PART FIRST.
THE FOOTPRINTS OF TIME, OR HISTORICAL PROGRESS. | |
CHAPTER I.
HISTORICAL PROGRESS IN THE OLD WORLD | 29 |
| Section I. The Dawn of History—Uncertainty of Tradition—Aid afforded by recent studies—Ethnology, Philology, etc.—Primitive Home of Mankind—The three great races—The first Migrations—Commencement of Civilization—China—The Euphrates—The Hamites in Egypt. | |
| Section II. Direction of Pre-historic Growth—Rudeness of early races—Character of the Primitive Man—Testimony of language—Imperfection of Turanian Growth—Seen in China—Superiority of Indo-European races. | |
| Section III. Gradual Development—Condition of the first Men—Establishment of the Family—Patriarchal Authority—The Growth of Monarchy—Origin of the Priesthood—Development of both in Chaldea and Egypt—Influence of War and Commerce. | |
| Section IV. Ancient Monarchies—Five Monarchies on the Euphrates and Tigris—The Scythian, the two Hamitic, the Assyrian and the Medo-Persian Monarchies—Testimony of the ruins—Mysterious and Singular character of Egypt—Moses and the Jewish State—Tyre and its Commerce. | |
| Section V. The Grecian States—Origin, intelligence and vigor of the Greek race—Their Mythology and Heroic History—Their opposition to the dangerous centralizing tendencies of Monarchy—Greek Republics—Colonization—Sparta and Athens—Commencement of Authentic History—Foundation of Rome—Chronological review during the time of the Roman Kings. | |
| Section VI. The Roman Republic—Character of the Romans—Greeks and Romans compared—Roman constancy. | |
| Section VII. Greece and Rome—The influence of each on the future of mankind—Chronological history from B. C. 500 to B. C. 133—The great career of the Roman Republic. | |
| Section VIII. Decay of the Republic—Unhappy effects of conquest and wealth on Roman character—Death of the Gracchi—The Civil Wars—Marius, Sylla, Crassus, Pompey, Julius CÆsar—The Senate Suspends the Constitution and ends the Republic—Death of CÆsar. | |
| Section IX. The Roman Empire—Impossibility of restoring the Republic—Triumvirate and wars of Augustus, Antony and Lepidus—Augustus Emperor of the World. | |
| Section X. Influence of Christianity—The Jewish State—Influence on it of Egypt, Asia and Greece—The New Morality of Christianity—The persecution it provokes—Its growing influence on life and manners—Unhappy effect of state patronage. | |
| Section XI. The services of Great Men to Mankind—Difficulties of progress among the Ancients—Assistance rendered by Great Men—Office of early Poets—Of Legislatures—Philosophers, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle—Orators, Demosthenes and Cicero—Influence of Great conquerors on progress—Alexander the Great—Hannibal the unfortunate—CÆsar, the successful—Brutus, the Patriot—Augustus the Emperor—The elements of greatness in all men—Jesus Christ the Perfect Man. | |
| Section XII. The Christian Era—Chronological history of the Emperors—The triumph of Christianity and its corruption—The fall of the Empire. | |
| Section XIII. Rise of Modern Nations—Incursions of Barbarians—Their settlement in Gaul—Spain, Africa, Italy and Britain—Mahomet and the great success of his followers—Charlemagne and the Popes—Failure to found a Western Empire. | |
| Section XIV. The Feudal System—Results from the condition of the Empire and the character of the invaders—Rise and character of Chivalry—The Crusades. | |
| Section XV. The Liberties of the People—Influence of the Crusades—Revival of Commerce and Learning. | |
| Section XVI. The Situation on the Discovery of America. | |
| Section XVII. Conclusion—Summary of Progress—The work assigned to America. | |
CHAPTER II.
THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA | 148 |
| Geographical ignorance of the Ancients—Columbus and his Ideas—His difficulty in getting a hearing—Queen Isabella of Spain—Sets sail for the New World—Why he thought it Asia—Origin of the name America. | |
CHAPTER III.
HISTORY FROM 1492 TO 1763 | 151 |
| Various Discoveries—Sir Humphrey Gilbert fails twice to establish a Colony—Sir Walter Raleigh—Settlements in Florida—Jamestown—Landing of the Puritans—Other Settlements—Liberal character of Colonial Governments—Colonies resist oppression—Indian Wars—French Wars—Training they give the Colonies—Capture of Louisburg—Braddock’s |
CHAPTER XLVII.
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS, CONGRESSMEN | 405 |
| Mode of electing Members of House of Representatives—Advantages of the district plan—Number of districts. | |
CHAPTER XLVIII.
CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY | 407 |
| The objects of the Library—Who may use it—Duties of the Librarian. | |
CHAPTER XLIX.
COPYRIGHTS | 408 |
| The object of Copyrights—Mode of applying for them—Fees—Full directions from the Librarian of Congress. | |
CHAPTER L.
PRESIDING OFFICERS OF CONGRESS | 411 |
| Speaker of the House—How he is chosen—President of the Senate—Their duties and powers—List of all the Speakers of the House. | |
CHAPTER LI.
SUBORDINATE OFFICERS OF CONGRESS | 414 |
| Secretary of the Senate—Clerk of the House—Their duties—The Sergeant-at-Arms—The Doorkeeper—The Postmaster. | |
CHAPTER LII.
CONGRESSIONAL WORK | 415 |
| Mode of doing business in Congress—Organization—Bills—Committees—Reports—Connection of two Houses—President’s signature—Veto—Passing over the veto—Resolutions and their character—Amount of business done—Members of Congress and the People. | |
CHAPTER LIII.
