Haberdasher square, Grub street, Fore street.

Haberdashers, one of the twelve principal companies, was indifferently called Hurrers and Milliners; the latter from the merchandize in which they chiefly dealt, which came from the city of Milan in Italy: but they were incorporated by letters patent granted by King Henry VI. in the year 1407, by the style of The fraternity of St. Catharine the Virgin, of the Haberdashers of the city of London. But at present they are denominated The Master and four Wardens of the fraternity of the art or mystery of Haberdashers.

This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, and ninety-three Assistants, with a livery of 342 members, who upon their admission pay a fine of 5l. Maitland.

Haberdashers Almshouse at Hoxton. See Aske’s Almshouse.

Haberdashers Hall, situated on the north side of Maiden lane, is a good brick building, and the room called the hall is very neat and lofty. It is paved with marble and Purbeck stone, wainscoted about twelve feet high; and the screen at the west end, where are two arched apertures, is adorned with pilasters of the Corinthian order.

Hacket court, Coleman street.†

Hackney, a village in Middlesex, on the north east side of London, is a very large and populous village, inhabited by such numbers of merchants and wealthy persons, that it is said there are near an hundred gentlemen’s coaches kept. The parish has several hamlets belonging to it, among which are Clapton on the north, Dorleston and Shacklewell on the west, and Hummerton, which leads to Hackney Marsh, on the east. In this village are two meeting houses, viz. a new Presbyterian meeting near the church, and an Independent meeting in Mare street: besides a Presbyterian meeting house at Clapton, There are also here six boarding schools, a free school, a charity school, and several almshouses.

Hackney church was a distinct rectory and vicarage in the year 1292, and dedicated to St. Augustine; but the Knights Templars having obtained a mill and other possessions in the parish, they were, upon the suppression of their order, granted to the Knights Templars of St. John of Jerusalem, from whom the church is supposed to have received the present appellation of St. John: however, it was not presented to by that name till after the year 1660. It is in the gift of Mr. Tyson, Lord of the manor, but in ecclesiastical affairs is subject to the Bishop of London. Maitland.

At the bottom of Hackney Marsh there have been discovered within these few years, the remains of a great stone causeway, which by the Roman coins found there, appears to have been one of the famous highways made by the Romans. English Gazetteer.

Hackney Coaches. The village of Hackney being anciently celebrated for the numerous seats of the nobility and gentry it contained, this occasioned a great resort thither of persons of all ranks from the city of London, whereby so great a number of horses were daily hired in the city on that account, that at length all horses to be lett received the common appellation of Hackney horses; which denomination has since been communicated to public coaches and chairs.

’Tis observable that so lately as the year 1625, there were not above twenty hackney coaches in the city of London and the adjacent parts; and that these did not ply in the streets as at present; but those who had occasion for them sent for them from the stables where they stood: but in 1635, the number of these coaches being greatly increased, they plied in the streets, which being then much narrower in many parts of London than at present, the common passages were obstructed and rendered dangerous; and it was alledged, that by this great increase, the price of hay and other provender was much enhanced. Upon this a proclamation was published by his Majesty King Charles I. on the 19th of January, strictly commanding, that after the 24th of June following, no hackney coach should be used within the city and suburbs of London, except for carrying of people to and from their habitations in the country: and that no person whatsoever should be allowed to keep a coach in this city, except such persons as were capable of keeping four able horses fit for his Majesty’s service, which were at all times to be ready when called for, under a severe penalty. However in 1654, Cromwell published an ordinance, by which he ordered that the hackney coaches, which he limited to two hundred, should be under the care and government of the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen. And in 1662 it was enabled by parliament, that all the hackney coaches, which then amounted to four hundred, should annually pay the sum of 5l. each towards the charge of paving and cleaning the streets of London and Westminster. Since which time the number of hackney coaches has been augmented to eight hundred, and both they and the hackney, chairs put under the government of the Hackney coach office. Maitland.

Hackney Coach Office, in Surry street in the Strand, was erected according to an act of parliament passed in the year 1696, for licensing hackney coaches and chairs, and to put them under the government of five Commissioners, who have a salary of 150l. a year each. The number of coaches is limited to eight hundred; out of which two hundred are to ply every Sunday in their turn, on the forfeiture of 5l. for every coachman who plies out of his turn.

For the better government of these coaches and chairs, and preventing the drivers and owners imposing on those who employ them, each coach has its respective number on a tin plate fixed on each side. The price of each licence is 50l. no person is allowed to have more than two licences, and every proprietor pays 5s. a week by monthly payments, to the receiver of the office. A hackney coachman plying without a licence, using another’s figure, or defacing his own, forfeits 5l. And no horse, mare, or gelding, under fourteen hands high, is to be used in drawing hackney coaches.

If any coachman abuses a passenger; exacts more for his fare than he ought to receive; or refuses to go at the following rates, whether by day or night, foul or fair weather; upon complaint belong made to the Commissioners, and the number of the coach delivered in, such coachman will be summoned to appear, and fined for each offence twenty or forty shillings, according to the nature of his crime.

For the better ascertaining the fares between the most remarkable places of this city and suburbs, the Commissioners of the Hackney Coach office have caused the distance between the following parts to be measured, and the several rates fixed accordingly.

Rates for Hackney Coaches, one shilling.

From any of the Inns to Court to any part of St. James’s or Westminster, except beyond Tothill street.

From any of the Inns of Court, or thereabouts, to the Royal Exchange.

From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Albemarle street, Bolton street, Bloomsbury square, Soho square, or Little Queen street, Holborn.

From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster; or the nearest corner of Red Lion square.

From Golden square to Red Lion square.

From the Haymarket play house to Red Lion square, Queen’s square Westminster, Thavies Inn, or Bloomsbury square.

From Guildhall to Red Lion square.

From the upper end of Fetter lane, Holborn, to Aldgate.

From the Royal Exchange to Hoxton square.

From Newgate to the middle of Greek street near Soho square.

From the Bridge foot, Southwark, to Sir William Walworth’s Head at Walworth.

From Gray’s Inn gate to Sadler’s Wells near Islington.

From Covent garden to Clerkenwell church.

From Temple Bar to Billingsgate.

From Aldgate to Shadwell church.

Rates for Hackney Coaches, eighteen pence.

From Drury lane play house to Queen square, Westminster.

From Westminster Hall to St. Paul’s.

From Westminster Hall to Queen square, Red Lion fields.

From St. James’s gate to Hatton garden.

From the New Exchange in the Strand to the Royal Exchange.

From the Haymarket play house to Hatton garden.

From Red Lion square to Westminster hall.

From any of the Inns of Court to the Tower, Aldgate, Bishopsgate street, or thereabouts.

From St. James’s to Marybone church.

From the Royal Exchange to Bloomsbury square.

From the Royal Exchange to the watch house at Mile-end.

From the outside of Aldgate to Stepney church.

From Bedford street, Covent garden, to Coleman street.

From Bread street to Hoxton square.

From the middle of Broad street to Hart street, Bloomsbury.

From St. Martin’s lane in the Strand to Gold street, by Wood street.

From the middle of Gracechurch street to Somerset house.

From Guildhall to Brownlow street, Drury lane.

From the Royal Exchange to Newington church, Surry.

From Covent garden to the Royal Exchange.

From Stocks market to Charing Cross.

From Aldgate to Ratcliff Cross.

Hackney Chairmen, are subject to the same regulations as the Hackney Coachmen; and if they behave ill, any person may have them fined or punished by producing the number of the chair, and making complaint at the Hackney Coach office in Surry street. The only difference between them and the Hackney Coachmen is, that they are obliged to go the same distance for eighteen pence, which the coachmen perform for a shilling; they are to take no more than one shilling for any distance not exceeding a mile; and no more than eighteen pence for any distance not exceeding a mile and a half.

Rates for Hackney Chairmen, one shilling.

From Westminster to Covent garden, or Exeter Exchange.

From St. James’s gate through the Park to Westminster Hall.

From the Haymarket play house to the entrance of Lincoln’s Inn fields.

From the Haymarket play house to Bolton street.

From St. James’s gate to Somerset house.

From Somerset house to the upper end of Hatton garden.

From the Haymarket play house to Soho square.

From the nearest corner of Golden square to Drury lane play house.

Rates for Hackney Chairmen, eighteen pence.

From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Soho square, Bolton street, or Temple Bar.

From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster.

From Golden square to Red Lion square.

From Red Lion square to the Haymarket play house.

From Queen’s square to the Haymarket play house.

From the Haymarket play house to Bloomsbury square.

From the Haymarket play house to Gray’s Inn.

Hackney road, near Shoreditch.?

Hagle’s court, Silver street, Tooley street.†

Hains’s court; Swallow street.†

Hairbrain’d court, 1. Blue Anchor yard, Rosemary lane.? 2. Scotland yard.?

Halbourn yard, Mews, Duke street, Piccadilly.†

Halfmoon alley, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. By the Halfmoon tavern, Cheapside.* 3. Green Bank, Wapping.* 4. Grub street, Fore street.* 5. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 6. Little Bartholomew close, leading to the Halfmoon tavern. 7. Little Moorfields.* 8. Saltpetre Bank.* 9. Seven Stars alley, Golden lane.* 10. Whitechapel.* 11. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Halfmoon court, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Bow lane.* 3. Hermitage, Wapping.* 4. Long alley, Moorfields.* 5. Ludgate hill.* 6. Portpool lane.* 7. Saltpetre Bank.* 8. Wiltshire lane.* 9. East Smithfield.*

Halfmoon and Seven Stars court, Old street.*

Halfmoon passage, Foster lane, Cheapside.*

Halfmoon street, 1. Hyde Park road.* 2. In the Strand.* 3. West street, Soho.*

Half Nicol street, New Turnmill street, Shoreditch fields.

Half-paved court, Dorset street, Fleet str.

Halfpenny alley. 1. Jacob street. 2. Sharp’s alley, Cow Cross. 3. Halfway house lane, Stepney fields.

Hallam street, Gray’s Inn lane. †

Hall’s court, 1. Compton street.† 2. Deadman’s place.†

Hall’s rents, Helmet court, St. Catharine’s.†

Hall’s stairs, Narrow street, Ratcliff.†

Hallmote, a court so denominated from the place in which it is kept, belongs to the several companies of citizens, by whom it is occasionally held in their respective halls, wherein the affairs of each of the companies are respectively transacted.

Halsey’s court, Blackman street.†

Halsted, a village in Essex, between Cray and Sevenoak, near which is the seat of the Duke of Richmond, called Halsted Place.

Ham (East) a village in Essex, south east of Plaistow, and six miles from London.

Ham (West) a village in Essex, between Stratford and Little Ilford.

Hamburgh Merchants, a company incorporated by Edward I. in the year 1269, by the name of Merchant Adventurers. This being the first company of merchants incorporated in this kingdom, they soon obtained ample privileges of John Duke of Brabant, for establishing a factory at Antwerp.

