Writings in Connection with the Donatist Controversy

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Aug. De Hoer. c. 69; Enarr. in Ps. 132, secs. 3, 6; C. Cresc. iii. 46, 47; C. Gaudentium i. 32.

[2] Epist. xlix. li.

[3] Vol. ix p. 34, etc.

[4] The other works bearing on this controversy are mentioned in the exhaustive volume of Ferd. Ribbeck, Donatus und Augustinus (Elberfeld, 1858).—Ed.

[5] This treatise was written about 400 A.D.

[6] Contra Epist. Parmen. ii. 14.

[7] Comp. v. 23, and iii. 16, note.

[8] Ps. lxi. 2, 3. Augustine translates from the Septuagint. The English version is: "From the end of the earth will I cry unto Thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the Rock that is higher than I. For Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy."

[9] Eph. ii. 6.

[10] Matt. vii. 15.

[11] Matt. xxiv. 23.

[12] Matt. xi. 24.

[13] The Council of Donatist bishops, held at Bagai in Numidia, A.D. 394. Cp. Contr. Crescon. iii. 52, 53.

[14] Quodam modo cardinales Donatistas.

[15] See below, on ii. 9.

[16] Matt. xii. 30.

[17] Mark ix. 38, 39; Luke ix. 50.

[18] Acts x.

[19] Ex. xxxii.

[20] Num. xvi.

[21] 1 Cor. xiii. 2.

[22] 1 Cor. xiii. 1, 2.

[23] John xi. 51.

[24] 1 Sam. xviii. 10.

[25] Acts viii. 13.

[26] Mark i. 24.

[27] Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[28] Acts viii. 13, 21.

[29] 1 Cor. iii. 1-4.

[30] 1 Cor. i. 10-13.

[31] 1 Cor. x. 11. In figura; :t?p????; A. V., "for ensamples."

[32] Gen. xxi. 10.

[33] Gen. xxx. 3.

[34] Mal. i. 2, 3; Gen. xxv. 24.

[35] Matt. xxviii. 19.

[36] John xx. 23.

[37] Song of Sol. vi. 9.

[38] 1 John ii. 11.

[39] Gal. iii. 27.

[40] Wisd. i. 5.

[41] Debebat. It is necessary to depart from the A. V., "owed," as Augustine founds an argument on the use of the imperfect tense. Gr. ?fe??e?.

[42] Matt. xviii. 23-35.

[43] 1 Cor. xv. 46.

[44] 1 Cor. ii. 14.

[45] Gal. iv.

[46] Ps. cxxxix. 16.

[47] So Augustine from the Septuagint: ep? ???? s?? pa?t?? ??af?s??ta?. A.V., "In Thy book were all my members written."

[48] Non caste; ??? a????. Phil. i. 16.

[49] In the Retractations, ii. 18, Augustine notes on this passage, that wherever he uses this quotation from the Epistle to the Ephesians, he means it to be understood of the progress of the Church towards this condition, and not of her success in its attainment; for at present the infirmities and ignorance of her members give ground enough for the whole Church joining daily in the petition, "Forgive us our debts."

[50] Gen. xv. 10.

[51] 1 Pet. iv. 8.

[52] See below, ii. 9.

[53] Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[54] Ps. lxxiii. 18.

[55] 1 Cor. xii. 31, xiii. 1.

[56] John xv. 1, 2.

[57] John xiii. 34.

[58] Gal. v. 22, 23.

[59] Botrum.

[60] John xv. 2.

[61] Rom. iii. 17; from which it has been introduced into the Alexandrine MS. of the Septuagint at Ps. xiv. 3, as it is quoted by Migne, and found in the English Prayer-book version of the Psalms.

[62] Charitatis ubera.

[63] PrÆfocantur.

[64] The Council of Carthage, September 1, A.D. 256, in which eighty-seven African bishops declared in favour of rebaptizing heretics. The opinions of the bishops are quoted and answered by Augustine, one by one, in Books vi. and vii.

[65] Matt. xvi. 18.

[66] Cypr. Ep. lxxi.

[67] Gal. i. 20.

[68] Gal. ii. 14.

[69] Luke xxiii. 40-43.

[70] Matt. xxvi. 69-75.

[71] That is, the proconsular province of Africa, or Africa Zeugitana, answering to the northern part of the territory of Tunis.

[72] See above, c. i. 2.

[73] Bede asserts that this was the case, Book viii. qu. 5.

[74] See above, c. ii. 3.

[75] Matt. xxii. 30.

[76] 1 Cor. x. 13.

[77] Phil. iii. 15.

[78] Rom. iii. 17; see on i. 19, 29.

[79] Phil. iii. 16.

[80] 1 Cor. xiii. 3.

[81] Eph. iv. 3.

[82] Traditores sanctorum librorum.

[83] Ex. xxxii.

[84] Jer. xxxvi.

[85] Num. xvi.

[86] Non convicti sed conficti traditores.

[87] Rom. xiv. 4.

[88] Ps. lviii. 1; though slightly varied from the LXX.: si vere justitiam diligitis; for e? a????? a?a d??a??s???? ?a?e?te

[89] John vii. 24.

[90] Matt. vii. 15.

[91] 1 Cor. xiv. 29, 30.

[92] Cypr. Ep. lxxi.

[93] The former Council of Carthage was held by Agrippinus early in the third century, the ordinary date given being 215 A.D.

[94] Tanquam lectulo auctoritatis.

[95] Cypr. Ep. lxxi.

[96] The general Council, on whose authority Augustine relies in many places in this work, was either that of Arles, in 314 A.D., or of NicÆa, in 325 A.D., both of them being before his birth, in 354 A.D. He quotes the decision of the same council, contra Parmenianum, ii. 13, 30; de Hoeresibus, 69; Ep. xliii. 7, 19. Migne brings forward the following passages in favour of its being the Council of Arles to which Augustine refers, since in them he ascribes the decision of the controversy to "the authority of the whole world." Contra Parmenianum, iii. 4, 21: "They condemned," he says, "some few in Africa, by whom they were in turn vanquished by the judgment of the whole world;" and he adds, that "the Catholics trusted ecclesiastical judges like these in preference to the defeated parties in the suit." Ib. 6, 30: He says that the Donatists, "having made a schism in the unity of the Church, were refuted, not by the authority of 310 African bishops, but by that of the whole world." And in the sixth chapter of the first book of the same treatise, he says that the Donatists, after the decision at Arles, came again to Constantine, and there were defeated "by a final decision," i.e. at Milan, as is seen from Ep. xliii. 7, 20, in the year 316 A.D.

[97] See above, ch. ii. 3.

[98] See above, ch. ii. 3.

[99] Rom. xiv. 4.

[100] Wisd. xii. 10.

[101] Ps. ciii. 8. "And truth" is not found in the A. V., nor in the Roman version of the LXX. The Alexandrian MS. adds ?a? a???e????.

[102] Ezek. xxiii. 11.

[103] 2 Tim. iv. 2.

[104] John xii. 43.

[105] He is alluding to that chief schism among the Donatists, which occurred when Maximianus was consecrated bishop of Carthage, in opposition to Primianus, 394 A.D.

[106] Optatus, a Donatist bishop of Thaumugade in Numidia, was called Gildonianus from his adherence to Gildo, Count of Africa, and generalissimo of the province under the elder Theodosius. On his death, in 395 A.D., Gildo usurped supreme authority, and by his aid Optatus was enabled to oppress the Catholics in the province, till, in 398 A.D., Gildo was defeated by his brother Maxezel, and destroyed himself, and Optatus was put in prison, where he died soon afterwards. He is not to be confounded with Optatus, Bishop of Milevis, the strenuous opponent of the Donatists.

[107] The Council of Bagai. See above, I. v. 7.

[108] Matt. xviii. 19.

[109] 1 Pet. iv. 8.

[110] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. to Jubaianus.

[111] John xiii. 10. "Qui lotus est, non habet necessitatem iterum lavandi." The Latin, with the A.V., loses the distinction between ? ?e???????, "he that has bathed," and ??pte??, to wash; and further introduces the idea of repetition.

[112] John iii. 5.

[113] See above, c. ii. 3.

[114] See above, ii. ii. 3.

[115] See above, II. ii. 3.

[116] Ecclus. iii. 18.

[117] See above, II. ii. 3.

[118] John i. 33.

[119] The Council of Carthage.

[120] Epist. lxxiii. sec. 20, to Jubaianus.

[121] Conc. Carth. sec. 28.

[122] John xiv. 6.

[123] Conc. Carth. sec. 30.

[124] Ib. sec. 56.

[125] Gal. ii. 11-14.

[126] Conc. Carth. sec. 63.

[127] Ib. sec. 77.

[128] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 1.

[129] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 2.

[130] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 3.

[131] Above, Book i. c. xi. foll.

[132] Non ut jam vere dimissa non retineantur. One of the negatives here appears to be superfluous, and the former is omitted in Amerbach's edition, and in many of the MSS., which continue the sentence, "non ut ille baptismus," instead of "neque ut ille," etc. If the latter negative were omitted, the sense would be improved, and "neque" would appropriately remain.

[133] 2 Cor. ii. 15, 16.

