| CHAPTER I. | Page |
| THE NAME AND NATURE OF PROTESTANTISM, | 25 |
| CHAPTER II. |
| THE CAUSES OF PROTESTANTISM. |
| What ought to be attributed to the genius of its founders—Different causes assigned for it—Errors on this subject—Opinions of Guizot—Of Bossuet—True cause of Protestantism to be found in the social condition of European nations, | 28 |
| CHAPTER III. |
| EXTRAORDINARY PHENOMENON IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. |
| Divinity of the Catholic Church proved by its relations with the human mind—Remarkable acknowledgment of M. Guizot—Consequences of that acknowledgment, | 38 |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| PROTESTANTISM AND THE HUMAN MIND. |
| Protestantism contains a principle of dissolution—It tends naturally to destroy all faith—Dangerous direction given to the human mind—Description of the human mind, | 42 |
| CHAPTER V. |
| INSTINCT OF FAITH IN THE SCIENCES. |
| Instinct of faith—This instinct extends to all the sciences—Newton, Descartes—Observations on the history of philosophy—Proselytism—Present condition of the human mind, | 46 |
| CHAPTER VI. |
| DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS WANTS OF NATIONS—MATHEMATICS—MORAL SCIENCES. |
| Important error committed by Protestantism, with regard to the religious government of the human mind, | 50 |
| CHAPTER VII. |
| INDIFFERENCE AND FANATICISM. |
| Two opposite evils, fruits of Protestantism—Origin of fanaticism—The Church has prepared the history of the human mind—Private interpretation of the Bible—Passage from O'Callaghan—Description of the Bible, | 53 |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| FANATICISM—ITS DEFINITION—FANATICISM IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. |
| Connexion between fanaticism and religious feeling—Impossibility of destroying it—Means of diminishing it—The Church has used these means, and with what result?—Observations on the pretended Catholic fanatics—Description of the religious excitement of the founders of orders in the Church, | 57 |
| CHAPTER IX. |
| INCREDULITY AND RELIGIOUS INDIFFERENCE IN EUROPE THE FRUITS OF PROTESTANTISM. |
| Lamentable symptoms of these from the beginning of Protestantism—Remarkable religious crisis in the latter part of the seventeenth century—Bossuet and Leibnitz—The Jansenists—Their influence—Dictionary of Bayle—The epoch when that work appeared—State of opinions among the Protestants, | 60 |
| CHAPTER X. |
| CAUSES OF THE CONTINUED EXISTENCE OF PROTESTANTISM. |
| Important question with regard to the continuance of Protestantism—Religious indifference with respect to man collectively and individually—European societies with relation to Mahometanism and idolatry—How Catholicity and Protestantism are capable of defending the truth—Intimate connexion between Christianity and European civilization, | 64 |
| CHAPTER XI. |
| THE POSITIVE DOCTRINES OF PROTESTANTISM ARE REPUGNANT TO THE INSTINCT OF CIVILIZATION. |
| Doctrines of Protestantism divided into positive and negative—Singular phenomenon: one of the principal dogmas of the founders of Protestantism repugnant to European civilization—Eminent service which Catholicity has done to civilization by defending free will—Nature of error—Nature of truth, | 68 |
| CHAPTER XII. |
| EFFECTS WHICH THE INTRODUCTION OF PROTESTANTISM INTO SPAIN WOULD HAVE PRODUCED. |
| Present state of religious ideas in Europe—Victories of religion—State of science and literature—Condition of modern society—Conjectures on the future influence of Catholicity—Is it probable that Protestantism will be introduced into Spain?—England—Her connexion with Spain—Pitt—Nature of religious ideas in Spain—Situation of Spain—How she may be regenerated, | 70 |
| CHAPTER XIII. |
| PROTESTANTISM AND CATHOLICITY IN THEIR RELATION TO SOCIAL PROGRESS—PRELIMINARY COUP D'ŒIL. |
| Commencement of the parallel—Liberty—Vague meaning of the word—European civilization chiefly due to Catholicity—East and West—Conjectures on the destinies of Catholicity amid the catastrophies that may threaten in Europe—Observations on philosophical studies—Fatalism of a certain modern historical school, | 79 |
| CHAPTER XIV. |
| DID THERE EXIST, AT THE TIME WHEN CHRISTIANITY APPEARED, ANOTHER PRINCIPLE OF REGENERATION? |
| Condition, religious, social, and scientific, of the world at the appearance of Christianity—Roman law—The influence of Christian ideas thereon—Evils of the political organization of the empire—System adopted by Christianity; her first care was to change ideas—Christianity and Paganism with regard to the teaching of moral doctrines—Protestant preaching, | 84 |
| CHAPTER XV. |
| DIFFICULTIES
RDERS FOR THE REDEMPTION OF CAPTIVES. |
| Multitude of Christians reduced to slavery—Religious orders for the redemption of captives were necessary—The Order of the Trinity and that of Mercy—St. Peter Armengol, | 256 |
| CHAPTER XLV. |