As these merchants proved of great advantage to the nation, their privileges were confirmed and enlarged by several succeeding Princes, particularly by Queen Elizabeth, who impowered the members of this company to extend their commerce to all parts of Germany. This was no sooner known, than very great privileges were offered them by the merchants of Hamburgh, as an encouragement to settle in their city, which being accepted, the factory repaired thither, where they still continue, and are at present known by the appellation of the Hamburgh Company, the ancient name being now never used but in deeds, and other writings.

This society, since the diminishing of their privileges, and laying open their trade in the reign of King William III. is greatly reduced. Strype’s edit. of Stow.

Ham Farm, is the seat of the Earl of Portmore at Weybridge in Surry. It is situated between the Earl of Lincoln’s and the late Mr. Southcote’s. The house is a large handsome structure built regularly of brick, with a fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds about it consist of about 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleasure, besides a paddock of about 60 acres. Here is a fine command of water, there being two navigable rivers, the Thames, which comes with a fine bending course by the side of the terrace, and the Wye, which runs direct]y through the grounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace. There is a swing bridge over the Wye, which may be turned aside at pleasure to let boats and other vessels pass. The Wye is navigable up to Guildford and other places. What is called the Virginia Water, runs from Windsor great park, and flows through Mr. Southcote’s grounds hither. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful; and though it lies upon a flat, there are some good views from it, and from other parts of the gardens. This place was first beautified by the Countess of Dorchester, in the reign of James II.

Ham House. See Petersham.

Hamilton street, Hyde Park road.†

Hamilton’s yard, Upper Shadwell.†

Hammer and Crown court, Broad street, Ratcliff.*

Hammer court, In the Minories.*

Hammersmith, a village in Middlesex, four miles west from London. There are a number of pretty seats about it, especially towards the Thames, among which the most remarkable is Mr. Doddington’s. It has a church, a Presbyterian meeting house, two charity schools, a work house, and a kind of nunnery.

Hammond’s Almshouse, in Almshouse yard, Snow hill, consists of six neat rooms, and was founded by Edmund Hammond, Esq; in the year 1651, for as many poor batchelors or widowers, with an allowance 10l. a year each: but the estate appropriated for its support being reduced by the fire of London, the Haberdashers company, to which the care of this charitable foundation was intrusted, at present only pay the pensioners the annual sum of 7l. 10s. each.

Hammond’s court, Haymarket.†

Hammond’s key, Thames street.†

Hammond’s lane, Thames street.†

Hampshire court, Whitechapel.

Hampshire Hog yard, Broad St. Giles’s.*

Hampshire yard, Whitechapel.

Hampstead, a pleasant village in Middlesex, situated near the top of a hill about four miles on the north west side of London. On the summit of this hill is a heath, which is adorned with many gentlemen’s houses, and extends about a mile every way, affording a most extensive and delightful prospect over the city as far as Shooter’s Hill, and into the counties all around it. This village used to be formerly resorted to for its mineral waters; and there is here a fine assembly room for dancing. Its old ruinous church, which was a chapel belonging to the Lord of the manor, has been lately pulled down, and a new one is just erected in its room. There is besides a handsome chapel near the wells, built by the contribution of the inhabitants, who are chiefly citizens and merchants of London; and also a meeting house.

Hampstead Water Office, in Denmark street, St. Giles’s. To this office belong two main pipes of a seven inch bore, which bring water from the ponds at Highgate and Hampstead to supply that neighbourhood.

Hampstead yard, Gray’s Inn lane.

Ham’s corner, Old street.†

Ham’s rents, Ratcliff highway.†

Ham’s yard, 1. Brook street.† 2. Great Windmill street.†

Hampton Court, is delightfully situated on the north bank of the river Thames, about two miles from Kingston, and at a small distance from a village called Hampton. This palace was magnificently built with brick by Cardinal Wolsey, who here set up two hundred and eighty silk beds for strangers only, and richly stored it with gold and silver plate; but it raised so much envy against him, that to screen himself from its effects, he gave it to King Henry VIII. who, in return, suffered him to live in his palace of Richmond. King Henry greatly enlarged it, and it had then five spacious courts adorned with buildings, which in that age were so greatly admired by all foreigners as well as the natives, that the learned Grotius says of this place:

If e’er a Briton what is wealth don’t know; let him repair to Hampton Court, and then view all the palaces of the earth, when he will say, Those are the residence of Kings, but this of the Gods.

In order to give a more perfect idea of this grandeur, we shall give a description of the ornaments of this palace, as they appeared in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, from an author who describes what he himself saw.

“The chief area, says he, is paved with square stone; in its center is a fountain that throws up water, covered with a gilt crown, on the top of which is a statue of Justice, supported by columns of black and white marble. The chapel of this palace is most splendid, in which the Queen’s closet is quite transparent, having its windows of crystal. We were led into two chambers called the presence, or chambers of audience, which shone with tapestry of gold and silver, and silk of different colours: under the canopy of state are these words embroidered in pearl, Vivat Henricus Octavus. Here is besides a small chapel richly hung with tapestry, where the Queen performs her devotions. In her bedchamber the bed was covered with very costly coverlids of silk. At no great distance from this room we were shewn a bed, the teaster of which was worked by Anne Boleyn, and presented by her to her husband Henry VIII. All the other rooms being very numerous, are adorned with tapestry of gold, silver, and velvet, in some of which were woven history pieces, in others Turkish and American dresses, all extremely natural.

“In the hall are these curiosities: a very clear looking glass, ornamented with columns and little images of alabaster; a portrait of Edward VI. brother to Queen Elizabeth; the true portrait of Lucretia; a picture of the battle of Pavia; the history of Christ’s passion, carved in mother of pearl; the portrait of Mary Queen of Scots; the picture of Ferdinand Prince of Spain, and of Philip his son; that of Henry VIII. under which was placed the Bible curiously written upon parchment; an artificial sphere; several musical instruments: in the tapestry are represented negroes riding upon elephants; the bed in which Edward VI. is said to have been born, and where his mother Jane Seymour died in childbed. In one chamber were several excessively rich tapestries, which are hung up when the Queen gives audience to foreign ambassadors; there were numbers of cushions ornamented with gold and silver; many counterpanes and coverlids of beds lined with ermine. In short, all the walls of the palace shine with gold and silver. Here is besides a certain cabinet called Paradise, where besides that every thing glitters so with silver, gold, and jewels, as to dazzle one’s eyes, there is a musical instrument made all of glass, except the strings. Afterwards we were led into the gardens, which are most pleasant.”

Hentzner’s Journey into England.

This palace, which was afterwards the prison of King Charles I. is, with the parks, encompassed in a semicircle by the Thames. King William and Queen Mary were so greatly pleased with its situation, which rendered it capable of great improvements, and of being made one of the noblest palaces in Europe, that while the former was causing the old apartments to be pulled down, and rebuilt in the more beautiful manner in which they now appear, her Majesty impatient to enjoy so agreeable a retreat, fixed upon a building near the river, called the Water Gallery, and suiting it to her convenience, adorned it with the utmost elegance, though its situation would not allow it to stand after the principal building was completed.

Since the pulling down of the Water Gallery, which stood before the fine stone front that faces the river, the ground to the south west received considerable improvements. This spot is laid out in small inclosures, surrounded with tall hedges, in order to break the violence of the winds, and render them proper for the reception of such exotic plants as were moved thither in summer out of the conservatories. Here are two basons constantly supplied with water, for the support of these plants in dry weather; and as these are situated near the great apartments, most of the plants may be viewed from the window.

At a small distance to the west, stood a large hot house, for preserving such tender exotic plants as require a greater share of warmth than is generally felt in this climate. Of this part of gardening Queen Mary was so fond, that she allowed a handsome salary to Dr. Plukenet, a very learned botanist, for overlooking and registering the curious collection of plants she caused to be brought into the garden; but since her Majesty’s death they have been much neglected, and very few of the most curious plants are now to be found there.

The park and gardens, with the ground on which the palace now stands, are about three miles in circumference. On a pediment at the front of the palace on this side, is a bas-relief of the triumphs of Hercules over Envy; and facing it a large oval bason, answering to the form of this part of the garden, which is a large oval divided into gravel walks and parterres, laid out in an elegant manner, by those two eminent gardeners, London and Wise.

At the entrance of the grand walk, are two large marble vases, of exquisite workmanship, one said to be performed by Mr. Cibber, the father of the poet laureat, and the other by a foreigner; these pieces are reported to be done as a trial of skill; but it is difficult to determine which is the finest performance. They are beautifully adorned with bas-relief; that on the right hand, representing the triumphs of Bacchus, and the other on the left, Amphitrite and the Nereides. At the bottom of this walk, facing a large canal which runs into the park, are two other large vases, the bas-relief on one representing the judgment of Paris; and that of the other, Meleager hunting the wild boar.

In four of the parterres are four fine brass statues. The first is a gladiator, which formerly stood in the parade of St. James’s Park, at the foot of the canal, and was removed thither in the reign of Queen Anne. The original was performed by Agasias Desitheus of Ephesus, and is in the Borghesian palace at Rome. The second is a young Apollo; the third a Diana; and the fourth, Saturn going to devour one of his children: all after fine originals.

On the south side of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to the river Thames; in this garden is a fine fountain, and two grand terrace walks.

On the north side of the palace is a tennis court; and beyond that a gate which leads into the wilderness: farther on is the great gate of the gardens, on the sides of which are large stone piers, with the lion and unicorn couchant, in stone.

We shall now, leaving the gardens, take a view of the palace, and several apartments, with their noble furniture and fine paintings, performed by the most eminent masters.

To begin with the first entrance into the palace, at the gates of which are four large brick piers, adorned with the lion and unicorn, each of them holding a shield, whereon are the arms of Great Britain, with several trophies of war well carved on stone.

Passing through a long court yard, on each side of which are stabling for the officers of his Majesty’s houshold, we come next to the first portal, which is strongly built of brick, and decorated by Wolfey with the heads of four of the CÆsars, Trajan and Adrian on one side, and on the other Tiberius and Vitellius.

Thro’ this portal we pass into a large quadrangle, remarkable for nothing extraordinary, but its spaciousness and uniformity. This leads to a second quadrangle, where over the portal is a beautiful astronomical clock, made by the celebrated Tompion, on which are curiously represented the twelve signs of the zodiac, with the rising and setting of the sun, the various phases of the moon, and other ornaments, and indications of time.

On the left hand of this quadrangle is the great old hall, in which, by her late Majesty’s command, was erected a theatre, wherein it was intended that two plays should have been acted every week, during the time of the court’s continuance there; but Mr. Colley Cibber observes, that only seven plays were performed in it, by the players from Drury lane, the summer when it was raised, and one afterwards for the entertainment of the Duke of Lorrain, afterwards Emperor of Germany. In the front is a portal of brick decorated with four CÆsars heads without names.