[134] Phantasmata.

[135] 1 Cor. ii. 14.

[136] 1 Cor. i. 13.

[137] 1 Cor. iii. 1-3.

[138] Eph. iv. 14.

[139] Matt. xxviii. 19.

[140] Cp. Concilium Arelatense, can. 8. "De Afris, quod propria lege utuntur ut rebaptizent; placuit ut si ad ecclesiam aliquis de hÆresi venerit, interrogent eum symbolum; et si perviderint eum in Patre, et Filio, et Spiritu sancto esse baptizatum, manus ei tantum imponatur, ut accipiat Spiritum sanctum. Quod si interrogatus non responderit hanc Trinitatem, baptizetur."

[141] Phil. iii. 15.

[142] Jer. xv. 18, quoted from the LXX.

[143] Rev. xvii. 15.

[144] Rom. v. 5.

[145] 1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.

[146] 1 Cor. xii. 11.

[147] Acts viii. 13.

[148] 1 Sam. x. 6, 10.

[149] 1 Tim. i. 5.

[150] He refers to laying on of hands such as he mentions below, Book v. c. xxiii.: "If hands were not laid on one who returned from heresy, he would be judged to be free from all fault."

[151] Matt. xvi. 19.

[152] Song of Sol. vi. 9.

[153] Cypr. de Lapsis, c. 4.

[154] John xx. 21-23.

[155] 1 Cor. ii. 15.

[156] Eph. v. 27. Cp. Retract. ii. 18, quoted above on I. xvii.

[157] Tit. i. 7.

[158] Num. xvi.

[159] Lev. x. 1, 2.

[160] Rom. ii. 4.

[161] Acts viii. 5-17.

[162] Because Cyprian, in his letter to Jubaianus (Ep. lxxiii. sec. 8), had urged as following from this, that "there is no reason, dearest brother, why we should think it right to yield to heretics that baptism which was granted to the one and only Church."

[163] Deut. iv. 24.

[164] Hos. ii. 5, from the LXX.

[165] John i. 47.

[166] John xiv. 21.

[167] John xiii. 34, 35.

[168] Matt. v. 17.

[169] Rom. xiii. 10.

[170] John xv. 1-5.

[171] Prov. xviii. 1, from the LXX.

[172] 1 John ii. 19.

[173] 2 Tim. ii. 16-21.

[174] Hos. ii. 5-8, from the LXX.

[175] In the LXX., as well as in the English version, this is in the second person: t?? ?at?s?? t?? p??????? s??.

[176] Ezek. xvi. 17-19.

[177] 1 Tim. iv. 1, 2.

[178] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. ad Jubaian. sec. 10.

[179] Gen. ii. 8-14.

[180] Matt. xvi. 18, 19.

[181] Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

[182] Tit. i. 16.

[183] 1 Pet. iii. 21.

[184] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 9.

[185] Eph. v. 26, 27.

[186] Song of Sol. vi. 9.

[187] Rom. xiv. 6.

[188] Retract. ii. 18, quoted on I. xvii.

[189] Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

[190] Matt. vii. 23.

[191] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 9.

[192] Ib. lxxvii. sec. 10.

[193] Cypr. Ep. lxxvii. sec. 10.

[194] 1 Cor. vi. 10.

[195] Eph. v. 5.

[196] Cypr. Ep. lv. sec. 23.

[197] 2 Cor. vi. 16.

[198] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 11.

[199] 1 Tim. i. 13.

[200] 2 Tim. ii. 24.

[201] Cypr. Ep. lxxiv. sec. 12.

[202] Eph. v. 5.

[203] Col. iii. 5. Cypr. Ep. lv. sec. 23.

[204] 1 Tim. i. 13.

[205] Eph. v. 5.

[206] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 11.

[207] Gal. ii. 14.

[208] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 11.

[209] Phil. i. 18. Cyprian, like the Vulgate, reads "annuntietur."

[210] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 12.

[211] Luke ii. 14. "Hominibus bonÆ voluntatis;" and so the Vulgate, following the reading e? a????p??? e?d???a?.

[212] Cypr. de Zel. et Liv. c. 1.

[213] Ib. c. 3.

[214] Wisd. ii. 24, 25.

[215] Conc. Carth. sub in.

[216] 1 Cor. xi. 16.

[217] This treatise is still extant. See Clark's Trans.

[218] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

[219] Rom. ii. 21.

[220] Cypr. de Lapsis. c. iv.

[221] 1 Cor. vi. 10.

[222] Ps. xv. 5.

[223] Eph. v. 5.

[224] Matt. xiii. 29.

[225] Phil. i. 15-18.

[226] Wisd. ii. 24, 25.

[227] Matt. xiii. 28, 25.

[228] Matt. xiii. 23; Luke viii. 15.

[229] Rev. ii. 6.

[230] Acts viii. 9-24.

[231] Phil. ii. 21.

[232] 1 Cor. xiii. 5.

[233] Eph. v. 27; Retract. ii. 18.

[234] Song of Sol. vi. 8.

[235] Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

[236] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 12.

[237] Luke ix. 49, 50.

[238] Matt. xii. 30.

[239] Gal. ii. 14.

[240] Phil. iii. 15.

[241] Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.

[242] Phil. i. 18; see on ch. vii. 10.

[243] John i. 33.

[244] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13; 2 Tim. ii. 17.

[245] 1 Cor. xv. 32, 33, 12.

[246] Eph. v. 5.

[247] 2 Tim. ii. 20.

[248] Ps. ii. 9.

[249] Cypr. Ep. lv. sec. 21.

[250] 2 Tim. ii. 17-20.

[251] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13.

[252] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13; 2 Cor. vi. 14.

[253] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13; 2 Cor. vi. 14.

[254] 1 John ii. 9.

[255] Phil. i. 15, 16.

[256] Cypr. l.c.

[257] Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

[258] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 13.

[259] Matt. vii. 23.

[260] Matt. xxv. 41.

[261] Rom. ii. 4.

[262] Ps. lxxxix. 32, 33.

[263] Ecclus. xxx. 23. The words "placentes Deo" are derived from the Latin version only.

[264] Matt. xxiv. 13.

[265] From a letter of Pope Stephen's, quoted Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 14.

[266] Matt. xiii. 21.

[267] 2 Tim. ii. 21.

[268] 2 Tim. ii. 19.

[269] Matt. vii. 23.

[270] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 14.

[271] Ib. de Laps. sec. 4.

[272] Ib. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

[273] Ib. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 14.

[274] 1 Cor. ii. 14.

[275] 1 Cor. iii. 3.

[276] 2 Cor. iv. 16.

[277] Photinus, bishop of Sirmium, was condemned and deposed by a synod held in his own city, in 351, for teaching that there was no distinction of persons in the Godhead.

[278] Hos. ii. 5-7.

[279] Cypr. Ep. lxxxiii. sec. 18.

[280] 1 Cor. xiii. 3.

[281] Cypr. l.c.

[282] Matt. xii. 30.

[283] 1 Cor. vi. 10.

[284] Gal. v. 19-21.

[285] Eph. v. 5, 6.

[286] 1 Cor. vi. 9, 10.

[287] Matt. xi. 24.

[288] Matt. xxv. 41.

[289] John iii. 5.

[290] Another reading, of less authority, is, "Aut catechumeno sacramentum baptismi prÆferendum putamus." This does not suit the sense of the passage, and probably sprung from want of knowledge of the meaning of the "catechumen's sacrament." It is mentioned in the third Council of Carthage as "the sacrament of salt" (Conc. Carth. 3, can. 5). Augustine (de Peccat. Meritis, ii. c. 26) says that "what the catechumens receive, though it be not the body of Christ, yet is holy, more holy than the food whereby our bodies are sustained, because it is a sacrament."—Cp. de Catech. Rudibus, c. 26. It appears to have been only a taste of salt, given them as the emblem of purity and incorruption. See Bingham, Orig. Eccles. Book x. c. ii. 16.

[291] Acts x. 44.

[292] Acts viii. 13, 18, 19.

[293] Matt. v. 20.

[294] Acts x. 4, 5.

[295] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 19.

[296] Luke xxiii. 43.

[297] In Retract. ii. 18, Augustine expresses a doubt whether the thief may not have been baptized.

[298] Rom. x. 10.

[299] Matt. iii 6, 13.

[300] Rom. iv. 11, 3.

[301] Gen. xvii. 9-14.

[302] Ex. iv. 24.

[303] John ix. 21.

[304] Acts xix. 3-5.

[305] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. ad Jubaian. sec. 20.

[306] See below, Book VII. c. ii.

[307] Phil. iii. 15.

[308] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 21.

[309] 1 Tim. i. 8.

[310] John xiii. 27.

[311] 1 Cor. xi. 29.

[312] 1 Tim. i. 5.

[313] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 21; Acts xix. 3-5.

[314] John iii. 27.

[315] John i. 16.

[316] John xiii. 4, 5.

[317] Matt. iii. 13.

[318] Matt. xi. 11.

[319] John i. 27.

[320] Rom. x. 4.

[321] Cypr. Serm. de Lapsis, c. iv.

[322] Eph. ii. 6.

