• 1 pt. milk.
• 4 (l.) tbsps. flour.
• 1/2 ssp. white pepper.
• 2 tbsps. butter.
• 1/2 tsp. salt.

Heat the milk over hot water. Put the butter in a granite saucepan and stir till it melts, being careful not to brown. Add the dry flour, and stir quickly till well mixed. Add the milk gradually, stirring carefully (especially from the sides) until perfectly smooth. Let it boil until it thickens, then add salt and pepper.

In using this sauce for creamed oysters, add 1/2 tsp. of celery salt, a few grains of cayenne pepper, and a tsp. of lemon juice.

• 1 pt. hot water or stock.
• 1/2 cup butter.
• 1/2 ssp. pepper.
• 4 (l.) tbsps. flour.
• 1/2 tsp. salt.

Put the butter in the saucepan; when melted add the dry flour, and mix well. Add the hot water or stock a little at a time, and stir rapidly till it thickens; when smooth add the salt and pepper. Be careful to have all sauces free from lumps. (Hard boiled eggs may be added to this sauce for baked or boiled fish. Two tbsps. of chopped parsley may be added if parsley sauce is desired.)

• 1 pt. hot stock.
• 2 tbsps. butter.
• 1/2 tsp. salt.
• 1 tbsp. lemon juice.
• 2 tbsps. minced onions.
• 4 tbsps. flour.
• 1/2 ssp. pepper.
• Caramel enough to color.

Mince the onion and fry it in the butter 5 minutes. Be careful not to burn it. When the butter is browned add the dry flour, and stir well. Add the hot stock a little at a time; stir rapidly until it thickens and is perfectly smooth. Add the salt and pepper. Simmer 5 minutes, and strain to remove the onion.

Melt 1 cup of sugar with 1 tbsp. of water in a frying-pan. Stir until it becomes of a dark brown color. Add 1 cup of boiling water, simmer 10 minutes, and bottle when cool. This coloring is useful for many purposes, and is more wholesome than browned butter.

• 1 pt. stewed tomatoes.
• 2 tbsps. flour.
• 1/2 tsp. soda.
• 1 tsp. salt.
• 1 pt. milk.
• 2 tbsps. butter.
• 1/4 tsp. pepper.

Reserve 1/2 cup of the milk, put the remainder on to cook in a stew-pan. Mix the flour with the cold milk, and stir into the boiling milk. Cook for 10 minutes, then add the salt, pepper and butter. Stir the soda into the hot tomatoes and stir 1/2 minute, then rub through a strainer. Add the strained tomatoes to the thickened milk, and serve at once.

• 4 potatoes, medium size.
• 2 tbsps. minced celery.
• 2 tbsps. of flour.
• 1/4 tsp. of pepper.
• 1/2 tsp. minced parsley.
• 1-1/2 pints of milk.
• 4 tbsps. minced onions.
• 1 tsp. of salt.
• 1 tbsp. of butter.

Pare the potatoes, place on the fire in enough boiling water to cover, and cook for 30 minutes. Reserve 1/2 cup milk, put the remainder in the double boiler with the onion and celery and place on the fire. Mix the cold milk with the flour and stir into the boiling milk. When the potatoes are cooked pour off the water, mash them until fine and light. Gradually beat into them the milk; now add salt, pepper and butter, and rub the soup through a sieve. Return to the fire and add the minced parsley; simmer for 5 minutes and serve immediately. (The parsley may be omitted and celery salt substituted for the minced celery.)

• 1 head celery.
• 1 pint milk.
• 1 tbsp. butter.
• 1/2 tsp. salt.
• 1 pint water.
• 1 tbsp. chopped onion.
• 2 tbsps. flour.
• 1/2 ssp. pepper.

Wash and scrape the celery, cut into 1/2 inch pieces, put it into the pint of boiling salted water and cook until very soft. Mash in the water in which it was boiled. Cook the onion with the milk in a double boiler 10 minutes and add it to the celery. Rub all through a strainer and put on to boil again. Melt the butter in a saucepan, stir in the flour and cook until smooth, but not brown, then stir it into the boiling soup. Add the salt and pepper; simmer 5 minutes and strain into the tureen. Serve very hot.