On the opposite side of this quadrangle is a stone colonade of fourteen columns, and two pilasters of the Ionic order, with an entablature and balustrade at the top, adorned in the middle with two large vases.

This leads to the great stair case, adorned with iron balusters curiously wrought and gilt, the whole erected on porphyry. From the ceiling hangs by a strong brass chain gilt, a large glass lanthorn which holds sixteen candles, and has an imperial crown at the top. This staircase, with the ceiling, were painted by Signor Verrio, an Italian, by order of King William III.

At the top, on the left side, are Apollo and the nine Muses, at whose feet sits the God Pan with his unequal reeds, and a little below them the Goddess Ceres, holding in one hand a wheat sheaf, and with the other pointing to loaves of bread; at her feet is Flora, surrounded by her attendants, and holding in her right hand a chaplet of flowers; near her are the two river Gods Thame and Isis with their urns; and a large table in the middle, upon which is a quantity of rich plate, decorated with flowers.

On the ceiling are Jupiter and Juno, with Ganymede riding on Jupiter’s eagle, and offering the cup. Juno’s peacock is in the front: one of the ParcÆ, with her scissors in her hand, seems to wait for Jove’s orders to cut the thread of life. These figures are covered with a fine canopy surrounded with the signs of the zodiac, and by several zephyrs, with flowers in their hands; and on one side of them is Fame with her two trumpets.

Beneath is a beautiful figure of Venus riding on a swan, Mars addressing himself to her as a lover, and Cupid riding on another swan.

On the right hand are Pluto and Proserpine, Coelus and Terra, Cybele crowned with a tower, and others. Neptune and Amphitrite are in the front, and two attendants are serving them with nectar and fruit. Bacchus is leaning on a rich ewer, and, being accompanied by his attendants, places his left hand on the head of Silenus, who sits on an ass that is fallen down, he seeming to catch at a table, to which Diana above is pointing. The table is supported by eagles; on one side of it sits Romulus, the founder of Rome, with a wolf; and on the other side of it is Hercules leaning on his club. Peace in her right hand holds a laurel, and in her left a palm over the head of Æneas, who seems inviting the twelve CÆsars, among whom is Spurina the soothsayer, to a celestial banquet. Over their heads hovers the genius of Rome with a flaming sword, the emblem of destruction, and a bridle, the emblem of government, both in her right hand.

The next is the Emperor Julian writing at a table, while Mercury dictates to him.

Over the door at the head of the stairs is a funeral pile, done in stone colour; and under the above paintings are thirty-six panels, representing trophies of war, and other decorations in the same colour.

From the stair case we pass into the guard chamber, which is very large and spacious, it being upwards of sixty feet long, and forty feet wide. This room contains arms for 5000 men, curiously placed in various forms. There are here pilasters of pikes and bayonet on each side sixteen panels that go round the room; with variety of other ornaments, as muskets in chequer work, stars made of bayonets, swords, &c.

The next is the King’s first presence chamber, which is hung with rich old tapestry. The ceiling is vaulted, and from the center hangs a fine lustre of nineteen branches. Fronting the door are the canopy and chair of state, which, as well as the stools, are of crimson damask; on the back part of the canopy are the King’s arms, and round the vallance, a crown and cypher embroidered in gold.

On the left hand of the entrance, behind the door is a fine picture about eighteen feet by fifteen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. King William III. is in armour on a stately grey horse, trampling on trophies of war, by which lies a flaming torch. At the top in the clouds Mercury and Peace support his helmet, decorated with laurel, and a Cupid holds a scroll. On the bottom part of the picture appear Neptune and his attendants by the side of a rock, welcoming the hero on shore; and at a distance is seen a fleet of ships, their sails swelled with the east wind. In the front ground Plenty with her cornucopia offers him an olive branch, and Flora presents flowers.

Over the chimney is a whole length of the Marquis of Hamilton, Lord Steward of the houshold to King Charles I. by Van Somer; and over the doors are two pieces of architecture, finely executed by Rosso.

The next room, which is called the second presence chamber, is spacious, and has a vaulted ceiling, from the centre of which hangs a gilt chandelier of twelve branches. The tapestry is ancient but very rich, the lights being all gold, and the shadows silk; the subjects are, Hercules and the Hydra, and Midas with his ass’s ears. The chair of state and stools are of crimson damask fringed with the same colour. Over the chimney is a whole length of Christiern IV. King of Denmark, by Van Somer. This picture, as most of the large ones are, is decorated round the frame on the outside with festoons of fruit and flowers, finely carved in high-relief. Over the three doors are pieces of ruins and landscapes, by Rosso. In this room are also two fine marble tables, with two pier glasses, and two pair of gilt stands.

The fourth room is very lofty; in the middle hangs a beautiful chased silver chandelier of sixteen branches. Here is a fine canopy of state, with the window curtains, chair and stools, of rich crimson damask laced and fringed with gold. The tapestry, which represents part of the story of Abraham, is fine; over the chimney is a whole length picture of Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, the daughter of King James I. and over each of the two doors is a Madona, by Domenico Fetti.

In the fifth room is also a chair of state, and stools; the window curtains are tissue with a silver ground; there are silver sconces fastened to the tapestry, which is richly woven with gold, but is very ancient; the subject is Abraham sending his servants to get a wife for Isaac. Over the chimney piece is an admirable whole length picture of King Charles I. by Van Dyck; and over the doors are two capital pictures, the first is David with Goliath’s head, by Fetti; the other the holy family, by Correggio.

In the King’s state bed chamber is a crimson velvet bed, laced with gold, having plumes of white feathers on the top. This room, which is very spacious, is hung round with tapestry representing the history of Joshua, about which are eight silver sconces chased with the Judgment of Solomon. The ceiling, which was painted by Verrio, represents Endymion lying with his head in the lap of Morpheus, and Diana admiring him as he sleeps. On another part of the ceiling is a fine figure of Somnus, or Sleep, with his attendants, and in the border are four landscapes, and four boys with baskets of flowers intermixed with poppies. Over the doors are two flower pieces, finely painted by Baptist; and over the chimney is a whole length of the Dutchess of York, by Van Somer.

In the King’s private bed chamber, the bed is of crimson damask, and the room hung with fine tapestry, the subject of which is Solbay fight.

The King’s dressing room, which is about twelve feet long, and six feet wide, has the ceiling painted by Verrio. Mars is sleeping in Venus’s lap, while several Cupids steal away his armour, sword and spear, and others are binding his legs and arms with fetters of roses. The borders are decorated with jessamin, orange trees in pots, and several sorts of birds. Over the doors are fine flower pieces, by Baptist. The room is hung with straw-coloured India damask, and the chair, stools and screen, are covered with the same.

The King’s writing closet is of a triangular form, and has two windows. The hangings and stools are of a pea-green India damask. A glass is here so placed, as to shew all the rooms on that side of the building in one view. Over each door is a flower piece by Baptist, and over the chimney a fine picture of a great variety of birds, by Bougdane. There is here a fine collection of china.

Queen Mary’s closet is hung with needle work, said to be wrought with her own hand; there are also an easy chair, four others, and a screen, all said to be the work of that excellent Queen. The work is extremely neat; the figures are well shadowed, perhaps equal to the best tapestry, and shew great judgment in drawing. Over the chimney piece is an old painting, said to be Raphael’s, representing Jupiter’s throne, by which is the thunder, and his eagle in the clouds.

The Queen’s gallery, which is about seventy feet long, and twenty-five feet wide, is hung with seven beautiful pieces of tapestry, representing the history of Alexander the Great, and done after the famous paintings of Le Brun; they are however not placed according to chronology, for some of the last actions of Alexander’s life are placed before those which preceded them. Under that part of the tapestry which represents the story of Alexander and Diogenes, and which is placed over the chimney piece, is a very neat bust of a Venus in alabaster standing upon an oval looking-glass, under which are two doves billing in basso relievo. Among the other furniture in this gallery, are two very fine tables of Egyptian marble.

The ceiling of the Queen’s state bed chamber is finely painted by Sir J. Thorn-hill, who has represented Aurora rising out of the ocean in her golden chariot, drawn by four white horses. The bed is of crimson damask; and besides other furniture, the room is adorned with a glass lustre with silver sockets. Over a large marble chimney piece is a whole length of King James I. by Van Somer. At his right hand, over one of the doors, is Queen Anne his consort; on his left, their daughter the Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of Bohemia; both by Van Somer. Over the other door is a beautiful whole length of Henry Prince of Wales, their eldest son, by Van Dyck. In the cornice are four other portraits, one on each side, viz. his late Majesty K. George I. his present Majesty King George II. the late Queen Caroline, and the late Prince of Wales.

The Queen’s drawing room has the ceiling painted by Signor Verrio; in the middle of which is the late Queen Anne, under the character of Justice, holding the scales in one hand, and the sword in the other: she is dressed in a purple robe lined with ermine; and Neptune and Britannia are holding a crown over her head. The room is hung with green damask, upon which are placed nine pictures, three on each side of the room, and three at the end. These were formerly all in one piece of a great length, as may be very plainly seen from some of the figures being cut asunder, and placed in different pieces. The whole is the triumph of Julius CÆsar, and was a long procession of soldiers, priests, officers of state, &c. at the end of which that Emperor appears in his triumphal chariot, with Victory holding a laurel crown over his head. It is painted in water colours upon canvas, by Andrea Mantegna.

The Queen’s state audience room is hung with rich tapestry, representing the children of Israel carrying the twelve stones to the river Jordan, as mentioned in Joshua iv. Here is a fine canopy of state, and five pictures at full length, the Duke, Dutchess, and Marchioness of Brunswick their daughter; the Dutchess of Lenox, and Margaret Queen of Scots, all by Holbein.

The Prince of Wales’s presence chamber is hung with tapestry wrought with the story of Tobit and Tobias. Here is a canopy of state of green damask: over one of the doors is Guzman, and over another Gundamor, two Spanish ambassadors: over the third is Madam Chatillon, the French Admiral’s lady; and over the chimney, Lewis XIII. of France, with a walking stick in his hand, and a dog by his side, all by Holbein.

The Prince of Wales’s drawing room is hung with tapestry, representing Elymas the sorcerer struck with blindness; this is taken from one of the cartons. Over the chimney piece is the Duke of Wirtemburg: over one of the doors is a whole length of the wife of Philip II. King of Spain; and over the other, a whole length of Count Mansfield, General of the Spaniards in the Low Countries, all by Holbein.

The Prince of Wales’s bed chamber has a bed of green damask, and four pictures also done by Holbein, viz. over the chimney piece is a whole length of the Duke of Lunenbourg, great grandfather to his present Majesty; over one of the doors Philip II. King of Spain; over another, the consort of Christiern IV. King of Denmark; and over the third, a whole length of the Prince of Parma, Governor of the Netherlands.