[323] Rom. viii. 24.

[324] Matt. iii. 11.

[325] John i. 29.

[326] Acts xix. 3-5.

[327] Matt. iii. 16; John i. 33.

[328] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

[329] John i. 33.

[330] John xv. 15.

[331] Num. xvii. 8.

[332] 1 Cor. i. 12-15.

[333] Matt. iii. 14.

[334] John i. 32, 33.

[335] 1 Cor. ix. 15.

[336] Rom. xi. 13.

[337] Eph. iii. 4.

[338] 2 Tim. ii. 8.

[339] Gal. v. 19-21.

[340] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

[341] Eph. v. 27. Cp. Aug. Retract. ii. 18, quoted above, I. xvii. 26.

[342] Gen. xxv. 29-34.

[343] 1 Cor. xi. 16.

[344] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

[345] Ps. xxvi. 8.

[346] 1 Cor. i. 27.

[347] John xv. 2.

[348] In this and the following chapter Augustine is examining the seventieth epistle of Cyprian to his brother Quintus, bishop in Mauritania.

[349] Apud veteres hÆreses et schismata prima adhuc fuisse initia. Migne suggests, "hÆresis et schismatum"—"there was as yet only the first beginning of heresy and schisms."

[350] 1 John ii. 9.

[351] 1 John iii. 15.

[352] Cypr. lxxiii. sec. 12.

[353] In this and the next two chapters Augustine is examining the seventieth epistle of Cyprian, from himself and thirty-one other bishops, to Januarius, Saturninus, Maximus, and fifteen others.

[354] In the question, "Dost thou believe in eternal life and remission of sins through the holy Church?" Cypr. l.c.

[355] John ix. 31.

[356] Acts ix. 4.

[357] Matt. xxv. 45.

[358] 1 John ii. 19.

[359] John xx. 23.

[360] Matt. vi. 15.

[361] Cypr. Ep. lxxi., which is examined by Augustine in the remaining chapters of this book.

[362] Tit. iii. 11.

[363] Rom. ii. 1.

[364] Rom. ii. 21.

[365] 1 Cor. vi. 10.

[366] Wisd. i. 5.

[367] Cyprian, in the laying on of hands, appears to refer to confirmation, but Augustine interprets it of the restoration of penitents. Cp. III. xvi. 21.

[368] Gal. iii. 27.

[369] 2 Cor. vi. 16.

[370] 1 Sam. xix. 23.

[371] Mark ix. 38.

[372] Eph. v. 27. Cp. Aug. Retract. ii. 18, quoted above, I. xvii. 26.

[373] "Docibilis;" and so the passage (2 Tim. ii. 24) is quoted frequently by Augustine. The English version, "apt to teach," is more true to the original, d?da?t????.

[374] See Eph. iv. 4-6.

[375] 1 Cor. xv. 32.

[376] 1 Cor. i. 13.

[377] 1 Cor. xv. 12.

[378] Cant. iv. 12, 13.

[379] Eph. v. 27.

[380] Cant. ii. 2.

[381] Rom. ii. 29.

[382] Ps. xlv. 14.

[383] Ps. xl. 5.

[384] Rom. viii. 28.

[385] 2 Tim. ii. 19.

[386] See Gal. vi. 1.

[387] Ps. cxix. 28.

[388] See Phil. iii. 15.

[389] Pet. iii. 20, 21.

[390] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 20.

[391] John xx. 23.

[392] Matt. xxiii. 3.

[393] 1 Tim. i. 5.

[394] Wisd. ix. 15.

[395] See Phil. iii. 15.

[396] Gal. ii. 14.

[397] Cant. vi. 8.

[398] Eph. v. 27; cp. Aug. Retract. ii. 18.

[399] Cant. iv. 12, 13.

[400] John xx. 23.

[401] Conc. Carth., introduction.

[402] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 22.

[403] Cypr. Ep. lxix. sec. 11.

[404] De baptismi simplicitate ubique agnoscendam consuetudinem. Migne approves of the reading of some MSS., "De baptismi simplicitate ubique agnoscenda," etc., "maintaining the custom of the universal Church to acknowledge everywhere the identity of baptism."

[405] Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[406] Phil. iii. 15.

[407] Bilta was in Mauritania.

[408] Eph. iv. 4, 5.

[409] Conc. Carth. sec. 1.

[410] 1 John iii. 15.

[411] This section is wanting in the MSS. and in the edition of Amerbach, so that it has been supposed to have been added by Erasmus from Cyprian (Conc. Carth. sec. 2),—the name Felix, which is not found in Cyprian, being derived from the following section of Augustine. Migirpa, or Misgirpa, was in Zeugitana.

[412] Adrumetum was an ancient Phoenician settlement, made a Roman colony by Trajan, on the coast of the Sinus Neapolitanus, some ninety miles south-east of Carthage.

[413] Thamugadis, a town in Numidia, on the east side of Mount Aurasius. The whole opinion of Novatus (Conc. Carth. sec. iv.) is omitted in the MSS.

[414] The words in Cyprian are, "sanctissimÆ memoriÆ virorum." The decree referred to is one of the Council held by Agrippinus.

[415] TubunÆ, a town in Mauritania CÆsariensis.

[416] Prov. ix. 12, according to the LXX. version, the passage being altogether absent in the Hebrew, and consequently in the English version. The whole opinion of Nemesianus is wanting in the MSS. and in the edition of Amerbach; and in that of Erasmus it is somewhat different, having been subsequently revised by the Louvain editors to bring it into harmony with the answer of Augustine and the text of Cyprian (Conc. Carth. sec. 5).

[417] Prov. ix. 18, according to the LXX. version only.

[418] John iii. 5.

[419] Gen. i. 2.

[420] Viz. baptism and the laying on of hands; the latter sacramental ordinance being similarly spoken of by Aug. Ep. lxxii. sec. 1, as efficacious only when preceded by Catholic baptism.

[421] Eph. iv. 3-6.

[422] Quoniam Spiritus Deus est, et de Deo natus est. These words are found at the end of John iii. 6 in the oldest Latin MS. (in the Bodleian Library), and their meaning appears to be, as given in the text, that whatsoever is born of the Spirit is spirit, since the Holy Ghost, being God, and born of, or proceeding from God, in virtue of His supreme power makes those to be spirits whom He regenerates. If the meaning had been (as Bishop Fell takes it), that "he who is born of the Spirit is born of God," the neuter "de Deo natum est" would have been required. To refer "Spiritus Deus est," with Migne, to John iv. 24, "God is a Spirit," reverses the grammar and destroys the sense of the passage. The above explanation is taken from the preface to Cyprian by the monk of St. Maur (Maranus), p. xxxvi., quoted by Routh, Rel. Sac. iii. 193.

[423] Gal. v. 19-21.

[424] Cypr. Ep. xi. sec. 1.

[425] Prov. ix. 12, according to the LXX. version.

[426] John iii. 5.

[427] Acts viii. 13.

[428] Wisd. i. 5.

[429] John iii. 6.

[430] Gal. v. 19-21.

[431] LambÆse was one of the chief cities in the interior of Numidia, on the confines of Mauritania.

[432] Conc. Carth. sec. vi.

[433] Castrum GalbÆ was also in Numidia.

[434] Matt. v. 13. "Id quod salietur ex eo, ad nihilum valebit."

[435] Matt. xxviii. 18, 19.

[436] Recedendo infatuati contrarii facti sunt. Dr. Routh, from a Ms. in his own possession, inserts "et" after "infatuati,"—"have lost their savour and become contrary to the Church."

[437] Prov. xiv. 9, from the LXX.

[438] John xx. 23.

[439] 1 John ii. 9.

[440] Ex. xx. 13, 15.

[441] Cirta, an inland city of the Massyli in Numidia, was rebuilt by Constantine, and called Constantina.

[442] See below, on sec. 25.

[443] Ex Scripturis deificis.

[444] There are two letters extant from Cyprian to Stephen, No. 68, respecting Marcianus of Arles, who had joined Novatian, and No. 72, on a Council concerning heretical baptism. It is clear, however, from Ep. lxxiii. sec. 1, that this Council, and consequently the letter to Stephen, was subsequent to the Council under consideration; and consequently Augustine is right in ignoring it, and referring solely to the former. Dr. Routh thinks the words an interpolation, of course before Augustine's time; and they may perhaps have been inserted by some one who had Cyprian's later letter to Stephen before his mind.

[445] SegermÆ in Numidia.

[446] Girba, formerly Meninx, an island to the south-east of the Lesser Syrtis.

[447] In baptismi trinitate. "Quia trina immersione expediebatur, in nomine Patris, Filii, et S. Spiritus."—Bishop Fell.

[448] Matt. xxviii. 19.

[449] Erroris offectura. Other readings are "offensa" and "effectura."

[450] CediÆ has been identified, but perhaps without sufficient reason, with Quidias, or Quiza, in Mauritania CÆsariensis.

[451] Matt. xii. 30.

[452] 1 John ii. 18.

[453] Matt. vii. 22, 23.

[454] Bagai, or Vacca, in the interior of Numidia. See on i. v. 7.

[455] Matt. xv. 14.

[456] 1 Cor. xv. 32.

