, who will be remembered for his late gigantic operation on Wall Street, and the whole of the working staff received immediate notice to quit. No reason is assigned for this wholesale dismissal. But each of the 2,000 men thus suddenly thrown out of employment received at his home, in a plain envelope, stamped with the Three Rivers postmark, the sum of one hundred dollars, and a typed slip bearing the name, 'SÉverac Bablon.' Mr. Oppner had been approached, but is very reticent upon the subject. There is a rumour circulating here to the effect that he himself is the donor. But I have been unable to obtain confirmation of this."