Title: The American Judiciary

Author: Simeon E. Baldwin

Language: English

Produced by Charles Aldarondo, Tiffany Vergon, Michael Kaelbling, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

THE AMERICAN JUDICIARY

BY

SIMEON E. BALDWIN, LL.D.

CONTENTS

PART

CASES CITED.

I. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE JUDICIAL POWER IN THE UNITED STATES.

II. THE ORGANIZATION AND PRACTICAL WORKING OF AMERICAN COURTS.

PART I

CHAPTER

I. ENGLISH ORIGIN AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN JUDICIARY.

II. THE SEPARATION OF THE JUDICIAL POWER FROM THE LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE IN AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONS.

III. THE RELATIONS OF THE JUDICIARY TO THE POLITICAL DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT.

IV. THE FORCE OF JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS.

V. THE JUDICIAL POWER OF DEVELOPING UNWRITTEN LAW.

VI. THE JUDICIAL POWER OF INTERPRETING AND DEVELOPING WRITTEN LAW.

VII. THE JUDICIAL POWER OF DECLARING WHAT HAS THE FORM OF LAW NOT TO BE LAW.

PART II

VIII. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATES.

IX. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

X. RELATIONS OF THE STATE JUDICIARY TO THE UNITED STATES, AND OF THE UNITED STATES JUDICIARY TO THE STATES.

XI. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COURTS OF DIFFERENT STATES.

XII. TRIAL BY JURY.

XIII. FORMALITIES IN JUDICIAL PROCEDURE.

XIV. TRIAL COURTS FOR CIVIL CAUSES.

XV. PROBATE COURTS.

XVI. BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY COURTS.

XVII. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.

XVIII. THE EXERCISE OF JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS OUT OF COURT.

XIX. APPELLATE COURTS.

XX. THE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS AND PUNISHMENT OF CONTEMPTS OF COURT.

XXI. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN TERRITORIES SUBJECT TO MARTIAL LAW.

XXII. APPOINTMENT, TENURE OF OFFICE AND COMPENSATION OF JUDGES.

XXIII. THE CHARACTER OF THE BAR AND ITS RELATIONS TO THE BENCH.

XXIV. THE LAW'S DELAYS.

XXV. THE ATTITUDE OF THE PEOPLE TOWARDS THE JUDICIARY.

INDEX.

* * * * *

TABLE OF CASES

  Ableman v. Booth
  Allinson, Hale v.
  American Insurance Co. v. Canter
  Ames v. Kansas
  Ames, Smyth v.
  Andrews, Ex parte
  Anthes, Commonwealth v.

  Bachert v. Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co.
  Baldwin, Robertson v.
  Bank, Bardes v.
  Bank of Kentucky, Briscoe v.
  Bank of Mississippi v. Duncan
  Bank of the U. S., Osborn v.
  Bardes v. Bank
  Barrows v. Bell
  Batchelder v. Moore
  Baxter v. Brooks
  Baxter, State v.
  Bean v. Beckwith
  Bean, Beckwith v.
  Beckham, Taylor v.
  Beckwith v. Bean
  Beckwith, Bean v.
  Bell, Barrows v.
  Bell's Gap R. R. Co., McCloskey v.
  Bernard, Coggs v.
  Biddle, Green v.
  Bidwell, Downes v.
  Bissell v. Dickerson
  Blacker, Board of Supervisors v.
  Blair v. Williams
  Blake v. McClung
  Board of Supervisors v. Blacker
  Bodley v. Gaither
  Boffman, Hickman v.
  Bonham's case
  Booth v. Clark
  Booth, Ableman v.
  Borden, Luther v.
  Bowman v. Middleton
  Boyd v. Thayer
  Boyd v. U. S.
  Bradburn, Mincey v.
  Bradley v. Fisher
  Bradley v. New Haven
  Bradley, Ex parte
  Brainerd, Fitch v.
  Branch, In re
  Brashears, Lapsley v.
  Briggs v. Garrett
  Brine v. Insurance Co.
  Briscoe v. Bank of Kentucky
  Brooks v. State
  Brooks, Baxter v.
  Brown, Kellogg v.
  Brown, Parkersburg v.
  Bulkley, State v.
  Bull, Calder v.
  Burgess v. Seligman
  Burr's Trial
  Burrows, Nudd v.
  Bush, Perry v.
  Bushnell, Ex parte