[457] Rom. viii. 6.

[458] Mileum, or Mireum, a Roman colony in Numidia, noted as the seat of two Councils.

[459] Hippo Regius, the see of Augustine himself, was on the coast of Numidia.

[460] Badis in Numidia.

[461] Matt. vi. 15.

[462] Eph. iv. 3.

[463] Phil. iii. 15.

[464] Abbir Germaniciana was in Zeugitana.

[465] 1 John iii. 15.

[466] Thuccabori was perhaps the same as Tucca in Byzacene.

[467] Matt. vii. 24.

[468] Cypr. Serm. de Laps.

[469] Matt. vii. 24, 26.

[470] It is pointed out by the Louvain editors that this passage shows that Augustine considered our Lord's precept to comprehend everything contained in the Sermon on the Mount.

[471] Luke vi. 37.

[472] Matt. vi. 14, 15.

[473] 1 Pet. iv. 8.

[474] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 12.

[475] Tuburbo was in Zeugitana.

[476] Phil. iii. 15.

[477] See above, III. cc. xiv. xv.

[478] Matt. xiii. 29.

[479] 1 Kings iii. 26.

[480] Sufetula was a town of Byzacene, twenty-five miles from Sufes, of which the name is a diminutive.

[481] Lares was a town of importance in Byzacene.

[482] Matt. vii. 23.

[483] John i. 33.

[484] Macomades was in Numidia.

[485] Flebiles et tabidos. This is otherwise taken of the repentant heretics, "Melting with the grief and wretchedness of penitence;" but Bishop Fell points out that the interpretation in the text is supported by an expression in c. xxxiii. 63: Mens hÆretica, quÆ diuturna tabe polluta est.

[486] Adulteros. So all the MSS. of Augustine, though in Cyprian is sometimes found "adulterinos." In classical Latin, however, "adulter" is sometimes used in the sense of "adulterinus." Cassius seems to have had in mind Heb. xii. 8, "Then are ye bastards, and not sons."

[487] Jer. ii. 21.

[488] Vicus CÆsaris is unknown, unless it be the same as Nova CÆsaris in Numidia.

[489] Carpis was in Zeugitana, on the borders of Tunis.

[490] Fiant. Another reading in some MSS. of Cyprian (not found in those of Augustine) is, "quomodo Christianos faciunt," which is less in harmony with the context.

[491] Matt. xii. 30.

[492] Ps. cxliv. 11-15, from the LXX.

[493] Cypr. Ep. xi. ad Clericos, sec. 1.

[494] Thabraca was on the coast of Numidia, the frontier town towards Zeugitana, at the mouth of the Tucca.

[495] Uthina was in Zeugitana.

[496] Burug or Burca was in Mauritania CÆsariensis.

[497] In the Eng. version this is, "He that washeth himself after touching a dead body, if he touch it again, what availeth his washing?"—Ecclus. xxxiv. 25.

[498] Contra Parmenianum, II. x. 22.

[499] Rom. vi. 23.

[500] Rom. viii. 6.

[501] 1 Tim. v. 6.

[502] John i. 33.

[503] Matt. vi. 15.

[504] Ps. xxxv. 12.

[505] Cant. vi. 9.

[506] Sicca was in Zeugitana.

[507] ThenÆ was in Byzacene.

[508] Matt. xxviii. 19.

[509] Vaga was in Numidia.

[510] John xiv. 6.

[511] Thebaste was in Numidia.

[512] Ammedera and Ammacura were in Numidia.

[513] Phil. iii. 15.

[514] See Cant. iv. 12.

[515] Ch. xxi. 37.

[516] 2 Cor. ii. 15.

[517] Muzuli is perhaps the same as Mazula in Numidia.

[518] Thasbalte was in Byzacene.

[519] Leptis the Lesser was in Byzacene, the Greater being in Tripoli.

[520] Gal. v. 21.

[521] Thibaris, perhaps the same as Tabora in Mauritania CÆsariensis.

[522] Mark xvi. 15-18.

[523] Matt. xxviii. 19.

[524] Matt. xviii. 17.

[525] Matt. xi. 24.

[526] Ezek. xvi. 51.

[527] Luke xvii. 14.

[528] Luke i. 11, 13.

[529] Acts xvii. 28.

[530] Cypr. de Idol. Vanitate.

[531] Wisd. ix. 15.

[532] Gal. ii. 11.

[533] Mactaris was in Byzacene.

[534] Siccilibba was in Zeugitana.

[535] Gor is variously supposed to be Garra in Mauritania, or Garriana in Byzacene.

[536] Utica, the well-known city in Zeugitana, where Cato died.

[537] 1 Tim. v. 22.

[538] Matt. vi. 15.

[539] Germaniciana Nova was in Byzacene.

[540] Rucuma was in Zeugitana.

[541] Gen. i. 4.

[542] The position of Luperciana is unknown.

[543] See 1 Kings xviii. 21.

[544] Matt. vii. 24-27.

[545] Midila was in Numidia.

[546] Marazana was in Byzacene.

[547] Eph. iv. 5.

[548] Nec ... mutati. "Nec" is restored by Migne from the MSS.

[549] Eph. v. 27. See Retract. ii. 18, quoted on i. xvii. 26.

[550] Bobba was in Mauritania Tingitana.

[551] Rom. iii. 3, 4.

[552] 2 Cor. vi. 16.

[553] Dionysiana was in Byzacene.

[554] John xx. 23.

[555] Tinisa was in Zeugitana.

[556] 1 Cor. xv. 33, 32.

[557] 2 Cor. xi. 3.

[558] Ausnaga was in Zeugitana.

[559] John i. 33.

[560] Victoriana was in Byzacene.

[561] Ps. l. 16, 18.

[562] Matt. vii. 23.

[563] Tucca was in Numidia.

[564] He is alluding to Stephen, bishop of Rome, of whom Cyprian says in his seventy-fourth epistle (to Pompeius): "Why has the perverse obstinacy of our brother Stephen burst out to such a point, that he should even contend that sons of God are born of the baptism of Marcion, and others who blaspheme against God the Father?"

[565] Zama was in Numidia, famous for Hannibal's defeat by Scipio.

[566] Ululi and Cibaliana were both in Byzacene.

[567] Tharassa was in Numidia.

[568] Gal. ii. 11.

[569] Telepte, or Thala, was in Byzacene.

[570] John iii. 27.

[571] Timida Regia was in Zeugitana.

[572] Furni was in Zeugitana.

[573] Phil. iii. 15.

[574] Nova was in Zeugitana.

[575] Bulla Regia was an inland town of Numidia.

[576] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii. sec. 20.

[577] Membresa was in Zeugitana.

[578] John ix. 31.

[579] Buslaceni is probably Byzacium, the capital of Byzacene, since we know that it was also called Bizica Lucana.

[580] Abitini was in Byzacene.

[581] Aggya, probably the same as Aggiva.

[582] The position of Marcelliana is unknown.

[583] Matt. vi. 24.

[584] Horrea Celiae was a village of Byzacene, ten miles north of Hadrumetum.

[585] Assura was in Zeugitana.

[586] See Eph. iv. 4-6.

[587] Capsa was in Byzacene.

[588] Rusiccada was at the mouth of the Thapsus, in Numidia.

[589] Cuiculi was in Numidia CÆsariensis.

[590] Hippo Diarrhytus was on the coast of Zeugitana.

[591] Ausafa was in Zeugitana.

[592] Gurgites was in Byzacene.

[593] Lamasba was in Numidia.

[594] 2 Cor. ii. 15.

[595] Mark ix. 38.

[596] Gazaufala was in Numidia.

[597] Tucca was in Mauritania CÆsariensis.

[598] Octavus and Mascula were in Numidia.

[599] Matt. xvi. 18, 19.

[600] Thambei was in Byzacene.

[601] Isa. xxix. 13.

[602] Chullabi, or Cululi, was in Byzacene.

[603] 2 John 10, 11.

[604] 1 Tim. i. 5.

[605] Hos. ii.

[606] 1 Cor. v. 11.

[607] Gemelli was a Roman colony in Numidia.

[608] Matt. xv. 14.

[609] Illuminare; baptism being often called f?t?s??.

[610] Sabrata, Oea, and Leptis Magna, were the three cities whose combination gave its name to Tripolis. The privilege of bishops to give their votes by proxy in a Council appears to have existed in very early times, and is perhaps referable to the example of St. Paul's interference in the Council of AchÆan Bishops, though absent in body, 1 Cor. v. 4.

[611] Neapolis was in Zeugitana.

[612] Cypr. Ep. lxxiii.

[613] Cypr. Ep. lxix. sec. 4.

[614] Phil. i. 15, 17.

[615] Ps. lxviii. 6, from the LXX.

[616] John vi. 51.

[617] Matt. xxvi. 26-29.

[618] Phil. i. 18.

[619] Matt. xvi. 18.

[620] Cant. vi. 9.

[621] Eph. v. 27; cp. Retract. ii. 18.

[622] Cant. iv. 12, 13.

[623] Matt. xvi. 19.

[624] Matt. xviii. 17.

[625] Ps. xxvi. 8.