In the private dining room are four pictures of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, by Vande Velde; and over the chimney a very fine one, by Van Dyck, of the Lord Effingham Howard, Lord High Admiral of England.

In the Admiral’s gallery are the pictures of the following celebrated Admirals, Sir George Rooke, Sir Cloudsley Shovel, Sir John Leake, the Lord Torrington, Admiral Churchill, Sir Stafford Fairborne, Sir John Jennings, Sir Thomas Hopson, Admiral Beaumont, Sir Thomas Dilks, Admiral Bembo, Admiral Whetstone, Admiral Wishart, Admiral Graydon, Admiral Munden; all painted by Dahl, and Sir Godfrey Kneller.

In the room of Beauties, nine ladies are placed in the following order: the Lady Peterborough, the Lady Ranelagh, the Lady Middleton, Miss Pitt, the Duchess of St. Alban’s, Lady Essex, Lady Dorset, Queen Mary, and the Duchess of Grafton. Q. Mary was painted by Wissing, and all the rest by Sir Godfrey Kneller.

In the Carton gallery are the celebrated cartons of Raphael Urbino, so called from their being painted on paper. These are seven pieces of sacred history, taken from the New Testament, and were at first designed only as patterns for tapestry. For these admirable pieces Lewis XIV. is said to have offered 100,000 louis d’ors.

These pictures, which may be properly termed coloured drawings on paper, as big as the life, are painted with great delicacy and beauty in water colours. The first is the miraculous draught of fishes, in which Christ appears in the boat with an air of divine gentleness. A very ingenious modern author, whose words we shall chiefly follow in the description of these admirable pieces, observes, that the exotic birds, the magnificent large fowl placed on the shore in the fore ground, have a sea wildness in them; and, as their food was fish, contribute to express the business in hand, which is fishing; and being thus placed on the shore, prevents the heaviness which that part would otherwise have had, by breaking the parallel lines that would have been made by the boat, and the base of the picture.

However in this carton Raphael has made a boat too little to hold the figures he has placed in it; but had he made it large enough for those figures, the picture would have been all boat; and to have made his figures small enough for a vessel of that size, would have rendered them unsuitable to the rest of the set, and less considerable: there would have been too much boat, and too little figure.

The second, which is the delivery of the keys, has received some injury, and is not now what Raphael made it. As this is the appearance of our Saviour after the resurrection, present authority, late suffering, humility and majesty, despotic command, and divine love, are at once visible in his celestial aspect. He is wrapt only in one large piece of white drapery, his left arm and breast are bare, and part of his legs naked, which was undoubtedly done to denote his appearing in his resurrection body, and not as before his crucifixion, when this dress would have been altogether improper. The figures of the eleven apostles all express the same passion of admiration, but discover it differently according to their characters. Peter receives his master’s orders on his knees, with an admiration mixed with a more particular attention; the words used on that occasion are expressed by our Saviour’s pointing to a flock of sheep, and St. Peter’s having just received two keys. The two next express a more open ecstasy, though still constrained by their awe of the divine presence. The beloved disciple has in his countenance wonder drowned in love; and the last personage, whose back is towards the presence, one would fancy to be St. Thomas, whose perplexed concern could not be better drawn, than by this acknowledgment of the difficulty to describe it. The apostle who stands in profile immediately behind St. John, has a yellow garment with red sleeves, which connects the figure with St. Peter and St. John, whose draperies are of the same species of colours; next is a loose changeable drapery, then another different yellow with shadows bearing on the purple, all which produce wonderful harmony.

The third is the miracle of healing the cripple at the Beautiful Gate of the temple. All the figures are admirably performed; the boys are done with great judgment, and by being naked make a fine contrast. The figures are placed at one end near the corner, which varies the side of the picture, and gives an opportunity to enlarge the building with a fine portico, the like of which you must imagine must be on the other side of the main structure, all which together make a noble piece of architecture.

The fourth is the history of the death of Ananias. Here is the greatest dignity in the apostles; they are however only a subordinate group, because the principal action relates to the criminal; thither the eye is directed by almost all the figures in the picture; what a horror and reverence is visible in the whole assembly on this mercenary man’s falling down dead!

The fifth is Elymas the sorcerer struck with blindness. His whole body from head to foot expresses his being blind. How admirably are terror and astonishment expressed in the people present? and how variously according to their several characters? the Proconsul has these sentiments but as a Roman and a gentleman, the rest in several degrees and manners. The same sentiments appear in Ananias’s death, together with those of joy and triumph, which naturally arise in good minds upon the fight of the divine justice and the victory of truth.

What grace and majesty is seen in the great apostle of the gentiles, in all his actions, preaching, rending his garments, denouncing vengeance on the sorcerer! The Proconsul Sergius Paulus has a greatness and grace superior to his character; and equal to what one can suppose in CÆsar, Augustus, or Trajan.

The sixth is the sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas by the people of Lycaonia. The occasion of this is finely told; the man healed of his lameness, to express his sense of the divine power which appeared in these apostles, and to shew it to be him, not only a crutch is under his feet on the ground, but an old man takes up the lappet of his garment, and looks upon the limb he remembers to have been crippled, expressing great devotion and amazement; which are sentiments seen in the other, with a mixture of joy.

The group of the ox and popa are taken from a bass relievo in the Villa de Medici.

The seventh is St. Paul preaching to the Athenians. The divine orator is the chief figure; but with what wonderful art are almost all the different tempers of mankind represented in that elegant audience! one is eminently distinguished as a believer, holding out his hands in rapture, and has the second place in the picture; another is wrapped up in deep suspense; another saying there is some reason in what he says; another angry and malicious at his destroying some favourite opinion; others attentive and reasoning on the matter within themselves, or with one another; while the generality attend, and wait for the opinion of those who are leading characters in the assembly. Some are placed before the apostle, some behind, not only as caring less for the preacher or the doctrine, but to raise the apostolic character, which would lose something of its dignity, if his maligners were supposed to be able to look him in the face.

This picture is conducted with the greatest judgment. The attitude of St. Paul is as fine as possible, pointing out his hands to the statue of Mercury, alluding to their idolatry; for the men of Lystra would call him by that name, and worship him as a God presiding over eloquence. Thus the picture shews the subject of his preaching. The little drapery thrown over the apostle’s shoulder, and hanging down to his waist, poises the figure, which otherwise would seem ready to tumble forwards. The drapery is red and green, the back ground is expressive of the superstition St. Paul was preaching against, as above-mentioned. No historian, orator or poet, can possibly give so great an idea of the eloquent and zealous apostle as this figure does: for there we see a person, whose face and action no words can sufficiently describe; but which assure us as much as those can, that that divine man must speak with good sense and to the purpose.

There were in all twelve of these pieces, two of which are in the possession of the French King: the King of Sardinia has two of the others, and one belonged to a gentleman in England, who pledged it for a sum of money: but when the person who had taken this valuable deposit found it was to be redeemed, being very unwilling to part with it, he greatly damaged the drawing; for which the gentleman brought his action, and it was tried in Westminster hall, where the picture was produced. The subject was Herod’s cruelty, and indeed, the cruel malice of the person sued, seemed to flow from a principle perhaps equally diabolical and inexcusable.

Over the chimney piece in this gallery is a fine bas-relief in white marble of Venus drawn in her chariot, and attended by several Cupids.

We come next to the Queen’s staircase, where the ceiling is painted by Vick. Here is King Charles II. and Catharine his Queen, with the Duke of Buckingham representing Science in the habit of Mercury, while Envy is struck down by naked boys. There are also other ornaments done by Mr. Kent.

From the Queen’s stair case, we descend into a new quadrangle, in the middle of which is a round bason, and four large lamps on pedestals of iron work; and on the right hand over the windows, are the twelve labours of Hercules done in fresco.

We shall conclude our account with observing, that the whole palace consists of three quadrangles. The first and second are Gothic, but in the latter is a most beautiful colonade of the Ionic order, the columns in couplets, built by Sir Christopher Wren. Through this, as was before observed, you pass into the third court or quadrangle, in which are the royal apartments, which are magnificently built of brick and stone by King William III. The print shews two sides of these new buildings. The gardens are not in the present natural stile, but in that which prevailed some years ago, when mathematical figures were preferred to natural forms.

Hanaper Office, an office in Chancery under the direction of the Master of the Hanaper, his deputy, the clerk, sometimes called the Warden of the Hanaper, and the six clerks in Chancery for the time being, who are comptrollers of the Hanaper. The clerk of the Hanaper receives all money due for charters, patents, commissions, and writs; attends the Lord Keeper daily in term time, and at all times of sealing, with leather bags, in which are put all sealed charters, patents, and the like; and delivered to the comptroller of the Hanaper. Mr. Chamberlain supposes, that instead of leather bags the clerk of the Hanaper formerly carried a hamper, and that from thence he was called the clerk of the Hamper or Hanaper.

Hand alley, 1. High Holborn.* 2. Long alley, Moorfields.* 3. Norfolk street.* 4. Petticoat lane and Bishopsgate street.* 5. Snow hill.* 6. Wormwood street.*

Hand and Crown alley, Cow Cross.*

Hand and Pen alley, Tower hill.*

Hand court, 1. Petticoat lane.* 2. Philip lane, London Wall.* 3. Near the Steel yard, Thames street.*

Hand and Crown court, 1. Chiswell street.* 2. Gravel lane.* 3. Orchard street.*

Hand and Holybush court, St. Clement’s.*

Hand and Pen court, 1. Barbican.* 2. Great Tower hill.* 3. Leadenhall street.*

Handcock’s yard, Brown’s lane, Spitalfields.*

Hand in Hand alley, St. Olave’s street.*

Hand in Hand Fire Office, in Angel court, Snow hill, opposite St. Sepulchre’s church, for insuring only houses, was erected in the year 1696, by about one hundred persons, who entering into a mutual agreement to insure each other from losses by having their houses consumed by fire, formed a deed of settlement for that purpose, which was inrolled in Chancery on the 24th of January 1698, and this deed being signed by every person desirous of becoming a member, he or she is by this means admitted into the joint copartnership, and becomes an equal sharer in the profit and loss, in proportion to his or her respective insurance.

The conditions of insurance are, two shillings per cent. premium, and ten shillings per cent. deposit on brick houses, and double those sums on timber houses in the cities of London and Westminster, and within five computed miles from the same, to be paid on insuring for a term not exceeding seven years.

Houses in the country, beyond five, and so far as twenty computed miles from the said cities are to pay an additional premium of one shilling per cent. on brick, and double on timber; and beyond twenty so far as thirty computed miles from the said cities, being the limits of insurance by this office, an additional premium of two shillings per cent. on brick, and double on timber, the deposit being the same in all places. Houses with party-walls of brick or stone are to be accounted brick, and those which have not such party-walls to be accounted timber houses. Thatched are not to be insured.