PUBLIC PRINTING | 418 |
| How it was formerly done—Changes made—People should inform themselves. | |
CHAPTER LIV.
SIGNAL SERVICE | 420 |
| Origin of Signal Service—Scientific and useful character—Mode of conducting it—School of Instruction—Grades of officers—Their duties—Number of Stations—Smithsonian Institution—Its Origin, Objects and Value. | |
CHAPTER LV.
REPORTS | 424 |
| Mode of doing Legislative and Executive business—Reports useful to furnish information—To facilitate business. | |
CHAPTER LVI.
IMPEACHMENTS | 426 |
| Who may be impeached—House of Representatives the Accuser—Senate the Court. | | |
| THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT | 427 |
| Importance of this Department in our System—Constitution of the Department. | |
CHAPTER LVII.
THE SUPREME COURT | 428 |
| The high range of its duties—Its original and appellate Jurisdiction—Its Judges—Their term of office—Officers of the Court—List of Supreme and Associate Justices. | |
CHAPTER LVIII.
CIRCUIT COURTS | 431 |
| Their powers and uses—Circuits—Judges. | |
CHAPTER LIX.
DISTRICT COURTS | 434 |
| Their jurisdiction—Appointment of Judges—Number of districts—Places of holding. | |
CHAPTER LX.
ADMIRALTY AND MARITIME JURISDICTION | 436 |
| Confined to naval affairs—Belongs to District Courts. | |
CHAPTER LXI.
COURT OF CLAIMS | 437 |
| Where it sits—Object to relieve Congress—Advantages to claimants against government. | |
CHAPTER LXII.
DISTRICT ATTORNEYS | 439 |
| Business confided to them—Government lawyers. | |
CHAPTER LXIII.
UNITED STATES MARSHALS | 440 |
| Where they are employed—Connection with census. | |
CHAPTER LXIV.
GRAND JURY | 441 |
| Admirable features of Grand Jury—Do not pronounce judgment—Security afforded to reputation. | |
CHAPTER LXV.
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS | 444 |
| General, State, County, and Municipal governments parts of a whole—No conflict—The harmonizing authority in the Supreme Court—How State governments are formed—Their powers—Modeled on the General Government—Various Courts—Subdivisions—Counties—Towns—School districts—Minor divisions indispensable. | |
CHAPTER LXVI.
INDIVIDUAL STATES | 447 |
| Circumstances of discovery of each—When and where settled—Facts in early history—The part each of the “Old Thirteen” bore in the Revolutionary struggle—The Surface—Cl
#8212;General mustering for war—Capture of Harper’s Ferry and Gosport Navy Yard, Fighting in the border States—Experience gained in the general skirmishing—Reluctance to join the great issue—Battle of Bull Run—Washington saved, if the battle is lost—Immense preparations by sea and land—Confederate government in Richmond. | |
CHAPTER XXV.
SECOND PHASE OF THE WAR | 658 |
| The large armies have acquired much discipline and experience—Movement of McClellan on Richmond—Movement flanking Confederate positions on the upper Mississippi—Severe battles near Richmond—McClellan’s failure—Success in the West—The rising fortunes of Grant at Donnelson, Henry, and Pittsburg Landing—Advance of Lee—Pope’s failure—Battles in Maryland—Lee’s retreat—Bragg’s advance and retreat—Battle of Fredericksburg—General results of the Campaign. | |
CHAPTER XXVI.
CAMPAIGN OF 1863 | 664 |
| Emancipation proclamation—The year remarkable for the large number of engagements and formidable character of the operations—Battle of Chancellorsville and advance of Lee into Penn.—His defeat at Gettysburg and return to Va.—Capture of New Orleans—Taking of Vicksburg—Defeat at Chickamauga retrieved by Grant—General results of the Campaign. | |
CHAPTER XXVII.
CAMPAIGN OF 1864 | 670 |
| Struggle of Grant and Lee in Virginia—Sherman’s “March to the Sea”—“Beginning of the end.” | |
CHAPTER XXVIII.
CONCLUDING CAMPAIGN | 675 |
| General discouragement in the South—Capture of Seaboard cities—Re-inauguration of the President—Fall of Petersburg and retreat of Lee—Close of the War—Assassination of Lincoln. | |
CHAPTER XXIX.
HISTORY FROM 1865 TO 1875 | 680 |
| Opposed reconstruction policy of Congress and President Johnson—Financial condition—Patrons of Husbandry—Election and re-election of Gen. Grant. | |
CHAPTER XXX.
PARLIAMENTARY RULES | 698 |
CHAPTER XXXI.
STATISTICS OF THE WORLD | 721 |
SUPPLEMENT.
LEGAL FORMS—By Judge J. C. Power, of the First District of Iowa | 725 |
| Legal form of Will—Statement of Testator—Disposition of Property—Appointment of Executors—Statement of Witnesses—Circumstances of Signature—Necessity of two Witnesses—Articles of Copartnership—Statement of Agreement—Conditions Mutually agreed to—Signature—Agreement to continue Copartnership—Agreement to dissolve Copartnership—Power of Attorney—How signed and acknowledged—Form of Submission to Arbitration—Form of Award of Arbitrators—General Form of Agreement—Agreement for sale of personal property—Agreement for sale of Real Estate—How executed and acknowledged—Form of Lease—Form of Warranty Deed—Form of acknowledgement of execution of Deed—Witnesses to signature—Mortgage Deed—Negotiable Note—Non negotiable Note—Note transferable by delivery—Due bill—Receipt—What statements required in Receipt. | |
