  LIST OF AUTHORS.
Allen, Levi. Scientific American, New Series, October 27th, 1883, page 259. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1839, vol. XXXVI., page 184. Auchincloss, W. S., C. E. Waters within the Earth and the Laws of Rainflow, Philadelphia, 1897. Badin, Adolphe. Grottes et Cavernes, Paris, Hachette, 1867. Baedeker, Karl. Handbook of Austria. Handbook of the Eastern Alps. Handbook of South Eastern France. Handbook of Switzerland. Handbook of the United States. Baker, M. S. The Lava Region of Northern California: Sierra Club Bulletin, San Francisco, Cal., 1899, vol. II., page 318. Balch, Edwin Swift. Ice Caves and the Causes of Subterranean Ice: Allen, Lane & Scott, Philadelphia, November, 1896, and The Journal of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, March, 1897, vol. CXLIII., pages 161-178. Ice Cave Hunting in Central Europe: Appalachia, Boston, 1897, vol. VIII., pages 203-209. Baltzer, Dr. A. Eine Neue EishÖhle im Berner Oberland: Jahrbuch des Schweizer Alpen Club, Bern, 1892-1893, pages 358-362. Behrens, Dr. Georg Henning. Hercynia Curiosa, Nordhausen, 1703. Bel, Matthias. Philosophical Transactions, London, 1739, vol. XLI., page 41 et seq. Benedict, Aiden S. Decorah Republican, June 19th, 1881. Berthoud, Edward L. American Journal of Science and Arts, Third Series, 1876, vol. XI., page 108. Bielz, E. Albert. SiebenbÜrgen, Handbuch, Carl Graeser, Wien, 1885. Billerez, Mons. de. Histoire de l’AcadÉmie Royale des Sciences, 1712, page 22 et seq. Bonney, T. G. The Alpine Regions, 1868. Nature, vol. XI., pages 310, 327, 328. BouÉ, Dr. Ami. La Turquie d’Europe, Paris, 1840, vol. I., page 132. Sitzungsbericht der K. K. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 1864, I. Theil, page 321 et seq. Boz, Mons. de, IngÉnieur du Roy. Histoire de l’AcadÉmie Royale des Sciences, 1726, pages 16, 17. Browne, The Reverend G. F. Ice Caves in France and Switzerland, London, Longmans, 1865. Ice Caves of Annecy: Good Words, Edinburgh, November, 1866. Bulletin, The Evening, Philadelphia, March 1st, 1899. Burslem, Captain Rollo. A Peep into Toorkisthan, 1846. C. B. A. Scientific American, May 3d, 1879. Cantwell, Lieutenant J. C. Ice Cliffs on the Kowak River: National Geographic Magazine, October, 1896. Carrel, Chanoine G. BibliothÈque Universelle de GenÈve, 1841, vol. XXXIV., page 196. Christian Herald, March 24th, 1897. Colladon. His manuscript notes were used by J. A. Deluc in Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Paris, 1822, vol. XXI., page 113 et seq. Cossigny, Mons. de, IngÉnieur en chef de BesanÇon. MÉmoires de MathÉmatique et de physique prÉsentÉs À l’AcadÉmie Royale des Sciences, 1750, vol. I., page 195 et seq. Cranmer, Professor Hans. EishÖhlen und WindrÖhren Studien: Abhandlungen der K. K. Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. I., 1899. Cranmer, Professor Hans, and Sieger, Professor Dr. Rob. Untersuchungen in den OetscherhÖhlen: Globus, 1899, vol. LXXV., pages 313-318, and 333-335. Cvijic, Dr. A. Les GlaciÈres Naturelles de Serbie: SpÉlunca, Bulletin de la SociÉtÉ de SpÉlÉologie, 2me AnnÉe, Paris, 1896, pages 64-77. Dawkins, Professor W. Boyd. Cave Hunting, London, Macmillan, 1874. DeLuc, Jean AndrÉ, Neveu. Des GlaciÈres Naturelles et de la cause qui forme la glace dans ces cavitÉs, GenÈve 12 October, 1822: Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Paris, 1822, vol. XXI., page 113 et seq. Dent, R. K., and Hill, Joseph. Historic Staffordshire, Birmingham, 1896. Dewey. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1819, vol. I., page 340, and 1822, vol. V., page 398. Dispatch: Frankford, Pennsylvania, 22d January, 1897. Dittmar, C. v. Ueber die EismÜlden im Östlichen Sibirien: Bulletin de la classe Physico-mathÉmatique de l’AcadÉmie ImpÉriale des Sciences de St. PÉtersbourg, 1853, Tome XI., pages 305-312. Drioton, ClÉment. Les Cavernes de la CÔte d’Or: MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ de SpÉlÉologie, Paris, 1897, vol. I., page 209. Dufour, Lieutenant-Colonel. Notice sur la caverne et glaciÈre naturelle du Rothhorn: BibliothÈque Universelle de GenÈve, 1822, vol. XXI., page 113 et seq. Dufour, L. Ueber das Gefrieren des Wassers und Über die Bildung des Hagels: Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1861, vol. CXIV., pages 530-554. Dunant, C. Le Parmelan et ses Lapiaz: Annuaire du Club Alpin FranÇais, 2me vol., Paris, 1875. Fugger, Professor Eberhard. Über EishÖhlen: Petermann’s Mittheilungen, vol. XXIX., 1883, pages 12-19. Beobachtungen in den EishÖhlen des Untersberges, Salzburg, 1888. EishÖhlen und WindrÖhen, Salzburg, 1891, 1892, 1893. EishÖhlen und WindrÖhren: Mittheilungen der K. K. Geographischen Gesellschaft, Vienna, 1894, pages 97-134. GÉographie, La: Bulletin de la SociÉtÉ de GÉographie, Paris, 1900, vol. I., pages 52-54. Georgi, John Gottl. Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich, Saint Petersburg, 1775, vol. I., page 369. Gibbs, G. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1853, Second Series, vol. XV., page 146. Girardot, Albert. Les derniÈres observations du Capitaine L. Trouillet À la glaciÈre de Chaux-les-Passavant: MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ d’Émulation du Doubs, 1886. Girod-Chantrans, Le Citoyen. Journal des Mines, Prairial, An. IV., pages 65-72. Gollut, Lois. Les MÉmoires Historiques de la Repub. Sequanoise, DÔle, 1592. Guimard, Paul. Voyage en Islande et au GrÖenland exÉcutÉ pendant les annÉes 1835 et 1836, Paris, 1838. Guyot, Professor Arnold. Well’s Annual of Scientific Discovery, 1856, page 190. Hablizl. Description physique de la contrÉe de la Tauride, La Haye, 1788, pages 35-43. Hacquet. Oryctographia Carniolica, Leipzig, 1778. Hager, Albert D. Hitchcock’s Geology of Vermont, 1861, vol. I., page 198 et seq. Hann, Hochstetter and Pokorny. Allgemeine Erdkunde, 1887, pages 435, 436. Hayden, C. B. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1843, vol. XLV., page 78. Heilprin, Professor Angelo. Ice Caves and Ice Gorges: Around the World, Philadelphia, 1894, pages 194, 195. Henderson, Ebenezer. Iceland, or a Journal of a Residence in that Island, Edinburgh, 1819, 2d Edition, page 420. Hitchcock, Professor Edward. Geology of Vermont, 1861, vol. I. Histoire de l’AcadÉmie Royale des Sciences, 1686, Tome II., pages 2, 3, 22: published in Paris in 1733. Hovey, The Reverend Horace Carter. Celebrated American Caverns, Cincinnati, Robert Clarke, 1882. Humboldt, Alexander von. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions, London, 1814, vol. I., pages 154-156. Ice Trade Journal, Philadelphia, July, 1897. Into the Schafloch: Temple Bar, London, November, 1861, vol. III., pages 393-401. Jackson. Report of the Geology of Maine, 1839, vol. III. Jars. Voyages MÉtallurgiques, 1774, vol. I., page 108. Jarz, Konrad. Die EishÖhlen bei Frain in MÄhren: Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1882, pages 170-176. Jungk, C. G. Ueber Temperaturerniedrigung bei der Absorption des Wassers durch feste KÖrper: Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1865, vol. CXXIV., pages 292-308. Kircher, Athanasius. Mundus Subterraneus, 1664. Kirchhoff, Theodore. Reisebilder und Skizzen aus America, 1876, vol. II., page 211. KÖrber, H. Das Schafloch: Jahrbuch des Schweizer Alpen Club, Bern, 1885, vol. XX., pages 316-343. Kotzebue, Otto von. A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Bering’s Strait in the years 1815-1818, London, 1821, vol. I., page 220. Kovarik, Alois F. The Decorah Ice Cave and its Explanation: Scientific American Supplement, No. 1195, November 26, 1898, pages 19158, 19159. Ice Cave Observations: Decorah Public Opinion, September 20th, 1899. Kraus, Franz. HÖhlenkunde, Wien, 1894. Krenner, Dr. Jos. Alex. Die EishÖhle von Dobschau, Budapest, 1874. Lathrop, Dr. S. Pearl. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1844, vol. XLVI., page 331. Lee, C. A. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1824, vol. VIII., page 254. Lepechin, Dr. Iwan. Tagebuch der Reise durch verschiedenen Provinzen des Russischen Reiches in den Jahren 1768, 1769, Altenburg, 1774. Lohmann, Hans. Das HÖhleneis unter besonderer BerÜcksichtigung einiger EishÖhlen des Erzgebirges, Jena, 1895. Loomis, Professor Elias. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, New Series, 1860, vol. XII., page 283. Lowe, N. M. Paradoxical Phenomena in Ice Caves: Science Observer, vol. II., pages 57, 58, Boston, 1879. Lowe, W. Besant. La GlaciÈre Naturelle de Dobschau: La Nature, 2d August, 1879. Lyell, Sir Charles. Principles of Geology, 11th Edition, New York, Appleton & Co., 1877. M. L. E. Decorah Republican, June 10th, 1879. Macomber, D. O. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1839, vol. XXXVI., page 184. Marbach, Dr. Oswald. HÖhlen: Physikalisches Lexicon, vol. III., pages 836-842. Marinitsch, J. La Kacna Jama: MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ de SpÉlÉologie, April, 1896, vol. I., page 83 et seq. Martel, Edouard Alfred. Les Abimes, Paris, Charles Delagrave, 1894. Sous Terre: Annuaire du Club Alpin FranÇais, vol. XXIII., 1896, pages 42, 43. Reviews in French of Ice Caves and the Causes, etc., and Ice Cave Hunting, etc., by E. S. Balch: MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ de SpÉlÉologie, Paris, vol. I., December, 1897, pages 349-352. 10me Campagne Souterraine: MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ de SpÉlÉologie, vol. III., 1899, pages 246-254. Meehan, W. E. Philadelphia Ledger, 1896. Meissner, Franz. Ueber die beim Benetzen pulverfÖrmiger KÖrper auftretende WÄrmetonung: Wiedemann’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1886, vol. XXIX., pages 114-131. MÉnÉgaux. La GlaciÈre Naturelle de la GrÂce-Dieu ou de Chaux-les-Passavant: Illustration, Paris, 30th January, 1897. Mercer, Henry Chapman. The Hill Caves of Yucatan, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott, 1896. Middendorff, Dr. A. Th. von. Zusatz: Bulletin de la classe physico-mathÉmatique de l’AcadÉmie ImpÉriale des Sciences de St. PÉtersbourg, 1853, Tome XI., pages 312-316. Montpeyreux, Dubois de. Voyage autour du Caucase, 1843. Morin, Auguste. Quoted by Thury in BibliothÈque Universelle de GenÈve, 1861, vol. X., page 150. Mousson, A. Einige Thatsachen betreffend das Schmelzen und Gefrieren des Wassers: Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1858, vol. CV., pages 161-174. Munro, J., C. E. Jack Frost as an Artist: Cassell’s Family Magazine, February, 1895, pages 228-231. Murchison, Vernieul and Keyserling. The Geology of Russia and the Ural Mountains, 1845, vol. I., pages 186-198. Nagel, J. N. His manuscript was published in 1857 by Schmidl in Die HÖhlen des Ötscher, pages 36-39. Nature’s Ice Caves: Chambers’ Edinburgh Journal, New Series, 1850, vol. XII., page 169. Nicholson. Journal of Natural Philosophy, 1797, vol. I., page 229 et seq. Niessl, G. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Verein in BrÜnn, 1867, vol. VI., page 62. Olafsen, Eggert and Povelsen, Biarne. Voyage en Islande; traduit du Danois par Gautier de Lapeyronie, Paris, 1802. Olmstaed, Professor D. Well’s Annual of Scientific Discovery, 1856, page 190. Owen, Luella Agnes. Cave Regions of the Ozarks and Black Hills, Cincinnati, The Editor Publishing Company, 1898. Parrot, Georg Friederich. Grundriss der Physik der Erde und Geologie, Riga and Leipzig, 1815, pages 92-99. Pelech, Dr. Johann E. The Valley of Stracena and the Dobschau Ice Cavern; translated by W. Bezant Lowe; London, TrÜbner & Co., 1879. Peters, Karl F. Geologische und Mineralogische Studien aus dem SÜdÖstlichen Ungarn: Sitzungsbericht der K. K. Akademie der Wissenchaften, Vienna, vol. XLIII., 1861, pages 435-437. Petruzzi, Professor. In Berichte Über die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien; collected and published by Wilhelm Haidinger, vol. VII., Vienna, December, 1857. Pictet, Professor M. A. MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ d’Histoire Naturelle de GenÈve, 1821, vol. I., page 151. MÉmoire sur les glaciÈres naturelles du Jura et des Alpes: BibliothÈque Universelle de GenÈve, 1822, vol. XX., page 261 et seq. Pleischl, Professor A. Über das Eis im Sommer Zwischen den BasalttrÜmmern bei Kameik in BÖhmen: Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1841, vol. LIV., pages 292-299. Poggendorff, J. C. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, ErgÄnzungsband, 1842, pages 517-519; and 1850, vol. LXXXI., page 579 et seq. Poissenot, Benigne. Nouvelles Histoires Tragiques, Paris, 1586. Posselt-Csorich, A. Zeitschrift des Deutschen und Oesterreichischen Alpen Verein, 1880. Post-Dispatch, St. Louis, July 13th and September 5th, 1897. Press, The, Philadelphia, August 1st, 1897. Prestwich, Joseph. On Underground Temperatures: Proceedings Royal Society, 1885. Reprinted in Collected papers on some controverted questions of Geology, London, Macmillan, 1885. PrÉvost, Professor Pierre. Journal de GenÈve, No. 11, 21st March, 1789. Recherches physico-mÉcaniques sur la chÂleur Solaire, GenÈve, 1792, page 206. Public Ledger, The, Philadelphia, July 6th, 1896; and September 25th, 1899. Raymond, R. W. The Ice Caves of Washington Territory: Overland Monthly, 1869, vol. III., page 421. Reich, F. Beobachtungen Über die Temperatur des Gesteines, Freiberg, 1834, pages 175-205. Ritchie, John, Jr. Editorial: Science Observer, Boston, 1879, vol. II., pages 60-64. Ice Caves: Boston Transcript, January 2d, 1897. Talks in Science Fields: The Happy Thought, Boston, January 23d, 1897, page 10. Rogers, Professor W. B. Well’s Annual of Scientific Discovery, 1856, page 190. Romain-Joly, Fr. Joseph, Capucin. La Franche-ComtÉ, Lettres À Mlle. d’Udressier, Paris, 1779, pages 32, 33. RosenmÜller, Dr., and Tilesius, Dr. Beschreibung MerkwÜrdiger HÖhlen, Leipzig, 1799. Rozet. EncyclopÉdie Moderne, Didot frÈres, Paris, 1858, Tome XVI., page 502. Russell, Professor Israel Cook. 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Edinburgh Journal of Science, 1826, vol. V., page 154. Memoir of the Geology of Central France, London, 1827. The Geology and Extinct Volcanoes of Central France, London, 1858. Sieger, Professor Dr. Rob. See Cranmer. Silliman, Benjamin. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1822, vol. IV., pages 174 and 177; and 1839, vol. XXXVI., page 185. Smyth, C. Piazzi. Teneriffe, An Astronomer’s Experiment, 1858. SpÉlÉologie, MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ de, Paris, vols. I., II., III. Beginning in 1897. SpÉlunca, Bulletin de la SociÉtÉ de SpÉlÉologie, Paris. Beginning with January, 1895. Strachey, General Sir Richard. Narrative of a Journey to the Lakes Rakas-tal and Manasorowar, in Western Tibet, undertaken in September, 1848: Geographical Journal, London, 1900, vol. XV., page 168. Telegraph, The Evening, Philadelphia, January 2d, 1896, and January 20th, 1897. Terlanday, Professor Emil. Meine Erfahrungen in der EishÖhle von Szilize: Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1893, page 283. Sommereisbildung in der EishÖhle von Szilize: Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1896, page 217. ThomÄ, Dr. C. Das Unterirdische Eisfeld bei der Dornburg, Wiesbaden, 1841. Thury, HÉricart de. Journal des Mines, vol. XXXIII., page 157. The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, vol. II., page 80. Thury, Professor. Études sur les GlaciÈres Naturelles: BibliothÈque Universelle, Archives des Sciences physiques de GenÈve, 1861, vol. X., pages 97-153. Times, The, Philadelphia, November 18th, 1896. Townson, Robert, LL. D. Travels in Hungary, 1797, pages 317-321. Trouillet, Capitaine. La GlaciÈre de Chaux-les-Passavant: MÉmoires de la SociÉtÉ d’Émulation du Doubs, BesanÇon, 1885. Umlauft, Professor Dr. Friedrich. Die Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie, Wien, Pest, Leipzig, 1883. Valvasor, Johann Weichard, Freiherrn. Die Ehre des Herzogthumes Crain, Laybach, 1689. Villard, L. Grottes du Vercors: SpÉlunca, 1896, vol. II., page 39. Voigt, Joh. Carl Wilhelm. 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