Any number of contiguous houses, not exceeding the value of three hundred pounds, may be insured in one policy.

No more than two thousand pounds can be insured on one house in a policy: but halls, hospitals, and other large buildings, divided by brick or stone partitions, may each be insured in several policies.

At the expiration of policies, or whatever time the property in their houses ceases, all persons may on application to the office, receive the deposit, together with the dividends of profit made every year from the premium and interest of money, after the charges of the office are paid, deducting their proportion of contributions towards losses, during the time they have been insured.

Hence it plainly appears, that the whole money paid on insuring, both premium and deposit, is in effect only deposited, to make good losses by fire and the charges of the office; it being all returned, except what is applied to those purposes.

Contributions are laid when fires happen, and dividends made every year by the Directors, which are registered in tables hung up in the office, to be perused by the members.

All the members or persons insured, have the liberty of examining all the books and papers of the office, at seasonable hours, gratis.

No person insured is obliged to pay above ten shillings per cent. Contribution for brick, and double for timber houses, more than the money first deposited. This being now upwards of 80,000l. valuing the public securities at Par, must all be exhausted by losses happening almost together, before any call can be made from the members.

The affairs of the office are managed by twenty-four Directors, without any salary or reward, who are chosen by balloting for three years, from amongst, and by the persons insured, in the way of an annual rotation, eight new ones every year, on the three days immediately preceding the general meeting in November. They meet at the office in Angel court on Snow hill, to transact business, every Tuesday at three in the afternoon.

Every house before it can be insured, must be surveyed by a person employed by the office, and in case of a loss or damage, is to be put into the condition it was in before the fire, allowing not more than three shillings a yard for painting, nor above thirty pounds for any chimney piece; or else the whole sum insured is to be paid to the sufferer without any deduction.

Nothing is more evident than that the profits of insurance, which in the offices insuring for gain are divided on their capital stock, are here, together with the salaries of the Directors, applied to the benefit of the insured. The consequence of which is, that this office having paid above two hundred and fifty thousand pounds for losses; the charge to the injured from its beginning in the year 1696, has been at a medium under nine-pence a year for one hundred pounds insured on brick houses.

The surveyors are to survey houses with all convenient expedition after directions are left, without any fee or reward.

The clerks give constant attendance at the office, from eight in the morning to six in the evening. The proposals delivered by the Office, October 10, 1758.

This company keep in their service thirty firemen, who are annually clothed, and have each a badge, on which are two hands joined and a crown over them.

Hand in Hand yard, Old Horselydown lane.*

Hand yard, Thames street.*

Hanging Lion yard, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.*

Hanging Sword alley, 1. Quaker street.* 2. Water lane, Fleet street.*

Hanging Sword court, Water lane, Fleet street.*

Hangman’s acre, King David’s fort, near Bluegate fields.

Hangman’s Gains, St. Catherines. Mr. Strype observes, that the towns of Calais, Hammes, and Guisnes, being lost in the reign of Queen Mary, many of the inhabitants fled to England, and wanting habitations, a part of St. Catharine’s where this lane is now built, was allowed them, which from the countries whence they came was called Hammes and Guisnes, which at length by a vulgar corruption was changed to Hangman’s gains.

Hangman’s Gains alley, St. Catharine’s.

Hannoway street, Tottenham Court road.†

Hanover court, 1. Grub street. 2. Houndsditch. 3. In the Minories.

Hanover square, so called in compliment to the present royal family, has Oxford road on the north; Swallow street in the east; Conduit street on the south; and New Bond street on the west. The area of the square contains about two acres of ground, in the middle of which is a garden inclosed with rails; the houses are new built in the modern taste; they make a grand appearance, and are inhabited by noblemen and gentlemen of distinguished rank.

The author of the Review of the public buildings remarks, that the upper end of Great George street towards Hanover square is laid out so considerably wider than at the other end, that it quite reverses the perspective, and shews the end of the vista broader than the beginning; which was calculated to give a noble view of this square from its entrance, and a better prospect down the street from the other side, and both way the effects answer the intention. He adds, that the view down George street, from the upper side of the square, is one of the most entertaining in this whole city: the sides of the square, the area in the middle, the breaks of building that form the entrance of the vista, the vista itself, but above all, the beautiful projection of the portico of St. George’s church, are all circumstances that unite in beauty, and render the scene perfect.

Hanover street, 1. Hanover square. 2. Long Acre. 3. Rotherhith Wall.

Hanover stairs, Hanover street, Rotherhith.

Hanover yard, St. Giles’s.

Hanson’s alley, St. Giles’s Broad street.†

Harcourt’s buildings, Inner Temple.†

Harding’s alley, Petty France, Westminster.†

Hare alley, Shoreditch.*

Hare court, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Hare street, Spitalfields.* 3. Inner Temple.* 4. Little Knightrider’s street.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. Upper Ground.*

Hare Court buildings, Inner Temple.*

Harefield, a village in Middlesex, near the river Coln, between Rickmansworth and Uxbridge, about twenty miles from London. Harefield Place is the seat of Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart. Here also George Cooke, Esq; the present member for the county of Middlesex, has a handsome seat and park.

Hare marsh, Hare street.*

Hare street, Brick lane, Spitalfields.*

Hare yard, Hoxton.*

Harley street, as does most of the other streets near it, took its name from the late Earl of Oxford, the ground landlord, who left it to his lady. This is a noble new street, extending northward from Cavendish square where Sir Richard Littleton’s house is at the corner.

Harp alley, 1. Grub street.* 2. Little Knightrider’s street.* 3. Saffron hill.* 4. Shoe lane.*

Harp court, Little Knightrider’s street.*

Harp lane, Tower street.*

Harp yard, Black horse yard, Fleet street.*

Harper’s alley, Fore street, Lambeth.†

Harper’s walk, Fore street, Lambeth.†

Harrie’s gun wharf, Millbank.†

Harrison’s court, Brook street.†

Harris’s court, Ratcliff Highway.†

Harris’s rents, Rosemary lane.†

Harrold’s court, Coal yard.†

Harrow alley, 1. St. Catharine’s.* 2. Holborn.* 3. Mint street.* 4. Old Gravel lane.* 5. Old street.* 6. Petticoat lane.* 7. Whitechapel.*

Harrow corner, 1. Bennet’s hill.* 2. Deadman’s place.* 3. Fleet lane.* 4. Long lane.*

Harrow dunghil, Mint street.*

Harrow dunghil yard, Old Horselydown.*

Harrow yard, Ropemakers fields.*

Harrow on the Hill, is situated in Middlesex, fifteen miles N. W. from London, on the highest hill in the county, on the summit of which stands the church, which has a very high spire. This parish is famous for a free school founded by Mr. John Lyons in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; and every 4th of August a select number of the scholars, dressed in the habit of archers, come with their bows, and shoot at a mark for a silver arrow.

Hartford, or Hertford, the county town of Hartfordshire, is situated on the river Lea, twenty-three miles from London, and is a place of great antiquity. It is said to have been of some note even in the time of the ancient Britons; here the Saxon Kings frequently kept their courts, and here King Alfred built a castle, by which he destroyed the Danish vessels that passed from the Thames up the river Lea. The town had its first charter granted by Queen Mary, by which it was made a corporation, and King James I. granted it a new one. The town is pleasantly situated in a dry and healthful vale, and built in the form of a Y with a castle in the middle of the two horns. It is governed by a High Steward, who is generally a nobleman, and by a Mayor, nine Aldermen, a Recorder, a Town Clerk, a Chamberlain, ten capital Burgesses, with sixteen Assistants, and two serjeants at mace. Here were five churches, which are reduced to two. In that of St. Andrew’s there is not only a seat for the Mayor and Aldermen, but another for the Governors of Christ Church hospital in London, and a gallery, in which 200 of the children of that hospital may be accommodated; for the Governors have erected an handsome house in the town for such children, as either wanted health, or are too young for that hospital. Here is also a handsome free school, and three charity schools; but tho’ the splendor of the town is much diminished, since the north road from London was turned through Ware, yet the county jail is still kept here, and the jail delivery in the castle. This town has the honour of giving the title of Earl to the Duke of Somerset, and of sending two members to parliament. The chief commodities of its market are wool, wheat, and malt, and it is said to send 5000 quarters of malt weekly to London by the river Lea.

Near this town is a seat of the late Governor Harrison, pleasantly situated on a hill that commands a fine prospect of the country all around; and its neighbourhood is a seat of the Clarks, which also enjoys a delightful situation.

Hartingfordbury, a village a little to the west of Hartford, near which the Earl Cowper has a handsome seat, built by his father, the Lord Chancellor of that name.

Hart alley, Grub street, Fore street.*

Hart court, Little Knightrider’s street.*

Hart Row street, without Newgate.*

Hart street, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. By Bow street, Covent Garden. 3. Cripplegate. 4. Duke street. 5. Mark lane, Fenchurch street.

Hartshorn court, 1. Golden lane. 2. Moor lane.

Hartshorn lane, in the Strand, lately by Northumberland house, leading down from the Strand to the water side; but it is now demolished, and a handsome street building in its room, which, it is said, will be called Northumberland street, from the present Earl of Northumberland to whom it belongs.

Harvey’s court, in the Strand.†

Harwar’s Almshouse, in Kingsland road, was founded by Mr. Samuel Harwar, citizen and draper, in the year 1713, for twelve single men and women, six of whom are to be put in by the company of Drapers, and the other six by the parish of St. Leonard, Shoreditch: each of whom is allowed six shillings a month, and eighteen bushels of coals a year.

Harwood’s court, 1. Wellclose square. 2. Well street.

Harwood’s yard, Holiwell street.*

Hass park, Wheeler street.

Hastewood’s court, Blue Anchor alley.†

Hasting’s court, 1. Ratcliff Highway.† 2. Upper Shadwell.†

Hat and Mitre court, St. John’s street.*

Hatbandmakers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles I. in the year 1638. They have a Master, two Wardens, and twelve Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall.

This fraternity during the wear of rich hatbands, was in a flourishing condition; but this part of dress having been many years out of fashion, the trade of making hatbands is almost dwindled to nothing, so that there are at present but two or three of the company who are really hatbandmakers. Maitland.

Hatchet alley, 1. Church lane, Whitechapel. 2. East Smithfield. 3. Little Britain. 4. Little Tower hill.

Hate street, Greek street, Soho.

Hatfield, a town in Hertfordshire, twenty miles from London, was called Bishops-Hatfield, from its belonging to the Bishops of Ely. Here Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury held a synod, against the Eutychean opinions; and here was once a royal palace, from whence both Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth were conducted to the throne. The rectory, which is in the Earl of Salisbury’s gift, is computed at 800l. a year.