  Calder v. Bull
  California, Hurtado v.
  Call Publishing Co., Western Union Telegraph Co. v.
  Calvin v. Huntley
  Canfield v. Mitchell
  Canter, American Insurance Co. v.
  Carriere, Tua v.
  Cherokee Nation v. Georgia,
  Chisholm v. Georgia
  Christmas v. Russell
  Church v. Pearne
  City of South Bend v. Turner
  Claflin v. Houseman
  Clark, Booth v.
  Clarke's Appeal
  Cleveland, Painesville and Eastern R. R. Co., v.
    Pritschau
  Clymer, Norris v.
  Cochran, Gernon v.
  Coffin v. United States
  Coggs v. Bernard
  Cohens v. Virginia
  Coleman v. Tennessee
  Coler v. Tacoma Railway and Power Co.
  Colt, Stanley v.
  Commonwealth v. Anthes
  Conn. Pipe Mfg. Co., Ward v.
  Consul of Spain v. Consul of Great Britain
  Cooper, Application of
  Cooper, In re
  Cooper, In the matter of
  Copass, Hall-Moody Institute v.
  Croswell, People v.
  Cunningham, State v.

  Danbury, Hoyt v.
  Dartmouth College v. Woodward
  Debs, U. S. v.
  Debs, In re
  Delaware, Lackawanna and Western R. R. Co., Forepaugh v.
  Demorest, Hutkoff, v.
  Dennison, Kentucky v.
  Deposit Bank v. Frankfort
  Dickerson, Bissell v.
  Diggs v. Wolcott
  Donoghue, Hanley v.
  Dorr v. United States
  Dorrance, Vanhorne's Lessee, v.
  Dougherty, Lanark v.
  Dow v. Johnson
  Downes v. Bidwell
  Dred Scott v. Sandford
  Drehman v. Stifle
  Duncan, Bank of Mississippi v.
  Duncan, Johnson v.
  Dyson v. Rhode Island Co.

  Eakin v. Raub
  Eckrich v. St. Louis Transit Co.
  Ellington, Miel v.
  Erdman v. Mitchell
  Exchange Bank v. Rice

  Farmers' Loan and Trust Co., Pollock v.
  Faulkner v. Hart
  Finney v. Guy
  Fish v. Smith
  Fisher, Bradley v.
  Fitch v. Brainerd
  Fletcher v. Peck
  Flynn v. Morgan
  Forepaugh v. Delaware, Lackawanna and Western R. R. Co.
  Frankfort, Deposit Bank v.
  French v. Waterbury
  Frost v. Leighton

  Gaither, Bodley v.
  Garland, Ex parte
  Garrett, Briggs v.
  Genesee Chief, The
  Georgia v. Stanton
  Georgia, Cherokee Nation v.
  Georgia, Chisholm v.
  Georgia, Worcester v.
  Gernon v. Cochran
  Gibbons v. Ogden
  Goshen v. Stonington
  Gould v. Hudson River R. R. Co.
  Grady's case
  Grapeshot, The
  Gray, James v.
  Green v. Biddle
  Griffin v. Wilcox
  Griswold, Hepburn v.
  Griswold, United States v.
  Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. v. Radcliffe
  Groves v. Slaughter
  Guy, Finney v.

  Hale v. Allinson
  Hall-Moody Institute v. Co-pass
  Ham v. McClaws
  Hanley v. Donoghue
  Hanover National Bank v. Moyses
  Hans v. Louisiana
  Harris, Norris v.
  Hart, Faulkner v.
  Hawes v. Oakland
  Hayburn's Case
  Hepburn v. Griswold
  Heywood, Wilcox v.
  Hickman v. Boffman
  Hildreth's Heirs v. McIntire's Devisee
  Hill v. Smith
  Hill, Koehler v.
  Hoffman, People v.
  Holmes v. Walton
  Houseman, Claflin v.
  Houser, State v.
  Howle, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v.
  Hoyt v. Danbury
  Hudson River R. R. Co., Gould v.
  Huntley, Calvin v.
  Hurtado, v. California
  Hutkoff v. Demorest

  Insurance Co., Brine v.
  International Distillery, Pearson v.
  Irvine v. Stone

  James v. Gray
  Jecker v. Montgomery
  Johnson v. Duncan
  Johnson v. People
  Johnson, Dow v.
  Johnson, Mississippi v.
  Johnson, State v.
  Joint Traffic Association, United States v.
  Judges, State v.