[626] Ps. lxviii. 6, from the LXX.

[627] Ps. cxxii. 1.

[628] Ps. lxxxiv. 4.

[629] Matt. xiii. 23; Luke viii. 15.

[630] 2 Tim. ii. 20.

[631] Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[632] 1 Cor. iii. 17.

[633] 2 Tim. ii. 20. In Retract. ii. 18, Augustine says that he thinks the meaning of this last passage to be, not as Cyprian took it, Ep. liv. sec. 2, that the vessels of gold and silver are the good, which are to honour; the vessels of wood and earth the wicked, which are to dishonour: but that the material of the vessels refers to the outward appearance of the several members of the Church, and that in each class some will be found to honour, and some to dishonour. This interpretation he derives from Tychonius.

[634] 1 John ii. 19.

[635] 1 Cor. xiii. 2.

[636] 1 John ii. 19.

[637] Phil. iii. 15.

[638] Gal. v. 19-21.

[639] Ps. cxx. 7.

[640] Ps. cxviii. 8.

[641] Jer. xvii. 5.

[642] Ps. iii. 8.

[643] Ps. lx. 11.

[644] 1 Cor. i. 13.

[645] Rom. iv. 5.

[646] 1 Cor. iii. 6, 7.

[647] John xv. 5.

[648] Rom. xii. 5.

[649] Matt. xxiii. 3.

[650] Rom. iv. 25, 5.

[651] Matt. vii. 17, 16.

[652] Matt. xii. 35.

[653] See below, Book II. vi. 12.

[654] So the Donatists commonly quoted Ecclus. xxxiv. 25, which is more correctly rendered in our version, "He that washeth himself after the touching of a dead body, if he touch it again, what availeth his washing?" Augustine (Retract. i. 21, sec. 3) says that the misapplication was rendered possible by the omission in many African Mss. of the second clause, "and touches it again."

[655] Rom. vi. 9.

[656] John i. 33.

[657] Cp. Contra Cresconium, Book II. xxv. 30: "Ita mortui sunt, ut neque super terras, neque in requie sanctorum sint."

[658] Migne suggests as an emendation, "quod Deus illi comes erat," as in II. xxiii. 53, xxxvii. 87, etc.

[659] 1 Sam. xvii. 51.

[660] That of Bagai. See on de Bapt. I. v. 7.

[661] Ore latissimo acclamaverunt. The Louvain edition has "lÆtissimo," both here and Contra Crescon. IV. xli. 48.

[662] Num. xvi. 31-35.

[663] Ps. lxxii. 8.

[664] Ps. ii. 8.

[665] Qui talia facientes quamvis improbent. A comparison of the explanation of this passage in Contra Crescon. III. xli. 45, shows the probability of Migne's conjecture, "quamvis improbe," "who endure the men that act in such a way, however monstrous their conduct may be."

[666] Nec in se agnoscunt. The reading of the Louvain edition gives better sense, "Et in se agnoscunt," "and discover in themselves."

[667] Matt. xxiii. 34.

[668] Isa. lviii. 1.

[669] Ps. lxiii. 11.

[670] Ps. xiv. 5-7, from the LXX. only.

[671] Matt. vii. 15.

[672] Matt. vii. 16.

[673] "Obmutescatis" is the most probable conjecture of Migne for "obtumescatis," which could only mean, "you should swell with confusion."

[674] See below, II. xvi. 36, III. lvii. 69, lviii. 70; and Contra Cresconium, III. xxix. 33, IV. lvi. 66.

[675] Gen. xxii. 18.

[676] Gal. iii. 16.

[677] That of Bagai.

[678] Veritatis fortissimis documentis Catholica expugnat; and so the MSS. The earlier editors, apparently not understanding the omission of "ecclesia," read "veritas."

[679] Mark iii. 23.

[680] See II. xviii. 40, 41.

[681] Ps. xiv. 6, from the LXX. only.

[682] Ps. lxxxiii. 16.

[683] Written about the beginning of 402 A.D.

[684] John i. 33.

[685] Rom. iv. 5.

[686] Jer. xvii. 5.

[687] I Cor. iv. 15.

[688] Phil. i. 17, 18.

[689] Phil. ii. 21.

[690] Matt. xxiii. 3.

[691] Matt. vii. 17, 16.

[692] Matt. xii. 35.

[693] Ecclus. xxxiv. 25; see on I. ix. 10.

[694] Matt. viii. 21, 22.

[695] See Matt. xii. 45.

[696] Rom. vi. 9.

[697] Acts viii. 13, 18, 19.

[698] 1 Tim. v. 6.

[699] Matt. xxvii. 4, 5.

[700] John xvii. 12.

[701] Ps. cix. 8, 9.

[702] 2 Macc. vii. 9. The words in brackets are not in the original Greek.

[703] Ps. xxii. 16-18.

[704] Ps. xxii. 27, 28.

[705] Ps. ii. 8.

[706] Majorinus, ordained by the Numidian bishops in 311 A.D.

[707] Gal. iii. 29.

[708] Rom. viii. 17.

[709] Gen. xxii. 18.

[710] Luke xxiv. 46, 47.

[711] 1 Cor. v. 5.

[712] 1 Tim. i. 20.

[713] John ii. 15-17.

[714] John x. 37.

[715] John viii. 44.

[716] Matt. xxiii. 33-35.

[717] Ps. xiv. 5, from the LXX. only.

[718] Ps. xiv. 6.

[719] Another reading is, "nos esse viperas."

[720] See below, c. xx. 46; and Contra Crescon. III. xlix. 54.

[721] Ps. xxii. 27.

[722] Gen. xxii. 18.

[723] Rom. iv. 3.

[724] Ps. lvii. 5.

[725] Ps. xix. 5.

[726] Luke xxiv. 44-47.

[727] Ps. xiv. 5-8, from the LXX., the last verse only being in the Hebrew.

[728] Wisd. i. 11.

[729] Rom. iv. 5.

[730] Rom. iii. 26.

[731] John xx. 19, 21.

[732] Matt. vii. 15, 16.

[733] Matt. xxiv. 23.

[734] 2 Cor. xi. 14, 15.

[735] Gen. vi. 3.

[736] Matt. xxv. 41.

[737] 1 Cor. vi. 3.

[738] "Perdiderunt," which Migne thinks may be a confusion for "perierunt."

[739] Novissimus.

[740] 1 Cor. xv. 9.

[741] 2 Cor. xi. 26.

[742] Portenta.

[743] Down to this point Augustine had already answered Petilianus in the First Book, as he says himself below, III. 1. 61.

[744] Matt. x. 23.

[745] Matt. x. 16, 28.

[746] 1 Pet. iii. 15.

[747] Matt. v. 39.

[748] 1 Kings xviii.

[749] Wisd. xii. 23.

[750] Acts ix. 4, 5.

[751] Ps. cv. 15.

[752] Vivacem Christum.

[753] Rom. xiii. 2, 4.

[754] 1 John iii. 15.

[755] Acts ix. 4-18.

[756] John xiii. 10, 11.

[757] John xv. 3, 4.

[758] John xiv. 27.

[759] 1 Tim. i. 7.

[760] Mark x. 35-39.

[761] Matt. v. 10.

[762] Optatus Gildonianus is the person to whom he refers.

[763] Gildo, from subservience to whom Optatus received the name Gildonianus, was "Comes AfricÆ." The play on the meanings of "Comes," in the expression "quod Comitem haberet Deum," is incapable of direct translation. Cp. xxxvii. 88; ciii. 237.

[764] Ps. l. 18.

[765] Gal. vi. 5.

[766] Rom. xiv. 14.

[767] 1 Cor. vi. 10.

[768] Matt. xxv. 34, 41.

[769] John xiii. 10.

[770] Matt. xxviii. 19.

[771] Matt. xiii. 24-30, 36-43.

[772] Matt. iii. 12.

[773] Wisd. i. 5.

[774] Eph. iv. 5.

[775] Optatus.

[776] Gildo.

[777] See above, on xxiii. 53.

[778] Ps. cxxxii. 9.

[779] John xi. 51.

[780] Tit. i. 12, 13.

[781] Acts xvii. 23, 27, 28.

[782] Rom. xiii. 1.

[783] John xix. 11.

[784] John iii. 27.

[785] Matt. iii. 11.

[786] John xx. 22.

[787] Acts ii. 2-4.

[788] Isa. lxvi. 24.

[789] Matt. v. 14.

[790] 2 Sam. xii. 12.

[791] Ps. xix. 3-6, from the LXX.

[792] Eph. iv. 5.

[793] Matt. iii. 11.

[794] John xx. 22.

[795] Acts i. 5.

[796] Matt. xxviii. 19, 20.

[797] Matt. v. 9.

[798] See above, xxiii. 53.

[799] Acts i. 15, ii. 4, x. 44.

[800] Optatus Gildonianus.

[801] Gen. xxii. 18.

[802] Gal. vi. 5.

[803] Acts xix. 1-7.

[804] 1 Cor. x. 1, 2.

[805] Matt. xiii. 17.

[806] Matt. xi. 9, 11.

[807] Mark i. 2; cp. Mal. iii. 1.

[808] Mark i. 7.