The Earl of Salisbury has here a noble seat built by the great Lord Burleigh, called Hatfield House. The park and gardens, in which is a vineyard, is watered by the river Lea.

Hatfield street, Goswell street.

Hatton court, 1. Saffron hill. 2. Thread-needle street.

Hatton garden, Holborn, a broad straight and long street, in which the houses are pretty lofty; but tho’ they are plain and unadorned on the outside, yet there being something like regularity in the buildings, they appear to great advantage; and the street affording a fine vista, may justly be reckoned among the handsomest within the liberties of the city. Mr. Strype observes, that here was anciently situated the mansion house of the Bishop of Ely; adjoining to it was an orchard and pasture of about forty acres inclosed with a wall, which falling to the Crown at the death of Bishop Cox, she granted it to the Lord Chancellor Hatton, and his heirs for ever. Upon which the house was pulled down, and Hatton Garden, and several other streets erected on this estate. Strype’s Stow.

Hatton wall, at the end of Hatton garden; probably so called from its being at the extremity of the wall of the garden in which the street called Hatton Garden was built. See the preceding article.

Hatton yard, Hatton Wall.†

Haviland’s rents, St. Catharine’s.†

Haunch of Vension yard, Brook street.*

Hawkers and Pedlers Office, for granting licences to the hawkers and pedlers, is kept in Holborn court, Grays Inn. These belong to this office three commissioners, a comptroller, a cashier, nine riding surveyors, and a supernumerary riding surveyor, each of whom has a salary of 100l. a year. There are besides a few other officers with smaller salaries.

Haws’s Almshouse, in Bow lane, Poplar, was founded in the year 1686, for six poor women, who besides a room have thirty shillings a year each.

Hay court, near Newport market.

Hay hill, Dover street.

Haymarket, Pall Mall, a pretty long and spacious street, in which there is the opera house on one side, and a small theatre on the other. It received its name from there being a market here for hay and straw, every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.

Hazelwood court, Bunhill row.*

Heathcock court, in the Strand.*

Heath’s Almshouse, in Almshouse row,* in the Lower street, Islington, was founded by John Heath, Esq; in the year 1648, for the reception of ten decayed members of the clothworkers company, who annually receive from their corporation, who are trustees for this foundation, the sum 6l. each. Maitland.

Heath’s rents, Church lane, Rag Fair.†

Heddon’s court, Swallow street.†

Heddon’s street, Swallow street.†

Hedge alley, Barnaby street.

Hedge lane, Charing Cross, so called from its being formerly inclosed all along between two hedges. Maitland.

Hedgers court, St. Thomas’s, Southwark.

Hedley, a village in Surry, three miles from Epsom.

St. Helen’s Church, situated in a spacious court, on the east side of Bishopsgate street, called Little St. Helen’s, is thus denominated from its dedication to St. Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great. This church escaped the flames in 1666, and is no ill monument of the taste of the time in which it was erected. It is a Gothic structure of the lighter kind; and consists of a plain body, with large windows not too much encumbered with ornaments. It has a tower wrought with rustic at the corners, and crowned with a turret and dome in which is a bell.

In this church was formerly a figure of the Trinity, and a high altar of St. Helena, to which much devotion was paid. The church is now a vicarage in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s.

In the north isle is the following inscription, on a large handsome piece of black marble, under which are placed the remains of the wife, son, and daughter of Mr. Thomas Payne, bookseller.

Priory of St. Helen’s, was a convent of Black Nuns, founded in the reign of Henry III. by the above church; but was surrendered to the Crown in the thirteenth year of the reign of Henry VIII. The nuns hall, and other houses belonging to the priory, have been since purchased by the leathersellers company, and is their common hall.

Helmet alley, Fore street, Cripplegate.*

Helmet court, 1. Butcher Row, Temple Bar.* 2. Near Catharine street, in the Strand.* 3. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 4. London Wall.* 5. In the Minories.* 6. Thames street.* 7. Wormwood street.*

Helmet row, Old street.*

Hemlock court, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.

Hemming’s row, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†

Hemp yard, 1. Creechurch lane. 2. Petticoat lane. 3. Seething lane.

Hempsted, or Hemel-Hempsted, a town in Hertfordshire, situated about eight miles to the west of St. Alban’s, is esteemed one of the greatest markets for wheat in this county, if not in England: it is kept on Thursday, and 20,0001. a week is often returned in it for meal only. Eleven mills stand within four miles of the place, which bring a great trade to it; but by this means the road is so continually torn, that it is one of the worst turnpike ways round London.

Hen court, Golden lane.*

Hen and Chickens court, Fleet street.*

Hennage lane, Duke’s Place.

Henrietta street, 1. Cavendish square. 2. Covent Garden.

Henry street, Old street.

Hepper’s wharf, near Puddle dock, Thames street.†

Hepworth’s alley, Dancing Bridge.†

Heralds Office, or the College of Arms, is situated upon St. Bennet’s hill, near Doctors Commons, at the south west end of St. Paul’s cathedral. This office was destroyed by the dreadful conflagration in 1666, and rebuilt about three years after. It is a square, inclosed by regular brick buildings, which are extremely neat without expensive decorations. The floors are raised above the level of the ground, and there is an ascent to them by flights of plain steps. The principal front is in the lower story ornamented with rustic, upon which are placed four Ionic pilasters, that support an angular pediment. The sides which are conformable to this have arched pediments, that are also supported by Ionic pilasters. On the inside is a large room for keeping the court of honour; a library; with houses and apartments for the King’s Heralds and Pursuivants.

This corporation consists of thirteen members, viz. three Kings at arms, six Heralds at arms, and four Pursuivants at arms; who are nominated by the Earl Marshal of England, as ministers subordinate to him in the execution of their offices, and hold their places by patent, during their good behaviour. They are all the King’s servants in ordinary, and therefore in the vacancy of the office of Earl Marshal, have been sworn into their offices by the Lord Chamberlain. Their meetings are termed chapters, which they hold the first Thursday in every month, or oftener, if necessary, wherein all matters are determined by a majority of voices of the Kings and Heralds, each King having two voices.

The Kings are Garter, Clarenceux and Norroy. Garter was instituted by King Henry V. in the year 1417, for the service of the most noble order of the Garter: and for the dignity of that order, he was made Sovereign, within the office of arms, over all the other officers subject to the crown of England, by the name of Garter King of Arms of England. By the constitution of his office he must be a native of England, and a gentleman bearing arms. To him belongs the correction of arms, and all ensigns of arms usurped or borne unjustly; and the power of granting arms to deserving persons, and supporters to the nobility and Knights of the Bath. It is likewise his office to go next before the sword in solemn processions, none interposing, except the Marshal; to administer the oath to all the officers of arms; to have a habit like the register of the order; with Baron’s service in the court, and lodgings in Windsor Castle; he bears his white rod with a banner of the ensigns of the order thereon before the Sovereign; when any Lord enters the parliament chamber, it is his post to assign him his place, according to his dignity and degree; to carry the ensigns of the order to foreign Princes, and to do, or procure to be done, what the Sovereign shall enjoin relating to the order; for the execution of which he has a salary of 100l. a year payable at the Exchequer, and 100l. more out of the revenue of the order; besides his fees.

The others are called Provincial Kings, and their provinces together, comprise the whole kingdom of England; that of Clarenceux comprehending all to the south of the river Trent; and that of Norroy, all to the north of that river: but tho’ these provincials have existed time immemorial, they were not constituted to these offices by the titles of Clarenceux and Norroy before Edward III.

Clarenceux is thus named from the Duke of Clarence, the third son of King Edward III. It is his duty, according to his commission, to visit his province, to survey the arms of all persons, &c. and to register their descents, marriages, &c. to marshal the funerals of all persons in his province not under the direction of Garter; and in his province to grant arms, with the consent of the Earl Marshal. Before the institution of Garter he was the principal officer of arms, and in the vacancy of Garter he executes his office. Besides his fees, he has a salary from the Exchequer of 40l. a year.

The duty and office of Norroy, or North Roy, that is North King, is the same on the north of the Trent, as that of Clarenceux on the south.

The Kings of arms were formerly erected by the Sovereign with great solemnity, upon some high festival; but since the ceremonies used at the creation of Peers have been laid aside, the Kings of arms have been created by the Earl Marshal, by virtue of the Sovereign’s warrant: upon this occasion he takes his oath; wine is poured upon his head out of a gilt cup, with a cover; his title is pronounced; and he invested with a tabart of the royal arms, richly embroidered upon velvet; a collar of SS. with two portcullises of silver gilt; a gold chain, with a badge of his office, and the Earl Marshal places on his head the crown of a King of arms, which formerly resembled a ducal coronet; but since the restoration it has been adorned with leaves resembling those of the oak, and circumscribed, according to ancient custom, with the words, Miserere mei Deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam. Garter has also a mantle of crimson sattin, as an officer of the order; with a white rod or scepter with the Sovereign’s arms on the top, which he bears in the presence of the Sovereign; and he is sworn in a chapter of the Garter, the Sovereign investing him with the ensigns of his office.

The Kings of arms are distinguished from each other by their respective badges, which they may wear at all times, either in a gold chain or a ribbon, Garter’s being blue and the Provincials purple.

The six Heralds are Windsor, Chester, Lancaster, York, Richmond, and Somerset, who take place according to seniority in office. They are created with the same ceremonies as the Kings, taking the oath of an Herald, and are inverted with a tabart of the royal arms, embroidered upon sattin, not so rich as the Kings, but better than the Pursuivants, and a silver collar of SS. They are Esquires by creation, and have a salary of 26l. 13s. 4d. per annum, and fees according to their degree.

The Kings and Heralds are sworn upon a sword as well as the book, to shew that they are military, as well as civil officers.

The four Pursuivants, who are, Rougecroix, Bluemantle, Rougedragon, and Portcullis, are also created by the Earl Marshal, when they take their oath of a Pursuivant, and are invested with a tabart of the royal arms upon damask. They have a salary of 20l. a year, with fees according to their degree. It is the duty of the Heralds and Pursuivants, to attend in the public office, one of each class together, by a monthly rotation.

Besides these particular duties of the several classes, it is the general duty both of the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, to attend his Majesty at the house of Peers, and, upon certain high festivals, to the chapel royal; to make proclamations; to marshal the proceedings at all public processions; to attend the installation of the Knights of the Garter, &c.

All these officers have apartments in the college, annexed to their respective offices. They have likewise a public hall, in which is a court for the Earl Marshal, where courts of chivalry are occasionally held, and the officers of arms attend in their tabarts, his Lordship being present. Their public library contains a large and valuable collection of original records of the pedigrees and arms of families, funeral certificates of the nobility and gentry, public ceremonials, and other branches of heraldry and antiquities; and there have been few works published, relating to the history and antiquities of this kingdom, in which the authors have not received some assistance from this library, where attendance is daily given by two officers for the public emolument. Instructions communicated by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq; Garter King of Arms, to Mr. Maitland.

