[The figures in this Index refer to pages.]

• Adobe used in Northern Mexico, 82;
• in Peru for later constructions, 243;
• used by Mound-Builders, 27.
• Ancient history of Mexico and Central America in the old books and traditions, 197-200;
• Aztecs preceded by Toltecs, and Toltecs by Colhuas, 198;
• Colhuas the original civilizers, 198-9;
• they may have come from South America, 198, 200;
• Chichimecs the original barbarians, 198;
• the Colhuas first settled in Tabasco, 199;
• Mayas, QuichÉs, Tzendals, etc., originally Colhuas, 200, 205;
• Colhuan kingdom of Xibalba, 199;
• Colhuas, Toltecs, and Aztecs branches of the same people, 206;
• such a history implied by the political condition in which the country was found, 206;
• theories of this old civilization considered, 165-183;
• it was original in America, 184-6.
• Antiquity of man and civilization, 181-2, 273-5.
• Antiquity of the Mexican and Central American ruins, 151-59, 184;
• the great forest was 450 years ago what it is now, 151;
• it covers an ancient seat of civilization, 95, 151, 152;
• Copan forgotten and mysterious before the Conquest, 152;
• there was a long period of history preceded by development of the civilization, 152, 153;
• distinct epochs traced, 155, 156;
• no perishable materials left in the ruins, 156-159;
• an extreme notion of their antiquity, 157, 158, 207;
• another notion makes this the “oldest civilization in the world,” 159-61;
• Tyrians saw the old cities 3000 years ago, 162-64.
• Antiquity of the Mound-Builders, 45-51;
• a new river terrace formed since they left, 47;
• decayed condition of their skeletons shows antiquity, 48-9;
• “primeval” forests found growing over their works, 50-1.
• Astronomical monument in Southern Mexico, 122-3;
• at Chapultepec, 220-1;
• in Peru, 254;
• Mexican calendars, 214-15;
• Peruvian calendars, 236.
• See Telescopic Tubes.
• Atlantis supposed to be an ingulfed part of America, 175-7;
• its destruction recorded in Egypt and related to Solon, 177-8;
• said to be recorded in old Central American books, 176;
• Proclus on remembrance of Atlantis, 178;
• derivation of the words Atlas, Atlantes, and Atlantic, 179;
• opinions relative to former existence of such land, 180-1;
• geological probabilities, 181;
• memory of war with the Atlantes preserved at Athens, 178.
• Aztec civilization denied in a “New History,” 207-8;
• facts discredit this denial, 208-9;
• Cortez found abundant supplies, 208, 210;
• found Mexican mechanics, masons, and the like, 213, 214, 215;
• the city of Mexico and its great temple, realities, 208, 212, 215;
• both described, 211-12;
• present remains of them, 214-15.
• Aztecs, the, were less civilized than their predecessors, 221;
• they came from the south, 217-18;
• when they left Aztlan, 219;
• how long they had been in Mexico, 219;
• what they learned and borrowed of their neighbors, 220-1;
• did not adopt the phonetic system of writing, 221;
• could not have left such ruined cities as Palenque and Mitla, 221;
• Aztecs still found at the south, 218-19.

• Balboa’s hunt for Peru, 223-4.
• Basques, their fishing voyages to America, 62.
• Books of ancient America destroyed in Mexico and Central America by the Aztec Ytzcoatl, 189;
• by Spanish fanaticism, 188-9;
• a few of the later books saved, 180-196;
• some of the more important, 195-6;
• books of hieroglyphics in Peru, 256.
• Boturini collected Mexican and Central American books, 195;
• misfortunes of his collection, 195-6.
• Brasseur de Bourbourg on the antiquity of the Mound-Builders, 53;
• on their Mexican origin, 57;
• on their religion, 53;
• on the Chichimecs, 198;
• on Huehue Tlapalan, 201;
• on Nahuatl chronology, 204;
• his “Atlantic theory,” 159, 160, 174-83;
• he has great knowledge of American traditions and antiquities, 174;
• discovered the works of Ximenes and Landa’s Maya alphabet, 191, 192;
• translated “Popol-Vuh,” 192;
• he is unsystematic, confused, and fanciful, 102, 160.
• Brereton on the wild Indians of New England, 62-5;
• his invented stories of their copper and flax, 62, 63.