[809] Matt. xxvi. 17.

[810] In his treatise on the Sermon on the Mount, Book II. iv. 12, Augustine again compares the "celebratio octavarum dierum, quas in regeneratione novi hominis celebramus" with the circumcision on the eighth day; and in Serm. 376 he says that the heads of the rebaptized were uncovered on the eighth day, as a token of liberty. Cp. Epist. II. xvii. 32, and Bingham, Orig. Sacr. XII. iv. 3.

[811] Augustine apparently supposed that the sacrifice of the paschal lamb was still observed among the Jews of the dispersion; cp. Retract. I. x. 2. It was, however, forbidden them to sacrifice the Passover except in the place which the Lord should choose to place His name there; and hence the Jews, though they observe the other paschal solemnities, abstain from the sacrifice of the lamb.

[812] Matt. xxi. 25.

[813] Gildo; see above, xxiii. 53.

[814] See Isa. xlvi. 8.

[815] Luke xv. 32.

[816] Acts i. 7, 8.

[817] Dan. ii. 35.

[818] 1 John ii. 19.

[819] Apparently from Wisd. iii. 6.

[820] Prov. ii. 22.

[821] Matt. xiii. 24-30.

[822] Gen. xxii. 18.

[823] Ps. lxxiii. 26.

[824] Ps. xvi. 5.

[825] John xi. 51.

[826] Prov. ii. 22.

[827] Ps. ii. 8.

[828] Ps. xxii. 27.

[829] 2 Cor. vi. 14, 15.

[830] 1 Cor. i. 12, 13.

[831] Ps. cxix. 42.

[832] Acts i. 8.

[833] Ps. xix. 4.

[834] Ps. cxix. 122.

[835] Matt. xxi. 43.

[836] See Ps. cv. 44.

[837] Gal. iii. 27.

[838] Gal. vi. 4.

[839] Ps. xxiii.

[840] Ps. cxliv. 9.

[841] Ps. xcvi. 1.

[842] 1 Cor. xi. 29.

[843] 1 Cor. iv. 3.

[844] Job ii. 3, 4.

[845] Matt. v. 5-7.

[846] Ps. i. 1.

[847] Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.

[848] Isa. lxvi. 3.

[849] Hos. ix. 4.

[850] Tit. i. 15.

[851] In the Council of Bagai.

[852] Ps. xiv. 3, from the LXX.

[853] Matt. vii. 21.

[854] Matt. vi. 10.

[855] 2 Tim. ii. 24, 25.

[856] Matt. vii. 22, 23.

[857] 1 Cor. xiii. 2.

[858] Luke x. 20.

[859] Acts i. 8.

[860] Matt. vii. 22.

[861] 1 Tim. i. 8.

[862] Ps. lxxii. 8.

[863] Acts xxii. 25.

[864] Ex. xx. 13-17.

[865] Matt. xxi. 43.

[866] Matt. v. 19, 20.

[867] Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.

[868] 1 Cor. vi. 18.

[869] Matt. xii. 31, 32.

[870] Acts. i. 8.

[871] The older editions have, "Quam multum et quantum luctum dederint Deo (Erasmus alone ideo) laudes amatorum vestrorum:" "How much and how great grief have the praises of your lovers caused to God?" Migne restored the reading translated above ("Quam multis ... Deo laudes armatorum vestrorum"), Deo laudes being the cry of the Circumcelliones. Cp. Aug. in Ps. cxxxii. 6: "A quibus plus timetur Deo laudes quam fremitus leonis;" and ib.: "Deo laudes vestrum plorant homines."

[872] Gen. xxii. 18.

[873] Ps. cxli. 5, from the LXX.

[874] Matt. v. 3-9.

[875] Luke xxiv. 36, 45-47.

[876] Matt. xxii. 39.

[877] Eph. v. 29.

[878] Gal. v. 17.

[879] 2 Tim. iv. 2.

[880] Eph. iv. 1-3.

[881] See Jer. viii. 11.

[882] Ps. xlvi. 9.

[883] Dan. ii. 35.

[884] Eph. ii. 14.

[885] Matt. v. 10.

[886] Matt. xxiii. 13, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28.

[887] Matt. x. 16.

[888] John x. 27.

[889] Luke xxiv. 39, 46, 47.

[890] Matt. vii. 15, 16.

[891] 1 Cor. xi. 19.

[892] John xiii. 34, 35.

[893] 2 Cor. xi. 26.

[894] 1 Cor. xi. 1.

[895] Phil. ii. 20, 21.

[896] 2 Cor. vii. 5.

[897] 1 Cor. xiii. 1-8.

[898] Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[899] Matt. xiii. 38, 39, 30.

[900] Gal. i. 8.

[901] Ps. ci. 5.

[902] Luke ix. 49, 50.

[903] Phil. i. 15-18.

[904] 1 Cor. xiii. 6.

[905] See below, xciv. 217, and c. Gaudentium, I. xxv. 28 sqq.

[906] Rom. xiii. 4.

[907] Augustine speaks of the Moor Rogatus, bishop of Cartenna in Mauritania CÆsariensis, in his ninety-third epistle, to Vincentius, c. iii. 11. We learn from the eighty-seventh epistle, to Emeritus, sec. 10, that the followers of Rogatus called the other Donatists Firmiani, because they had been subjected to much cruelty at their hands under the authority of Firmus.

[908] Optatus of Thaumugade, the friend of Gildo.

[909] Augustine mentions again in his thirty-fifth epistle, to Eusebius, sec. 3, that Hippo had received the Roman citizenship. His argument is that, even if not a native of the place, the deacon should have been safe from molestation wherever Roman laws prevailed.

[910] Emphyteuticam. The land, therefore, was held under the emperors, and less absolutely in the power of the owner than if it had been freehold.

[911] Augustine remonstrates with Crispinus on the point, Epist. lxvi.

[912] John vi. 44.

[913] See Ecclus. xv. 16, 17.

[914] Matt. v. 10; 1 Pet. ii. 20.

[915] Acts v. 29.

[916] Prov. xiv. 28.

[917] Luke xxiv. 46, 47.

[918] Acts i. 8.

[919] Ex. xxxii. 28, 31.

[920] Mal. i. 11.

[921] Ps. cxiii. 3.

[922] Ps. l. 14.

[923] 1 John iii. 15.

[924] Matt. iv. 6, 7.

[925] John xviii. 10, 11; Matt. xxvi. 52.

[926] Ps. cxx. 6, 7.

[927] See Contr. Cresc. l. III. c. lxvii., l. IV. cc. lx. lxi.

[928] John xii. 24.

[929] Veracissime. Another reading is "feracissime," "most abundantly."

[930] Matt. v. 39.

[931] 2 Cor. xi. 20, 23.

[932] Deut. xix. 21.

[933] 2 Mac. vii.

[934] Dan. iii.

[935] Matt. ii. 16.

[936] Dan. vi.

[937] Matt. xxvii. 26.

[938] 1 Cor. ii. 6-8.

[939] John xvi. 2.

[940] 1 Kings xxi.

[941] Matt. xiv. 8, 9.

[942] Matt. xxvii. 24-26.

[943] Ps. ii.

[944] Matt. xxvii. 24.

[945] Some editions have Varius in the place of Geta, referring to Aurelius Antoninus Heliogabalus, of whom Lampridius asserts that he derived the name of Varius from the doubtfulness of his parentage. The MSS. agree, however, in the reading "Getano," which was a name of the second son of Severus, the brother of Caracalla.

[946] Optatus defends the cause of Macarius at great length in his third book against Parmenianus. Of Ursacius he says in the same place: "You are offended at the times of a certain Leontius, of Ursacius, Macarius, and others." And Augustine, in his third book against Cresconius, c. xx., introduces an objection of the Donatists against himself: "But so soon as Silvanus, bishop of Cirta, had refused to communicate with Ursacius and Zenophilus the persecutors, he was driven into exile," Usuardus, deceived by a false story made up by the Donatists, enters in his Martyrology that a pseudo-martyr Donatus suffered on the 1st of March, under Ursacius and Marcellinus, to this effect: "On the same day of the holy martyr Donatus, who suffered under Ursacius the judge and the tribune Marcellinus."

[947] 1 Kings xxi.

[948] Prov. xviii. 21.

[949] Constitutio quam impetraverunt. Some editions have "quam dederunt Constantio;" but there is no place for Constantius in this history of the Donatists, nor was any boon either sought or obtained from him in their name. The Louvain editors therefore restored "constitutio," which is the common reading of the MSS.

[950] Matt. vii. 3.

[951] Gen. xx.

[952] Gen. xxvi. 11.

[953] Gen. xlvii.

[954] Gen. xxxix., xli.

[955] Gen. xlii. 15.

[956] Ex. ii. 10.

[957] 1 Sam. xxvii.

[958] 1 Kings xviii. 44-46.

[959] 2 Kings iv. 13.

[960] Dan. iii.-vi.

[961] John xvi. 2.

[962] Phil. iii. 5, 6.

[963] Acts xxiii. 12-33.

[964] The reign of Constantine lasted about thirty-two years, from 306 to 337 A.D. Julian died, after an independent reign, subsequent to the death of Constantius, of only one year and seven months, at the age of thirty, in a war against the Persians, in 363 A.D.