| UNIVERSAL ADVANCE OF CIVILIZATION IMPEDED BY PROTESTANTISM. |
| Effects of Protestantism on the progress of civilization in the world, beginning with the sixteenth century—What enabled civilization, during the middle ages, to triumph over barbarism—Picture of Europe at the beginning of the sixteenth century—The civilizing missions of the 16th century interrupted by the schism of Luther—Why the action of the Church on barbarous nations has lost power during three centuries—Whether the Christianity of our days is less adapted to propagate the faith than that of the early ages of the Church—Christian missions in the early times of the Church—What the real mission of Luther has been, | 260 |
| CHAPTER XLVI. |
| THE JESUITS. |
| Their importance in the history of European civilization—Causes of the hatred which has been excited against them—Character of the Jesuits—Contradiction of M. Guizot on this subject—Whether it be true, as M. Guizot says, that the Jesuits have destroyed nations in Spain—Facts and dates—Unjust accusations against the Company of Jesus, | 268 |
| CHAPTER XLVII. |
| THE FUTURE OF RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS—THEIR PRESENT NECESSITY. |
| Present state of religious institutions—Picture of society—Inability of industry and commerce to satisfy the heart of man—Condition of minds with respect to religion—Religious institutions will be necessary to save existing society—Nothing fixed in that society—Means are wanting for social organization—The march of European nations has been perverted—Physical means of restraining the masses—Moral means are required—Religious institutions reconcilable with the advancement of modern times, | 274 |
| CHAPTER XLVIII. |
| RELIGION AND LIBERTY. |
| Rousseau—The Protestants Divine law—Origin of power—False interpretation of the divine law—St. John Chrysostom—On paternal authority—Relations between paternal authority and civil power, | 281 |
| CHAPTER XLIX. |
| THE ORIGIN OF SOCIETY, ACCORDING TO CATHOLIC THEOLOGIANS. |
| Doctrines of theologians on the origin of society—The character of Catholic theologians compared to that of modern writers—St. Thomas—Bellarmin—Suarez—St. Alphonsus de Liguori—Father Concina—Billuart—The Compendium of Salamanca, | 288 |
| CHAPTER L. |
| OF DIVINE LAW, ACCORDING TO CATHOLIC DOCTORS. |
| On the divine law—Divine origin of civil power—In what manner God communicates this power—Rousseau—On pacts—The right of life and death—The right of war—Power must necessarily emanate from God—Puffendorf—Hobbes, | 298 |
| CHAPTER LI. |
| THE TRANSMISSION OF POWER, ACCORDING TO CATHOLIC DOCTORS. |
| Direct or indirect communication of civil power—The distinction between the two opinions important in some respects; in others, not so—Why Catholic theologians have so zealously maintained the doctrine of mediate communication, | 305 |
| CHAPTER LII. |
| ON THE FREEDOM OF LANGUAGE UNDER THE SPANISH MONARCHY. |
| Influence of doctrines on society—Flattery lavished on power—Danger of this flattery— Liberty of speech on this point in Spain during the last three centuries—Mariana—Saavedra—In the absence of religion and morality, the most rigorous political doctrines are incapable of saving society—Why the conservative schools of our days are powerless—Seneca—Cicero—Hobbes—Bellarmin, | 311 |
| CHAPTER LIII. |
| OF THE FACULTIES OF THE CIVIL POWER. |
| Of the faculties of civil power—Calumnies of the enemies of the Church—Definition of law according to St. Thomas—General reason and general will—The venerable Palafox—Hobbes—Grotius—The doctrines of certain Protestants favorable to despotism—Justification of the Catholic Church, | 317 |
| CHAPTER LIV. |
| ON RESISTANCE TO THE CIVIL POWER. |
| Of resistance to the civil power—Parallel between Protestantism and Catholicity on this point—Unfounded apprehensions of certain minds—Attitude of revolutions in this age—The principle inculcated by Catholicity on the obligation of obeying the lawful authorities—Preliminary questions—Difference between the two powers—Conduct of Catholicity and Protestantism with regard to the separation of the two powers—The independence of the spiritual power a guarantee of liberty to the people—Extremes which meet—The doctrine of St. Thomas on obedience, | 324 |
| CHAPTER LV. |
| ON RESISTANCE TO DE FACTO GOVERNMENTS. |
| Governments existing merely de facto—Right of resistance to these governments—Napoleon and the Spanish nation—Fallacy of the doctrine establishing the obligation of obedience to mere de facto governments—Investigation of certain difficulties—Accomplished facts—How we are to understand the respect due to accomplished facts, | 330 |
| CHAPTER LVI. |
| HOW IT IS ALLOWED TO RESIST THE CIVIL POWER. |
| On resistance to lawful authority—The doctrines of the Council of Constance on the assassination of a king—A reflection on the inviolability of kings& [Pg 22]
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