Herbert’s grounds, Bandyleg Walk.†

Herbert’s passage, Beaufort Buildings.†

Hercules Pillars alley, Fleet street.*

Hercules yard, Turnmill street.*

Hermitage bridge, Hermitage dock.

Hermitage court, Red Maid lane, near the Hermitage.

Hermitage, Dock side. There were formerly several hermitages on the ground on which London now stands.

Hermitage stairs, Wapping.

Hermitage street, Wapping.

Hermitage yard, Parish street.

Heron’s yard, Marsham street.†

Hertford’s court, Fenchurch street.†

Heston, a village in Middlesex, to the north west of Hounslow.

Hewet’s court, in the Strand.†

Hewey court, near Halfmoon street, in the Strand.†

Heydon court, Heydon square.†

Heydon passage, Heydon square.†

Heydon square, on the east side of the Minories.†

Heydon yard, Heydon square.†

Hickman’s court, Mill street.†

Hick’s court, Shoreditch.†

Hicks’s Hall, in St. John’s street, facing West Smithfield, is the county hall in which the justices of Middlesex hold their sessions. This is a very plain brick edifice with a portico at the entrance. It was built by Sir Baptist Hicks, Viscount Campden, who was for some time a mercer in Cheapside, and died in 1629, and from him it received its name. Stow.

Hicks’s yard, Angel alley, Little Moorfields.†

Hide Park, is in a very fine situation to the west of the new buildings of London, from which it extends to Kensington; it being encompassed by a wall, and well stocked with deer. There is a place in it called the Ring, which used formerly to be frequented by people of fashion in their coaches. Mr. Misson, who published an account of his travels over England, speaking of this Ring, which was then in vogue, says, “The coaches drive round and round, and when they have turned for some time round one way, they face about and turn t’other: so rolls the world.” Here is a bason of water, formed to supply the above-mentioned new buildings, and a fine serpentine river. There are several good prospects from it. A magazine for gunpowder has been lately built in this Park near the Ring.

Hide Park corner, Piccadilly, by the corner of Hide Park.

Hide Park street, Hide Park.

Hide street, Bloomsbury.

Hide’s court, 1. King street, Golden square.† 2. Noble street.† 3. Hide’s rents, Chick lane.†

High Holborn, that part of Holborn beyond the bars, and out of the liberties of the city.

High Holborn Liberty, which consists of that part without the bars, is one of the two liberties in the county of Middlesex and hundred of Osulston, belonging to the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn; though by its separate government, (exclusive of that of the church) it acts in all respects as if independent. Maitland.

High street, 1. Aldgate. 2. Coverlead’s fields. 3. St. Giles’s.

High Timber street, Broken Wharf.

Highgate, a large and populous village in Middlesex, a little above four miles north of London, is so called from its high situation on the top of a hill, and a gate erected there above 400 years ago, to receive toll for the Bishop of London; upon an old miry road from Grays Inn lane to Barnet, being turned through that Bishop’s park. The church, which is a very old edifice, is a chapel of ease to Pancras and Hornsey; and where it stands was formerly an hermitage; near which the Lord Chief Baron Cholmondeley built and endowed a free school in 1562, which was enlarged in the year 1570, by Edwin Sandys, Bishop of London, and a chapel added to it. There are also here several dissenting meeting houses. On the side next London, the fineness of the prospect over the city, as far as Shooter’s hill, and below Greenwich, has occasioned several handsome edifices to be built; particularly a very fine house erected by the late Sir William Ashurst. It is remarkable that most of the public houses in Highgate have a large pair of horns placed over the sign; and that when any of the country people stop for refreshment, a pair of large horns fixed to the end of a staff, is brought to them, and they are earnestly pressed to be sworn. If they consent, a kind of burlesque oath is administered; that they will never eat brown bread when they can get white; never kiss the maid when they can kiss the mistress; and abundance of other things of the same kind, which they repeat after the person who brings the horns, with one hand fixed upon them. This ridiculous ceremony is altered according to the sex of the person who is sworn; who is allowed to add to each article, except I like the other better; the whole being over, he or she must kiss the horns, and pay a shilling for the oath, to be spent among the company, to which he or she belongs.

Highgate road, Tottenham court.

Hilliard’s court, Old Gravel lane.†

Hillington, or Hillingdon, the name of two villages in Middlesex, situated near each other, at a small distance from Uxbridge, and distinguished by the epithets Great and Little. The church of Great Hillington is a vicarage, to which the town of Uxbridge is a hamlet, and here Meinhardt, late Duke of Schomberg had a seat; and Mr. Chetwynd has one at Little Hillington.

Hill’s Almshouse, in Rochester row, Tothill fields, was erected in the year 1708, pursuant to the will of Emery Hill, Esq; for the use of six poor men and their wives, and six poor widows. The former are allowed 7l. 4s. and a chaldron of coals every year; and the latter 5l. and a chaldron of coals per annum, and a gown every other year.

The same gentleman erected an almshouse in Petty France, Westminster, in the year 1677, for the reception of three men and their wives; but left it to be endowed out of the surplusage of the above almshouse; however it does not appear that there ever was any surplus. Maitland.

Hill’s rents, Helmet court, Butcher Row, near Temple Bar.†

Hill’s wharf, Wapping Wall.†

Hill’s yard, Shoreditch.

Hind court, 1. Coleman street, Lothbury. 2. Drury lane. 3. Fleet street.

Hind’s alley, Maiden lane.†

Hind’s rents, Maze Pond street.†

Hinton’s Almshouse, in Plough alley, Barbican, was erected in the year 1732,pursuant to the will of Alice Hinton, of Hackney, widow, who bequeathed the sum of 2000l. for erecting and endowing an almshouse for twelve poor widows of the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate; but the building was only erected for six, occasioned, it is said, by the loss of effects at sea, and 700l. by African stock. Each widow has, however, two neat rooms, and the house is endowed with 22l. per annum, arising from ground rent. Maitland.

Hitchcock’s yard, Newington Causeway.†

Hoar’s yard, Bishopsgate street.†

Hobbin’s court, Long lane, Southwark.†

Hobb’s rents, Marigold street.†

Hockenhuil’s court, Black Eagle street, Spitalfields.†

Hockley in the Hole, near Clerkenwell.

Hoddesdon, a hamlet situated on the river Lea, in the parish of Amswell and Brocksbourn in Hertfordshire, nineteen miles from London. Queen Elizabeth granted a grammar school to be kept here, and an almshouse was founded in the reign of King Henry VI. by Richard Rich, Sheriff of London. It is a great thoroughfare on the north road, and has a market on Thursday, and fair eleven days after St. Peter’s.

Hodge’s rents, Nightingale lane.†

Hog alley, East Smithfield.*

Hog Island, Liquorpond street.

Hog land, 1. St. Giles’s Pound.* 2. Norton Falgate.*

Hog yard, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Flemish church yard.* 3. Kent street.* 4. Liquorpond street. 5. Tothill street.* 6. White’s yard, Rosemary lane.*

Holand’s court, Back alley, Wapping.†

Holand’s Legure, near Green walk.†

Holand’s Legure walk, Green walk.†

Holand street, 1. Black Friars. 2. Great Wardour street.

Holborn, extends from the bottom of Snow hill to Broad St. Giles’s. This street was anciently a village called Oldborne, built on the bank of a brook or borne called Olborne, or Holbourn, that sprung up near Middle row, and flowed down the hill in a clear current, till it fell into the river of Wells at Holborn bridge. Along this rivulet the village gradually extended itself west ward, and communicated its name to this long and spacious street, afterwards built upon the same spot. This brook now runs the same course along the common sewer. Holborn was first paved from the bridge to the bars in the year 1535.

Holborn bars, near the end of Gray’s Inn lane, where the liberties of the city end on that side.

Holborn bridge, a bridge erected over Fleet ditch, at the bottom of Holborn hill, where the river of Wells, also called Turnmill brook, fell into it.

Holborn court, the first court in Gray’s Inn, on passing through the gate out of Holborn.

Holborn hill, the descent at the east end of Holborn.

Holborn row, Lincoln’s Inn fields.

Holden, or Nonsuch court, Gracechurch street.†

Holding street, Rotherhith.

Hole in the Wall, Little Russel street.*

Hole in the Wall yard, Goddard’s rents.*

Holford alley, Drury lane.†

Holford court, Fenchurch street.†

Holford’s walk, Fore street, Lambeth.†

Holiday’s court, 1. Blue Anchor alley.† 2. Narrow Wall.†

Holiday’s yard, Creed lane.†

Holiwell, a fine spring, now choaked up with soil and a hill of rubbish called Holiwell Mount, near Shoreditch. This spring, in the times of popery, was famed for its miraculous virtues, and thence obtained the name of Holy.

A little to the south of this well, but within its precinct, stood an ancient priory of Benedictine nuns, which after many repairs, was rebuilt by Sir Thomas Lovel, Knight of the Garter, in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. who also gave to this priory a considerable benefaction in land, and was here buried in a chapel which he himself had erected. In commemoration of this benefactor, the following lines were curiously painted in most of the glass windows:

This priory, at the general suppression of monasteries, was surrendered to Henry VIII. in the year 1539, and its ruins are still to be seen in St. John’s court in Holiwell lane: the populace unjustly consider these as the remains of St. John’s palace, tho’ it does not appear that ever any royal mansion was in this neighbourhood.

Holiwell court, 1. Holiwell lane, Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s.

Holiwell lane, 1. Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s, Tower hill.

Holiwell mount, Holiwell lane, Shoreditch.

Holiwell row, Horseshoe alley, Shoreditch.

Holiwell street, 1. Shoreditch. 2. In the Strand; so called from its neighbourhood to St. Clement’s well.

Holland House, a little beyond Kensington, is a fine old large Gothic structure built of brick, very pleasantly situated on a rising ground, and is at present the seat of the right Hon. Henry Fox. The celebrated Mr. Addison, who married the Countess of Warwick, lived in this house.

Holles’s Almshouse, in Great St. Helen’s, near Bishopsgate street, was founded by the Lady Holles, relict of Sir William Holles, Lord Mayor of London, in the year 1539, for six poor men or women, and endowed with 10l. a year, out of which each person was to receive 7d. a week, and the surplus to be laid out in coals for their use.

As an addition to this foundation, Alice Smith of London, widow, devised lands to the value of 15l. a year; which, with the above mentioned, being greatly increased in their revenues, the company of Skinners, who are the trustees, have rebuilt the house in a handsome manner, and augmented the pensions of the poor. Maitland.

Hollis street, 1. Clare market.† 2. Oxford street.†

The Hollow, near Brick lane.

Holloway court, Nevil’s court, Rosemary lane.

Hollybush court, St. Clement’s, Temple Bar.*

Holman’s alley, Bunhill row.†

Holywell. See Holiwell.