  Kansas, Ames v.
  Katz v. Walkinshaw
  Kellogg v. Brown
  Kellogg v. Warmoth
  Kentucky v. Dennison
  Kentucky, Louisville Ferry Co. v.
  Kepner v. U. S.
  Ketcham v. McNamara
  Kilbourn v. Thompson
  Klein, U. S. v.
  Kneedler v. Lane
  Koehler v. Hill

  Lachenmeyer, Pepin v.
  Lanark v. Dougherty
  La Ninfa, The
  Lane, Kneedler v.
  Lapsley v. Brashears
  Lee, State v.
  Legal Tender Cases, The
  Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co., Bachert v.
  Leighton, Frost v.,
  Lennon v. Rawitzer,
  Letson, Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston R. R. Co. v.,
  Little Charles, The schooner, U. S. v.,
  Loan Association v. Topeka,
  Loomis v. Newhali,
  Lottawanna, The,
  Louisiana, Hans, v.,
  Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston R. R. Co. v. Letson,
  Louisville Ferry Co. v. Kentucky,
  Luke v. Lyde,
  Luther v. Borden,
  Lyde, Luke v.

  McCardle, Ex parte,
  McClaws, Ham v.,
  McCloskey v. Bell's Gap R. R. Co.,
  McClung, Blake v.,
  McConnaughy, Pennoyer v.,
  McCulloch v. Maryland,
  McDaniel, Terry v.,
  McDowell v. Oyer,
  McFarland v. People,
  McIntire's Devisee, Hildreth's Heirs v.,
  M'Kim v. Voorhies,
  McLeod's Case,
  McNamara, Ketcham v.,
  McVeigh v. Ripley

  Madison, Marbury v.,
  Main, State v.,
  Marbury v. Madison,
  Maryland, McCulloch v.,
  Mather, Rand v.,
  Merriman v. Social Mfg. Co.,
  Merryman, Ex parte,
  Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Howle,
  Mial v. Ellington,
  Middleton, Bowman v.,
  Milligan, Ex parte,
  Miln, New York v.,
  Mincey v. Bradburn,
  Mississippi v. Johnson,
  Mitchell, Canfield v.,
  Mitchell, Erdman v.,
  Montgomery, Jecker v.,
  Moore, Ex parte,
  Moore, Batchelder v.,
  Morgan, Flynn v.,
  Mormon Church v. United States,
  Morrill, State v.,
  Moses Taylor, The,
  Moyses, Hanover National Bank v.,
  Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, Vincent v.,
  Myers v. South Bethlehem

  Nash, United States v.,
  Neagle, In re,
  Neff, Pennoyer v.,
  Newhall, Loomis v.,
  New Haven, Bradley v.,
  New Jersey v. New York,
  Newman, Ex parte,
  New York v. Miln,
  New York, New Jersey v.,
  New York and New England R. R. Co., Rumsey v.,
  New York, New Haven and Hartford R. R. Co., Stack v.,
  Noble v. Union River Logging Co.,
  Norris v. Clymer,
  Norris v. Harris,
  Northern Securities Co. v. United States,
  Norwalk Street Railway Co.'s Appeal
  Nudd v. Burrows

  Oakland, Hawes v.
  Ogden v. Saunders
  Ogden, Gibbons v.
  Ohio and Mississippi R. R. Co. v. Wheeler
  Olcott, People v.
  Osborn v. Bank of the U. 8.
  Oyer, McDowell v.

  Parkersburg v. Brown
  Patterson, William
  Paul v. Virginia
  Pearne, Church v.
  Pearson v. International Distillery
  Pease, Starr v.
  Peck, Fletcher v.
  Pennoyer v. McConnaughy
  Pennoyer v. Neff
  Pennsylvania, Prigg v.
  Pennsylvania Coal Co., Sanderson v.
  People v. Croswell
  People v. Hoffman
  People v. Olcott
  People v. Webb
  People, Johnson v.
  People, McFarland v.
  Pepin v. Lachenmeyer
  Perkins, United States v.
  Perry v. Bush,
  Peters, Wheaton v.
  Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Co.
  Prigg v. Pennsylvania
  Pritschau, Cleveland, Painesville and Eastern R. R. Co. v.