• Calendars in Mexico, 214-15;
• in Peru, 236.
• Central American and Southern Mexican ruins most important, 93;
• their masonry and ornamentation, 99-101;
• a great forest covers most of them, 94, 103, 104;
• a road built into the forest in 1695, 95, 151-2;
• this forest covers a chief seat of the ancient civilization, 95;
• Cinaca-Mecallo, 124.
• Cevola, “Seven Cities” of, 85-9.
• Charencey, M. de, attempts to decipher an inscription, 292-3;
• his singular speculation concerning the worship of Kukulcan, 293.
• Charnay, DesirÉ, his account of Mitla, 121, 122.
• Chronology of the Mexican race, 203-4;
• of the Peruvians, 265-6.
• Civilization, antiquity of, underrated, 181-2, 273.
• Cloth of Mound-Builders, fragments of, 41.
• Coin among the Muyscas, 271.
• “Coliseum” at Copan, 114.
• Columbus and the Mayas, 209-10.
• Copan, its ruins situated in wild region, 111;
• first discovered in 1576, and were then mysterious to the natives, 93, 111;
• what Mr. Stephens saw there, 111, 112;
• what Palacios found there 300 years ago, 113, 114;
• the inscriptions, monoliths, and decorations, 112;
• seems older than Palenque, 112, 113, 155.
• Copper of Lake Superior described, 43.
• Coronado’s conquest of “Cevola,” 85, 86.
• Cortez invades Mexico, 210;
• his progress, 210-11;
• well received at the city of Mexico, 211;
• driven from the city, 213;
• how the city was taken, 213-14;
• it was immediately rebuilt, 214;
• the plaza made of part of the inclosure of the great temple, 214;
• Cortez could not have invented the temple, 215.
• Cross, the, not originally a Christian emblem, 109;
• vastly older than Christianity as a symbolic device, 109, 110;
• common in Central American ruins, 109;
• the assumption that it was first used as a Christian emblem has misled inquiry as to the age and origin of antiquities, 110.
• Cuzco, Montesinos on its name, 227;
• was probably built by the Incas on the site of a ruined city of the older times, 226-7;
• the ruins at Cuzco, 226, 234-5.

• Egyptian pyramids totally unlike those in America, 183;
• no resemblance between Egyptians and the Mexican race, 183.
• Ethnology, American, discussed, 65-9;
• South Americans the oldest aborigines, 68, 69, 185;
• Huxley’s suggestion, 69.

• Gallatin, Albert, on Mound-Builders, 34.
• Garcilasso partly of Inca blood, 258;
• not well qualified to write a history of Peru, 258-9;
• he began with the fable of Manco-Capac, and confined all history to the Incas, 259-61;
• was received as an “authority,” 269;
• his influence has misdirected Peruvian studies, 269.
• Gila, valley of, its ruins, 82.
• Gold the most common metal in Peru, 250;
• astonishing abundance of Peruvian gold-work, 249-50;
• their gardens made of gold, 250;
• amount of gold sent from Peru to Spain, 238, 250;
• gold calendar found recently at Cuzco, 236.

• Herrara on the buildings in Yucatan, 149.
• Huehue-Tlapalan, from which the Toltecs went to Mexico, 57, 75, 201-3;
• supposed to be the Mississippi and Ohio valleys, 202, 203;
• described in old Central American books, 202;
• the Toltecs driven from Huehue-Tlapalan by the Chichimecs, or wild Indians, 203;
• it was at a distance northeast of Mexico, 201, 202;
• Cabrera and others on Huehue-Tlapalan, 202.
• Humboldt on Phoenician symbols in America, 186;
• on the origin of the Aztecs, 218;
• on Peruvian great roads, 245;
• on books of hieroglyphics found in Peru, 246, 255;
• describes the pyramid of Papantla, 91, 92.
• Huxley on American ethnology, 69.