[965] Gen. ix. 5.

[966] Ps. ii. 10-12.

[967] Ps. ii. 7, 8.

[968] Isa. ii. 18; Zech. xiii. 2.

[969] Simulacri; and so the MSS. The older editions have "adorandi simulacra;" but the singular is more forcible in its special reference to the image on the plain of Dura. Dan. iii.

[970] Dan. ii.-vi.

[971] This is illustrated by the words of Augustine, Epist. 105, ad Donatistas, sec. 7: "Do ye not know that the words of the king were, 'I thought it good to show the signs and wonders that the high God hath wrought toward me. How great are His signs! and how mighty are His wonders! His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and His dominion from generation to generation' (Dan. iv. 2, 3)? Do you not, when you hear this, answer Amen, and by saying this in a loud voice, place your seal on the king's decree by a holy and solemn act?" In the Gothic liturgy this declaration was made on Easter Eve (when the third chapter of Daniel is still read in the Roman Church), and the people answered "Amen."

[972] Nam nemo vivit invitus; et tamen puer ut hoc volens discat, invitus vapulat. Perhaps a better reading is, "Nam nemo vult invitus; et tamen puer ut volens discat," etc., leaving out "hoc," which is wanting in the Fleury MSS.: "No one wishes against his will; and yet a boy, wishing to learn, is beaten against his will."

[973] Gal. vi. 5.

[974] Luke xxiv. 47.

[975] Ps. cxviii. 8, 9.

[976] Acts xxiii. 12-33.

[977] Acts i. 8.

[978] Matt. xvi. 26.

[979] 1 Pet. ii. 20.

[980] Matt. v. 3.

[981] 2 Cor. vi. 10.

[982] Matt. xvi. 25.

[983] Matt. xix. 29.

[984] 1 Cor. xiii. 3.

[985] Acts i. 8.

[986] See above, c. lxxxiii.

[987] Matt. x. 28.

[988] Ps. lvii. 4.

[989] Job xiv., according to the LXX.

[990] Ps. li. 7.

[991] Ps. cxviii. 8, 9.

[992] Jer. xvii. 5.

[993] Matt. xxiii. 25.

[994] Jer. xv. 15-18, according to the LXX.

[995] 2 Cor. vii. 5.

[996] 2 Cor. xi. 29.

[997] Rev. xvii. 15.

[998] Acts viii. 13.

[999] Col. i. 23.

[1000] Ps. xciii. 1.

[1001] Gildo.

[1002] Ps. cxli. 5, from the LXX.

[1003] Prov. xxvii. 6, from the LXX.

[1004] Ps. cxxxiii.

[1005] Compare Tract. 15 in Joannem, n. 27: "Messiah was anointed. The Greek for 'anointed' is 'Christ,' the Hebrew, Messiah; whence also in Phoenician we have 'Messe' for 'anoint.' For these languages, the Hebrew, Phoenician, and Syrian, are closely cognate, as well as geographically bordering on each other." See also Max MÜller's Lectures on the Science of Language, series I. p. 267: "The ancient language of Phoenicia, to judge from inscriptions, was most closely allied to Hebrew."

[1006] Col. i. 18.

[1007] Matt. xix. 21.

[1008] Acts iv. 32-35.

[1009] Luke xxiv. 47.

[1010] Gal. v. 19-21.

[1011] Apparently misquoted from 1 Sam. ii. 25.

[1012] Col. iv. 2-4.

[1013] 1 John i. 8.

[1014] Dan. vi. 16.

[1015] Ezek. xiv. 14.

[1016] Dan. ix. 20.

[1017] Lev. xvi.; Heb. ix. 7.

[1018] Acts xiv. 22.

[1019] 1 John ii. 1, 2.

[1020] 1 Tim. iv. 14.

[1021] 1 Tim. v. 22.

[1022] See Rom. i. 32.

[1023] Gal. v. 19-21.

[1024] Matt. xvi. 18.

[1025] Matt. vii. 26.

[1026] Ps. lxi. 2, 3.

[1027] That the Donatists were called at Rome Montenses, is observed by Augustine, de Hoeresibus, c. xxix., and Epist. liii. 2; and before him by Optatus, Book II. That they were also called Cutzupitani, or CutzupitÆ, we learn from the same epistle, and from his treatise de Unitate EcclesÆ, c. iii.

[1028] Lucilla.

[1029] Possidius, in the third chapter of his Indiculus, designates this third book as "One book against the second letter of the same."

[1030] Ps. lii. 3.

[1031] Ps. lxxxiv. 10.

[1032] Nihil enim mihi conscius sum.

[1033] 1 Cor. iv. 1-6.

[1034] 1 Cor. iii. 21, 23.

[1035] Jas. i. 17.

[1036] 1 Cor. iv. 7.

[1037] 1 Cor. iv. 16.

[1038] Matt. xxiii. 3.

[1039] Jer. xvii. 5.

[1040] Matt. iii. 12.

[1041] 2 Tim. ii. 20.

[1042] Matt. xiii. 47, 48.

[1043] Matt. xxv. 32, 33.

[1044] Matt. xiii. 24-40.

[1045] 1 Cor. i. 12, 13.

[1046] 2 Tim. ii. 19.

[1047] Ps. xxvii. 14.

[1048] 1 Thess. v. 14, 15.

[1049] 2 Cor. xi. 2, 3.

[1050] 1 Cor. viii. 11.

[1051] 1 Cor. iii. 7.

[1052] 1 John iv. 16.

[1053] Gal. vi. 4, 5.

[1054] Rom. xiv. 12, 13.

[1055] Gal. vi. 2, 3.

[1056] Eph. iv. 2, 3.

[1057] Matt. xii. 30.

[1058] Gal. i. 8.

[1059] Matt. v. 12.

[1060] Cant. i. 3.

[1061] Ps. lvii. 11.

[1062] 1 Cor. i. 30, 31.

[1063] Matt. v. 10-12.

[1064] Matt. x. 25.

[1065] Ps. xxvi. 1.

[1066] Ps. lvi. 11.

[1067] Ps. xi. 1.

[1068] 1 Pet. iii. 21.

[1069] Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.

[1070] Some editors have "unitate," but Amerbach and the MSS., "veritate;" and this is supported by sec. 28 below: "De ecclesiÆ vel baptismi veritate;" and sec. 22 of the treatise de Unico Baptismo: "Ambulantibus in ecclesiÆ veritate."

[1071] Ubi vobis faventibus loquatur, et victus verum simulans statum, talia vel etiam sceleratiora dicat in me. Mihi sat est ad rem, etc. Morel (Elem. Crit. pp. 326-328) suggests as an improvement, "Ubi vobis faventibus loquatur et victus. Verum si millies tantum talia vel etiam sceleratiora dicat in me, mihi sat est," etc.,—"on which he may speak amidst applause from you, even when beaten. But if he were to make a thousand times as many statements concerning me," etc.

[1072] Eph. vi. 12.

[1073] Eph. v. 8.

[1074] 2 Cor. vi. 7, 8.

[1075] Luke vi. 35.

[1076] Luke xxiii. 34.

[1077] See above, Book I. c. i. sec. 2.

[1078] Acts xxiv. 1.

[1079] Paracleti.

[1080] "Favente," which is wanting in the mss., was inserted in the margin by Erasmus, as being needed to complete the sense.

[1081] Megalius, bishop of Calama, primate of Numidia, was the bishop who ordained Augustine, as we find in c. viii. of his life by Possidius. Augustine makes further reply to the same calumny, which was gathered from a letter of Megalius, in Contra Cresconium, Book III. c. lxxx. sec. 92, and Book IV. c. lxiv. secs. 78, 79.

[1082] Lente, ut dicitur, et bene. Morel (Element. Crit. pp. 140, 141) suggests as an amendment, "lene," as suiting better with "lente."

[1083] See Book I. c. i. secs. 2, 3.

[1084] Lactantius, Book V. c. xiv., tells us of the talents of Carneades, recording that when he was sent on an embassy to Rome by the Athenians, he spoke there first in defence of justice, and then on the following day in opposition to it; and that he was in the habit of speaking with such force on either side, as to be able to refute any arguments advanced by anybody else.

[1085] Ter. Heaut. IV. iii. 41.

[1086] In de Civ. Dei, Book II. c. xxi., Augustine mentions L. Furius Philus, one of the interlocutors in Cicero's Laelus, as maintaining this same view. From the similarity of the name, it has been thought that here Furius and Pilus are only one man.

[1087] The MSS. here and below have Protagoras. Both were atheists, according to Cicero, Nat. Deor. I. i. 2, and Lactantius, Book I. c. i.

[1088] Ps. xiv. 1.

[1089] See Book I. c. ii. sec. 3.

[1090] See Book I. c. ii. sec. 3.

[1091] Jer. xvii. 5.

[1092] 1 Cor. iii. 21.

[1093] Ps. lxii. 1, 2.

[1094] John i. 22.

[1095] Matt. iii. 7.

[1096] Wisd. i. 5.

[1097] 1 Tim. iii. 10.