Homerton, a hamlet belonging to Hackney.

Honesty’s square, Chick lane.

Honesty’s yard, St. James’s court, Chick lane.

Honey court yard, Ailesbury street.

Honey lane, Cheapside.

Honey lane market, behind the north side of Cheapside, facing Bow church. After the fire of London, Honey lane, and other buildings, were converted into this market, among which was the parish church of Allhallows Honey lane. It is the smallest market in the city, being but 193 feet in length from east to west, and 97 from north to south. In the middle is a market house, which stands on pillars, has rooms over it, and is crowned with a bell tower. In this market there are 135 standing stalls for butchers covered over, and also several stalls for fruiterers; the passages into it are inhabited by fishmongers, poulterers, &c. It is famous for the goodness of the provisions sold there, with which it is well supplied on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays.

Honeysuckle court, Grub street, Fore street.*

Hooker’s court, St. Nicholas lane.*

Hooke’s Hole yard, Upper Ground street.*

Hoop alley, 1. Old street.* 2. Portpool lane.*

Hoop yard, 1. Little Swan alley.* 2. New Fish street hill.* 3. In the Strand.*

Hooper’s square, Goodman’s fields.†

Hooper’s yard, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 2. Tooley street.†

Hop garden, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.

Hopkin’s rents, Crown alley, Tooley street.†

Hopkin’s row, near Petty France, Westminster.†

Hopkin’s street, Broad street, Poland street.†

Hopton’s Almshouse, in the parish of Christ Church, Surry, was founded by Charles Hopton, Esq; for twenty-six poor men, who have been housekeepers and come to decay, each of whom has an upper and lower room, with 10l. a year paid monthly, and a chaldron of coals. The building is handsome, neat, and spacious. The founder died in the year 1730, and the poor men were first admitted two years after by the minister and two churchwardens of that parish, and ten other gentlemen, who are trustees for the management of this charity.

Hopton street, Berwick street.†

Horn alley, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Liquorpond street.* 3. Tower street, Tower hill.*

Horn court, 1. Basing lane.* 2. Beer lane, Tower street, near Tower hill.* 3. Peter street, Westminster.*

Horn Tavern court, St. Margaret’s lane.*

Horn yard, Goodman’s fields.*

Hornchurch, a town near Rumford in Essex, was formerly called Horn Monastery from a large pair of leaden horns; which, according to tradition, were placed there by a certain King, who disliking its former name Hore Church, so called from its being built by a whore, in order to attone for her sins, altered its name by setting up the horns.

Horners, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles I. in the year 1638. They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and nine Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall.

In the reign of Henry IV. this company was greatly reduced, by the almost general exportation of horns; when applying to parliament in the year 1465, it was enacted, that from thenceforward no other horns should be exported, but such as were refused by the horners of this city and kingdom, on the penalty of forfeiture: and for the more effectual execution of this law, the Wardens of the company of Horners of this city were impowered to search for all such goods and merchandize, both wrought and unwrought, not only within this city and 20 miles round, but in the fairs of Sturbridge and Ely, and all such goods as were found bad and unmarketable were to be forfeited. Maitland.

Hornsey, a village in Middlesex, five miles from London. About a mile nearer this, is a coppice of young trees, called Hornsey Wood, at the entrance of which is a genteel public house, to which great numbers of persons resort from the city. This house being situated on the top of a hill, affords a delightful prospect of the neighbouring country.

Horns yard, 1. Cloth fair, East Smithfield.* 2. Kent street.* 3. Peter street, Westster. 4. Stony street.* 5. Whitechapel.*

Master of the Horse. See the article Master of the Horse.

Horse and Groom yard, Wood street, Westminster.*

Horse and Trumpet yard, Poor Jewry lane, Aldgate.

Horse Guards, a noble modern edifice opposite to the Banquetting-house, Whitehall. It consists of a center and two wings, and has an air of solidity perfectly agreeable to the nature of the building. It receives its name from the horse guards, who while the King is at St. James’s are here on duty, two at a time being constantly mounted and completely armed, under two handsome slope porches detached from the building, and erected to shelter them from the weather. This structure is equally calculated for the use of the foot as well as the horse on duty.

In the center of this edifice is an arched passage into St. James’s Park, and the building over this has a pediment, in which are the King’s arms in bass relief. But this arch, as it is the passage of his Majesty to and from the house of Peers, should have been more lofty and noble. At each extreme of this center is a pavilion. But the cupola, which is not seen in the view represented in the plate of the Treasury, has but little to recommend it. The middle face of the cupola presents a dial; and the aperture in the lower part of this, and on the several stages of the other, are well calculated to break the plainness, without weakening the building, either in reality or appearance. The wings are plainer than the center. They each consist of a fore front, projecting a little, with ornamented windows in the principal story, and a plain one in the sides. Each has its pediment, with a circular window in the center: and the whole has a proper air of strength and plainness.

Horse walk, Windmill hill, Moorfields.

Horse and Cart yard, St. John’s street.

Horseferry bank, Millbank, Westminster.

Horseferry lane, Fore street, Lambeth.

Horseferry road, Tothill fields.

Horselydown, Tooley street. All the tract called Horselydown, including the streets, square and lane of the same name, was originally a grazing ground, whence it was denominated Horse Down, which by corruption was changed to Horselydown. Stow, last edit.

Horselydown fair street, near Free school street.

Horselydown Old lane, Horselydown.

Horselydown square, Shad Thames.

Horselydown stairs, Horselydown.

Horselydown street, St. Olave’s, Southwark.

Horsemonger lane, near Blackman street.

Horseshoe alley, 1. Anchor street.* 2. Bank side, Southwark.* 3. Bunhill row.* 4. Fashion street.* 5. Golden lane.* 6. Maiden lane.* 7. Moorfields.* 8. Petticoat lane. 9. Petty France. 10. Thread-needle street.* 11. Whitechapel.*

Horseshoe Alley stairs, Bank side.*

Horseshoe court, 1. Bridge yard, Tooley street.* 2. Clement’s lane, near Temple Bar.* 3. Cock lane, West Smithfield.* 4. Fashion street.* 5. Giltspur street, without Newgate.* 6. Old street.* 7. Peter street, Hicks’s hall.* 8. Seething lane.*

Horseshoe passage, Blowbladder street.*

Horseshoe yard, 1. Brook street.* 2. Old Gravel lane.*

Hosier lane, West Smithfield; so called from its being formerly inhabited by the hosiers. Stow.

Hoskin’s court, Hartshorn lane, in the Strand.†

Hospital passage, leading from Christ’s hospital into Butcherhall lane.*

Hospital walk, Hoxton.

Houghton street, Clare market.†

Hotwater alley, Paris Garden lane.

Hovel, Hog lane, Norton Falgate.

Houndsditch, extends from Bishopsgate street without to Aldgate street within, and runs along the outside of the city wall. Here was formerly the city moat, which obtained the name of Houndsditch, from the number of dead dogs flung into it; and this ditch being filled up, the street built upon it obtained the same name. Maitland.

Hounslow, a village 12 miles north of London, on the edge of the heath of the same name, which is equally famous for horse-races and robberies. There are here a chapel and a charity school. The village belongs to two parishes, the north side of the street to Hefton, and the south to Isleworth. In this place was formerly a convent of mendicant friars, who by their institution were to beg alms for the ransom of captives taken by the infidels. On its dissolution by King Henry VIII. that Prince gave it to the Lord Windsor, and it was afterwards purchased by Mr. Auditor Roan.

Housewife alley, Old Bethlem.

Master of the Houshold. See the article Master of the Houshold.

Howard street, Norfolk street. Lord Arundel’s house stood there, and from thence both Arundel and Norfolk street had their names.

Howard’s alley, 1. Angel alley.† 2. Back street, Lambeth.† 3. Clerkenwell close.†

Howard’s Causeway alley, Narrow Wall.†

Howford’s court, 1. Fenchurch street.† St. Nicholas lane, Lombard street.†

Hoxton, near Shoreditch. This was for many ages a village, and in the Conqueror’s Survey is named Hocheston: but by the increase of buildings it has been for some time past joined to this metropolis.

Hoxton market, Hoxton.

Hoxton road, Hoxton.

Hoxton square, Hoxton.

Hoyle’s court, Noble street, Foster lane.†

Hubbart’s rents, Houndsditch.†

Hubbart’s yard, Brown’s lane.†

Hucker’s court, St. Nicholas lane.†

Hudson’s Bay Company. Though the extensive countries to which this Company trade, were discovered by Sir Sebastian Cabot, in the year 1497, yet this commerce does not seem to have been fully settled till after the year 1670, at which time King Charles II. by his letters patent incorporated the adventurers by the title of The Governor and Company of the Adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay, and granted them and their successors for ever, all the streights, bays, seas, rivers, lakes, creeks, islands, shores, lands, territories and places whatsoever, within Hudson’s Streights and Hudson’s Bay.

This Company carry on a considerable trade to the above places by a joint stock, and have settled several small factories, to which the natives repair with their rich furs, skins, and other commodities of the country, which they exchange for those of England.

This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and seven Assistants, who have a hall which stands backward in the south side of Fenchurch street. This is a very fine brick building, adorned with pilasters, architraves, &c. Maitland.

Hudson’s court, 1. Tower hill.† 2. Vine street, Little Chandos street.†

Huet’s court, in the Strand.†

Huet’s rents, Grub street, Fore street.†

Huggen alley, 1. Wood street, Cheapside. 2. Huggen lane.

Huggen lane, Thames street.

Hugh’s court, Water lane, Black Friars.†

Hulbert’s Almshouse, a very handsome building contiguous to St. Peter’s hospital at Newington Butts. See Fishmongers Almshouse.

Humfrey’s alley, Shoreditch.†

Hungerford market, near the west end of the Strand, and at a small distance from the Thames. In this place was anciently a large house, with a garden, the seat of Sir Edward Hungerford, which he converted into buildings. There is here a good market house, and over it a French church: but the market house turns to little account, notwithstanding its convenient situation for the gardeners to land their greens, &c. at the stairs.

Hungerford stairs, Hungerford market.†

Hungerford Stairs passage, Hungerford market.†

Hungerford street, in the Strand, leading to the market.†

Common Hunt. See Common.

Hunt’s court, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields.† 2. Hunt’s street.† 3. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†

Hunt’s rents, Goswell street.†

Hunt’s street, Spicer’s street.†

Hunt’s wharf, near Thames street.†

Hurst’s gardens, St. George’s fields.†

Husband’s street, 1. Near Berwick street.† 2. By Knave’s acre.†

Hussey’s alley. Wood street.†

Hutchinson’s wharf, Milford lane.†

Hydon square, near the east end of the Minories.†

Hydon square court, Hydon square.†

Hydon yard, leading from the Minories to Hydon square.†