THE CAVE OF MAMMON.

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Guyon findes Mammon in a delve1
Sunning his threasure hore2;
Is by him tempted, and led downe
To see his secrete store.
As Pilot well expert in perilous wave,
That to a stedfast starre3 his course hath bent,
When foggy mistes or cloudy tempests have
The faithfull light of that faire lampe yblent,4
And cover'd heaven with hideous dreriment,5
Upon his card and compas firmes6 his eye,
The maysters of his long experiment,
And to them does the steddy helme apply,
Bidding his winged vessell fairely forward fly:
So Guyon having lost his trustie guyde,
Late left beyond that Ydle lake, proceedes
Yet on his way, of none accompanyde;
And evermore himselfe with comfort feedes
Of his own vertues and praise-worthie deedes.
So, long he yode,7 yet no adventure found,
Which fame of her shrill trumpet worthy reedes8;
For still he traveild through wide wastfull ground,
That nought but desert wildernesse shewed all around.
At last he came unto a gloomy glade,
Cover'd with boughes and shrubs from heavens light,
Whereas he sitting found in secret shade
An uncouth, salvage,9 and uncivile wight,
Of griesly hew and fowle ill-favour'd sight;
His face with smoke was tand, and eies were bleard,
His head and beard with sout were ill bedight,10
His cole-blacke hands did seeme to have been seard
In smythes fire-spitting11 forge, and nayles like clawes appear.
His yron cote, all overgrowne with rust,
Was underneath enveloped with gold;
Whose glistring glosse, darkned with filthy dust,
Well yet appeared to have beene of old
A worke of rich entayle12 and curious mould,
Woven with antickes13 and wyld ymagery;
And in his lap a masse of coyne he told,
And turned upside downe, to feede his eye
And covetous desire with his huge threasury.
And round about him lay on every side
Great heapes of gold that never could be spent;
Of which some were rude owre, not purifide
Of Mulcibers14 devouring element;
Some others were new driven, and distent
Into great Ingowes and to wedges square;
Some in round plates withouten moniment15;
But most were stampt, and in their metal bare
The antique shapes of kings and kesars straunge and rare.
Soone as he Guyon saw, in great affright
And haste he rose for to remove aside
Those pretious hils from straungers envious sight,
And downe them poured through an hole full wide
Into the hollow earth, them there to hide.
But Guyon, lightly to him leaping, stayd
His hand that trembled as one terrifyde;
And though himselfe were at the sight dismayd,
Yet him perforce restraynd, and to him doubtfull sayd:
"What art thou, man, (if man at all thou art)
That here in desert hast thine habitaunce,
And these rich hils of welth doest hide apart
From the worldes eye, and from her right usaunce?"
Thereat, with staring eyes fixed askaunce,
In great disdaine he answerd: "Hardy Elfe,
That darest view my direfull countenaunce,
I read thee rash and heedlesse of thy selfe,
To trouble my still seate, and heapes of pretious pelfe.
"God of the world and worldlings I me call,
Great Mammon, greatest god below the skye,
That of my plenty poure out unto all,
And unto none my graces do envye:
Riches, renowme, and principality,
Honour, estate, and all this worldes good,
For which men swinck16 and sweat incessantly,
Fro me do flow into an ample flood,
And in the hollow earth have their eternall brood.
"Wherefore, if me thou deigne to serve and sew,

The versification of the "Faerie Queene" is based upon the ottava rima, made so popular in Italian poetry by Tasso and Ariosto. Instead of eight lines to a stanza, however, there are nine. The first eight lines are iambic pentameters, and the ninth a hexameter, the stanza thus closing with a lingering cadence which adds greatly to the melody of the verse. This is the "Spenserian stanza," a form of versification very popular with many of our later poets.

"If you love poetry well enough to enjoy it for its own sake," says Leigh Hunt, "let no evil reports of his allegory deter you from an acquaintance with Spenser, for great will be your loss. His allegory itself is but one part allegory and nine parts beauty and enjoyment; sometimes an excess of flesh and blood. His wholesale poetical belief, mixing up all creeds and mythologies, but with less violence, resembles that of Dante and Boccaccio. His versification is almost perpetual honey."

1. delve. Dell. From A.-S. delfan, delve, to dig. Each canto of the "Faerie Queene" is introduced by a four-line doggerel like this, containing the argument, or a brief summary of the narrative,—in imitation, probably, of Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso."2. hore. Sordid, miserly. Probably from A.-S. harian, to become mouldy or musty. The word hoard may be traced to a similar root.3. stedfast starre. The pole-star. See "Faerie Queene," I, ii, 1:

4. yblent. Blinded.5. dreriment. Darkness.6. firmes. Fixes, makes firm.7. yode. Went. The past participle of the old verb yede, from A.-S. gangead, to go, to proceed.8. reedes. Considers. From A.-S. rÆd, counsel, advice; O. E. rede.9. salvage. Savage, wild. Fr. sauvage. From Lat. silva, forest. See "Faerie Queene," IV, v, 19:

"For all his armour was like salvage weed
With woody mosse bedight, and all his steed
With oaken leaves attrapt, that seemed fit
For salvage wight, and thereto well agreed
His word, which on his ragged shield was writ,
Salvagesse sans finesse,[233:1] shewing secret wit."

wight. Person. From A.-S. wiht.

"For every wight that loved chevalrie."

Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, 2105.

griesly. Dreadful. From A.-S. grislic; agrisan, to dread. Grisly.10. bedight. Covered. From dight, to dress, to deck. A.-S. dihtan.11. fire-spitting. "Spett seems anciently to have more simply signified disperse, without the low idea which we at present affix to it."—Warton.12. entayle. Sculpture, carving. Compare intaglio. 13. antickes. Odd, or fantastic, forms. From Lat, antiquus, ancient.14. of Mulcibers devouring element. By fire. Mulciber is a surname of Vulcan, "which seems to have been given him as an euphemism, that he might not consume the habitations and property of men, but kindly aid them in their pursuits."15. withouten moniment. Without superscription.16. swinck. Labor, drudge. A.-S. swincan, to toil.17. sew. Follow. From Fr. suivre.

deigne. From Fr. daigner, to consider worthy. Opposed to disdain.18. Me ill besits. It ill becomes me.

derdoing. Dare-doing; doing daring deeds.19. worldly mucke. "Filthy lucre."20. spright. Spirit.21. weet. Understand. From A.-S. witan, to know.22. fond. Foolish.23. empeach. Hinder. Fr. empÊcher.24. accloyes. Chokes or clogs up. Observe how the poet carries out his metaphor of the "well-head," "the purest streames," "his braunching armes," and "the gentle wave."25. unreproved truth. Sincerity.26. great Grandmother. Mother Earth.27. lett be. Leave off; make an end of.28. wage. Pledge. Observe the relationship between this word and both wager and wages.29. Me list. I wish. Compare methinks, meseems. From A.-S. lystan, to choose.

"The wind bloweth where it listeth."—John iii. 8.

wote. Understood. See note 21 above.30. Perdy. An old oath used to give emphasis to an assertion. From Fr. par dieu.31. wonne. Habitation. From A.-S. wunian, to dwell.32. rayne. Reign. The word is frequently used in the older poets for realm, or region.33. next to Death is Sleepe.

"How wonderful is Death!
Death and his brother Sleep!"

Shelley, Queen Mab, I.34. whilome. At some time.


FOOTNOTES:

[233:1] Wildness without art.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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