• Incas of Peru, origin of the title, 267;
• they represent only the last period of Peruvian history, 261;
• their dynasty began 500 years or less before the Conquest, 260-1;
• list of the Incas, 261;
• Manco-Capac a fable, 260-1.
• Indians of North America, vain endeavors to connect them with the Mound-Builders, 62;
• came toward the Atlantic from the northwest, 59;
• the Iroquois group may have come first, 58;
• their distribution relative to the Algonquins, 59, 60;
• date of Algonquin migration estimated, 60;
• these Indians resemble the Koraks and Chookchees, 65, 185;
• they are entirely distinct from Mound-Builders and Pueblos, 60, 65;
• their barbarism original, 61.
• “Inscription Rock,” 78.
• Inscriptions in Central America written in Maya characters, 196;
• written perhaps in an old form of speech from which the Maya family of dialects was derived, 196;
• attempts to decipher them, 292.
• Iron, names for, in ancient Peru, 248.
• Israelitish theory of ancient America, 166-7.

• Keweenaw Point, a copper district, 44.
• Kukulcan, his worship, 220, 293.

• Lake Peten in the forest, Maya settlement there, 95;
• Ursua’s road from Yucatan to the lake, 95.
• Landa wrote on the Mayas of Yucatan, 191;
• preserved the Maya alphabet, with explanations, 191.
• Languages in Mexico and Central America, 200, 205;
• three groups, 216;
• probably not radically distinct, 206, 216;
• the most important group supposed to be Colhuan, 205.
• Las Casas on Central American annalists, 187-8;
• what he says of the old books and their destruction, 188.

• Maize, did Indians get it from Mound-Builders? 35.
• Malays, their ancient empire, 167-8;
• their navigation of the Pacific, 168;
• spread of their dialects, 168;
• came to America, 169, 170, 272;
• El MasÚdÍ on the Malays, 168;
• were not civilizers in America, 170-1;
• ruins of Malayan cities in Java, 163-9.
• Manco-Capac a fiction of the Incas, 260-1;
• discarded by Montesinos and other early Spanish writers, 261, 269.
• Mandan Indians supposed Mound-Builders, 74.
• Mayas first seen by Columbus, 209;
• their phonetic alphabet preserved, 191;
• descendants of the first civilizers, 233-4;
• remarkable monolithic gateways, 233-4;
• at old Huanuco, 239-40;
• at Gran-Chimu, 237-8;
• ruins of a large and populous city, 237;
• Cuelap, 239;
• Pachacamac, 243;
• subterranean passage under a river, 243;
• the aqueducts, 222, 237, 243;
• the great roads, 243-6;
• ruins at Cuzco, 234.
• Phoenicians, or people of that race, came probably to America in very ancient times, 172, 173;
• decline of geographical knowledge around the Ægean after Phoenicia was subjugated, about B.C. 813, 272-3;
• supposed Phoenician symbols in Central America, 186;
• Phoenician race may have influenced Central American civilization, but did not originate it, 173, 185;
• Tyrians storm-driven to America, 162, 163.
• Pizarro seeks Peru, 224-5;
• discovers the country, 225;
• goes to Spain for aid, 225;
• finally lands at Tumbez, 225;
• marches to Caxamalca, 220;
• perpetrates wholesale murder and seizes the Inca, 220;
• the Inca fills a room with gold for ransom, and is murdered, 220, 249.
• “Popol-Vuh,” an old QuichÉ book translated, 192;
• what it contains, 193;
• QuichÉ account of the creation, 194;
• four attempts to create man, 194-5;
• its mythology grew out of an older system, 193-4;
• kingdom of QuichÉ not older than 1200 A.D., 193.
• Pueblos, 76, 77;
• Pueblo ruins, 77-89;
• occupied northern frontier of the Mexican race, 68, 217-18;
• unlike the wild Indians, 67-8.

• QuichÉs, notices of, 193.
• Quippus, Peruvian, 254-5.
• Quirigua, its ruins like those of Copan, but older, 114;
• it is greatly decayed, 117;
• has inscriptions, 117.
• Quito subjugated by Huayna-Capac, 225;
• was civilized like Peru, 270;
• modern traveler’s remark on, 276.

THE END.