[1098] Book I. c. ii. sec. 2.

[1099] Wisd. i. 5.

[1100] The Council of Carthage, held on 13th September 401, passed a decree in favour of receiving the clergy of the Donatists with full recognition of their orders.

[1101] Acts viii. 36.

[1102] Jer. xv. 18. See Book II. c. cii. sec. 234, 235.

[1103] Rev. xvii. 15.

[1104] Ps. cxli. 5. See Book II. c. ciii. sec. 236, 237.

[1105] 1 John iv. 1.

[1106] Matt. xvi. 16.

[1107] Matt. viii. 29; Mark i. 24; Luke viii. 28.

[1108] Wisd. i. 5.

[1109] See Book I. c. x. sec. 11, 12.

[1110] 1 Cor. iii. 21, and i. 31.

[1111] Rom. iv. 5.

[1112] That of Bagai.

[1113] Gal. vi. 5.

[1114] See Possidius' Life of St. Augustine, cc. v.-xi.

[1115] See c. xlv. sec. 54.

[1116] Rom. iv. 5.

[1117] 1 Cor. iii. 6, 7.

[1118] John xv. 5.

[1119] Rom. xii. 5.

[1120] Book I. c. v. secs. 6, 7.

[1121] Book I. c. vi. secs. 6, 7.

[1122] Matt. vii. 17, 16.

[1123] Matt. xii. 35.

[1124] See Book I. cc. vii. viii. secs. 8, 9.

[1125] 1 Cor. xv. 13-15.

[1126] See Book I. c. vi. sec. 7.

[1127] See Book I. c. viii. sec. 9.

[1128] Rom. ix. 5.

[1129] Acts v. 3, 4.

[1130] Matt. xxii. 30.

[1131] Rom. iv. 5.

[1132] John i. 33.

[1133] Eph. v. 25, 26.

[1134] Jer. xvii. 5.

[1135] Ps. xl. 4.

[1136] Matt. xxiii. 3.

[1137] Matt. x. 23.

[1138] Matt. vii. 17, 16.

[1139] Matt. xii. 35.

[1140] Ecclus. xxxiv. 25. See Book I. c. ix. sec. 10.

[1141] Ps. cxviii. 8.

[1142] Jer. xvii. 5.

[1143] Ps. iii. 8.

[1144] Ps. lx. 11.

[1145] 1 Cor. iii. 7.

[1146] Rom. iv. 5.

[1147] Ps. lxxii. 8.

[1148] Ps. ii. 8.

[1149] Gen. xxii. 18.

[1150] Gal. iii. 16.

[1151] Matt. xxiii. 3.

[1152] 1 Cor. i. 13.

[1153] See Book I. cc. iii. iv. secs. 4, 5.

[1154] 1 Cor. iii. 6, 7.

[1155] Gal. vi. 3.

[1156] Ministri ejus cui credidistis. See 1 Cor. iii. 4, 5.

[1157] Acts xv. 9.

[1158] Rom. iv. 5.

[1159] 1 Cor. ix. 17.

[1160] John iv. 2.

[1161] John xii. 6.

[1162] 1 Cor. i. 17.

[1163] 1 Cor. iv. 15.

[1164] 1 Cor. i. 14.

[1165] John iii. 5.

[1166] Matt. v. 20.

[1167] 2 Tim. ii. 8.

[1168] Acts xix. 3.

[1169] Eph. v. 25, 26.

[1170] See Book III. c. Cresconium, cc. xxvii. xxviii. secs. 30, 32.

[1171] Matt. vii. 15, 16.

[1172] See Book I. cc. xxi. xxii. secs. 23, 24.

[1173] In Book II. c. xlviii. of his Retractations, Augustine says: "About the same time" (as that at which he wrote his treatise De Gestis Pelagii, i.e. about the year 417), "I wrote also a treatise De Correctione Donatistarum, for the sake of those who were not willing that the Donatists should be subjected to the correction of the imperial laws. This treatise begins with the words "Laudo, et gratulor, et admiror." This letter in the old editions was No. 50,—the letter which is now No. 4 in the appendix being formerly No. 185."

[1174] Ps. xxii. 16-18, 27, 28.

[1175] Ps. ii. 7, 8.

[1176] Luke xxiv. 46, 47.

[1177] John i. 1, 2.

[1178] This epistle was produced in the fifth conference of the fifth Synod, when the point was under debate whether Theodorus of Mopsuesta could be condemned after his death.

[1179] Ps. cxviii. 8.

[1180] Gen. xxvi. 4.

[1181] Mal. i. 11.

[1182] Ps. lxxii. 8.

[1183] Col. i. 6.

[1184] Acts i. 8.

[1185] In the Councils at Rome and Arles.

[1186] This digest will be found in the 9th volume of Migne's edition of Augustine's Works, p. 613, etc.

[1187] Dan. vi. 24.

[1188] See Gal. vi. 9, 10.

[1189] Dan. iii. 5, 29.

[1190] Matt. v. 10.

[1191] Gen. xvi. 6.

[1192] 1 Sam. xviii., xix., etc.

[1193] Luke xxiii. 33.

[1194] Discerne causam meam. The Eng. Vers. has "plead my cause against an ungodly nation."

[1195] Ps. xliii. 1.

[1196] Ps. cxix. 86.

[1197] Gal. iv. 22-31.

[1198] Ps. xviii. 37.

[1199] Luke iv. 9.

[1200] Mark v. 13.

[1201] Matt. xvii. 14.

[1202] Matt. iii. 12.

[1203] Ps. ii. 1, 2, 10, 11.

[1204] 2 Kings xviii. 4.

[1205] 2 Kings xxiii. 4, 5.

[1206] Jonah iii. 6-9.

[1207] Bel and Drag. vv. 22, 42.

[1208] Dan. iii. 29.

[1209] John xvi. 2.

[1210] Ps. lxxii. 11.

[1211] Ter. Adelph. I. i. 32, 33.

[1212] This is not found in the extant plays of Terence.

[1213] 1 John iv. 18.

[1214] Prov. xxix. 19.

[1215] Prov. xxiii. 14.

[1216] Prov. xiii. 24.

[1217] Ps. xlii. 2.

[1218] Phil. i. 23.

[1219] John x. 15.

[1220] Acts ix. 1-18.

[1221] 1 Cor. xv. 10.

[1222] Accipiant: sc. the baptizer and the baptized; and so the MSS. The common reading is 'accipiat.'

[1223] 2 Cor. x. 6.

[1224] Luke xiv. 22, 23.

[1225] 1 Cor. i. 22.

[1226] That of Carthage, held June 26, 401.

[1227] The basilica of Fundus Calvianensis. See C. Crescon. iii. c. 43.

[1228] Acts xxiii. 17-32.

[1229] Acts xxii. 25.

[1230] Acts xxv. 11.

[1231] 2 Tim. ii. 26.

[1232] Ezek. xxxiv. 4.

[1233] 2 Sam. xviii. xxii.

[1234] Cod. Theod. i. 52, de HÆreticis.

[1235] 1 Cor. iii. 22, 23.

[1236] Acts iv. 32.

[1237] Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

[1238] 2 Cor. xii. 14.

[1239] Wisd. x. 20.

[1240] Prov. xiii. 22.

[1241] Rom. iv. 5.

[1242] Rom. x. 3.

[1243] 1 Cor. iv. 7.

[1244] Eph. v. 27.

[1245] 1 Cor. xv. 55, 56.

[1246] Wisd. ix. 15.

[1247] Matt. vi. 12.

[1248] 1 John i. 8, 9.

[1249] 1 Cor. xv. 54.

[1250] 1 John iii. 9.

[1251] 1 John i. 8.

[1252] Rom. iii. 24.

[1253] Wisd. v. 1.

[1254] Rom. xii. 3-5.

[1255] Luke xv. 32.

[1256] Eph. iv. 3.

[1257] 1 Pet. iv. 8.

[1258] 1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.

[1259] 1 Cor. iii. 7.

[1260] Pope Innocent I., in his 6th Epistle to Agapitus, Macedonius, and certain other bishops of Apulia, writes to the effect that "canons had been passed at NicÆa, excluding penitents from even the lowest orders of the ministry."

[1261] Matt. xvi. 19.

[1262] Ps. cxxii. 6: Fiat pax in virtute tua. The English version is, "Peace be within thy walls."

[1263] Bishop of Calarita. Comp. De Agone Christiano, c. 30.

[1264] The Bishop of CasÆ NigrÆ.

[1265] The Council of Bagai.

[1266] Matt. xii. 32.

[1267] John xv. 22.

[1268] John. xx. 22, 23.

[1269] Rom. ii. 4, 5.

[1270] 1 Cor. xi. 29.

[1271] 1 Cor. x. 17.

[1272] Eph. v. 23.

[1273] Rom. v. 5.

[1274] Jude 19.

[1275] Wisd. i. 5.

Transcriber's Notes

Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been retained except in obvious cases of typographical error.

Paragraph numbers in Book 7 were corrected as follows: Second para 53 corrected to 55. Para 16 corrected to 64.

The repetition of the title THE THREE BOOKS OF AUGUSTINE,etc. was removed on p230.

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