  Radcliffe, Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. v.
  Rand v. Mather
  Raub, Eakin v.
  Rawitzer, Lennon v.
  Reese, United States v.
  Regents v. Williams
  Rhode Island Co., Dyson v.
  Rice, Exchange Bank v.
  Rich, Upshur County v.
  Ripley, McVeigh v.
  Robbins' Case
  Robertson v. Baldwin
  Robinson, Ex parte
  Royall, Ex parte
  Rumsey v. New York and New England R. R. Co.
  Russell, Christmas v.
  Rutgers v. Waddington

  Sanderson v. Penn. Coal Co.
  Sandford, Dred Scott v.
  Saunders, Ogden v.
  Scott v. Sandford
  Seligman, Burgess v.
  Shepherd, State v.
  Sheve, U. S. v.
  Siebold, Ex parte
  Sims' Case
  Slaughter, Groves v.
  Smith, Fish v.
  Smith, Hill v.
  Smith, U. S. v.
  Smyth v. Ames
  Social Mfg. Co., Merriman v.
  South Bethlehem, Myers v.
  Sparf v. U. S.
  St. Louis Transit Co., Eckrich v.
  Stack v. New York, New Haven and Hartford R. R. Co.
  Stanley v. Colt
  Stanley, U. S. v.
  Stanton, Georgia v.
  Starr v. Pease
  State v. Baxter
  State v. Bulkley
  State v. Cunningham
  State v. Houser
  State v. Johnson
  State v. Judges
  State v. Lee
  State v. Main
  State v. Morrill
  State v. Shepherd
  State v. Travelers' Insurance Co.
  State v. Ward
  State v. Worden
  State, Brooks v.
  Stephens, petitioner
  Stifle, Drehman v.
  Stone, Irvine v.
  Stonington, Goshen v.
  Swift v. Tyson

  Tacoma Railway and Power Co., Coler v.
  Tassel's Case
  Taylor v. Beckham
  Tennessee, Coleman v.
  Terry v. McDaniel
  Thayer, Boyd v.
  The Genesee Chief
  The Grapeshot
  The La Ninfa
  The Lottawanna
  The Moses Taylor
  The Schooner Little Charles, U. S. v.
  The Thomas Jefferson
  Thomas Jefferson, The
  Thompson, Kilbourn v.
  Topeka, Loan Association v.
  Trademark Cases
  Travelers' Insurance Co., State v.
  Trevett v. Weeden
  Tua v. Carriere
  Turner, City of South Bend v.
  Tyson, Swift v.

  Union River Logging Co., Noble, v.
  United States v. Debs
  United States v. Griswold
  United States v. Joint Traffic Association
  United States v. Klein
  United States v. Nash
  United States v. Perkins
  United States v. The Schooner Little Charles
  United States v. Reese
  United States v. Robbins
  United States v. Sheve
  United States v. Smith
  United States v. Sparf
  United States v. Stanley
  United States v. Wilson
  United States v. Worrall
  United States, Boyd v.
  United States, Coffin v.
  United States, Dorr v.
  United States, Kepner v.
  United States, Mormon Church v.
  United States, Northern Securities Co. v.
  Upshur County v. Rich

  Vanhorne's lessee v. Dorrance
  Vincent v. Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association
  Virginia, Cohens v.
  Virginia, Paul v.
  Voorhies, M'Kim v.

  Waddington, Rutgers v.
  Walkinshaw, Katz v.
  Walton, Holmes v.
  Ward v. Conn. Pipe Mfg. Co.,
  Ward, State v.,
  Warmoth, Kellogg v.,
  Waterbury, French v.,
  Webb, People v.,
  Weeden, Trevett v.,
  Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Call Publishing Co.,
  Wheaton v. Peters,
  Wheeler, Ohio and Mississippi R. R. Co., v.,
  Wheeler's Appeal,
  Wilcox v. Heywood,
  Wilcox, Griffin v.,
  Williams, Blair v.,
  Williams, Regents v.,
  Wilson, U. S. v.,
  Wolcott, Diggs v.,
  Woodward, Dartmouth College, v.,
  Worcester v. Georgia,
  Worden, State v.,
  Worrall, U. S. v.

Additional cases cited in Second edition.

  Janvrin v. Revere Water Co.,
  Revere Water Co., Janvrin, v.,
  O'Brien's Petition,
  Seery v. Waterbury,
  Waterbury, Seery v.

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